Арнольд шварценеггер как пишется на английском

Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger (born July 30, 1947) is an Austrian and American actor, film producer, businessman, retired professional bodybuilder and politician who served as the 38th governor of California between 2003 and 2011. Time magazine named Schwarzenegger one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2004 and 2007.[1][2]

Arnold Schwarzenegger

Arnold Schwarzenegger by Gage Skidmore 4.jpg

Schwarzenegger in 2019

38th Governor of California
In office
November 17, 2003 – January 3, 2011
Lieutenant
  • Cruz Bustamante
  • John Garamendi
  • Mona Pasquil (acting)
  • Abel Maldonado
Preceded by Gray Davis
Succeeded by Jerry Brown
Chairman of the President’s Council
on Physical Fitness and Sports
In office
January 22, 1990 – May 27, 1993
President
  • George H. W. Bush
  • Bill Clinton
Preceded by Dick Kazmaier
Succeeded by
  • Florence Griffith Joyner (co-chair)
  • Tom McMillen (co-chair)
Personal details
Born

Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger

July 30, 1947 (age 75)
Thal, Styria, Allied-occupied Austria

Citizenship
  • Austria
  • United States
Political party Republican
Spouse

Maria Shriver

(m. 1986; div. 2021)​

Children 5, including Katherine, Patrick and Joseph Baena
Parent
  • Gustav Schwarzenegger (father)
Relatives Chris Pratt (son-in-law)
Occupation
  • Actor
  • bodybuilder
  • businessman
  • politician
  • author
Signature
Website Official website
Military service
Allegiance Austria
Branch/service Bundesheer
Years of service 1965
Unit Belgier Barracks

Schwarzenegger began lifting weights at the age of 15 and went on to win the Mr. Universe title at age 20 and subsequently won the Mr. Olympia title seven times. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest bodybuilders of all time,[3][4] and has written many books and articles about bodybuilding.[5] The Arnold Sports Festival, considered the second-most important bodybuilding event after Mr. Olympia, is named after him.[6] He appeared in the bodybuilding documentary Pumping Iron (1977). Schwarzenegger retired from bodybuilding and gained worldwide fame as a Hollywood action star, with his breakthrough in the sword and sorcery epic Conan the Barbarian (1982), a box-office hit with a sequel in 1984.[7] After playing the title character in the science fiction film The Terminator (1984), he starred in the sequels Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991), Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines (2003), Terminator Genisys (2015), and Terminator: Dark Fate (2019). His other successful action films included Commando (1985), The Running Man (1987), Predator (1987), Red Heat (1988), Total Recall (1990), and True Lies (1994), in addition to comedy films such as Twins (1988), Kindergarten Cop (1990), Junior (1994), and Jingle All the Way (1996).[8] He is the founder of the film production company Oak Productions.[9]

As a Republican candidate, Schwarzenegger was first elected on October 7, 2003, in a special recall election to replace then-Governor Gray Davis. He received 48.6% of the vote, 17 points ahead of Democrat runner-up Cruz Bustamante. He was sworn in on November 17 to serve the remainder of Davis’ term, and was re-elected in the 2006 California gubernatorial election with an increased vote share of 55.9% to serve a full term as governor.[10] In 2011, he reached his term limit as governor and returned to acting.

Schwarzenegger was nicknamed the «Austrian Oak» in his bodybuilding days, «Arnie» or «Schwarzy» during his acting career,[11] and «the Governator» (a portmanteau of «Governor» and «Terminator») during his political career. He married Maria Shriver, a niece of President John F. Kennedy, in 1986. They separated in 2011 after he admitted to having fathered a child with their housemaid in 1997; their divorce was finalized in 2021.[12]

Early life

Schwarzenegger’s birthplace

Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger was born in Thal on July 30, 1947,[13] the second son of Gustav Schwarzenegger and his wife, Aurelia (née Jadrny). Schwarzenegger’s father was the local chief of police. After the Anschluss in 1938, he joined the Nazi Party and, in 1939 the Sturmabteilung (SA). In World War II, he served as a military policeman in the invasions of Poland, France and the Soviet Union, including the siege of Leningrad, rising to the rank of Hauptfeldwebel.[14][15] He was wounded in the Battle of Stalingrad,[16] and was discharged in 1943 following a bout of malaria. According to Holocaust scholar Michael Berenbaum, Gustav Schwarzenegger served «in theaters of the war where atrocities were committed. But there is no way to know from the documents whether he played a role.»[14] Gustav’s background received wide press attention during the 2003 California gubernatorial recall election in which Schwarzenegger was elected governor.[17]

Gustav Schwarzenegger married Aurelia on October 20, 1945; he was 38 and she was 23. According to Schwarzenegger, his parents were very strict: «Back then in Austria it was a very different world […] if we did something bad or we disobeyed our parents, the rod was not spared.»[18] He grew up in a Catholic family.[19] Gustav preferred his elder son, Meinhard, over Arnold.[20] His favoritism was «strong and blatant», which stemmed from unfounded suspicion that Arnold was not his biological child.[21] Schwarzenegger has said that his father had «no patience for listening or understanding your problems».[19] He had a good relationship with his mother, with whom he kept in touch until her death.[22]

Early education and bodybuilding beginnings

At school, Schwarzenegger was reportedly academically average but stood out for his «cheerful, good-humored, and exuberant» character.[19] Money was a problem in their household; Schwarzenegger recalled that one of the highlights of his youth was when the family bought a refrigerator.[21] Schwarzenegger’s father Gustav was an athlete, and wished for his sons to become a champion in Bavarian curling.[23] Influenced by his father, Schwarzenegger played several sports as a boy.[19]

Schwarzenegger began weight training in 1960 when his football coach took his team to a local gym.[13] At the age of 14, he chose bodybuilding over football as a career.[7][24] He later said, «I actually started weight training when I was 15, but I’d been participating in sports, like soccer, for years, so I felt that although I was slim, I was well-developed, at least enough so that I could start going to the gym and start Olympic lifting.»[18] However, his official website biography claims that «at 14, he started an intensive training program with Dan Farmer, studied psychology at 15 (to learn more about the power of mind over body) and at 17, officially started his competitive career.»[25] During a speech in 2001, he said, «My own plan formed when I was 14 years old. My father had wanted me to be a police officer like he was. My mother wanted me to go to trade school.»[26]

Schwarzenegger took to visiting a gym in Graz, where he also frequented the local movie theaters to see bodybuilding idols such as Reg Park, Steve Reeves, and Johnny Weissmuller on the big screen.[18] When Reeves died in 2000, Schwarzenegger fondly remembered him: «As a teenager, I grew up with Steve Reeves. His remarkable accomplishments allowed me a sense of what was possible when others around me didn’t always understand my dreams. Steve Reeves has been part of everything I’ve ever been fortunate enough to achieve.» In 1961, Schwarzenegger met former Mr. Austria Kurt Marnul, who invited him to train at the gym in Graz.[13] He was so dedicated as a youngster that he broke into the local gym on weekends in order to train even when it was closed. «It would make me sick to miss a workout… I knew I couldn’t look at myself in the mirror the next morning if I didn’t do it.» When Schwarzenegger was asked about his first cinema experience as a boy, he replied: «I was very young, but I remember my father taking me to the Austrian theaters and seeing some newsreels. The first real movie I saw, that I distinctly remember, was a John Wayne movie.»[18] In Graz, Schwarzenegger was mentored by Alfred Gerstl, who had Jewish ancestry and later became president of the Federal Council, and befriended his son Karl.[27][28]

Schwarzenegger’s brother, Meinhard, died in a car crash on May 20, 1971.[13] He was driving drunk and died instantly. Schwarzenegger did not attend his funeral. Meinhard was engaged to Erika Knapp, and they had a three-year-old son named Patrick. Schwarzenegger paid for Patrick’s education and helped him to move to the U.S.[21] Gustav died of a stroke on December 13, 1972.[13] In Pumping Iron, Schwarzenegger claimed that he did not attend his father’s funeral because he was training for a bodybuilding contest. Later, he and the film’s producer said this story was taken from another bodybuilder to show the extremes some would go to for their sport and to make Schwarzenegger’s image colder to create controversy for the film.[29] However, Barbara Baker, his first serious girlfriend, recalled that he informed her of his father’s death without emotion and that he never spoke of his brother.[30] Over time, he has given at least three versions of why he was absent from his father’s funeral.[21]

In an interview with Fortune in 2004, Schwarzenegger told how he suffered what «would now be called child abuse» at the hands of his father: «My hair was pulled. I was hit with belts. So was the kid next door. It was just the way it was. Many of the children I’ve seen were broken by their parents, which was the German-Austrian mentality. They didn’t want to create an individual. It was all about conforming. I was one who did not conform, and whose will could not be broken. Therefore, I became a rebel. Every time I got hit, and every time someone said, ‘You can’t do this,’ I said, ‘This is not going to be for much longer because I’m going to move out of here. I want to be rich. I want to be somebody.'»[15]

Schwarzenegger served in the Austrian Army in 1965 to fulfill the one year of service required at the time of all 18-year-old Austrian males.[13][25] During his army service, he won the Junior Mr. Europe contest.[24] He went AWOL during basic training so he could take part in the competition and then spent a week in military prison: «Participating in the competition meant so much to me that I didn’t carefully think through the consequences.» He entered another bodybuilding contest in Graz, at Steirerhof Hotel, where he placed second. He was voted «best-built man of Europe», which made him famous in bodybuilding circles. «The Mr. Universe title was my ticket to America—the land of opportunity, where I could become a star and get rich.»[26] Schwarzenegger made his first plane trip in 1966, attending the NABBA Mr. Universe competition in London.[25] He placed second in the Mr. Universe competition, not having the muscle definition of American winner Chester Yorton.[25]

Charles «Wag» Bennett, one of the judges at the 1966 competition, was impressed with Schwarzenegger and he offered to coach him. As Schwarzenegger had little money, Bennett invited him to stay in his crowded family home above one of his two gyms in Forest Gate, London. Yorton’s leg definition had been judged superior, and Schwarzenegger, under a training program devised by Bennett, concentrated on improving the muscle definition and power in his legs. Staying in the East End of London helped Schwarzenegger improve his rudimentary grasp of the English language.[31][32] Living with the Bennetts also changed him as a person: «Being with them made me so much more sophisticated. When you’re the age I was then, you’re always looking for approval, for love, for attention and also for guidance. At the time, I wasn’t really aware of that. But now, looking back, I see that the Bennett family fulfilled all those needs. Especially my need to be the best in the world. To be recognized and to feel unique and special. They saw that I needed that care and attention and love.»[33]

Also in 1966, while at Bennett’s home, Schwarzenegger had the opportunity to meet childhood idol Reg Park, who became his friend and mentor.[33][34] The training paid off and, in 1967, Schwarzenegger won the title for the first time, becoming the youngest ever Mr. Universe at the age of 20.[25] He would go on to win the title a further three times.[24] Schwarzenegger then flew back to Munich, where he attended a business school and worked in a health club (Rolf Putziger’s gym, where he worked and trained from 1966 to 1968), returning in 1968 to London to win his next Mr. Universe title.[25] He frequently told Roger C. Field, his English coach and friend in Munich at that time, «I’m going to become the greatest actor!»[35]

Schwarzenegger, who dreamed of moving to the U.S. since the age of 10, and saw bodybuilding as the avenue through which to do so,[36] realized his dream by moving to the United States in October 1968 at the age of 21, speaking little English.[24][13] There he trained at Gold’s Gym in Venice, Los Angeles, California, under Joe Weider’s supervision. From 1970 to 1974, one of Schwarzenegger’s weight training partners was Ric Drasin, a professional wrestler who designed the original Gold’s Gym logo in 1973.[37] Schwarzenegger also became good friends with professional wrestler Superstar Billy Graham. In 1970, at age 23, he captured his first Mr. Olympia title in New York, and would go on to win the title a total of seven times.[25]

The immigration law firm Siskind & Susser has stated that Schwarzenegger may have been an illegal immigrant at some point in the late 1960s or early 1970s because of violations in the terms of his visa.[38] LA Weekly would later say in 2002 that Schwarzenegger is the most famous immigrant in the United States, who «overcame a thick Austrian accent and transcended the unlikely background of bodybuilding to become the biggest movie star in the world in the 1990s».[36]

In 1977, Schwarzenegger’s autobiography/weight-training guide Arnold: The Education of a Bodybuilder became a huge success.[13] In 1977, he posed for the gay magazine After Dark.[39][40] Due to taking an assortment of courses at Santa Monica College in California (including English classes), as well as further upper division classes at the University of California, Los Angeles as part of UCLA’s extension program, Schwarzenegger had by then accumulated enough credits so as to be «within striking distance» of graduation. In 1979, he enrolled in the University of Wisconsin–Superior as a distance education student, completing most of his coursework by correspondence and flying out to Superior to meet professors and take final exams. In May 1980, he formally graduated and received his bachelor’s degree in business administration and marketing. He received his United States citizenship in 1983.[41]

Bodybuilding career

Arnold Schwarzenegger
Bodybuilder
 

As entrant to the 1974 Mr. Olympia competition at Madison Square Garden

Personal info
Nickname The Austrian Oak
Height 6 ft 2 in (188 cm)[42]
Weight
  • 235 lb (107 kg) (contest)[42]
  • 260 lb (118 kg) (off-season)

[42]

Professional career
Pro-debut
  • NABBA Mr. Universe
  • 1968
Best win
  • IFBB Mr. Olympia
  • 1970–1975, 1980, Seven Times
Predecessor Sergio Oliva (’69)
Frank Zane (’79)
Successor Franco Columbu (’76, ’81)
Active Retired 1980

Medal record

Men’s bodybuilding
Representing   Austria
Mr Universe (amateur)
1st 1967
Mr Universe (pro)
1st 1968
1st 1969
1st 1970
Mr. Olympia
2nd 1969
1st 1970
1st 1971
1st 1972
1st 1973
1st 1974
1st 1975
1st 1980
Powerlifting[43]
Representing   Austria
International Powerlifting Championships
1st 1966 +80 kg
German Powerlifting Championships
2nd 1967 +80 kg
1st 1968 +80 kg
Graz-Paradise Keller Powerlifting Championships
2nd 1967 +80 kg
Men’s Weightlifting[43]
Representing   Austria
Styrian Junior Weightlifting Championships
1st 1964
German Austrian Weightlifting Championships
1st 1965

Schwarzenegger is considered among the most important figures in the history of bodybuilding,[6] and his legacy is commemorated in the Arnold Classic annual bodybuilding competition. He has remained a prominent face in bodybuilding long after his retirement, in part because of his ownership of gyms and fitness magazines. He has presided over numerous contests and awards shows.

For many years, he wrote a monthly column for the bodybuilding magazines Muscle & Fitness and Flex. Shortly after being elected governor, he was appointed the executive editor of both magazines, in a largely symbolic capacity. The magazines agreed to donate $250,000 a year to the Governor’s various physical fitness initiatives. When the deal, including the contract that gave Schwarzenegger at least $1 million a year, was made public in 2005, many criticized it as being a conflict of interest since the governor’s office made decisions concerning regulation of dietary supplements in California.[44] Consequently, Schwarzenegger relinquished the executive editor role in 2005.[44] American Media Inc., which owns Muscle & Fitness and Flex, announced in March 2013 that Schwarzenegger had accepted their renewed offer to be executive editor of the magazines.[44]

One of the first competitions he won was the Junior Mr. Europe contest in 1965.[13] He won Mr. Europe the following year, at age 19.[13][25] He would go on to compete in many bodybuilding contests, and win most of them. His bodybuilding victories included five Mr. Universe wins (4 – NABBA [England], 1 – IFBB [USA]), and seven Mr. Olympia wins, a record which would stand until Lee Haney won his eighth consecutive Mr. Olympia title in 1991.

Schwarzenegger continues to work out. When asked about his personal training during the 2011 Arnold Classic he said that he was still working out a half an hour with weights every day.[45]

Powerlifting/weightlifting

During Schwarzenegger’s early years in bodybuilding, he also competed in several Olympic weightlifting and powerlifting contests. Schwarzenegger’s first professional competition was in 1963[46] and he won two weightlifting contests in 1964 and 1965, as well as two powerlifting contests in 1966 and 1968.[43]

In 1967, Schwarzenegger won the Munich stone-lifting contest, in which a stone weighing 508 German pounds (254 kg / 560 lb) is lifted between the legs while standing on two footrests.

Personal records

  • Clean and press – 264 lb (120 kg)[43]
  • Snatch – 243 lb (110 kg)[43]
  • Clean and jerk – 298 lb (135 kg)[43]
  • Squat – 545 lb (247 kg)[43]
  • Bench press – 520 lb (240 kg)[47][48]
  • Deadlift – 683 lb (310 kg)[43]

Schwarzenegger, pictured with 1987 world champion American Karyn Marshall, presenting awards at the USA Weightlifting Hall of Fame in 2011 in Columbus, Ohio

Mr. Olympia

Schwarzenegger’s goal was to become the greatest bodybuilder in the world, which meant becoming Mr. Olympia.[13][25] His first attempt was in 1969, when he lost to three-time champion Sergio Oliva. However, Schwarzenegger came back in 1970 and won the competition, making him the youngest ever Mr. Olympia at the age of 23, a record he still holds to this day.[25]

He continued his winning streak in the 1971–1974 competitions.[25] He also toured different countries selling vitamins, as in Helsinki, Finland in 1972, when he lived at the YMCA Hotel Hospiz (nowadays Hotel Arthur[49]) on Vuorikatu and presented vitamin pills at the Stockmann shopping center.[50][51] In 1975, Schwarzenegger was once again in top form, and won the title for the sixth consecutive time,[25] beating Franco Columbu. After the 1975 Mr. Olympia contest, Schwarzenegger announced his retirement from professional bodybuilding.[25]

Months before the 1975 Mr. Olympia contest, filmmakers George Butler and Robert Fiore persuaded Schwarzenegger to compete and film his training in the bodybuilding documentary called Pumping Iron. Schwarzenegger had only three months to prepare for the competition, after losing significant weight to appear in the film Stay Hungry with Jeff Bridges. Although significantly taller and heavier, Lou Ferrigno proved not to be a threat, and a lighter-than-usual Schwarzenegger convincingly won the 1975 Mr. Olympia.

Schwarzenegger came out of retirement, however, to compete in the 1980 Mr. Olympia.[13] Schwarzenegger was training for his role in Conan, and he got into such good shape because of the running, horseback riding and sword training, that he decided he wanted to win the Mr. Olympia contest one last time. He kept this plan a secret in the event that a training accident would prevent his entry and cause him to lose face. Schwarzenegger had been hired to provide color commentary for network television when he announced at the eleventh hour that, while he was there, «Why not compete?» Schwarzenegger ended up winning the event with only seven weeks of preparation. Having been declared Mr. Olympia for a seventh time, Schwarzenegger then officially retired from competition. This victory (subject of the documentary The Comeback) was highly controversial, though, as fellow competitors and many observers felt that his lack of muscle mass (especially in his thighs) and subpar conditioning should have precluded him from winning against a very competitive lineup that year.[6][52] Mike Mentzer, in particular, felt cheated and withdrew from competitive bodybuilding after that contest.[53][52]

Steroid use

Schwarzenegger has acknowledged using performance-enhancing anabolic steroids while they were legal, writing in 1977 that «steroids were helpful to me in maintaining muscle size while on a strict diet in preparation for a contest. I did not use them for muscle growth, but rather for muscle maintenance when cutting up.»[54] He has called the drugs «tissue building».[55]

In 1999, Schwarzenegger sued Willi Heepe, a German doctor who publicly predicted his early death on the basis of a link between his steroid use and later heart problems. Since the doctor never examined him personally, Schwarzenegger collected a US$10,000 libel judgment against him in a German court.[56] In 1999, Schwarzenegger also sued and settled with Globe, a U.S. tabloid which had made similar predictions about the bodybuilder’s future health.[57]

List of competitions

Statistics

  • Height: 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m)
  • Contest weight: 235 lb (107 kg)—the lightest in 1980 Mr. Olympia: around 225 lb (102 kg), the heaviest in 1974 Mr. Olympia: around 250 lb (110 kg)[59]
  • Off-season weight: 260 lb (118 kg)
  • Chest: 57 in (1,400 mm)
  • Waist: 33 in (840 mm)
  • Arms: 22 in (560 mm)
  • Thighs: 29.5 in (750 mm)
  • Calves: 20 in (510 mm)[60]

Acting career

Early roles

Schwarzenegger wanted to move from bodybuilding into acting, finally achieving it when he was chosen to play the title role in Hercules in New York (1970). Credited under the stage name «Arnold Strong», his accent in the film was so thick that his lines were dubbed after production.[24] His second film appearance was as a mob hitman in The Long Goodbye (1973), which was followed by a much more significant part in the film Stay Hungry (1976), for which he won the Golden Globe Award for New Star of the Year – Actor. Schwarzenegger has discussed his early struggles in developing his acting career: «It was very difficult for me in the beginning – I was told by agents and casting people that my body was ‘too weird’, that I had a funny accent, and that my name was too long. You name it, and they told me I had to change it. Basically, everywhere I turned, I was told that I had no chance.»[18]

Schwarzenegger drew attention and boosted his profile in the bodybuilding film Pumping Iron (1977),[7][24] elements of which were dramatized. In 1991, he purchased the rights to the film, its outtakes, and associated still photography.[61] In 1977, he made guest appearances in single episodes of the ABC sitcom The San Pedro Beach Bums and the ABC police procedural The Streets of San Francisco. Schwarzenegger auditioned for the title role of The Incredible Hulk, but did not win the role because of his height. Later, Lou Ferrigno got the part of Dr. David Banner’s alter ego. Schwarzenegger appeared with Kirk Douglas and Ann-Margret in the 1979 comedy The Villain. In 1980, he starred in a biographical film of the 1950s actress Jayne Mansfield as Mansfield’s husband, Mickey Hargitay.

Action superstar

Schwarzenegger’s breakthrough film was the sword and sorcery epic Conan the Barbarian in 1982, which was a box-office hit.[7] This was followed by a sequel, Conan the Destroyer, in 1984, although it was not as successful as its predecessor.[62] In 1983, Schwarzenegger starred in the promotional video Carnival in Rio.[63] In 1984, he made his first appearance as the eponymous character in James Cameron’s science fiction action film The Terminator.[7][24][64] It has been called his acting career’s signature role.[65] Following this, Schwarzenegger made another sword and sorcery film, Red Sonja, in 1985.[62] During the 1980s, audiences had an appetite for action films, with both Schwarzenegger and Sylvester Stallone becoming international stars.[24] During the Schwarzenegger-Stallone rivalry they attacked each other in the press, and tried to surpass the other with more on-screen killings and larger weapons.[66] Schwarzenegger’s roles reflected his sense of humor, separating him from more serious action hero films. He made a number of successful action films in the 1980s, such as Commando (1985), Raw Deal (1986), The Running Man (1987), Predator (1987), and Red Heat (1988).

Twins (1988), a comedy with Danny DeVito, also proved successful. Total Recall (1990) netted Schwarzenegger $10 million (equivalent to $20.7 million today) and 15% of the film’s gross. A science fiction script, the film was based on the Philip K. Dick short story «We Can Remember It for You Wholesale». Kindergarten Cop (1990) reunited him with director Ivan Reitman, who directed him in Twins. Schwarzenegger had a brief foray into directing, first with a 1990 episode of the TV series Tales from the Crypt, entitled «The Switch»,[67] and then with the 1992 telemovie Christmas in Connecticut.[68] He has not directed since.

Schwarzenegger’s commercial peak was his return as the title character in Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991), which was the highest-grossing film of the year. Film critic Roger Ebert commented that «Schwarzenegger’s genius as a movie star is to find roles that build on, rather than undermine, his physical and vocal characteristics.»[69] In 1993, the National Association of Theatre Owners named him the «International Star of the Decade».[13] His next film project, the 1993 self-aware action comedy spoof Last Action Hero, was released opposite Jurassic Park, and did not do well at the box office. His next film, the comedy drama True Lies (1994), was a popular spy film and saw Schwarzenegger reunited with James Cameron.

That same year, the comedy Junior was released, the last of Schwarzenegger’s three collaborations with Ivan Reitman and again co-starring Danny DeVito. This film brought him his second Golden Globe nomination, this time for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy. It was followed by the action thriller Eraser (1996), the Christmas comedy Jingle All The Way (1996), and the comic book-based Batman & Robin (1997), in which he played the villain Mr. Freeze. This was his final film before taking time to recuperate from a back injury. Following the critical failure of Batman & Robin, his film career and box office prominence went into decline. He returned with the supernatural thriller End of Days (1999), later followed by the action films The 6th Day (2000) and Collateral Damage (2002), both of which failed to do well at the box office. In 2003, he made his third appearance as the title character in Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines, which went on to earn over $150 million domestically (equivalent to $221 million today).[70]

Arnold Schwarzenegger’s star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame

In tribute to Schwarzenegger in 2002, Forum Stadtpark, a local cultural association, proposed plans to build a 25-meter-tall (80 ft) Terminator statue in a park in central Graz. Schwarzenegger reportedly said he was flattered, but thought the money would be better spent on social projects and the Special Olympics.[71]

Retirement

His film appearances after becoming Governor of California included a three-second cameo appearance in The Rundown and the 2004 remake of Around the World in 80 Days. In 2005, he appeared as himself in the film The Kid & I. He voiced Baron von Steuben in the Liberty’s Kids episode «Valley Forge». He had been rumored to be appearing in Terminator Salvation as the original T-800; he denied his involvement,[72] but he ultimately did appear briefly via his image being inserted into the movie from stock footage of the first Terminator movie.[73][74] Schwarzenegger appeared in Sylvester Stallone’s The Expendables, where he made a cameo appearance.

Return to acting

In January 2011, just weeks after leaving office in California, Schwarzenegger announced that he was reading several new scripts for future films, one of them being the World War II action drama With Wings as Eagles, written by Randall Wallace, based on a true story.[75][76]

On March 6, 2011, at the Arnold Seminar of the Arnold Classic, Schwarzenegger revealed that he was being considered for several films, including sequels to The Terminator and remakes of Predator and The Running Man, and that he was «packaging» a comic book character.[77] The character was later revealed to be the Governator, star of the comic book and animated series of the same name. Schwarzenegger inspired the character and co-developed it with Stan Lee, who would have produced the series. Schwarzenegger would have voiced the Governator.[78][79][80][81]

On May 20, 2011, Schwarzenegger’s entertainment counsel announced that all film projects currently in development were being halted: «Schwarzenegger is focusing on personal matters and is not willing to commit to any production schedules or timelines.»[82] On July 11, 2011, it was announced that Schwarzenegger was considering a comeback film, despite legal problems related to his divorce.[83] He starred in The Expendables 2 (2012) as Trench Mauser,[84] and starred in The Last Stand (2013), his first leading role in 10 years, and Escape Plan (2013), his first co-starring role alongside Sylvester Stallone. He starred in Sabotage, released in March 2014, and returned as Trench Mauser in The Expendables 3, released in August 2014. He starred in the fifth Terminator film Terminator Genisys in 2015,[7][24][64][85] and would reprise his role as Conan the Barbarian in The Legend of Conan,[86][87] later renamed Conan the Conqueror.[88] However, in April 2017, producer Chris Morgan stated that Universal had dropped the project, although there was a possibility of a TV show. The story of the film was supposed to be set 30 years after the first, with some inspiration from Clint Eastwood’s Unforgiven.[89]

In August 2016, his filming of action-comedy Killing Gunther was temporarily interrupted by bank robbers near the filming location in Surrey, British Columbia.[90] The film was released in September 2017. He was announced to star and produce in a film about the ruins of Sanxingdui called The Guest of Sanxingdui as an ambassador.[91]

On February 6, 2018, Amazon Studios announced they were working with Schwarzenegger to develop a new series entitled Outrider in which he will star and executive produce. The western-drama set in the Oklahoma Indian Territory in the late 19th century will follow a deputy (portrayed by Schwarzenegger) who is tasked with apprehending a legendary outlaw in the wilderness, but is forced to partner with a ruthless Federal Marshal to make sure justice is properly served. The series will also mark as Schwarzenegger’s first major scripted TV role.[92]

Schwarzenegger returned to the Terminator franchise with Terminator: Dark Fate, which was released on November 1, 2019. It was produced by the series’ co-creator James Cameron, who directed him previously in the first two films in the series and in True Lies.[93][94] It was shot in Almería, Hungary and the US.[95]

The Celebrity Apprentice

In September 2015, the media announced that Schwarzenegger was to replace Donald Trump as host of The New Celebrity Apprentice.[96] This show, the 15th season of The Apprentice, aired during the 2016–2017 TV season. In the show, he used the phrases «you’re terminated» and «get to the choppa», which are quotes from some of his famous roles (The Terminator and Predator, respectively), when firing the contestants.[97][98]

In March 2017, following repeated criticisms from Trump, Schwarzenegger announced that he would not return for another season on the show. He also reacted to Trump’s remarks in January 2017 via Instagram: «Hey, Donald, I have a great idea. Why don’t we switch jobs? You take over TV because you’re such an expert in ratings, and I take over your job, and then people can finally sleep comfortably again.»[99]

Political career

Early politics

Schwarzenegger has been a registered Republican for many years. When he was an actor, his political views were always well known as they contrasted with those of many other prominent Hollywood stars, who are generally considered to be a left-wing and Democratic-leaning community. At the 2004 Republican National Convention, Schwarzenegger gave a speech and explained that he was a Republican because he believed the Democrats of the 1960s sounded too much like Austrian socialists.[100]

I finally arrived here in 1968. What a special day it was. I remember I arrived here with empty pockets but full of dreams, full of determination, full of desire. The presidential campaign was in full swing. I remember watching the Nixon–Humphrey presidential race on TV. A friend of mine who spoke German and English translated for me. I heard Humphrey saying things that sounded like socialism, which I had just left.
But then I heard Nixon speak. He was talking about free enterprise, getting the government off your back, lowering the taxes and strengthening the military. Listening to Nixon speak sounded more like a breath of fresh air. I said to my friend, I said, «What party is he?» My friend said, «He’s a Republican.» I said, «Then I am a Republican.» And I have been a Republican ever since.

Arnold Schwarzenegger on Capitol Hill in 1991 for an event related to the President’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports

In 1985, Schwarzenegger appeared in «Stop the Madness», an anti-drug music video sponsored by the Reagan administration. He first came to wide public notice as a Republican during the 1988 presidential election, accompanying then–Vice President George H. W. Bush at a campaign rally.[101]

Schwarzenegger famously introduced the first episode of the 1990 Milton Friedman hosted PBS series Free to Choose stating:

I truly believe that the series has changed my life, and when you have such a powerful experience as that, I think you shouldn’t keep it to yourself, so I wanted to share it with you. Being ‘Free to choose’ for me means being free to make your own decisions, free to live your own life, pursue your own goals, chase your own rainbow without the government breathing down on your neck or standing on your shoes. For me that meant coming here to America, because I came from a socialistic country where the government controls the economy. It’s a place where you can hear 18-year-old kids already talking about their pension. But me, I wanted more. I wanted to be the best. Individualism like that is incompatible with socialism. So I felt I had to come to America.[102][103]

Schwarzenegger goes on to tell of how he and his then wife Maria Shriver were in Palm Springs preparing to play a game of mixed doubles when Milton Friedman’s famous show came on the television. Schwarzenegger recalls that while watching Friedman’s Free to Choose, Schwarzenegger, «…recognized Friedman from the study of my own degree in economics, but I didn’t know I was watching Free to Choose… it knocked me out. Dr. Friedman expressed, validated and explained everything I ever thought or experienced or observed about the way the economy works, and I guess I was really ready to hear it.»[103] Numerous critics state that Schwarzenegger strayed from much of Friedman’s economic ways of thinking in later years, especially upon being elected Governor of California from 2003 through 2011.[104][105]

Schwarzenegger’s first political appointment was as chairman of the President’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports, on which he served from 1990 to 1993.[13] He was nominated by the then-President Bush, who dubbed him «Conan the Republican». He later served as chairman for the California Governor’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports under Governor Pete Wilson.

Between 1993 and 1994, Schwarzenegger was a Red Cross ambassador (a ceremonial role fulfilled by celebrities), recording several television and radio public service announcements to donate blood.

In an interview with Talk magazine in late 1999, Schwarzenegger was asked if he thought of running for office. He replied, «I think about it many times. The possibility is there because I feel it inside.» The Hollywood Reporter claimed shortly after that Schwarzenegger sought to end speculation that he might run for governor of California. Following his initial comments, Schwarzenegger said, «I’m in show business – I am in the middle of my career. Why would I go away from that and jump into something else?»[106]

Governor of California

Schwarzenegger’s official portrait as Governor of California, 2003

Schwarzenegger announced his candidacy in the 2003 California recall election for Governor of California on the August 6, 2003, episode of The Tonight Show with Jay Leno.[24] Schwarzenegger had the most name recognition in a crowded field of candidates, but he had never held public office and his political views were unknown to most Californians. His candidacy immediately became national and international news, with media outlets dubbing him the «Governator» (referring to The Terminator movies, see above) and «The Running Man» (the name of another one of his films), and calling the recall election «Total Recall» (yet another movie starring Schwarzenegger). Schwarzenegger declined to participate in several debates with other recall replacement candidates, and appeared in only one debate on September 24, 2003.[107]

President George W. Bush meets with Schwarzenegger after his successful election to the California Governorship.

On October 7, 2003, the recall election resulted in Governor Gray Davis being removed from office with 55.4% of the Yes vote in favor of a recall. Schwarzenegger was elected Governor of California under the second question on the ballot with 48.6% of the vote to choose a successor to Davis. Schwarzenegger defeated Democrat Cruz Bustamante, fellow Republican Tom McClintock, and others. His nearest rival, Bustamante, received 31% of the vote. In total, Schwarzenegger won the election by about 1.3 million votes. Under the regulations of the California Constitution, no runoff election was required. Schwarzenegger was the second foreign-born governor of California after Irish-born Governor John G. Downey in 1862.

Schwarzenegger is a moderate Republican.[108] He says he is fiscally conservative and socially liberal.[109] On the issue of abortion, he describes himself as pro-choice, but supports parental notification for minors and a ban on partial-birth abortion.[110] He has supported gay rights, such as domestic partnerships, and he performed a same-sex marriage as governor.[111] However, Schwarzenegger vetoed bills that would have legalized same-sex marriage in California in 2005 and 2007.[112][113] He additionally vetoed two bills that would have implemented a single-payer health care system in California in 2006[114][115] and 2008,[116] respectively.

Schwarzenegger was entrenched in what he considered to be his mandate in cleaning up political gridlock. Building on a catchphrase from the sketch «Hans and Franz» from Saturday Night Live (which partly parodied his bodybuilding career), Schwarzenegger called the Democratic State politicians «girlie men».[117]

Arnold Schwarzenegger in June 2010

Schwarzenegger’s early victories included repealing an unpopular increase in the vehicle registration fee as well as preventing driver’s licenses from being given out to illegal immigrants, but later he began to feel the backlash when powerful state unions began to oppose his various initiatives. Key among his reckoning with political realities was a special election he called in November 2005, in which four ballot measures he sponsored were defeated. Schwarzenegger accepted personal responsibility for the defeats and vowed to continue to seek consensus for the people of California. He would later comment that «no one could win if the opposition raised 160 million dollars to defeat you». The U.S. Supreme Court later found the public employee unions’ use of compulsory fundraising during the campaign had been illegal in Knox v. Service Employees International Union, Local 1000.[118]

Schwarzenegger, against the advice of fellow Republican strategists, appointed a Democrat, Susan Kennedy, as his Chief of Staff. He gradually moved towards a more politically moderate position, determined to build a winning legacy with only a short time to go until the next gubernatorial election.

Schwarzenegger ran for re-election against Democrat Phil Angelides, the California State Treasurer, in the 2006 elections, held on November 7, 2006. Despite a poor year nationally for the Republican party, Schwarzenegger won re-election with 56.0% of the vote compared with 38.9% for Angelides, a margin of well over 1 million votes.[119] Around this time, many commentators saw Schwarzenegger as moving away from the right and towards the center of the political spectrum. After hearing a speech by Schwarzenegger at the 2006 Martin Luther King Jr. Day breakfast, in which Schwarzenegger said, in part «How wrong I was when I said everyone has an equal opportunity to make it in America […] the state of California does not provide (equal) education for all of our children», San Francisco mayor & future governor of California Gavin Newsom said that «[H]e’s becoming a Democrat [… H]e’s running back, not even to the center. I would say center-left».[120]

Some speculated that Schwarzenegger might run for the United States Senate in 2010, as his governorship would be term-limited by that time. Such rumors turned out to be false.[121][122]

Wendy Leigh, who wrote an unofficial biography on Schwarzenegger, claims he plotted his political rise from an early age using the movie business and bodybuilding as the means to escape a depressing home.[20] Leigh portrays Schwarzenegger as obsessed with power and quotes him as saying, «I wanted to be part of the small percentage of people who were leaders, not the large mass of followers. I think it is because I saw leaders use 100% of their potential – I was always fascinated by people in control of other people.»[20] Schwarzenegger has said that it was never his intention to enter politics, but he says, «I married into a political family. You get together with them and you hear about policy, about reaching out to help people. I was exposed to the idea of being a public servant and Eunice and Sargent Shriver became my heroes.»[36] Eunice Kennedy Shriver was the sister of John F. Kennedy, and mother-in-law to Schwarzenegger; Sargent Shriver is husband to Eunice and father-in-law to Schwarzenegger.

Schwarzenegger cannot run for U.S. president as he is not a natural-born citizen of the United States. Schwarzenegger is a dual Austrian and United States citizen.[123] He has held Austrian citizenship since birth and U.S. citizenship since becoming naturalized in 1983. Being Austrian and thus European, he was able to win the 2007 European Voice campaigner of the year award for taking action against climate change with the California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 and plans to introduce an emissions trading scheme with other US states and possibly with the EU.[124]

Because of his personal wealth from his acting career, Schwarzenegger did not accept his governor’s salary of $175,000 per year.[125]

Schwarzenegger’s endorsement in the Republican primary of the 2008 U.S. presidential election was highly sought; despite being good friends with candidates Rudy Giuliani and Senator John McCain, Schwarzenegger remained neutral throughout 2007 and early 2008. Giuliani dropped out of the presidential race on January 30, 2008, largely because of a poor showing in Florida, and endorsed McCain. Later that night, Schwarzenegger was in the audience at a Republican debate at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library in California. The following day, he endorsed McCain, joking, «It’s Rudy’s fault!» (in reference to his friendships with both candidates and that he could not make up his mind). Schwarzenegger’s endorsement was thought to be a boost for Senator McCain’s campaign; both spoke about their concerns for the environment and economy.[126]

In its April 2010 report, Progressive ethics watchdog group Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington named Schwarzenegger one of 11 «worst governors» in the United States because of various ethics issues throughout Schwarzenegger’s term as governor.[127][128]

Governor Schwarzenegger played a significant role in opposing Proposition 66, a proposed amendment of the Californian Three Strikes Law, in November 2004. This amendment would have required the third felony to be either violent or serious to mandate a 25-years-to-life sentence. In the last week before the ballot, Schwarzenegger launched an intense campaign[129] against Proposition 66.[130] He stated that «it would release 26,000 dangerous criminals and rapists».[131]

Although he began his tenure as governor with record high approval ratings (as high as 65% in May 2004),[132] he left office with a record low 23%,[133] only one percent higher than that of Gray Davis, when he was recalled in October 2003.

Death of Luis Santos

In May 2010, Esteban Núñez pleaded guilty to voluntary manslaughter and was sentenced to 16 years in prison for the death of Luis Santos. Núñez is the son of Fabian Núñez, then California Assembly Speaker of the House and a close friend and staunch political ally of then governor Schwarzenegger.[134][135][136][137]

As a personal favor to «a friend», just hours before he left office, and as one of his last official acts, Schwarzenegger commuted Núñez’s sentence by more than half, to seven years.[136][138][139] He believed that Núñez’s sentence was «excessive» in comparison with the same prison term imposed on Ryan Jett, the man who fatally stabbed Santos.[140] Against protocol, Schwarzenegger did not inform Santos’ family or the San Diego County prosecutors about the commutation. They learned about it in a call from a reporter.[139]

The Santos family, along with the San Diego district attorney, sued to stop the commutation, claiming that it violated Marsy’s Law. In September 2012, Sacramento County superior court judge Lloyd Connelly stated, «Based on the evidentiary records before this court involving this case, there was an abuse of discretion…This was a distasteful commutation. It was repugnant to the bulk of the citizenry of this state.» However, Connelly ruled that Schwarzenegger remained within his executive powers as governor.[134] Subsequently, as a direct result of the way the commutation was handled, Governor Jerry Brown signed a bipartisan bill that allows offenders’ victims and their families to be notified at least 10 days before any commutations.[141] Núñez was released from prison after serving less than six years.[142]

Drug use and allegations of sexual misconduct

During his initial campaign for governor in 2003, allegations of sexual and personal misconduct were raised against Schwarzenegger.[143] Within the last five days before the election, news reports appeared in the Los Angeles Times recounting decades-old allegations of sexual misconduct from six individual women.[144][143] Schwarzenegger responded to the allegations in 2004 admitting that he has «behaved badly sometimes» and apologized, but also stated that «a lot of [what] you see in the stories is not true».[145] One of the women who came forward was British television personality Anna Richardson, who settled a libel lawsuit in August 2006 against Schwarzenegger; his top aide, Sean Walsh; and his publicist, Sheryl Main.[146] A joint statement read: «The parties are content to put this matter behind them and are pleased that this legal dispute has now been settled.»[146][147]

During this time a 1977 interview in adult magazine Oui gained attention, in which Schwarzenegger discussed using substances such as marijuana.[148] Schwarzenegger is shown smoking a marijuana joint after winning Mr. Olympia in 1975 in the documentary film Pumping Iron (1977). In an interview with GQ magazine in October 2007, Schwarzenegger said, «[Marijuana] is not a drug. It’s a leaf. My drug was pumping iron, trust me.»[149] His spokesperson later said the comment was meant to be a joke.[149]

Citizenship

Schwarzenegger became a naturalized U.S. citizen on September 17, 1983.[150] Shortly before he gained his citizenship, he asked the Austrian authorities for the right to keep his Austrian citizenship, as Austria does not usually allow dual citizenship. His request was granted, and he retained his Austrian citizenship.[151] In 2005, Peter Pilz, a member of the Austrian Parliament from the Austrian Green Party, unsuccessfully advocated for Parliament to revoke Schwarzenegger’s Austrian citizenship due to his decision not to prevent the executions of Donald Beardslee and Stanley Williams. Pilz argued that Schwarzenegger caused damage to Austria’s reputation in the international community because Austria abolished the death penalty in 1968. Pilz based his argument on Article 33 of the Austrian Citizenship Act, which states: «A citizen, who is in the public service of a foreign country, shall be deprived of his citizenship if he heavily damages the reputation or the interests of the Austrian Republic.»[123] Pilz claimed that Schwarzenegger’s actions in support of the death penalty (prohibited in Austria under Protocol 13 of the European Convention on Human Rights) had damaged Austria’s reputation. Schwarzenegger explained his actions by pointing out that his only duty as Governor of California with respect to the death penalty was to correct an error by the justice system by pardon or clemency if such an error had occurred.

Environmental record

On September 27, 2006, Schwarzenegger signed the Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006, creating the nation’s first cap on greenhouse gas emissions. The law set new regulations on the amount of emissions utilities, refineries, and manufacturing plants are allowed to release into the atmosphere. Schwarzenegger also signed a second global warming bill that prohibits large utilities and corporations in California from making long-term contracts with suppliers who do not meet the state’s greenhouse gas emission standards. The two bills are part of a plan to reduce California’s emissions by 25 percent to 1990s levels by 2020. In 2005, Schwarzenegger issued an executive order calling to reduce greenhouse gases to 80 percent below 1990 levels by 2050.[152]

Schwarzenegger signed another executive order on October 17, 2006, allowing California to work with the Northeast’s Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative. They plan to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by issuing a limited amount of carbon credits to each power plant in participating states. Any power plants that exceed emissions for the number of carbon credits will have to purchase more credits to cover the difference. The plan took effect in 2009.[153] In addition to using his political power to fight global warming, the governor has taken steps at his home to reduce his personal carbon footprint. Schwarzenegger has adapted one of his Hummers to run on hydrogen and another to run on biofuels. He has also installed solar panels to heat his home.[154]

In respect for his contribution to the direction of the US motor industry, Schwarzenegger was invited to open the 2009 SAE World Congress in Detroit on April 20, 2009.[155]

In 2011, Schwarzenegger founded the R20 Regions of Climate Action to develop a sustainable, low-carbon economy.[156] In 2017, he joined French President Emmanuel Macron in calling for the adoption of a Global Pact for the Environment.[157]
In 2017, Schwarzenegger launched the Austrian World Summit,[158] an international climate conference that is held annually in Vienna, Austria. The Austrian World Summit is organized by the Schwarzenegger Climate Initiative and aims is to bring together representatives from politics, civil society and business to create a broad alliance for climate protection and to identify concrete solutions to the climate crisis.

Electoral history

Presidential ambitions

Presidential aspirations by the Austrian-born Schwarzenegger would be blocked by a constitutional hurdle; Article II, Section I, Clause V prevents individuals who are not natural-born citizens of the United States from assuming the office. The Equal Opportunity to Govern Amendment in 2003 was widely accredited as the «Amend for Arnold» bill, which would have added an amendment to the U.S. Constitution allowing his run. In 2004, the «Amend for Arnold» campaign was launched, featuring a website and TV advertising promotion.[159][160]

In June 2007, Schwarzenegger was featured on the cover of Time magazine with Michael Bloomberg, and subsequently, the two joked about a presidential ticket together.[161][162]

In October 2013, the New York Post reported that Schwarzenegger was exploring a future run for president. At the time he had reportedly been lobbying legislators about a possible constitutional change, or filing a legal challenge to the requirement that presidents be native-born. Columbia University law professor Michael Dorf observed that Schwarzenegger’s possible lawsuit could ultimately win him the right to run for the office, noting, «The law is very clear, but it’s not 100 percent clear that the courts would enforce that law rather than leave it to the political process.»[163][better source needed]

Business career

Schwarzenegger has had a highly successful business career.[20][36] Following his move to the United States, Schwarzenegger became a «prolific goal setter» and would write his objectives at the start of the year on index cards, like starting a mail order business or buying a new car – and succeed in doing so.[30] By the age of 25, Schwarzenegger was a millionaire, well before his career in Hollywood. His financial independence came from his success as a budding entrepreneur with a series of lucrative business ventures and real estate investments.[164]

Bricklaying business, bodybuilding, and fitness mail order

In 1968, Schwarzenegger and fellow bodybuilder Franco Columbu started a bricklaying business. The business flourished thanks to the pair’s marketing savvy and an increased demand following the 1971 San Fernando earthquake.[165][166] Schwarzenegger and Columbu used profits from their bricklaying venture to start a mail-order business that sold bodybuilding- and fitness-related equipment and instructional tapes.[13][165]

Investments

Schwarzenegger transferred profits from the mail-order business and his bodybuilding-competition winnings into his first real estate investment venture: an apartment building he purchased for $10,000. He would later go on to invest in a number of real estate holding companies.[167][168]

Stallone and Schwarzenegger ended their longtime rivalry by both investing in the Planet Hollywood[66] chain of international theme restaurants (modeled after the Hard Rock Cafe) along with Bruce Willis and Demi Moore. However, Schwarzenegger severed his financial ties with the business in early 2000.[169][170] Schwarzenegger said the company did not have the success he had hoped for, claiming he wanted to focus his attention on «new US global business ventures» and his movie career.[169]

Schwarzenegger also invested in a shopping mall in Columbus, Ohio. He has talked about some of those who have helped him over the years in business: «I couldn’t have learned about business without a parade of teachers guiding me… from Milton Friedman to Donald Trump… and now, Les Wexner and Warren Buffett. I even learned a thing or two from Planet Hollywood, such as when to get out! And I did!»[26] He has significant ownership in Dimensional Fund Advisors, an investment firm.[171] Schwarzenegger is also the owner of Arnold’s Sports Festival, which he started in 1989 and is held annually in Columbus, Ohio. It is a festival that hosts thousands of international health and fitness professionals which has also expanded into a three-day expo. He also owns a movie production company called Oak Productions, Inc. and Fitness Publications, a joint publishing venture with Simon & Schuster.[172]

In 2018, Schwarzenegger partnered with LeBron James to found Ladder, a company that developed nutritional supplements to help athletes with severe cramps. The duo sold Ladder to Openfit for an undisclosed amount in 2020 after reporting more than $4 million in sales for that year.[173]

Restaurant

In 1992, Schwarzenegger and his wife opened a restaurant in Santa Monica called Schatzi On Main. Schatzi literally means «little treasure,» and colloquially «honey» or «darling» in German. In 1998, he sold his restaurant.[174]

Wealth

Schwarzenegger’s net worth had been conservatively estimated at $100 million to $200 million.[175] After separating from his wife, Maria Shriver, in 2011, it was estimated that his net worth had been approximately $400 million, and even as high as $800 million, based on tax returns he filed in 2006.[176] Over the years, he invested his bodybuilding and film earnings in an array of stocks, bonds, privately controlled companies, and real estate holdings worldwide, making his net worth difficult to accurately estimate, particularly in light of declining real estate values owing to economic recessions in the U.S. and Europe since the late 2000s. In June 1997, he spent $38 million of his own money on a private Gulfstream jet.[177] He once quipped, «Money doesn’t make you happy. I now have $50 million, but I was just as happy when I had $48 million.»[20]

Commercial advertisements

He appears in a series of commercials for the Machine Zone game Mobile Strike as a military commander and spokesman.[178]

Personal life

Early relationships

In 1969, Schwarzenegger met Barbara Outland (later Barbara Outland Baker), an English teacher with whom he lived until 1974.[179] Schwarzenegger said of Baker in his 1977 memoir, «Basically it came down to this: she was a well-balanced woman who wanted an ordinary, solid life, and I was not a well-balanced man, and hated the very idea of ordinary life.»[179] Baker has described Schwarzenegger as a «joyful personality, totally charismatic, adventurous, and athletic» but claims that towards the end of the relationship he became «insufferable—classically conceited—the world revolved around him».[180] Baker published her memoir in 2006, entitled Arnold and Me: In the Shadow of the Austrian Oak.[181] Although Baker painted an unflattering portrait of her former lover at times, Schwarzenegger actually contributed to the tell-all book with a foreword, and also met with Baker for three hours.[181]

Baker claims that she only learned of his being unfaithful after they split, and talks of a turbulent and passionate love life.[181] Schwarzenegger has made it clear that their respective recollection of events can differ.[181] The couple first met six to eight months after his arrival in the U.S. Their first date was watching the first Apollo Moon landing on television.[30] They shared an apartment in Santa Monica, California, for three and a half years, and having little money, they would visit the beach all day or have barbecues in the back yard.[30] Although Baker claims that when she first met Schwarzenegger, he had «little understanding of polite society» and she found him a turn-off, she says, «He’s as much a self-made man as it’s possible to be—he never got encouragement from his parents, his family, his brother. He just had this huge determination to prove himself, and that was very attractive … I’ll go to my grave knowing Arnold loved me.»[30]

Schwarzenegger met his next lover, Beverly Hills hairdresser’s assistant Sue Moray, on Venice Beach in July 1977. According to Moray, the couple led an open relationship: «We were faithful when we were both in LA… but when he was out of town, we were free to do whatever we wanted.»[21] Schwarzenegger met television journalist Maria Shriver, niece of President John F. Kennedy, at the Robert F. Kennedy Tennis Tournament in August 1977. He went on to have a relationship with both Moray and Shriver until August 1978 when Moray (who knew of his relationship with Shriver) issued an ultimatum.[21]

Marriage and family

On April 26, 1986, Schwarzenegger married Shriver in Hyannis, Massachusetts.[182] They have four children, including Katherine Schwarzenegger and Patrick Schwarzenegger.[183][184][185] All of their children were born in Los Angeles.[186] The family lived in an 11,000-square-foot (1,000 m2) home in the Brentwood neighborhood of Los Angeles, California,[187][188] with vacation homes in Sun Valley, Idaho, and Hyannis Port, Massachusetts.[189] They attended St. Monica’s Catholic Church.[190]

Divorce

On May 9, 2011, Shriver and Schwarzenegger ended their relationship after 25 years of marriage with Shriver moving out of their Brentwood mansion.[191][192][193] On May 16, 2011, the Los Angeles Times revealed that Schwarzenegger had fathered a son more than 14 years earlier with an employee in their household, Mildred Patricia «Patty» Baena.[194][195][196] «After leaving the governor’s office I told my wife about this event, which occurred over a decade ago,» Schwarzenegger said to the Times. In the statement, Schwarzenegger did not mention that he had confessed to his wife only after she had confronted him with the information, which she had done after confirming with the housekeeper what she had suspected about the child.[197]

Baena is of Guatemalan origin. She was employed by the family for 20 years and retired in January 2011.[198] The pregnant Baena was working in the home while Shriver was pregnant with the youngest of the couple’s four children.[199] Baena’s son with Schwarzenegger was born days after Shriver gave birth.[200][201] Schwarzenegger said that it took seven or eight years before he found out that he had fathered a child with his housekeeper. It was not until the boy «started looking like [him] … that [he] put things together».[202] Schwarzenegger has taken financial responsibility for the child «from the start and continued to provide support».[203] KNX 1070 radio reported that, in 2010, he bought a new four-bedroom house with a pool for Baena and their son in Bakersfield, California.[204] Baena separated from her husband, Rogelio, a few months after Joseph’s birth. She filed for divorce in 2008.[205] Rogelio said that the child’s birth certificate was falsified and that he planned to sue Schwarzenegger for engaging in conspiracy to falsify a public document, a serious crime in California.[206]

Pursuant to the divorce judgment, Schwarzenegger kept the Brentwood home, while Shriver purchased a new home nearby so that the children could travel between their parents’ homes. They shared custody of the two youngest children.[207] Schwarzenegger came under fire after the initial petition did not include spousal support and a reimbursement of attorney’s fees.[86] However, he claims this was not intentional and that he signed the initial documents without having properly read them.[86] He filed amended divorce papers remedying this.[86][208] Schwarzenegger and Shriver finalized their divorce in 2021, ten years after separating.[209][210]

In June 2022, a jury ruled that Maria Shriver was entitled to half of her ex-husband’s post-divorce savings that he earned from 1986 to 2011, including a pension.[211]

After the scandal, Danish-Italian actress Brigitte Nielsen came forward and stated that she too had an affair with Schwarzenegger during the production of Red Sonja, while he had just started his relationship with Shriver.[212] When asked in January 2014, «Of all the things you are famous for … which are you least proud of?» Schwarzenegger replied, «I’m least proud of the mistakes I made that caused my family pain and split us up.»[213][214][215][216]

Accidents, injuries, and other health problems

Health problems

Schwarzenegger was born with a bicuspid aortic valve, an aortic valve with only two leaflets, where a normal aortic valve has three.[217][218] He opted in 1997 for a replacement heart valve made from his own pulmonic valve, which itself was replaced with a cadaveric pulmonic valve, in a Ross procedure; medical experts predicted he would require pulmonic heart valve replacement surgery within the next two to eight years because his valve would progressively degrade. Schwarzenegger apparently opted against a mechanical valve, the only permanent solution available at the time of his surgery, because it would have sharply limited his physical activity and capacity to exercise.[219]

On March 29, 2018, Schwarzenegger underwent emergency open-heart surgery for replacement of his replacement pulmonic valve.[220] He said about his recovery: «I underwent open-heart surgery this spring, I had to use a walker. I had to do breathing exercises five times a day to retrain my lungs. I was frustrated and angry, and in my worst moments, I couldn’t see the way back to my old self.»[221]

In 2020, 23 years after his first surgery, Schwarzenegger underwent a surgery for a new aortic valve.[222]

Accidents, injuries

On December 9, 2001, he broke six ribs and was hospitalized for four days after a motorcycle crash in Los Angeles.[223]

Schwarzenegger saved a drowning man in 2004 while on vacation in Hawaii by swimming out and bringing him back to shore.[224]

On January 8, 2006, while Schwarzenegger was riding his Harley Davidson motorcycle in Los Angeles with his son Patrick in the sidecar, another driver backed into the street he was riding on, causing him and his son to collide with the car at a low speed. While his son and the other driver were unharmed, Schwarzenegger sustained an injury to his lip requiring 15 stitches. «No citations were issued,» said Officer Jason Lee, a Los Angeles Police Department spokesman.[225] Schwarzenegger did not obtain his motorcycle license until July 3, 2006.[226]

Schwarzenegger tripped over his ski pole and broke his right femur while skiing in Sun Valley, Idaho, with his family on December 23, 2006.[227] On December 26, he underwent a 90-minute operation in which cables and screws were used to wire the broken bone back together. He was released from St. John’s Health Center on December 30, 2006.[228]

Schwarzenegger’s private jet made an emergency landing at Van Nuys Airport on June 19, 2009, after the pilot reported smoke coming from the cockpit, according to a statement released by his press secretary. No one was harmed in the incident.[229]

On May 18, 2019, while on a visit to South Africa, Schwarzenegger was attacked and dropkicked from behind by an unknown malefactor while giving autographs to his fans at one of the local schools. Despite the surprise and unprovoked nature of the attack, he reportedly suffered no injuries and continued to interact with fans. The attacker was apprehended and Schwarzenegger declined to press charges against him.[230][231][232]

Schwarzenegger was involved in a multi-vehicle collision on the afternoon of Friday, January 21, 2022. Schwarzenegger was driving a black GMC Yukon SUV near the intersections of Sunset Blvd and Allenford Ave in the Brentwood neighborhood of Los Angeles, when his vehicle collided with a red Toyota Prius. The driver of the Prius was transported to the hospital for injuries sustained to her head. Schwarzenegger was uninjured.[233][234][235]

Height

Schwarzenegger’s official height of 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m) has been brought into question by several articles. During his bodybuilding days in the late 1960s, it was claimed that he measured 6 ft 1.5 in (1.867 m). However, in 1988, both the Daily Mail and Time Out magazine mentioned that Schwarzenegger appeared noticeably shorter.[236] Prior to running for governor, Schwarzenegger’s height was once again questioned in an article by the Chicago Reader.[237] As governor, Schwarzenegger engaged in a light-hearted exchange with Assemblyman Herb Wesson over their heights. At one point, Wesson made an unsuccessful attempt to, in his own words, «settle this once and for all and find out how tall he is» by using a tailor’s tape measure on the Governor.[238] Schwarzenegger retaliated by placing a pillow stitched with the words «Need a lift?» on the five-foot-five-inch (1.65 m) Wesson’s chair before a negotiating session in his office.[239] Democrat Bob Mulholland also claimed Schwarzenegger was 5 ft 10 in (1.78 m) and that he wore risers in his boots.[240] In 1999, Men’s Health magazine stated his height was 5 ft 10 in (1.78 m).[241]

Autobiography

Schwarzenegger’s autobiography, Total Recall, was released in October 2012. He devotes one chapter called «The Secret» to his extramarital affair. The majority of his book is about his successes in the three major chapters in his life: bodybuilder, actor, and Governor of California.[242]

Vehicles

Growing up during the Allied occupation of Austria, Schwarzenegger commonly saw heavy military vehicles such as tanks as a child.[243] As a result, he paid $20,000 to bring his Austrian Army M47 Patton tank (331) to the United States,[244] which he previously operated during his mandatory service in 1965. However, he later obtained his vehicle in 1991/2,[245] during his tenure as the Chairmen of the President’s Council on Sports, Fitness, and Nutrition,[246] and now uses it to support his charity.[245] His first car ever was an Opel Kadett in 1969 after serving in the Austrian army, then he rode a Harley-Davidson Fat Boy in 1991.[247]

Moreover, he came to develop an interest in large vehicles and became the first civilian in the U.S. to purchase a Humvee. He was so enamored by the vehicle that he lobbied the Humvee’s manufacturer, AM General, to produce a street-legal, civilian version, which they did in 1992; the first two Hummer H1s they sold were also purchased by Schwarzenegger. In 2010, he had one regular and three running on non-fossil power sources; one for hydrogen, one for vegetable oil, and one for biodiesel.[248] Schwarzenegger was in the news in 2014 for buying a rare Bugatti Veyron Grand Sport Vitesse. He was spotted and filmed in 2015 in his car, painted silver with bright aluminum forged wheels. His Bugatti has its interior adorned in dark brown leather.[249] In 2017, Schwarzenegger acquired a Mercedes G-Class modified for all-electric drive.[250]

The Hummers that Schwarzenegger bought in 1992 are so large—each weighs 6,300 lb (2,900 kg) and is 7 feet (2.1 m) wide—that they are classified as large trucks, and U.S. fuel economy regulations do not apply to them. During the gubernatorial recall campaign, he announced that he would convert one of his Hummers to burn hydrogen. The conversion was reported to have cost about $21,000. After the election, he signed an executive order to jump-start the building of hydrogen refueling plants called the California Hydrogen Highway Network, and gained a U.S. Department of Energy grant to help pay for its projected US$91,000,000 cost.[251] California took delivery of the first H2H (Hydrogen Hummer) in October 2004.[252]

Public image and legacy

Schwarzenegger has been involved with the Special Olympics for many years after they were founded by his ex-mother-in-law Eunice Kennedy Shriver.[253] In 2007, Schwarzenegger was the official spokesperson for the Special Olympics held in Shanghai, China.[254] Schwarzenegger believes that quality school opportunities should be made available to children who might not normally be able to access them.[255] In 1995, he founded the Inner City Games Foundation (ICG) which provides cultural, educational and community enrichment programming to youth. ICG is active in 15 cities around the country and serves over 250,000 children in over 400 schools countrywide.[255] He has also been involved with After-School All-Stars and founded the Los Angeles branch in 2002.[256] ASAS is an after school program provider, educating youth about health, fitness and nutrition.

On February 12, 2010, Schwarzenegger took part in the Vancouver Olympic Torch relay. He handed off the flame to the next runner, Sebastian Coe.[257]

Schwarzenegger had a collection of Marxist busts, which he requested from Russian friends during the dissolution of the Soviet Union, as they were being destroyed. In 2011, he revealed that his wife had requested their removal, but he kept the one of Vladimir Lenin present, since «he was the first».[258] In 2015, he said he kept the Lenin bust to «show losers».[259]

Schwarzenegger is a supporter of Israel, and has participated in a Los Angeles pro-Israel rally[260] among other similar events.[261] In 2004, Schwarzenegger visited Israel to break ground on Simon Wiesenthal Center’s Museum of Tolerance Jerusalem, and to lay a wreath at the Yad Vashem Holocaust Memorial, he also met with Prime Minister Ariel Sharon and President Moshe Katsav.[262] In 2011, at the Independence Day celebration hosted by the Israeli Consulate General in Los Angeles, Schwarzenegger said: «I love Israel. When I became governor, Israel was the first country that I visited. When I had the chance to sign a bill calling on California pension funds to divest their money from companies that do business with Iran, I immediately signed that bill», then he added, «I knew that we could not send money to these crazy dictators who hate us and threaten Israel any time they have a bad day.»[261]

Schwarzenegger with former Chancellor of Austria, Christian Kern in September 2017

Schwarzenegger supported the 2003 invasion of Iraq.[263] Schwarzenegger also expressed support for the 2011 military intervention in Libya.[264] In 2014, Schwarzenegger released a video message in support of the Euromaidan protests against Ukraine’s pro-Russian President Viktor Yanukovych.[265] In 2022, Schwarzenegger released another video message condemning the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. Schwarzenegger’s Twitter account is one of the 22 accounts that the president of Russia’s Twitter account follows.[266]

Schwarzenegger, who played football as a boy, grew up watching Bayern Munich and Sturm Graz.[267] He also expressed his admiration of Jürgen Klopp’s Liverpool in October 2019.[267]

Schwarzenegger inspired many actors to become action heroes, including Dwayne Johnson,[268][269] Matt McColm,[270] Christian Boeving,[271] Vidyut Jamwal,[272] and Daniel Greene.[271] Boeving’s character in the 2003 action film When Eagles Strike was based on Schwarzenegger’s image from the late 1980s: mostly on Major «Dutch» Schaefer from Predator (1987) and Colonel John Matrix from Commando (1985).[273] In 2022, Schwarzenegger’s use of a shotgun in the Terminator film series was referenced by actor Vijay in the Indian film Beast.[274]

Schwarzenegger Institute for State and Global Policy

In 2012, Schwarzenegger helped to found the Schwarzenegger Institute for State and Global Policy, which is a part of the USC Price School of Public Policy at the University of Southern California.[275] The institute’s mission is to «[advance] post-partisanship, where leaders put people over political parties and work together to find the best ideas and solutions to benefit the people they serve» and to «seek to influence public policy and public debate in finding solutions to the serious challenges we face».[276] Schwarzenegger serves as chairman of the institute.[277]

Global warming

At a 2015 security conference, Schwarzenegger called climate change the issue of our time.[278] He also urged politicians to stop treating climate change as a political issue.[279]

2016 presidential election

For the 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries, Schwarzenegger endorsed fellow Republican John Kasich.[280] However, he announced in October that he would not vote for the Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump in that year’s United States presidential election, with this being the first time he did not vote for the Republican candidate since becoming a citizen in 1983.[281][282][283]

Post-2016

Schwarzenegger participating in a video promoting wearing face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic. The video features appearances of all the living governors of California.

In recent years, Schwarzenegger has been advocating for eating less meat,[284] and he is an executive producer alongside James Cameron et al. behind the documentary The Game Changers,[285] that documents the explosive rise of plant-based eating in professional sports, in which he is also featured.

In 2017, Schwarzenegger condemned white supremacists who were seen carrying Nazi and Confederate flags by calling their heroes «losers».[286]

In 2019, while at the «Arnold Classic Africa» sports competition as an official, Schwarzenegger was attacked by an assailant in a flying kick. The assailant was arrested.[287]

Following the January 6 United States Capitol attack by supporters of President Donald Trump, Schwarzenegger posted a video address on social media in which he likened the insurrection to Nazi Germany’s Kristallnacht, which he described as «a night of rampage against the Jews carried out [by] the Nazi equivalent of the Proud Boys». He spoke of his father’s alcoholism, domestic violence, and abuse, and how it was typical of other former Nazis and collaborators in the post-war era; and described Trump as «a failed leader. He will go down in history as the worst president ever.»[288][289]

In late March 2021, Schwarzenegger was interviewed by Politico about the upcoming recall election in California in which he said that «it’s pretty much the same atmosphere today as it was then»,[290] and when he was asked about Newsom’s claim of this being a «Republican recall» he responded that «this recall effort is sparked by ordinary folks», and that this was not a power grab by Republicans.[291][292]

Schwarzenegger has spoken out about COVID-19, urging Americans to wear masks and practice social distancing. In August 2021, he said: «There is a virus here. It kills people and the only way we prevent it is: get vaccinated, wear masks, do social distancing, washing your hands all the time, and not just to think about, ‘Well my freedom is being kind of disturbed here.’ No, screw your freedom.»[293]

In February 2022, Schwarzenegger said his diet has been mostly vegan for the past five years, saying it was about 80% plant-based food. He has been outspoken about the benefits of a vegan diet for health and said it had helped him feel «healthier and younger overall». He also credited it to helping him lower his cholesterol.[294]

Filmography

  • Hercules in New York (1970)
  • Pumping Iron (1977)
  • The Comeback (1980)
  • Conan the Barbarian (1982)
  • Conan the Destroyer (1984)
  • The Terminator (1984)
  • Commando (1985)
  • Raw Deal (1986)
  • Predator (1987)
  • The Running Man (1987)
  • Red Heat (1988)
  • Twins (1988)
  • Total Recall (1990)
  • Kindergarten Cop (1990)
  • Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991)
  • Last Action Hero (1993)
  • True Lies (1994)
  • Junior (1994)
  • Eraser (1996)
  • Jingle All the Way (1996)
  • Batman & Robin (1997)
  • End of Days (1999)
  • The 6th Day (2000)
  • Collateral Damage (2002)
  • Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines (2003)
  • The Expendables (2010)
  • The Expendables 2 (2012)
  • The Last Stand (2013)
  • Escape Plan (2013)
  • The Expendables 3 (2014)
  • Sabotage (2014)
  • Maggie (2015)
  • Terminator Genisys (2015)
  • Aftermath (2017)
  • Terminator: Dark Fate (2019)

Awards and honors

  • Seven-time Mr. Olympia winner
  • Four-time Mr. Universe winner
  • 1969 World Amateur Bodybuilding Champion
  • 1977 Golden Globe Award winner
  • Medal for Humanitary Merit of the Austrian Albert Schweitzer Society (2011)[295]
  • Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame
  • International Sports Hall of Fame (class of 2012)[296]
  • Public art mural portrait «Arnold Schwarzenegger» (2012) by Jonas Never, Venice, Los Angeles[297]
  • WWE Hall of Fame (class of 2015)[298][299]
  • Schwarzenegger Institute for State and Global Policy (part of the USC Price School of Public Policy at the University of Southern California) named in his honor.[277]
  • Arnold’s Run ski trail at Sun Valley Resort named in his honor.[300] The trail is categorized as a black diamond, or most difficult, for its terrain.
  • «A Day for Arnold» on July 30, 2007, in Thal, Austria. For his 60th birthday, the mayor sent Schwarzenegger the enameled address sign (Thal 145) of the house where Schwarzenegger was born, declaring «This belongs to him. No one here will ever be assigned that number again».[299][301]
  • Inkpot Award[302]

Government orders and decorations

  • Grand Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria in Gold (1993)[303]
  • Cavalier (2011) and Commander (2017) of the French Legion of Honor[304][305]
  • Honorary Ring of the Federal State of Styria (Austria, June 2017)[306]

Books

  • Schwarzenegger, Arnold (1977). Arnold: Developing a Mr. Universe Physique. Schwarzenegger. OCLC 6457784.
  • Schwarzenegger, Arnold; Douglas Kent Hall (1977). Arnold: The Education of a Bodybuilder. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-671-22879-8.
  • Schwarzenegger, Arnold; Douglas Kent Hall (1979). Arnold’s Bodyshaping for Women. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-671-24301-2.
  • Schwarzenegger, Arnold; Bill Dobbins (1981). Arnold’s Bodybuilding for Men. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-671-25613-5.
  • Schwarzenegger, Arnold; Bill Dobbins (1998). The New Encyclopedia of Modern Bodybuilding (Rev. ed.). New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-684-84374-2.
  • Schwarzenegger, Arnold (2012). Total Recall. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1-84983-971-6.

See also

  • Genealogy of the Kennedy family
  • List of U.S. state governors born outside the United States

References

Footnotes

Citations

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Further reading

  • Andrews, Nigel (2003). True Myths: The Life and Times of Arnold Schwarzenegger: From Pumping Iron to Governor of California (rev. ed.). New York: Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-1-58234-465-2.
  • Baker, Todd (director) (November 11, 1999). Arnold Schwarzenegger: Hollywood Hero (Television production (special)).
  • Blitz, Michael; Louise Krasniewicz (2004). Why Arnold Matters: The Rise of a Cultural Icon. New York: Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-03752-0.
  • Borowitz, Andy (2004). Governor Arnold: A Photodiary of His First 100 Days in Office. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-7432-6266-8.
  • Brandon, Karen (2004). Arnold Schwarzenegger. San Diego: Lucent Books. ISBN 978-1-59018-539-1.
  • Saunders, Dave (2008). «Arnie»: Schwarzenegger and the Movies. London: I. B. Tauris.
  • Sexton, Colleen A. (2005). Arnold Schwarzenegger. Minneapolis: Lerner Publications. ISBN 978-0-8225-1634-7.
  • Zannos, Susan (2000). Arnold Schwarzenegger. Childs, Md.: Mitchell Lane. ISBN 978-1-883845-95-7.

External links

  • Official website
  • Schwarzenegger Museum
  • Arnold Schwarzenegger at Curlie
  • Arnold Schwarzenegger on WWE.com
  • Appearances on C-SPAN
  • Arnold Schwarzenegger at IMDb
  • Arnold Schwarzenegger at the TCM Movie Database
  • Schwarzenegger competing in Mr. Universe (1969) from British Pathé at YouTube
Government offices
Preceded by

Dick Kazmaier

Chair of the President’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports
1990–1993
Succeeded by

Florence Griffith Joyner

as Co-Chair

Succeeded by

Tom McMillen

as Co-Chair

Party political offices
Preceded by

Bill Simon

Republican nominee for Governor of California
2003, 2006
Succeeded by

Meg Whitman

Political offices
Preceded by

Gray Davis

Governor of California
2003–2011
Succeeded by

Jerry Brown

U.S. order of precedence (ceremonial)
Preceded by

Gray Davis

as Former Governor

Order of precedence of the United States
Within California
Succeeded by

Mike Castle

as Former Governor

Order of precedence of the United States
Outside California
Succeeded by

Al Quie

as Former Governor

Arnold Schwarzenegger

Arnold Schwarzenegger by Gage Skidmore 4.jpg

Schwarzenegger in 2019

38th Governor of California
In office
November 17, 2003 – January 3, 2011
Lieutenant
  • Cruz Bustamante
  • John Garamendi
  • Mona Pasquil (acting)
  • Abel Maldonado
Preceded by Gray Davis
Succeeded by Jerry Brown
Chairman of the President’s Council
on Physical Fitness and Sports
In office
January 22, 1990 – May 27, 1993
President
  • George H. W. Bush
  • Bill Clinton
Preceded by Dick Kazmaier
Succeeded by
  • Florence Griffith Joyner (co-chair)
  • Tom McMillen (co-chair)
Personal details
Born

Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger

July 30, 1947 (age 75)
Thal, Styria, Allied-occupied Austria

Citizenship
  • Austria
  • United States
Political party Republican
Spouse

Maria Shriver

(m. 1986; div. 2021)​

Children 5, including Katherine, Patrick and Joseph Baena
Parent
  • Gustav Schwarzenegger (father)
Relatives Chris Pratt (son-in-law)
Occupation
  • Actor
  • bodybuilder
  • businessman
  • politician
  • author
Signature
Website Official website
Military service
Allegiance Austria
Branch/service Bundesheer
Years of service 1965
Unit Belgier Barracks

Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger (born July 30, 1947) is an Austrian and American actor, film producer, businessman, retired professional bodybuilder and politician who served as the 38th governor of California between 2003 and 2011. Time magazine named Schwarzenegger one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2004 and 2007.[1][2]

Schwarzenegger began lifting weights at the age of 15 and went on to win the Mr. Universe title at age 20 and subsequently won the Mr. Olympia title seven times. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest bodybuilders of all time,[3][4] and has written many books and articles about bodybuilding.[5] The Arnold Sports Festival, considered the second-most important bodybuilding event after Mr. Olympia, is named after him.[6] He appeared in the bodybuilding documentary Pumping Iron (1977). Schwarzenegger retired from bodybuilding and gained worldwide fame as a Hollywood action star, with his breakthrough in the sword and sorcery epic Conan the Barbarian (1982), a box-office hit with a sequel in 1984.[7] After playing the title character in the science fiction film The Terminator (1984), he starred in the sequels Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991), Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines (2003), Terminator Genisys (2015), and Terminator: Dark Fate (2019). His other successful action films included Commando (1985), The Running Man (1987), Predator (1987), Red Heat (1988), Total Recall (1990), and True Lies (1994), in addition to comedy films such as Twins (1988), Kindergarten Cop (1990), Junior (1994), and Jingle All the Way (1996).[8] He is the founder of the film production company Oak Productions.[9]

As a Republican candidate, Schwarzenegger was first elected on October 7, 2003, in a special recall election to replace then-Governor Gray Davis. He received 48.6% of the vote, 17 points ahead of Democrat runner-up Cruz Bustamante. He was sworn in on November 17 to serve the remainder of Davis’ term, and was re-elected in the 2006 California gubernatorial election with an increased vote share of 55.9% to serve a full term as governor.[10] In 2011, he reached his term limit as governor and returned to acting.

Schwarzenegger was nicknamed the «Austrian Oak» in his bodybuilding days, «Arnie» or «Schwarzy» during his acting career,[11] and «the Governator» (a portmanteau of «Governor» and «Terminator») during his political career. He married Maria Shriver, a niece of President John F. Kennedy, in 1986. They separated in 2011 after he admitted to having fathered a child with their housemaid in 1997; their divorce was finalized in 2021.[12]

Early life

Schwarzenegger’s birthplace

Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger was born in Thal on July 30, 1947,[13] the second son of Gustav Schwarzenegger and his wife, Aurelia (née Jadrny). Schwarzenegger’s father was the local chief of police. After the Anschluss in 1938, he joined the Nazi Party and, in 1939 the Sturmabteilung (SA). In World War II, he served as a military policeman in the invasions of Poland, France and the Soviet Union, including the siege of Leningrad, rising to the rank of Hauptfeldwebel.[14][15] He was wounded in the Battle of Stalingrad,[16] and was discharged in 1943 following a bout of malaria. According to Holocaust scholar Michael Berenbaum, Gustav Schwarzenegger served «in theaters of the war where atrocities were committed. But there is no way to know from the documents whether he played a role.»[14] Gustav’s background received wide press attention during the 2003 California gubernatorial recall election in which Schwarzenegger was elected governor.[17]

Gustav Schwarzenegger married Aurelia on October 20, 1945; he was 38 and she was 23. According to Schwarzenegger, his parents were very strict: «Back then in Austria it was a very different world […] if we did something bad or we disobeyed our parents, the rod was not spared.»[18] He grew up in a Catholic family.[19] Gustav preferred his elder son, Meinhard, over Arnold.[20] His favoritism was «strong and blatant», which stemmed from unfounded suspicion that Arnold was not his biological child.[21] Schwarzenegger has said that his father had «no patience for listening or understanding your problems».[19] He had a good relationship with his mother, with whom he kept in touch until her death.[22]

Early education and bodybuilding beginnings

At school, Schwarzenegger was reportedly academically average but stood out for his «cheerful, good-humored, and exuberant» character.[19] Money was a problem in their household; Schwarzenegger recalled that one of the highlights of his youth was when the family bought a refrigerator.[21] Schwarzenegger’s father Gustav was an athlete, and wished for his sons to become a champion in Bavarian curling.[23] Influenced by his father, Schwarzenegger played several sports as a boy.[19]

Schwarzenegger began weight training in 1960 when his football coach took his team to a local gym.[13] At the age of 14, he chose bodybuilding over football as a career.[7][24] He later said, «I actually started weight training when I was 15, but I’d been participating in sports, like soccer, for years, so I felt that although I was slim, I was well-developed, at least enough so that I could start going to the gym and start Olympic lifting.»[18] However, his official website biography claims that «at 14, he started an intensive training program with Dan Farmer, studied psychology at 15 (to learn more about the power of mind over body) and at 17, officially started his competitive career.»[25] During a speech in 2001, he said, «My own plan formed when I was 14 years old. My father had wanted me to be a police officer like he was. My mother wanted me to go to trade school.»[26]

Schwarzenegger took to visiting a gym in Graz, where he also frequented the local movie theaters to see bodybuilding idols such as Reg Park, Steve Reeves, and Johnny Weissmuller on the big screen.[18] When Reeves died in 2000, Schwarzenegger fondly remembered him: «As a teenager, I grew up with Steve Reeves. His remarkable accomplishments allowed me a sense of what was possible when others around me didn’t always understand my dreams. Steve Reeves has been part of everything I’ve ever been fortunate enough to achieve.» In 1961, Schwarzenegger met former Mr. Austria Kurt Marnul, who invited him to train at the gym in Graz.[13] He was so dedicated as a youngster that he broke into the local gym on weekends in order to train even when it was closed. «It would make me sick to miss a workout… I knew I couldn’t look at myself in the mirror the next morning if I didn’t do it.» When Schwarzenegger was asked about his first cinema experience as a boy, he replied: «I was very young, but I remember my father taking me to the Austrian theaters and seeing some newsreels. The first real movie I saw, that I distinctly remember, was a John Wayne movie.»[18] In Graz, Schwarzenegger was mentored by Alfred Gerstl, who had Jewish ancestry and later became president of the Federal Council, and befriended his son Karl.[27][28]

Schwarzenegger’s brother, Meinhard, died in a car crash on May 20, 1971.[13] He was driving drunk and died instantly. Schwarzenegger did not attend his funeral. Meinhard was engaged to Erika Knapp, and they had a three-year-old son named Patrick. Schwarzenegger paid for Patrick’s education and helped him to move to the U.S.[21] Gustav died of a stroke on December 13, 1972.[13] In Pumping Iron, Schwarzenegger claimed that he did not attend his father’s funeral because he was training for a bodybuilding contest. Later, he and the film’s producer said this story was taken from another bodybuilder to show the extremes some would go to for their sport and to make Schwarzenegger’s image colder to create controversy for the film.[29] However, Barbara Baker, his first serious girlfriend, recalled that he informed her of his father’s death without emotion and that he never spoke of his brother.[30] Over time, he has given at least three versions of why he was absent from his father’s funeral.[21]

In an interview with Fortune in 2004, Schwarzenegger told how he suffered what «would now be called child abuse» at the hands of his father: «My hair was pulled. I was hit with belts. So was the kid next door. It was just the way it was. Many of the children I’ve seen were broken by their parents, which was the German-Austrian mentality. They didn’t want to create an individual. It was all about conforming. I was one who did not conform, and whose will could not be broken. Therefore, I became a rebel. Every time I got hit, and every time someone said, ‘You can’t do this,’ I said, ‘This is not going to be for much longer because I’m going to move out of here. I want to be rich. I want to be somebody.'»[15]

Schwarzenegger served in the Austrian Army in 1965 to fulfill the one year of service required at the time of all 18-year-old Austrian males.[13][25] During his army service, he won the Junior Mr. Europe contest.[24] He went AWOL during basic training so he could take part in the competition and then spent a week in military prison: «Participating in the competition meant so much to me that I didn’t carefully think through the consequences.» He entered another bodybuilding contest in Graz, at Steirerhof Hotel, where he placed second. He was voted «best-built man of Europe», which made him famous in bodybuilding circles. «The Mr. Universe title was my ticket to America—the land of opportunity, where I could become a star and get rich.»[26] Schwarzenegger made his first plane trip in 1966, attending the NABBA Mr. Universe competition in London.[25] He placed second in the Mr. Universe competition, not having the muscle definition of American winner Chester Yorton.[25]

Charles «Wag» Bennett, one of the judges at the 1966 competition, was impressed with Schwarzenegger and he offered to coach him. As Schwarzenegger had little money, Bennett invited him to stay in his crowded family home above one of his two gyms in Forest Gate, London. Yorton’s leg definition had been judged superior, and Schwarzenegger, under a training program devised by Bennett, concentrated on improving the muscle definition and power in his legs. Staying in the East End of London helped Schwarzenegger improve his rudimentary grasp of the English language.[31][32] Living with the Bennetts also changed him as a person: «Being with them made me so much more sophisticated. When you’re the age I was then, you’re always looking for approval, for love, for attention and also for guidance. At the time, I wasn’t really aware of that. But now, looking back, I see that the Bennett family fulfilled all those needs. Especially my need to be the best in the world. To be recognized and to feel unique and special. They saw that I needed that care and attention and love.»[33]

Also in 1966, while at Bennett’s home, Schwarzenegger had the opportunity to meet childhood idol Reg Park, who became his friend and mentor.[33][34] The training paid off and, in 1967, Schwarzenegger won the title for the first time, becoming the youngest ever Mr. Universe at the age of 20.[25] He would go on to win the title a further three times.[24] Schwarzenegger then flew back to Munich, where he attended a business school and worked in a health club (Rolf Putziger’s gym, where he worked and trained from 1966 to 1968), returning in 1968 to London to win his next Mr. Universe title.[25] He frequently told Roger C. Field, his English coach and friend in Munich at that time, «I’m going to become the greatest actor!»[35]

Schwarzenegger, who dreamed of moving to the U.S. since the age of 10, and saw bodybuilding as the avenue through which to do so,[36] realized his dream by moving to the United States in October 1968 at the age of 21, speaking little English.[24][13] There he trained at Gold’s Gym in Venice, Los Angeles, California, under Joe Weider’s supervision. From 1970 to 1974, one of Schwarzenegger’s weight training partners was Ric Drasin, a professional wrestler who designed the original Gold’s Gym logo in 1973.[37] Schwarzenegger also became good friends with professional wrestler Superstar Billy Graham. In 1970, at age 23, he captured his first Mr. Olympia title in New York, and would go on to win the title a total of seven times.[25]

The immigration law firm Siskind & Susser has stated that Schwarzenegger may have been an illegal immigrant at some point in the late 1960s or early 1970s because of violations in the terms of his visa.[38] LA Weekly would later say in 2002 that Schwarzenegger is the most famous immigrant in the United States, who «overcame a thick Austrian accent and transcended the unlikely background of bodybuilding to become the biggest movie star in the world in the 1990s».[36]

In 1977, Schwarzenegger’s autobiography/weight-training guide Arnold: The Education of a Bodybuilder became a huge success.[13] In 1977, he posed for the gay magazine After Dark.[39][40] Due to taking an assortment of courses at Santa Monica College in California (including English classes), as well as further upper division classes at the University of California, Los Angeles as part of UCLA’s extension program, Schwarzenegger had by then accumulated enough credits so as to be «within striking distance» of graduation. In 1979, he enrolled in the University of Wisconsin–Superior as a distance education student, completing most of his coursework by correspondence and flying out to Superior to meet professors and take final exams. In May 1980, he formally graduated and received his bachelor’s degree in business administration and marketing. He received his United States citizenship in 1983.[41]

Bodybuilding career

Arnold Schwarzenegger
Bodybuilder
Arnold Schwarzenegger 1974.jpg

As entrant to the 1974 Mr. Olympia competition at Madison Square Garden

Personal info
Nickname The Austrian Oak
Height 6 ft 2 in (188 cm)[42]
Weight
  • 235 lb (107 kg) (contest)[42]
  • 260 lb (118 kg) (off-season)

[42]

Professional career
Pro-debut
  • NABBA Mr. Universe
  • 1968
Best win
  • IFBB Mr. Olympia
  • 1970–1975, 1980, Seven Times
Predecessor Sergio Oliva (’69)
Frank Zane (’79)
Successor Franco Columbu (’76, ’81)
Active Retired 1980

Medal record

Men’s bodybuilding
Representing  Austria
Mr Universe (amateur)
1st 1967
Mr Universe (pro)
1st 1968
1st 1969
1st 1970
Mr. Olympia
2nd 1969
1st 1970
1st 1971
1st 1972
1st 1973
1st 1974
1st 1975
1st 1980
Powerlifting[43]
Representing  Austria
International Powerlifting Championships
1st 1966 +80 kg
German Powerlifting Championships
2nd 1967 +80 kg
1st 1968 +80 kg
Graz-Paradise Keller Powerlifting Championships
2nd 1967 +80 kg
Men’s Weightlifting[43]
Representing  Austria
Styrian Junior Weightlifting Championships
1st 1964
German Austrian Weightlifting Championships
1st 1965

Schwarzenegger is considered among the most important figures in the history of bodybuilding,[6] and his legacy is commemorated in the Arnold Classic annual bodybuilding competition. He has remained a prominent face in bodybuilding long after his retirement, in part because of his ownership of gyms and fitness magazines. He has presided over numerous contests and awards shows.

For many years, he wrote a monthly column for the bodybuilding magazines Muscle & Fitness and Flex. Shortly after being elected governor, he was appointed the executive editor of both magazines, in a largely symbolic capacity. The magazines agreed to donate $250,000 a year to the Governor’s various physical fitness initiatives. When the deal, including the contract that gave Schwarzenegger at least $1 million a year, was made public in 2005, many criticized it as being a conflict of interest since the governor’s office made decisions concerning regulation of dietary supplements in California.[44] Consequently, Schwarzenegger relinquished the executive editor role in 2005.[44] American Media Inc., which owns Muscle & Fitness and Flex, announced in March 2013 that Schwarzenegger had accepted their renewed offer to be executive editor of the magazines.[44]

One of the first competitions he won was the Junior Mr. Europe contest in 1965.[13] He won Mr. Europe the following year, at age 19.[13][25] He would go on to compete in many bodybuilding contests, and win most of them. His bodybuilding victories included five Mr. Universe wins (4 – NABBA [England], 1 – IFBB [USA]), and seven Mr. Olympia wins, a record which would stand until Lee Haney won his eighth consecutive Mr. Olympia title in 1991.

Schwarzenegger continues to work out. When asked about his personal training during the 2011 Arnold Classic he said that he was still working out a half an hour with weights every day.[45]

Powerlifting/weightlifting

During Schwarzenegger’s early years in bodybuilding, he also competed in several Olympic weightlifting and powerlifting contests. Schwarzenegger’s first professional competition was in 1963[46] and he won two weightlifting contests in 1964 and 1965, as well as two powerlifting contests in 1966 and 1968.[43]

In 1967, Schwarzenegger won the Munich stone-lifting contest, in which a stone weighing 508 German pounds (254 kg / 560 lb) is lifted between the legs while standing on two footrests.

Personal records

  • Clean and press – 264 lb (120 kg)[43]
  • Snatch – 243 lb (110 kg)[43]
  • Clean and jerk – 298 lb (135 kg)[43]
  • Squat – 545 lb (247 kg)[43]
  • Bench press – 520 lb (240 kg)[47][48]
  • Deadlift – 683 lb (310 kg)[43]

Schwarzenegger, pictured with 1987 world champion American Karyn Marshall, presenting awards at the USA Weightlifting Hall of Fame in 2011 in Columbus, Ohio

Mr. Olympia

Schwarzenegger’s goal was to become the greatest bodybuilder in the world, which meant becoming Mr. Olympia.[13][25] His first attempt was in 1969, when he lost to three-time champion Sergio Oliva. However, Schwarzenegger came back in 1970 and won the competition, making him the youngest ever Mr. Olympia at the age of 23, a record he still holds to this day.[25]

He continued his winning streak in the 1971–1974 competitions.[25] He also toured different countries selling vitamins, as in Helsinki, Finland in 1972, when he lived at the YMCA Hotel Hospiz (nowadays Hotel Arthur[49]) on Vuorikatu and presented vitamin pills at the Stockmann shopping center.[50][51] In 1975, Schwarzenegger was once again in top form, and won the title for the sixth consecutive time,[25] beating Franco Columbu. After the 1975 Mr. Olympia contest, Schwarzenegger announced his retirement from professional bodybuilding.[25]

Months before the 1975 Mr. Olympia contest, filmmakers George Butler and Robert Fiore persuaded Schwarzenegger to compete and film his training in the bodybuilding documentary called Pumping Iron. Schwarzenegger had only three months to prepare for the competition, after losing significant weight to appear in the film Stay Hungry with Jeff Bridges. Although significantly taller and heavier, Lou Ferrigno proved not to be a threat, and a lighter-than-usual Schwarzenegger convincingly won the 1975 Mr. Olympia.

Schwarzenegger came out of retirement, however, to compete in the 1980 Mr. Olympia.[13] Schwarzenegger was training for his role in Conan, and he got into such good shape because of the running, horseback riding and sword training, that he decided he wanted to win the Mr. Olympia contest one last time. He kept this plan a secret in the event that a training accident would prevent his entry and cause him to lose face. Schwarzenegger had been hired to provide color commentary for network television when he announced at the eleventh hour that, while he was there, «Why not compete?» Schwarzenegger ended up winning the event with only seven weeks of preparation. Having been declared Mr. Olympia for a seventh time, Schwarzenegger then officially retired from competition. This victory (subject of the documentary The Comeback) was highly controversial, though, as fellow competitors and many observers felt that his lack of muscle mass (especially in his thighs) and subpar conditioning should have precluded him from winning against a very competitive lineup that year.[6][52] Mike Mentzer, in particular, felt cheated and withdrew from competitive bodybuilding after that contest.[53][52]

Steroid use

Schwarzenegger has acknowledged using performance-enhancing anabolic steroids while they were legal, writing in 1977 that «steroids were helpful to me in maintaining muscle size while on a strict diet in preparation for a contest. I did not use them for muscle growth, but rather for muscle maintenance when cutting up.»[54] He has called the drugs «tissue building».[55]

In 1999, Schwarzenegger sued Willi Heepe, a German doctor who publicly predicted his early death on the basis of a link between his steroid use and later heart problems. Since the doctor never examined him personally, Schwarzenegger collected a US$10,000 libel judgment against him in a German court.[56] In 1999, Schwarzenegger also sued and settled with Globe, a U.S. tabloid which had made similar predictions about the bodybuilder’s future health.[57]

List of competitions

Statistics

  • Height: 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m)
  • Contest weight: 235 lb (107 kg)—the lightest in 1980 Mr. Olympia: around 225 lb (102 kg), the heaviest in 1974 Mr. Olympia: around 250 lb (110 kg)[59]
  • Off-season weight: 260 lb (118 kg)
  • Chest: 57 in (1,400 mm)
  • Waist: 33 in (840 mm)
  • Arms: 22 in (560 mm)
  • Thighs: 29.5 in (750 mm)
  • Calves: 20 in (510 mm)[60]

Acting career

Early roles

Schwarzenegger wanted to move from bodybuilding into acting, finally achieving it when he was chosen to play the title role in Hercules in New York (1970). Credited under the stage name «Arnold Strong», his accent in the film was so thick that his lines were dubbed after production.[24] His second film appearance was as a mob hitman in The Long Goodbye (1973), which was followed by a much more significant part in the film Stay Hungry (1976), for which he won the Golden Globe Award for New Star of the Year – Actor. Schwarzenegger has discussed his early struggles in developing his acting career: «It was very difficult for me in the beginning – I was told by agents and casting people that my body was ‘too weird’, that I had a funny accent, and that my name was too long. You name it, and they told me I had to change it. Basically, everywhere I turned, I was told that I had no chance.»[18]

Schwarzenegger drew attention and boosted his profile in the bodybuilding film Pumping Iron (1977),[7][24] elements of which were dramatized. In 1991, he purchased the rights to the film, its outtakes, and associated still photography.[61] In 1977, he made guest appearances in single episodes of the ABC sitcom The San Pedro Beach Bums and the ABC police procedural The Streets of San Francisco. Schwarzenegger auditioned for the title role of The Incredible Hulk, but did not win the role because of his height. Later, Lou Ferrigno got the part of Dr. David Banner’s alter ego. Schwarzenegger appeared with Kirk Douglas and Ann-Margret in the 1979 comedy The Villain. In 1980, he starred in a biographical film of the 1950s actress Jayne Mansfield as Mansfield’s husband, Mickey Hargitay.

Action superstar

Schwarzenegger’s breakthrough film was the sword and sorcery epic Conan the Barbarian in 1982, which was a box-office hit.[7] This was followed by a sequel, Conan the Destroyer, in 1984, although it was not as successful as its predecessor.[62] In 1983, Schwarzenegger starred in the promotional video Carnival in Rio.[63] In 1984, he made his first appearance as the eponymous character in James Cameron’s science fiction action film The Terminator.[7][24][64] It has been called his acting career’s signature role.[65] Following this, Schwarzenegger made another sword and sorcery film, Red Sonja, in 1985.[62] During the 1980s, audiences had an appetite for action films, with both Schwarzenegger and Sylvester Stallone becoming international stars.[24] During the Schwarzenegger-Stallone rivalry they attacked each other in the press, and tried to surpass the other with more on-screen killings and larger weapons.[66] Schwarzenegger’s roles reflected his sense of humor, separating him from more serious action hero films. He made a number of successful action films in the 1980s, such as Commando (1985), Raw Deal (1986), The Running Man (1987), Predator (1987), and Red Heat (1988).

Twins (1988), a comedy with Danny DeVito, also proved successful. Total Recall (1990) netted Schwarzenegger $10 million (equivalent to $20.7 million today) and 15% of the film’s gross. A science fiction script, the film was based on the Philip K. Dick short story «We Can Remember It for You Wholesale». Kindergarten Cop (1990) reunited him with director Ivan Reitman, who directed him in Twins. Schwarzenegger had a brief foray into directing, first with a 1990 episode of the TV series Tales from the Crypt, entitled «The Switch»,[67] and then with the 1992 telemovie Christmas in Connecticut.[68] He has not directed since.

Schwarzenegger’s commercial peak was his return as the title character in Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991), which was the highest-grossing film of the year. Film critic Roger Ebert commented that «Schwarzenegger’s genius as a movie star is to find roles that build on, rather than undermine, his physical and vocal characteristics.»[69] In 1993, the National Association of Theatre Owners named him the «International Star of the Decade».[13] His next film project, the 1993 self-aware action comedy spoof Last Action Hero, was released opposite Jurassic Park, and did not do well at the box office. His next film, the comedy drama True Lies (1994), was a popular spy film and saw Schwarzenegger reunited with James Cameron.

That same year, the comedy Junior was released, the last of Schwarzenegger’s three collaborations with Ivan Reitman and again co-starring Danny DeVito. This film brought him his second Golden Globe nomination, this time for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy. It was followed by the action thriller Eraser (1996), the Christmas comedy Jingle All The Way (1996), and the comic book-based Batman & Robin (1997), in which he played the villain Mr. Freeze. This was his final film before taking time to recuperate from a back injury. Following the critical failure of Batman & Robin, his film career and box office prominence went into decline. He returned with the supernatural thriller End of Days (1999), later followed by the action films The 6th Day (2000) and Collateral Damage (2002), both of which failed to do well at the box office. In 2003, he made his third appearance as the title character in Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines, which went on to earn over $150 million domestically (equivalent to $221 million today).[70]

Arnold Schwarzenegger’s star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame

In tribute to Schwarzenegger in 2002, Forum Stadtpark, a local cultural association, proposed plans to build a 25-meter-tall (80 ft) Terminator statue in a park in central Graz. Schwarzenegger reportedly said he was flattered, but thought the money would be better spent on social projects and the Special Olympics.[71]

Retirement

His film appearances after becoming Governor of California included a three-second cameo appearance in The Rundown and the 2004 remake of Around the World in 80 Days. In 2005, he appeared as himself in the film The Kid & I. He voiced Baron von Steuben in the Liberty’s Kids episode «Valley Forge». He had been rumored to be appearing in Terminator Salvation as the original T-800; he denied his involvement,[72] but he ultimately did appear briefly via his image being inserted into the movie from stock footage of the first Terminator movie.[73][74] Schwarzenegger appeared in Sylvester Stallone’s The Expendables, where he made a cameo appearance.

Return to acting

In January 2011, just weeks after leaving office in California, Schwarzenegger announced that he was reading several new scripts for future films, one of them being the World War II action drama With Wings as Eagles, written by Randall Wallace, based on a true story.[75][76]

On March 6, 2011, at the Arnold Seminar of the Arnold Classic, Schwarzenegger revealed that he was being considered for several films, including sequels to The Terminator and remakes of Predator and The Running Man, and that he was «packaging» a comic book character.[77] The character was later revealed to be the Governator, star of the comic book and animated series of the same name. Schwarzenegger inspired the character and co-developed it with Stan Lee, who would have produced the series. Schwarzenegger would have voiced the Governator.[78][79][80][81]

On May 20, 2011, Schwarzenegger’s entertainment counsel announced that all film projects currently in development were being halted: «Schwarzenegger is focusing on personal matters and is not willing to commit to any production schedules or timelines.»[82] On July 11, 2011, it was announced that Schwarzenegger was considering a comeback film, despite legal problems related to his divorce.[83] He starred in The Expendables 2 (2012) as Trench Mauser,[84] and starred in The Last Stand (2013), his first leading role in 10 years, and Escape Plan (2013), his first co-starring role alongside Sylvester Stallone. He starred in Sabotage, released in March 2014, and returned as Trench Mauser in The Expendables 3, released in August 2014. He starred in the fifth Terminator film Terminator Genisys in 2015,[7][24][64][85] and would reprise his role as Conan the Barbarian in The Legend of Conan,[86][87] later renamed Conan the Conqueror.[88] However, in April 2017, producer Chris Morgan stated that Universal had dropped the project, although there was a possibility of a TV show. The story of the film was supposed to be set 30 years after the first, with some inspiration from Clint Eastwood’s Unforgiven.[89]

In August 2016, his filming of action-comedy Killing Gunther was temporarily interrupted by bank robbers near the filming location in Surrey, British Columbia.[90] The film was released in September 2017. He was announced to star and produce in a film about the ruins of Sanxingdui called The Guest of Sanxingdui as an ambassador.[91]

On February 6, 2018, Amazon Studios announced they were working with Schwarzenegger to develop a new series entitled Outrider in which he will star and executive produce. The western-drama set in the Oklahoma Indian Territory in the late 19th century will follow a deputy (portrayed by Schwarzenegger) who is tasked with apprehending a legendary outlaw in the wilderness, but is forced to partner with a ruthless Federal Marshal to make sure justice is properly served. The series will also mark as Schwarzenegger’s first major scripted TV role.[92]

Schwarzenegger returned to the Terminator franchise with Terminator: Dark Fate, which was released on November 1, 2019. It was produced by the series’ co-creator James Cameron, who directed him previously in the first two films in the series and in True Lies.[93][94] It was shot in Almería, Hungary and the US.[95]

The Celebrity Apprentice

In September 2015, the media announced that Schwarzenegger was to replace Donald Trump as host of The New Celebrity Apprentice.[96] This show, the 15th season of The Apprentice, aired during the 2016–2017 TV season. In the show, he used the phrases «you’re terminated» and «get to the choppa», which are quotes from some of his famous roles (The Terminator and Predator, respectively), when firing the contestants.[97][98]

In March 2017, following repeated criticisms from Trump, Schwarzenegger announced that he would not return for another season on the show. He also reacted to Trump’s remarks in January 2017 via Instagram: «Hey, Donald, I have a great idea. Why don’t we switch jobs? You take over TV because you’re such an expert in ratings, and I take over your job, and then people can finally sleep comfortably again.»[99]

Political career

Early politics

Schwarzenegger has been a registered Republican for many years. When he was an actor, his political views were always well known as they contrasted with those of many other prominent Hollywood stars, who are generally considered to be a left-wing and Democratic-leaning community. At the 2004 Republican National Convention, Schwarzenegger gave a speech and explained that he was a Republican because he believed the Democrats of the 1960s sounded too much like Austrian socialists.[100]

I finally arrived here in 1968. What a special day it was. I remember I arrived here with empty pockets but full of dreams, full of determination, full of desire. The presidential campaign was in full swing. I remember watching the Nixon–Humphrey presidential race on TV. A friend of mine who spoke German and English translated for me. I heard Humphrey saying things that sounded like socialism, which I had just left.
But then I heard Nixon speak. He was talking about free enterprise, getting the government off your back, lowering the taxes and strengthening the military. Listening to Nixon speak sounded more like a breath of fresh air. I said to my friend, I said, «What party is he?» My friend said, «He’s a Republican.» I said, «Then I am a Republican.» And I have been a Republican ever since.

Arnold Schwarzenegger on Capitol Hill in 1991 for an event related to the President’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports

In 1985, Schwarzenegger appeared in «Stop the Madness», an anti-drug music video sponsored by the Reagan administration. He first came to wide public notice as a Republican during the 1988 presidential election, accompanying then–Vice President George H. W. Bush at a campaign rally.[101]

Schwarzenegger famously introduced the first episode of the 1990 Milton Friedman hosted PBS series Free to Choose stating:

I truly believe that the series has changed my life, and when you have such a powerful experience as that, I think you shouldn’t keep it to yourself, so I wanted to share it with you. Being ‘Free to choose’ for me means being free to make your own decisions, free to live your own life, pursue your own goals, chase your own rainbow without the government breathing down on your neck or standing on your shoes. For me that meant coming here to America, because I came from a socialistic country where the government controls the economy. It’s a place where you can hear 18-year-old kids already talking about their pension. But me, I wanted more. I wanted to be the best. Individualism like that is incompatible with socialism. So I felt I had to come to America.[102][103]

Schwarzenegger goes on to tell of how he and his then wife Maria Shriver were in Palm Springs preparing to play a game of mixed doubles when Milton Friedman’s famous show came on the television. Schwarzenegger recalls that while watching Friedman’s Free to Choose, Schwarzenegger, «…recognized Friedman from the study of my own degree in economics, but I didn’t know I was watching Free to Choose… it knocked me out. Dr. Friedman expressed, validated and explained everything I ever thought or experienced or observed about the way the economy works, and I guess I was really ready to hear it.»[103] Numerous critics state that Schwarzenegger strayed from much of Friedman’s economic ways of thinking in later years, especially upon being elected Governor of California from 2003 through 2011.[104][105]

Schwarzenegger’s first political appointment was as chairman of the President’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports, on which he served from 1990 to 1993.[13] He was nominated by the then-President Bush, who dubbed him «Conan the Republican». He later served as chairman for the California Governor’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports under Governor Pete Wilson.

Between 1993 and 1994, Schwarzenegger was a Red Cross ambassador (a ceremonial role fulfilled by celebrities), recording several television and radio public service announcements to donate blood.

In an interview with Talk magazine in late 1999, Schwarzenegger was asked if he thought of running for office. He replied, «I think about it many times. The possibility is there because I feel it inside.» The Hollywood Reporter claimed shortly after that Schwarzenegger sought to end speculation that he might run for governor of California. Following his initial comments, Schwarzenegger said, «I’m in show business – I am in the middle of my career. Why would I go away from that and jump into something else?»[106]

Governor of California

Schwarzenegger’s official portrait as Governor of California, 2003

Schwarzenegger announced his candidacy in the 2003 California recall election for Governor of California on the August 6, 2003, episode of The Tonight Show with Jay Leno.[24] Schwarzenegger had the most name recognition in a crowded field of candidates, but he had never held public office and his political views were unknown to most Californians. His candidacy immediately became national and international news, with media outlets dubbing him the «Governator» (referring to The Terminator movies, see above) and «The Running Man» (the name of another one of his films), and calling the recall election «Total Recall» (yet another movie starring Schwarzenegger). Schwarzenegger declined to participate in several debates with other recall replacement candidates, and appeared in only one debate on September 24, 2003.[107]

President George W. Bush meets with Schwarzenegger after his successful election to the California Governorship.

On October 7, 2003, the recall election resulted in Governor Gray Davis being removed from office with 55.4% of the Yes vote in favor of a recall. Schwarzenegger was elected Governor of California under the second question on the ballot with 48.6% of the vote to choose a successor to Davis. Schwarzenegger defeated Democrat Cruz Bustamante, fellow Republican Tom McClintock, and others. His nearest rival, Bustamante, received 31% of the vote. In total, Schwarzenegger won the election by about 1.3 million votes. Under the regulations of the California Constitution, no runoff election was required. Schwarzenegger was the second foreign-born governor of California after Irish-born Governor John G. Downey in 1862.

Schwarzenegger is a moderate Republican.[108] He says he is fiscally conservative and socially liberal.[109] On the issue of abortion, he describes himself as pro-choice, but supports parental notification for minors and a ban on partial-birth abortion.[110] He has supported gay rights, such as domestic partnerships, and he performed a same-sex marriage as governor.[111] However, Schwarzenegger vetoed bills that would have legalized same-sex marriage in California in 2005 and 2007.[112][113] He additionally vetoed two bills that would have implemented a single-payer health care system in California in 2006[114][115] and 2008,[116] respectively.

Schwarzenegger was entrenched in what he considered to be his mandate in cleaning up political gridlock. Building on a catchphrase from the sketch «Hans and Franz» from Saturday Night Live (which partly parodied his bodybuilding career), Schwarzenegger called the Democratic State politicians «girlie men».[117]

Arnold Schwarzenegger in June 2010

Schwarzenegger’s early victories included repealing an unpopular increase in the vehicle registration fee as well as preventing driver’s licenses from being given out to illegal immigrants, but later he began to feel the backlash when powerful state unions began to oppose his various initiatives. Key among his reckoning with political realities was a special election he called in November 2005, in which four ballot measures he sponsored were defeated. Schwarzenegger accepted personal responsibility for the defeats and vowed to continue to seek consensus for the people of California. He would later comment that «no one could win if the opposition raised 160 million dollars to defeat you». The U.S. Supreme Court later found the public employee unions’ use of compulsory fundraising during the campaign had been illegal in Knox v. Service Employees International Union, Local 1000.[118]

Schwarzenegger, against the advice of fellow Republican strategists, appointed a Democrat, Susan Kennedy, as his Chief of Staff. He gradually moved towards a more politically moderate position, determined to build a winning legacy with only a short time to go until the next gubernatorial election.

Schwarzenegger ran for re-election against Democrat Phil Angelides, the California State Treasurer, in the 2006 elections, held on November 7, 2006. Despite a poor year nationally for the Republican party, Schwarzenegger won re-election with 56.0% of the vote compared with 38.9% for Angelides, a margin of well over 1 million votes.[119] Around this time, many commentators saw Schwarzenegger as moving away from the right and towards the center of the political spectrum. After hearing a speech by Schwarzenegger at the 2006 Martin Luther King Jr. Day breakfast, in which Schwarzenegger said, in part «How wrong I was when I said everyone has an equal opportunity to make it in America […] the state of California does not provide (equal) education for all of our children», San Francisco mayor & future governor of California Gavin Newsom said that «[H]e’s becoming a Democrat [… H]e’s running back, not even to the center. I would say center-left».[120]

Some speculated that Schwarzenegger might run for the United States Senate in 2010, as his governorship would be term-limited by that time. Such rumors turned out to be false.[121][122]

Wendy Leigh, who wrote an unofficial biography on Schwarzenegger, claims he plotted his political rise from an early age using the movie business and bodybuilding as the means to escape a depressing home.[20] Leigh portrays Schwarzenegger as obsessed with power and quotes him as saying, «I wanted to be part of the small percentage of people who were leaders, not the large mass of followers. I think it is because I saw leaders use 100% of their potential – I was always fascinated by people in control of other people.»[20] Schwarzenegger has said that it was never his intention to enter politics, but he says, «I married into a political family. You get together with them and you hear about policy, about reaching out to help people. I was exposed to the idea of being a public servant and Eunice and Sargent Shriver became my heroes.»[36] Eunice Kennedy Shriver was the sister of John F. Kennedy, and mother-in-law to Schwarzenegger; Sargent Shriver is husband to Eunice and father-in-law to Schwarzenegger.

Schwarzenegger cannot run for U.S. president as he is not a natural-born citizen of the United States. Schwarzenegger is a dual Austrian and United States citizen.[123] He has held Austrian citizenship since birth and U.S. citizenship since becoming naturalized in 1983. Being Austrian and thus European, he was able to win the 2007 European Voice campaigner of the year award for taking action against climate change with the California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 and plans to introduce an emissions trading scheme with other US states and possibly with the EU.[124]

Because of his personal wealth from his acting career, Schwarzenegger did not accept his governor’s salary of $175,000 per year.[125]

Schwarzenegger’s endorsement in the Republican primary of the 2008 U.S. presidential election was highly sought; despite being good friends with candidates Rudy Giuliani and Senator John McCain, Schwarzenegger remained neutral throughout 2007 and early 2008. Giuliani dropped out of the presidential race on January 30, 2008, largely because of a poor showing in Florida, and endorsed McCain. Later that night, Schwarzenegger was in the audience at a Republican debate at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library in California. The following day, he endorsed McCain, joking, «It’s Rudy’s fault!» (in reference to his friendships with both candidates and that he could not make up his mind). Schwarzenegger’s endorsement was thought to be a boost for Senator McCain’s campaign; both spoke about their concerns for the environment and economy.[126]

In its April 2010 report, Progressive ethics watchdog group Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington named Schwarzenegger one of 11 «worst governors» in the United States because of various ethics issues throughout Schwarzenegger’s term as governor.[127][128]

Governor Schwarzenegger played a significant role in opposing Proposition 66, a proposed amendment of the Californian Three Strikes Law, in November 2004. This amendment would have required the third felony to be either violent or serious to mandate a 25-years-to-life sentence. In the last week before the ballot, Schwarzenegger launched an intense campaign[129] against Proposition 66.[130] He stated that «it would release 26,000 dangerous criminals and rapists».[131]

Although he began his tenure as governor with record high approval ratings (as high as 65% in May 2004),[132] he left office with a record low 23%,[133] only one percent higher than that of Gray Davis, when he was recalled in October 2003.

Death of Luis Santos

In May 2010, Esteban Núñez pleaded guilty to voluntary manslaughter and was sentenced to 16 years in prison for the death of Luis Santos. Núñez is the son of Fabian Núñez, then California Assembly Speaker of the House and a close friend and staunch political ally of then governor Schwarzenegger.[134][135][136][137]

As a personal favor to «a friend», just hours before he left office, and as one of his last official acts, Schwarzenegger commuted Núñez’s sentence by more than half, to seven years.[136][138][139] He believed that Núñez’s sentence was «excessive» in comparison with the same prison term imposed on Ryan Jett, the man who fatally stabbed Santos.[140] Against protocol, Schwarzenegger did not inform Santos’ family or the San Diego County prosecutors about the commutation. They learned about it in a call from a reporter.[139]

The Santos family, along with the San Diego district attorney, sued to stop the commutation, claiming that it violated Marsy’s Law. In September 2012, Sacramento County superior court judge Lloyd Connelly stated, «Based on the evidentiary records before this court involving this case, there was an abuse of discretion…This was a distasteful commutation. It was repugnant to the bulk of the citizenry of this state.» However, Connelly ruled that Schwarzenegger remained within his executive powers as governor.[134] Subsequently, as a direct result of the way the commutation was handled, Governor Jerry Brown signed a bipartisan bill that allows offenders’ victims and their families to be notified at least 10 days before any commutations.[141] Núñez was released from prison after serving less than six years.[142]

Drug use and allegations of sexual misconduct

During his initial campaign for governor in 2003, allegations of sexual and personal misconduct were raised against Schwarzenegger.[143] Within the last five days before the election, news reports appeared in the Los Angeles Times recounting decades-old allegations of sexual misconduct from six individual women.[144][143] Schwarzenegger responded to the allegations in 2004 admitting that he has «behaved badly sometimes» and apologized, but also stated that «a lot of [what] you see in the stories is not true».[145] One of the women who came forward was British television personality Anna Richardson, who settled a libel lawsuit in August 2006 against Schwarzenegger; his top aide, Sean Walsh; and his publicist, Sheryl Main.[146] A joint statement read: «The parties are content to put this matter behind them and are pleased that this legal dispute has now been settled.»[146][147]

During this time a 1977 interview in adult magazine Oui gained attention, in which Schwarzenegger discussed using substances such as marijuana.[148] Schwarzenegger is shown smoking a marijuana joint after winning Mr. Olympia in 1975 in the documentary film Pumping Iron (1977). In an interview with GQ magazine in October 2007, Schwarzenegger said, «[Marijuana] is not a drug. It’s a leaf. My drug was pumping iron, trust me.»[149] His spokesperson later said the comment was meant to be a joke.[149]

Citizenship

Schwarzenegger became a naturalized U.S. citizen on September 17, 1983.[150] Shortly before he gained his citizenship, he asked the Austrian authorities for the right to keep his Austrian citizenship, as Austria does not usually allow dual citizenship. His request was granted, and he retained his Austrian citizenship.[151] In 2005, Peter Pilz, a member of the Austrian Parliament from the Austrian Green Party, unsuccessfully advocated for Parliament to revoke Schwarzenegger’s Austrian citizenship due to his decision not to prevent the executions of Donald Beardslee and Stanley Williams. Pilz argued that Schwarzenegger caused damage to Austria’s reputation in the international community because Austria abolished the death penalty in 1968. Pilz based his argument on Article 33 of the Austrian Citizenship Act, which states: «A citizen, who is in the public service of a foreign country, shall be deprived of his citizenship if he heavily damages the reputation or the interests of the Austrian Republic.»[123] Pilz claimed that Schwarzenegger’s actions in support of the death penalty (prohibited in Austria under Protocol 13 of the European Convention on Human Rights) had damaged Austria’s reputation. Schwarzenegger explained his actions by pointing out that his only duty as Governor of California with respect to the death penalty was to correct an error by the justice system by pardon or clemency if such an error had occurred.

Environmental record

On September 27, 2006, Schwarzenegger signed the Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006, creating the nation’s first cap on greenhouse gas emissions. The law set new regulations on the amount of emissions utilities, refineries, and manufacturing plants are allowed to release into the atmosphere. Schwarzenegger also signed a second global warming bill that prohibits large utilities and corporations in California from making long-term contracts with suppliers who do not meet the state’s greenhouse gas emission standards. The two bills are part of a plan to reduce California’s emissions by 25 percent to 1990s levels by 2020. In 2005, Schwarzenegger issued an executive order calling to reduce greenhouse gases to 80 percent below 1990 levels by 2050.[152]

Schwarzenegger signed another executive order on October 17, 2006, allowing California to work with the Northeast’s Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative. They plan to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by issuing a limited amount of carbon credits to each power plant in participating states. Any power plants that exceed emissions for the number of carbon credits will have to purchase more credits to cover the difference. The plan took effect in 2009.[153] In addition to using his political power to fight global warming, the governor has taken steps at his home to reduce his personal carbon footprint. Schwarzenegger has adapted one of his Hummers to run on hydrogen and another to run on biofuels. He has also installed solar panels to heat his home.[154]

In respect for his contribution to the direction of the US motor industry, Schwarzenegger was invited to open the 2009 SAE World Congress in Detroit on April 20, 2009.[155]

In 2011, Schwarzenegger founded the R20 Regions of Climate Action to develop a sustainable, low-carbon economy.[156] In 2017, he joined French President Emmanuel Macron in calling for the adoption of a Global Pact for the Environment.[157]
In 2017, Schwarzenegger launched the Austrian World Summit,[158] an international climate conference that is held annually in Vienna, Austria. The Austrian World Summit is organized by the Schwarzenegger Climate Initiative and aims is to bring together representatives from politics, civil society and business to create a broad alliance for climate protection and to identify concrete solutions to the climate crisis.

Electoral history

Presidential ambitions

Presidential aspirations by the Austrian-born Schwarzenegger would be blocked by a constitutional hurdle; Article II, Section I, Clause V prevents individuals who are not natural-born citizens of the United States from assuming the office. The Equal Opportunity to Govern Amendment in 2003 was widely accredited as the «Amend for Arnold» bill, which would have added an amendment to the U.S. Constitution allowing his run. In 2004, the «Amend for Arnold» campaign was launched, featuring a website and TV advertising promotion.[159][160]

In June 2007, Schwarzenegger was featured on the cover of Time magazine with Michael Bloomberg, and subsequently, the two joked about a presidential ticket together.[161][162]

In October 2013, the New York Post reported that Schwarzenegger was exploring a future run for president. At the time he had reportedly been lobbying legislators about a possible constitutional change, or filing a legal challenge to the requirement that presidents be native-born. Columbia University law professor Michael Dorf observed that Schwarzenegger’s possible lawsuit could ultimately win him the right to run for the office, noting, «The law is very clear, but it’s not 100 percent clear that the courts would enforce that law rather than leave it to the political process.»[163][better source needed]

Business career

Schwarzenegger has had a highly successful business career.[20][36] Following his move to the United States, Schwarzenegger became a «prolific goal setter» and would write his objectives at the start of the year on index cards, like starting a mail order business or buying a new car – and succeed in doing so.[30] By the age of 25, Schwarzenegger was a millionaire, well before his career in Hollywood. His financial independence came from his success as a budding entrepreneur with a series of lucrative business ventures and real estate investments.[164]

Bricklaying business, bodybuilding, and fitness mail order

In 1968, Schwarzenegger and fellow bodybuilder Franco Columbu started a bricklaying business. The business flourished thanks to the pair’s marketing savvy and an increased demand following the 1971 San Fernando earthquake.[165][166] Schwarzenegger and Columbu used profits from their bricklaying venture to start a mail-order business that sold bodybuilding- and fitness-related equipment and instructional tapes.[13][165]

Investments

Schwarzenegger transferred profits from the mail-order business and his bodybuilding-competition winnings into his first real estate investment venture: an apartment building he purchased for $10,000. He would later go on to invest in a number of real estate holding companies.[167][168]

Stallone and Schwarzenegger ended their longtime rivalry by both investing in the Planet Hollywood[66] chain of international theme restaurants (modeled after the Hard Rock Cafe) along with Bruce Willis and Demi Moore. However, Schwarzenegger severed his financial ties with the business in early 2000.[169][170] Schwarzenegger said the company did not have the success he had hoped for, claiming he wanted to focus his attention on «new US global business ventures» and his movie career.[169]

Schwarzenegger also invested in a shopping mall in Columbus, Ohio. He has talked about some of those who have helped him over the years in business: «I couldn’t have learned about business without a parade of teachers guiding me… from Milton Friedman to Donald Trump… and now, Les Wexner and Warren Buffett. I even learned a thing or two from Planet Hollywood, such as when to get out! And I did!»[26] He has significant ownership in Dimensional Fund Advisors, an investment firm.[171] Schwarzenegger is also the owner of Arnold’s Sports Festival, which he started in 1989 and is held annually in Columbus, Ohio. It is a festival that hosts thousands of international health and fitness professionals which has also expanded into a three-day expo. He also owns a movie production company called Oak Productions, Inc. and Fitness Publications, a joint publishing venture with Simon & Schuster.[172]

In 2018, Schwarzenegger partnered with LeBron James to found Ladder, a company that developed nutritional supplements to help athletes with severe cramps. The duo sold Ladder to Openfit for an undisclosed amount in 2020 after reporting more than $4 million in sales for that year.[173]

Restaurant

In 1992, Schwarzenegger and his wife opened a restaurant in Santa Monica called Schatzi On Main. Schatzi literally means «little treasure,» and colloquially «honey» or «darling» in German. In 1998, he sold his restaurant.[174]

Wealth

Schwarzenegger’s net worth had been conservatively estimated at $100 million to $200 million.[175] After separating from his wife, Maria Shriver, in 2011, it was estimated that his net worth had been approximately $400 million, and even as high as $800 million, based on tax returns he filed in 2006.[176] Over the years, he invested his bodybuilding and film earnings in an array of stocks, bonds, privately controlled companies, and real estate holdings worldwide, making his net worth difficult to accurately estimate, particularly in light of declining real estate values owing to economic recessions in the U.S. and Europe since the late 2000s. In June 1997, he spent $38 million of his own money on a private Gulfstream jet.[177] He once quipped, «Money doesn’t make you happy. I now have $50 million, but I was just as happy when I had $48 million.»[20]

Commercial advertisements

He appears in a series of commercials for the Machine Zone game Mobile Strike as a military commander and spokesman.[178]

Personal life

Early relationships

In 1969, Schwarzenegger met Barbara Outland (later Barbara Outland Baker), an English teacher with whom he lived until 1974.[179] Schwarzenegger said of Baker in his 1977 memoir, «Basically it came down to this: she was a well-balanced woman who wanted an ordinary, solid life, and I was not a well-balanced man, and hated the very idea of ordinary life.»[179] Baker has described Schwarzenegger as a «joyful personality, totally charismatic, adventurous, and athletic» but claims that towards the end of the relationship he became «insufferable—classically conceited—the world revolved around him».[180] Baker published her memoir in 2006, entitled Arnold and Me: In the Shadow of the Austrian Oak.[181] Although Baker painted an unflattering portrait of her former lover at times, Schwarzenegger actually contributed to the tell-all book with a foreword, and also met with Baker for three hours.[181]

Baker claims that she only learned of his being unfaithful after they split, and talks of a turbulent and passionate love life.[181] Schwarzenegger has made it clear that their respective recollection of events can differ.[181] The couple first met six to eight months after his arrival in the U.S. Their first date was watching the first Apollo Moon landing on television.[30] They shared an apartment in Santa Monica, California, for three and a half years, and having little money, they would visit the beach all day or have barbecues in the back yard.[30] Although Baker claims that when she first met Schwarzenegger, he had «little understanding of polite society» and she found him a turn-off, she says, «He’s as much a self-made man as it’s possible to be—he never got encouragement from his parents, his family, his brother. He just had this huge determination to prove himself, and that was very attractive … I’ll go to my grave knowing Arnold loved me.»[30]

Schwarzenegger met his next lover, Beverly Hills hairdresser’s assistant Sue Moray, on Venice Beach in July 1977. According to Moray, the couple led an open relationship: «We were faithful when we were both in LA… but when he was out of town, we were free to do whatever we wanted.»[21] Schwarzenegger met television journalist Maria Shriver, niece of President John F. Kennedy, at the Robert F. Kennedy Tennis Tournament in August 1977. He went on to have a relationship with both Moray and Shriver until August 1978 when Moray (who knew of his relationship with Shriver) issued an ultimatum.[21]

Marriage and family

On April 26, 1986, Schwarzenegger married Shriver in Hyannis, Massachusetts.[182] They have four children, including Katherine Schwarzenegger and Patrick Schwarzenegger.[183][184][185] All of their children were born in Los Angeles.[186] The family lived in an 11,000-square-foot (1,000 m2) home in the Brentwood neighborhood of Los Angeles, California,[187][188] with vacation homes in Sun Valley, Idaho, and Hyannis Port, Massachusetts.[189] They attended St. Monica’s Catholic Church.[190]

Divorce

On May 9, 2011, Shriver and Schwarzenegger ended their relationship after 25 years of marriage with Shriver moving out of their Brentwood mansion.[191][192][193] On May 16, 2011, the Los Angeles Times revealed that Schwarzenegger had fathered a son more than 14 years earlier with an employee in their household, Mildred Patricia «Patty» Baena.[194][195][196] «After leaving the governor’s office I told my wife about this event, which occurred over a decade ago,» Schwarzenegger said to the Times. In the statement, Schwarzenegger did not mention that he had confessed to his wife only after she had confronted him with the information, which she had done after confirming with the housekeeper what she had suspected about the child.[197]

Baena is of Guatemalan origin. She was employed by the family for 20 years and retired in January 2011.[198] The pregnant Baena was working in the home while Shriver was pregnant with the youngest of the couple’s four children.[199] Baena’s son with Schwarzenegger was born days after Shriver gave birth.[200][201] Schwarzenegger said that it took seven or eight years before he found out that he had fathered a child with his housekeeper. It was not until the boy «started looking like [him] … that [he] put things together».[202] Schwarzenegger has taken financial responsibility for the child «from the start and continued to provide support».[203] KNX 1070 radio reported that, in 2010, he bought a new four-bedroom house with a pool for Baena and their son in Bakersfield, California.[204] Baena separated from her husband, Rogelio, a few months after Joseph’s birth. She filed for divorce in 2008.[205] Rogelio said that the child’s birth certificate was falsified and that he planned to sue Schwarzenegger for engaging in conspiracy to falsify a public document, a serious crime in California.[206]

Pursuant to the divorce judgment, Schwarzenegger kept the Brentwood home, while Shriver purchased a new home nearby so that the children could travel between their parents’ homes. They shared custody of the two youngest children.[207] Schwarzenegger came under fire after the initial petition did not include spousal support and a reimbursement of attorney’s fees.[86] However, he claims this was not intentional and that he signed the initial documents without having properly read them.[86] He filed amended divorce papers remedying this.[86][208] Schwarzenegger and Shriver finalized their divorce in 2021, ten years after separating.[209][210]

In June 2022, a jury ruled that Maria Shriver was entitled to half of her ex-husband’s post-divorce savings that he earned from 1986 to 2011, including a pension.[211]

After the scandal, Danish-Italian actress Brigitte Nielsen came forward and stated that she too had an affair with Schwarzenegger during the production of Red Sonja, while he had just started his relationship with Shriver.[212] When asked in January 2014, «Of all the things you are famous for … which are you least proud of?» Schwarzenegger replied, «I’m least proud of the mistakes I made that caused my family pain and split us up.»[213][214][215][216]

Accidents, injuries, and other health problems

Health problems

Schwarzenegger was born with a bicuspid aortic valve, an aortic valve with only two leaflets, where a normal aortic valve has three.[217][218] He opted in 1997 for a replacement heart valve made from his own pulmonic valve, which itself was replaced with a cadaveric pulmonic valve, in a Ross procedure; medical experts predicted he would require pulmonic heart valve replacement surgery within the next two to eight years because his valve would progressively degrade. Schwarzenegger apparently opted against a mechanical valve, the only permanent solution available at the time of his surgery, because it would have sharply limited his physical activity and capacity to exercise.[219]

On March 29, 2018, Schwarzenegger underwent emergency open-heart surgery for replacement of his replacement pulmonic valve.[220] He said about his recovery: «I underwent open-heart surgery this spring, I had to use a walker. I had to do breathing exercises five times a day to retrain my lungs. I was frustrated and angry, and in my worst moments, I couldn’t see the way back to my old self.»[221]

In 2020, 23 years after his first surgery, Schwarzenegger underwent a surgery for a new aortic valve.[222]

Accidents, injuries

On December 9, 2001, he broke six ribs and was hospitalized for four days after a motorcycle crash in Los Angeles.[223]

Schwarzenegger saved a drowning man in 2004 while on vacation in Hawaii by swimming out and bringing him back to shore.[224]

On January 8, 2006, while Schwarzenegger was riding his Harley Davidson motorcycle in Los Angeles with his son Patrick in the sidecar, another driver backed into the street he was riding on, causing him and his son to collide with the car at a low speed. While his son and the other driver were unharmed, Schwarzenegger sustained an injury to his lip requiring 15 stitches. «No citations were issued,» said Officer Jason Lee, a Los Angeles Police Department spokesman.[225] Schwarzenegger did not obtain his motorcycle license until July 3, 2006.[226]

Schwarzenegger tripped over his ski pole and broke his right femur while skiing in Sun Valley, Idaho, with his family on December 23, 2006.[227] On December 26, he underwent a 90-minute operation in which cables and screws were used to wire the broken bone back together. He was released from St. John’s Health Center on December 30, 2006.[228]

Schwarzenegger’s private jet made an emergency landing at Van Nuys Airport on June 19, 2009, after the pilot reported smoke coming from the cockpit, according to a statement released by his press secretary. No one was harmed in the incident.[229]

On May 18, 2019, while on a visit to South Africa, Schwarzenegger was attacked and dropkicked from behind by an unknown malefactor while giving autographs to his fans at one of the local schools. Despite the surprise and unprovoked nature of the attack, he reportedly suffered no injuries and continued to interact with fans. The attacker was apprehended and Schwarzenegger declined to press charges against him.[230][231][232]

Schwarzenegger was involved in a multi-vehicle collision on the afternoon of Friday, January 21, 2022. Schwarzenegger was driving a black GMC Yukon SUV near the intersections of Sunset Blvd and Allenford Ave in the Brentwood neighborhood of Los Angeles, when his vehicle collided with a red Toyota Prius. The driver of the Prius was transported to the hospital for injuries sustained to her head. Schwarzenegger was uninjured.[233][234][235]

Height

Schwarzenegger’s official height of 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m) has been brought into question by several articles. During his bodybuilding days in the late 1960s, it was claimed that he measured 6 ft 1.5 in (1.867 m). However, in 1988, both the Daily Mail and Time Out magazine mentioned that Schwarzenegger appeared noticeably shorter.[236] Prior to running for governor, Schwarzenegger’s height was once again questioned in an article by the Chicago Reader.[237] As governor, Schwarzenegger engaged in a light-hearted exchange with Assemblyman Herb Wesson over their heights. At one point, Wesson made an unsuccessful attempt to, in his own words, «settle this once and for all and find out how tall he is» by using a tailor’s tape measure on the Governor.[238] Schwarzenegger retaliated by placing a pillow stitched with the words «Need a lift?» on the five-foot-five-inch (1.65 m) Wesson’s chair before a negotiating session in his office.[239] Democrat Bob Mulholland also claimed Schwarzenegger was 5 ft 10 in (1.78 m) and that he wore risers in his boots.[240] In 1999, Men’s Health magazine stated his height was 5 ft 10 in (1.78 m).[241]

Autobiography

Schwarzenegger’s autobiography, Total Recall, was released in October 2012. He devotes one chapter called «The Secret» to his extramarital affair. The majority of his book is about his successes in the three major chapters in his life: bodybuilder, actor, and Governor of California.[242]

Vehicles

Growing up during the Allied occupation of Austria, Schwarzenegger commonly saw heavy military vehicles such as tanks as a child.[243] As a result, he paid $20,000 to bring his Austrian Army M47 Patton tank (331) to the United States,[244] which he previously operated during his mandatory service in 1965. However, he later obtained his vehicle in 1991/2,[245] during his tenure as the Chairmen of the President’s Council on Sports, Fitness, and Nutrition,[246] and now uses it to support his charity.[245] His first car ever was an Opel Kadett in 1969 after serving in the Austrian army, then he rode a Harley-Davidson Fat Boy in 1991.[247]

Moreover, he came to develop an interest in large vehicles and became the first civilian in the U.S. to purchase a Humvee. He was so enamored by the vehicle that he lobbied the Humvee’s manufacturer, AM General, to produce a street-legal, civilian version, which they did in 1992; the first two Hummer H1s they sold were also purchased by Schwarzenegger. In 2010, he had one regular and three running on non-fossil power sources; one for hydrogen, one for vegetable oil, and one for biodiesel.[248] Schwarzenegger was in the news in 2014 for buying a rare Bugatti Veyron Grand Sport Vitesse. He was spotted and filmed in 2015 in his car, painted silver with bright aluminum forged wheels. His Bugatti has its interior adorned in dark brown leather.[249] In 2017, Schwarzenegger acquired a Mercedes G-Class modified for all-electric drive.[250]

The Hummers that Schwarzenegger bought in 1992 are so large—each weighs 6,300 lb (2,900 kg) and is 7 feet (2.1 m) wide—that they are classified as large trucks, and U.S. fuel economy regulations do not apply to them. During the gubernatorial recall campaign, he announced that he would convert one of his Hummers to burn hydrogen. The conversion was reported to have cost about $21,000. After the election, he signed an executive order to jump-start the building of hydrogen refueling plants called the California Hydrogen Highway Network, and gained a U.S. Department of Energy grant to help pay for its projected US$91,000,000 cost.[251] California took delivery of the first H2H (Hydrogen Hummer) in October 2004.[252]

Public image and legacy

Schwarzenegger has been involved with the Special Olympics for many years after they were founded by his ex-mother-in-law Eunice Kennedy Shriver.[253] In 2007, Schwarzenegger was the official spokesperson for the Special Olympics held in Shanghai, China.[254] Schwarzenegger believes that quality school opportunities should be made available to children who might not normally be able to access them.[255] In 1995, he founded the Inner City Games Foundation (ICG) which provides cultural, educational and community enrichment programming to youth. ICG is active in 15 cities around the country and serves over 250,000 children in over 400 schools countrywide.[255] He has also been involved with After-School All-Stars and founded the Los Angeles branch in 2002.[256] ASAS is an after school program provider, educating youth about health, fitness and nutrition.

On February 12, 2010, Schwarzenegger took part in the Vancouver Olympic Torch relay. He handed off the flame to the next runner, Sebastian Coe.[257]

Schwarzenegger had a collection of Marxist busts, which he requested from Russian friends during the dissolution of the Soviet Union, as they were being destroyed. In 2011, he revealed that his wife had requested their removal, but he kept the one of Vladimir Lenin present, since «he was the first».[258] In 2015, he said he kept the Lenin bust to «show losers».[259]

Schwarzenegger is a supporter of Israel, and has participated in a Los Angeles pro-Israel rally[260] among other similar events.[261] In 2004, Schwarzenegger visited Israel to break ground on Simon Wiesenthal Center’s Museum of Tolerance Jerusalem, and to lay a wreath at the Yad Vashem Holocaust Memorial, he also met with Prime Minister Ariel Sharon and President Moshe Katsav.[262] In 2011, at the Independence Day celebration hosted by the Israeli Consulate General in Los Angeles, Schwarzenegger said: «I love Israel. When I became governor, Israel was the first country that I visited. When I had the chance to sign a bill calling on California pension funds to divest their money from companies that do business with Iran, I immediately signed that bill», then he added, «I knew that we could not send money to these crazy dictators who hate us and threaten Israel any time they have a bad day.»[261]

Schwarzenegger with former Chancellor of Austria, Christian Kern in September 2017

Schwarzenegger supported the 2003 invasion of Iraq.[263] Schwarzenegger also expressed support for the 2011 military intervention in Libya.[264] In 2014, Schwarzenegger released a video message in support of the Euromaidan protests against Ukraine’s pro-Russian President Viktor Yanukovych.[265] In 2022, Schwarzenegger released another video message condemning the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. Schwarzenegger’s Twitter account is one of the 22 accounts that the president of Russia’s Twitter account follows.[266]

Schwarzenegger, who played football as a boy, grew up watching Bayern Munich and Sturm Graz.[267] He also expressed his admiration of Jürgen Klopp’s Liverpool in October 2019.[267]

Schwarzenegger inspired many actors to become action heroes, including Dwayne Johnson,[268][269] Matt McColm,[270] Christian Boeving,[271] Vidyut Jamwal,[272] and Daniel Greene.[271] Boeving’s character in the 2003 action film When Eagles Strike was based on Schwarzenegger’s image from the late 1980s: mostly on Major «Dutch» Schaefer from Predator (1987) and Colonel John Matrix from Commando (1985).[273] In 2022, Schwarzenegger’s use of a shotgun in the Terminator film series was referenced by actor Vijay in the Indian film Beast.[274]

Schwarzenegger Institute for State and Global Policy

In 2012, Schwarzenegger helped to found the Schwarzenegger Institute for State and Global Policy, which is a part of the USC Price School of Public Policy at the University of Southern California.[275] The institute’s mission is to «[advance] post-partisanship, where leaders put people over political parties and work together to find the best ideas and solutions to benefit the people they serve» and to «seek to influence public policy and public debate in finding solutions to the serious challenges we face».[276] Schwarzenegger serves as chairman of the institute.[277]

Global warming

At a 2015 security conference, Schwarzenegger called climate change the issue of our time.[278] He also urged politicians to stop treating climate change as a political issue.[279]

2016 presidential election

For the 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries, Schwarzenegger endorsed fellow Republican John Kasich.[280] However, he announced in October that he would not vote for the Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump in that year’s United States presidential election, with this being the first time he did not vote for the Republican candidate since becoming a citizen in 1983.[281][282][283]

Post-2016

Schwarzenegger participating in a video promoting wearing face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic. The video features appearances of all the living governors of California.

In recent years, Schwarzenegger has been advocating for eating less meat,[284] and he is an executive producer alongside James Cameron et al. behind the documentary The Game Changers,[285] that documents the explosive rise of plant-based eating in professional sports, in which he is also featured.

In 2017, Schwarzenegger condemned white supremacists who were seen carrying Nazi and Confederate flags by calling their heroes «losers».[286]

In 2019, while at the «Arnold Classic Africa» sports competition as an official, Schwarzenegger was attacked by an assailant in a flying kick. The assailant was arrested.[287]

Following the January 6 United States Capitol attack by supporters of President Donald Trump, Schwarzenegger posted a video address on social media in which he likened the insurrection to Nazi Germany’s Kristallnacht, which he described as «a night of rampage against the Jews carried out [by] the Nazi equivalent of the Proud Boys». He spoke of his father’s alcoholism, domestic violence, and abuse, and how it was typical of other former Nazis and collaborators in the post-war era; and described Trump as «a failed leader. He will go down in history as the worst president ever.»[288][289]

In late March 2021, Schwarzenegger was interviewed by Politico about the upcoming recall election in California in which he said that «it’s pretty much the same atmosphere today as it was then»,[290] and when he was asked about Newsom’s claim of this being a «Republican recall» he responded that «this recall effort is sparked by ordinary folks», and that this was not a power grab by Republicans.[291][292]

Schwarzenegger has spoken out about COVID-19, urging Americans to wear masks and practice social distancing. In August 2021, he said: «There is a virus here. It kills people and the only way we prevent it is: get vaccinated, wear masks, do social distancing, washing your hands all the time, and not just to think about, ‘Well my freedom is being kind of disturbed here.’ No, screw your freedom.»[293]

In February 2022, Schwarzenegger said his diet has been mostly vegan for the past five years, saying it was about 80% plant-based food. He has been outspoken about the benefits of a vegan diet for health and said it had helped him feel «healthier and younger overall». He also credited it to helping him lower his cholesterol.[294]

Filmography

  • Hercules in New York (1970)
  • Pumping Iron (1977)
  • The Comeback (1980)
  • Conan the Barbarian (1982)
  • Conan the Destroyer (1984)
  • The Terminator (1984)
  • Commando (1985)
  • Raw Deal (1986)
  • Predator (1987)
  • The Running Man (1987)
  • Red Heat (1988)
  • Twins (1988)
  • Total Recall (1990)
  • Kindergarten Cop (1990)
  • Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991)
  • Last Action Hero (1993)
  • True Lies (1994)
  • Junior (1994)
  • Eraser (1996)
  • Jingle All the Way (1996)
  • Batman & Robin (1997)
  • End of Days (1999)
  • The 6th Day (2000)
  • Collateral Damage (2002)
  • Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines (2003)
  • The Expendables (2010)
  • The Expendables 2 (2012)
  • The Last Stand (2013)
  • Escape Plan (2013)
  • The Expendables 3 (2014)
  • Sabotage (2014)
  • Maggie (2015)
  • Terminator Genisys (2015)
  • Aftermath (2017)
  • Terminator: Dark Fate (2019)

Awards and honors

  • Seven-time Mr. Olympia winner
  • Four-time Mr. Universe winner
  • 1969 World Amateur Bodybuilding Champion
  • 1977 Golden Globe Award winner
  • Medal for Humanitary Merit of the Austrian Albert Schweitzer Society (2011)[295]
  • Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame
  • International Sports Hall of Fame (class of 2012)[296]
  • Public art mural portrait «Arnold Schwarzenegger» (2012) by Jonas Never, Venice, Los Angeles[297]
  • WWE Hall of Fame (class of 2015)[298][299]
  • Schwarzenegger Institute for State and Global Policy (part of the USC Price School of Public Policy at the University of Southern California) named in his honor.[277]
  • Arnold’s Run ski trail at Sun Valley Resort named in his honor.[300] The trail is categorized as a black diamond, or most difficult, for its terrain.
  • «A Day for Arnold» on July 30, 2007, in Thal, Austria. For his 60th birthday, the mayor sent Schwarzenegger the enameled address sign (Thal 145) of the house where Schwarzenegger was born, declaring «This belongs to him. No one here will ever be assigned that number again».[299][301]
  • Inkpot Award[302]

Government orders and decorations

  • Grand Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria in Gold (1993)[303]
  • Cavalier (2011) and Commander (2017) of the French Legion of Honor[304][305]
  • Honorary Ring of the Federal State of Styria (Austria, June 2017)[306]

Books

  • Schwarzenegger, Arnold (1977). Arnold: Developing a Mr. Universe Physique. Schwarzenegger. OCLC 6457784.
  • Schwarzenegger, Arnold; Douglas Kent Hall (1977). Arnold: The Education of a Bodybuilder. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-671-22879-8.
  • Schwarzenegger, Arnold; Douglas Kent Hall (1979). Arnold’s Bodyshaping for Women. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-671-24301-2.
  • Schwarzenegger, Arnold; Bill Dobbins (1981). Arnold’s Bodybuilding for Men. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-671-25613-5.
  • Schwarzenegger, Arnold; Bill Dobbins (1998). The New Encyclopedia of Modern Bodybuilding (Rev. ed.). New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-684-84374-2.
  • Schwarzenegger, Arnold (2012). Total Recall. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1-84983-971-6.

See also

  • Genealogy of the Kennedy family
  • List of U.S. state governors born outside the United States

References

Footnotes

Citations

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  2. ^ Kennedy, Robert F. Jr. (May 3, 2007). «The 2007 TIME 100 — TIME». Time. ISSN 0040-781X. Retrieved April 1, 2022.
  3. ^ Heffernan, Conor (August 11, 2016). «Who is the Best Bodybuilder Ever? An In-Depth Analysis». Physicalculturestudy.com. Retrieved May 24, 2022.[permanent dead link]
  4. ^ Robson, David (April 10, 2015). «Who Is The Greatest Mr. Olympia Winner Of All Time? A Critical Review Of Past Mr. Olympia Champions!». Bodybuilding.com. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
  5. ^ Gentilcore, Tony (March 2, 2018). «Lift Heavy To Build Muscle Like Arnold Schwarzenegger». Powerlifting.com. Archived from the original on July 15, 2018. Retrieved May 30, 2018.
  6. ^ a b c «50 years of the Mr Olympia | MUSCLE INSIDER». muscleinsider.com. Archived from the original on October 6, 2018. Retrieved January 30, 2019.
  7. ^ a b c d e f Katz, Ephraim (2006). Film Encyclopedia. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-074214-0.
  8. ^ Ebert, Roger (June 17, 1988). «Red Heat movie review & film summary (1988)». RogerEbert.com. Retrieved March 2, 2021.
  9. ^ Keslassy, Elsa (October 14, 2019). «Alibaba’s Youku Boards ‘Stan Lee’s Superhero Kindergarten’ With Arnold Schwarzenegger». Variety. Retrieved October 19, 2020.
  10. ^ Kurtzman, Laura (January 5, 2007). «Schwarzenegger Sworn in for Second Term». The Washington Post. Associated Press. Archived from the original on November 4, 2012. Retrieved April 23, 2008.
  11. ^ «Arnold Schwarzenegger at University of Houston Commencement: ‘None of Us Can Make It Alone’«. Time. May 15, 2017. Retrieved March 2, 2021.
  12. ^ «Arnold Schwarzenegger and Maria Shriver Officially Divorced». TMZ. December 28, 2021. Retrieved December 29, 2021.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o «Arnold Schwarzenegger: Biography». Schwarzenegger.com. Archived from the original on December 31, 2017. Retrieved December 31, 2017.
  14. ^ a b Tracy Wilkinson; Matt Lait (August 14, 2003). «Austrian Archives Reveal Nazi Military Role of Actor’s Father». Los Angeles Times.
  15. ^ a b «Arnie: ‘I was abused as child’«. The Scotsman. Edinburgh. August 4, 2004. Archived from the original on August 18, 2010. Retrieved April 18, 2008.
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Further reading

  • Andrews, Nigel (2003). True Myths: The Life and Times of Arnold Schwarzenegger: From Pumping Iron to Governor of California (rev. ed.). New York: Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-1-58234-465-2.
  • Baker, Todd (director) (November 11, 1999). Arnold Schwarzenegger: Hollywood Hero (Television production (special)).
  • Blitz, Michael; Louise Krasniewicz (2004). Why Arnold Matters: The Rise of a Cultural Icon. New York: Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-03752-0.
  • Borowitz, Andy (2004). Governor Arnold: A Photodiary of His First 100 Days in Office. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-7432-6266-8.
  • Brandon, Karen (2004). Arnold Schwarzenegger. San Diego: Lucent Books. ISBN 978-1-59018-539-1.
  • Saunders, Dave (2008). «Arnie»: Schwarzenegger and the Movies. London: I. B. Tauris.
  • Sexton, Colleen A. (2005). Arnold Schwarzenegger. Minneapolis: Lerner Publications. ISBN 978-0-8225-1634-7.
  • Zannos, Susan (2000). Arnold Schwarzenegger. Childs, Md.: Mitchell Lane. ISBN 978-1-883845-95-7.

External links

  • Official website
  • Schwarzenegger Museum
  • Arnold Schwarzenegger at Curlie
  • Arnold Schwarzenegger on WWE.com
  • Appearances on C-SPAN
  • Arnold Schwarzenegger at IMDb
  • Arnold Schwarzenegger at the TCM Movie Database
  • Schwarzenegger competing in Mr. Universe (1969) from British Pathé at YouTube
Government offices
Preceded by

Dick Kazmaier

Chair of the President’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports
1990–1993
Succeeded by

Florence Griffith Joyner

as Co-Chair

Succeeded by

Tom McMillen

as Co-Chair

Party political offices
Preceded by

Bill Simon

Republican nominee for Governor of California
2003, 2006
Succeeded by

Meg Whitman

Political offices
Preceded by

Gray Davis

Governor of California
2003–2011
Succeeded by

Jerry Brown

U.S. order of precedence (ceremonial)
Preceded by

Gray Davis

as Former Governor

Order of precedence of the United States
Within California
Succeeded by

Mike Castle

as Former Governor

Order of precedence of the United States
Outside California
Succeeded by

Al Quie

as Former Governor

Arnold Schwarzenegger

Arnold Schwarzenegger by Gage Skidmore 4.jpg

Schwarzenegger in 2019

38th Governor of California
In office
November 17, 2003 – January 3, 2011
Lieutenant
  • Cruz Bustamante
  • John Garamendi
  • Mona Pasquil (acting)
  • Abel Maldonado
Preceded by Gray Davis
Succeeded by Jerry Brown
Chairman of the President’s Council
on Physical Fitness and Sports
In office
January 22, 1990 – May 27, 1993
President
  • George H. W. Bush
  • Bill Clinton
Preceded by Dick Kazmaier
Succeeded by
  • Florence Griffith Joyner (co-chair)
  • Tom McMillen (co-chair)
Personal details
Born

Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger

July 30, 1947 (age 75)
Thal, Styria, Allied-occupied Austria

Citizenship
  • Austria
  • United States
Political party Republican
Spouse

Maria Shriver

(m. 1986; div. 2021)​

Children 5, including Katherine, Patrick and Joseph Baena
Parent
  • Gustav Schwarzenegger (father)
Relatives Chris Pratt (son-in-law)
Occupation
  • Actor
  • bodybuilder
  • businessman
  • politician
  • author
Signature
Website Official website
Military service
Allegiance Austria
Branch/service Bundesheer
Years of service 1965
Unit Belgier Barracks

Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger (born July 30, 1947) is an Austrian and American actor, film producer, businessman, retired professional bodybuilder and politician who served as the 38th governor of California between 2003 and 2011. Time magazine named Schwarzenegger one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2004 and 2007.[1][2]

Schwarzenegger began lifting weights at the age of 15 and went on to win the Mr. Universe title at age 20 and subsequently won the Mr. Olympia title seven times. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest bodybuilders of all time,[3][4] and has written many books and articles about bodybuilding.[5] The Arnold Sports Festival, considered the second-most important bodybuilding event after Mr. Olympia, is named after him.[6] He appeared in the bodybuilding documentary Pumping Iron (1977). Schwarzenegger retired from bodybuilding and gained worldwide fame as a Hollywood action star, with his breakthrough in the sword and sorcery epic Conan the Barbarian (1982), a box-office hit with a sequel in 1984.[7] After playing the title character in the science fiction film The Terminator (1984), he starred in the sequels Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991), Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines (2003), Terminator Genisys (2015), and Terminator: Dark Fate (2019). His other successful action films included Commando (1985), The Running Man (1987), Predator (1987), Red Heat (1988), Total Recall (1990), and True Lies (1994), in addition to comedy films such as Twins (1988), Kindergarten Cop (1990), Junior (1994), and Jingle All the Way (1996).[8] He is the founder of the film production company Oak Productions.[9]

As a Republican candidate, Schwarzenegger was first elected on October 7, 2003, in a special recall election to replace then-Governor Gray Davis. He received 48.6% of the vote, 17 points ahead of Democrat runner-up Cruz Bustamante. He was sworn in on November 17 to serve the remainder of Davis’ term, and was re-elected in the 2006 California gubernatorial election with an increased vote share of 55.9% to serve a full term as governor.[10] In 2011, he reached his term limit as governor and returned to acting.

Schwarzenegger was nicknamed the «Austrian Oak» in his bodybuilding days, «Arnie» or «Schwarzy» during his acting career,[11] and «the Governator» (a portmanteau of «Governor» and «Terminator») during his political career. He married Maria Shriver, a niece of President John F. Kennedy, in 1986. They separated in 2011 after he admitted to having fathered a child with their housemaid in 1997; their divorce was finalized in 2021.[12]

Early life

Schwarzenegger’s birthplace

Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger was born in Thal on July 30, 1947,[13] the second son of Gustav Schwarzenegger and his wife, Aurelia (née Jadrny). Schwarzenegger’s father was the local chief of police. After the Anschluss in 1938, he joined the Nazi Party and, in 1939 the Sturmabteilung (SA). In World War II, he served as a military policeman in the invasions of Poland, France and the Soviet Union, including the siege of Leningrad, rising to the rank of Hauptfeldwebel.[14][15] He was wounded in the Battle of Stalingrad,[16] and was discharged in 1943 following a bout of malaria. According to Holocaust scholar Michael Berenbaum, Gustav Schwarzenegger served «in theaters of the war where atrocities were committed. But there is no way to know from the documents whether he played a role.»[14] Gustav’s background received wide press attention during the 2003 California gubernatorial recall election in which Schwarzenegger was elected governor.[17]

Gustav Schwarzenegger married Aurelia on October 20, 1945; he was 38 and she was 23. According to Schwarzenegger, his parents were very strict: «Back then in Austria it was a very different world […] if we did something bad or we disobeyed our parents, the rod was not spared.»[18] He grew up in a Catholic family.[19] Gustav preferred his elder son, Meinhard, over Arnold.[20] His favoritism was «strong and blatant», which stemmed from unfounded suspicion that Arnold was not his biological child.[21] Schwarzenegger has said that his father had «no patience for listening or understanding your problems».[19] He had a good relationship with his mother, with whom he kept in touch until her death.[22]

Early education and bodybuilding beginnings

At school, Schwarzenegger was reportedly academically average but stood out for his «cheerful, good-humored, and exuberant» character.[19] Money was a problem in their household; Schwarzenegger recalled that one of the highlights of his youth was when the family bought a refrigerator.[21] Schwarzenegger’s father Gustav was an athlete, and wished for his sons to become a champion in Bavarian curling.[23] Influenced by his father, Schwarzenegger played several sports as a boy.[19]

Schwarzenegger began weight training in 1960 when his football coach took his team to a local gym.[13] At the age of 14, he chose bodybuilding over football as a career.[7][24] He later said, «I actually started weight training when I was 15, but I’d been participating in sports, like soccer, for years, so I felt that although I was slim, I was well-developed, at least enough so that I could start going to the gym and start Olympic lifting.»[18] However, his official website biography claims that «at 14, he started an intensive training program with Dan Farmer, studied psychology at 15 (to learn more about the power of mind over body) and at 17, officially started his competitive career.»[25] During a speech in 2001, he said, «My own plan formed when I was 14 years old. My father had wanted me to be a police officer like he was. My mother wanted me to go to trade school.»[26]

Schwarzenegger took to visiting a gym in Graz, where he also frequented the local movie theaters to see bodybuilding idols such as Reg Park, Steve Reeves, and Johnny Weissmuller on the big screen.[18] When Reeves died in 2000, Schwarzenegger fondly remembered him: «As a teenager, I grew up with Steve Reeves. His remarkable accomplishments allowed me a sense of what was possible when others around me didn’t always understand my dreams. Steve Reeves has been part of everything I’ve ever been fortunate enough to achieve.» In 1961, Schwarzenegger met former Mr. Austria Kurt Marnul, who invited him to train at the gym in Graz.[13] He was so dedicated as a youngster that he broke into the local gym on weekends in order to train even when it was closed. «It would make me sick to miss a workout… I knew I couldn’t look at myself in the mirror the next morning if I didn’t do it.» When Schwarzenegger was asked about his first cinema experience as a boy, he replied: «I was very young, but I remember my father taking me to the Austrian theaters and seeing some newsreels. The first real movie I saw, that I distinctly remember, was a John Wayne movie.»[18] In Graz, Schwarzenegger was mentored by Alfred Gerstl, who had Jewish ancestry and later became president of the Federal Council, and befriended his son Karl.[27][28]

Schwarzenegger’s brother, Meinhard, died in a car crash on May 20, 1971.[13] He was driving drunk and died instantly. Schwarzenegger did not attend his funeral. Meinhard was engaged to Erika Knapp, and they had a three-year-old son named Patrick. Schwarzenegger paid for Patrick’s education and helped him to move to the U.S.[21] Gustav died of a stroke on December 13, 1972.[13] In Pumping Iron, Schwarzenegger claimed that he did not attend his father’s funeral because he was training for a bodybuilding contest. Later, he and the film’s producer said this story was taken from another bodybuilder to show the extremes some would go to for their sport and to make Schwarzenegger’s image colder to create controversy for the film.[29] However, Barbara Baker, his first serious girlfriend, recalled that he informed her of his father’s death without emotion and that he never spoke of his brother.[30] Over time, he has given at least three versions of why he was absent from his father’s funeral.[21]

In an interview with Fortune in 2004, Schwarzenegger told how he suffered what «would now be called child abuse» at the hands of his father: «My hair was pulled. I was hit with belts. So was the kid next door. It was just the way it was. Many of the children I’ve seen were broken by their parents, which was the German-Austrian mentality. They didn’t want to create an individual. It was all about conforming. I was one who did not conform, and whose will could not be broken. Therefore, I became a rebel. Every time I got hit, and every time someone said, ‘You can’t do this,’ I said, ‘This is not going to be for much longer because I’m going to move out of here. I want to be rich. I want to be somebody.'»[15]

Schwarzenegger served in the Austrian Army in 1965 to fulfill the one year of service required at the time of all 18-year-old Austrian males.[13][25] During his army service, he won the Junior Mr. Europe contest.[24] He went AWOL during basic training so he could take part in the competition and then spent a week in military prison: «Participating in the competition meant so much to me that I didn’t carefully think through the consequences.» He entered another bodybuilding contest in Graz, at Steirerhof Hotel, where he placed second. He was voted «best-built man of Europe», which made him famous in bodybuilding circles. «The Mr. Universe title was my ticket to America—the land of opportunity, where I could become a star and get rich.»[26] Schwarzenegger made his first plane trip in 1966, attending the NABBA Mr. Universe competition in London.[25] He placed second in the Mr. Universe competition, not having the muscle definition of American winner Chester Yorton.[25]

Charles «Wag» Bennett, one of the judges at the 1966 competition, was impressed with Schwarzenegger and he offered to coach him. As Schwarzenegger had little money, Bennett invited him to stay in his crowded family home above one of his two gyms in Forest Gate, London. Yorton’s leg definition had been judged superior, and Schwarzenegger, under a training program devised by Bennett, concentrated on improving the muscle definition and power in his legs. Staying in the East End of London helped Schwarzenegger improve his rudimentary grasp of the English language.[31][32] Living with the Bennetts also changed him as a person: «Being with them made me so much more sophisticated. When you’re the age I was then, you’re always looking for approval, for love, for attention and also for guidance. At the time, I wasn’t really aware of that. But now, looking back, I see that the Bennett family fulfilled all those needs. Especially my need to be the best in the world. To be recognized and to feel unique and special. They saw that I needed that care and attention and love.»[33]

Also in 1966, while at Bennett’s home, Schwarzenegger had the opportunity to meet childhood idol Reg Park, who became his friend and mentor.[33][34] The training paid off and, in 1967, Schwarzenegger won the title for the first time, becoming the youngest ever Mr. Universe at the age of 20.[25] He would go on to win the title a further three times.[24] Schwarzenegger then flew back to Munich, where he attended a business school and worked in a health club (Rolf Putziger’s gym, where he worked and trained from 1966 to 1968), returning in 1968 to London to win his next Mr. Universe title.[25] He frequently told Roger C. Field, his English coach and friend in Munich at that time, «I’m going to become the greatest actor!»[35]

Schwarzenegger, who dreamed of moving to the U.S. since the age of 10, and saw bodybuilding as the avenue through which to do so,[36] realized his dream by moving to the United States in October 1968 at the age of 21, speaking little English.[24][13] There he trained at Gold’s Gym in Venice, Los Angeles, California, under Joe Weider’s supervision. From 1970 to 1974, one of Schwarzenegger’s weight training partners was Ric Drasin, a professional wrestler who designed the original Gold’s Gym logo in 1973.[37] Schwarzenegger also became good friends with professional wrestler Superstar Billy Graham. In 1970, at age 23, he captured his first Mr. Olympia title in New York, and would go on to win the title a total of seven times.[25]

The immigration law firm Siskind & Susser has stated that Schwarzenegger may have been an illegal immigrant at some point in the late 1960s or early 1970s because of violations in the terms of his visa.[38] LA Weekly would later say in 2002 that Schwarzenegger is the most famous immigrant in the United States, who «overcame a thick Austrian accent and transcended the unlikely background of bodybuilding to become the biggest movie star in the world in the 1990s».[36]

In 1977, Schwarzenegger’s autobiography/weight-training guide Arnold: The Education of a Bodybuilder became a huge success.[13] In 1977, he posed for the gay magazine After Dark.[39][40] Due to taking an assortment of courses at Santa Monica College in California (including English classes), as well as further upper division classes at the University of California, Los Angeles as part of UCLA’s extension program, Schwarzenegger had by then accumulated enough credits so as to be «within striking distance» of graduation. In 1979, he enrolled in the University of Wisconsin–Superior as a distance education student, completing most of his coursework by correspondence and flying out to Superior to meet professors and take final exams. In May 1980, he formally graduated and received his bachelor’s degree in business administration and marketing. He received his United States citizenship in 1983.[41]

Bodybuilding career

Arnold Schwarzenegger
Bodybuilder
Arnold Schwarzenegger 1974.jpg

As entrant to the 1974 Mr. Olympia competition at Madison Square Garden

Personal info
Nickname The Austrian Oak
Height 6 ft 2 in (188 cm)[42]
Weight
  • 235 lb (107 kg) (contest)[42]
  • 260 lb (118 kg) (off-season)

[42]

Professional career
Pro-debut
  • NABBA Mr. Universe
  • 1968
Best win
  • IFBB Mr. Olympia
  • 1970–1975, 1980, Seven Times
Predecessor Sergio Oliva (’69)
Frank Zane (’79)
Successor Franco Columbu (’76, ’81)
Active Retired 1980

Medal record

Men’s bodybuilding
Representing  Austria
Mr Universe (amateur)
1st 1967
Mr Universe (pro)
1st 1968
1st 1969
1st 1970
Mr. Olympia
2nd 1969
1st 1970
1st 1971
1st 1972
1st 1973
1st 1974
1st 1975
1st 1980
Powerlifting[43]
Representing  Austria
International Powerlifting Championships
1st 1966 +80 kg
German Powerlifting Championships
2nd 1967 +80 kg
1st 1968 +80 kg
Graz-Paradise Keller Powerlifting Championships
2nd 1967 +80 kg
Men’s Weightlifting[43]
Representing  Austria
Styrian Junior Weightlifting Championships
1st 1964
German Austrian Weightlifting Championships
1st 1965

Schwarzenegger is considered among the most important figures in the history of bodybuilding,[6] and his legacy is commemorated in the Arnold Classic annual bodybuilding competition. He has remained a prominent face in bodybuilding long after his retirement, in part because of his ownership of gyms and fitness magazines. He has presided over numerous contests and awards shows.

For many years, he wrote a monthly column for the bodybuilding magazines Muscle & Fitness and Flex. Shortly after being elected governor, he was appointed the executive editor of both magazines, in a largely symbolic capacity. The magazines agreed to donate $250,000 a year to the Governor’s various physical fitness initiatives. When the deal, including the contract that gave Schwarzenegger at least $1 million a year, was made public in 2005, many criticized it as being a conflict of interest since the governor’s office made decisions concerning regulation of dietary supplements in California.[44] Consequently, Schwarzenegger relinquished the executive editor role in 2005.[44] American Media Inc., which owns Muscle & Fitness and Flex, announced in March 2013 that Schwarzenegger had accepted their renewed offer to be executive editor of the magazines.[44]

One of the first competitions he won was the Junior Mr. Europe contest in 1965.[13] He won Mr. Europe the following year, at age 19.[13][25] He would go on to compete in many bodybuilding contests, and win most of them. His bodybuilding victories included five Mr. Universe wins (4 – NABBA [England], 1 – IFBB [USA]), and seven Mr. Olympia wins, a record which would stand until Lee Haney won his eighth consecutive Mr. Olympia title in 1991.

Schwarzenegger continues to work out. When asked about his personal training during the 2011 Arnold Classic he said that he was still working out a half an hour with weights every day.[45]

Powerlifting/weightlifting

During Schwarzenegger’s early years in bodybuilding, he also competed in several Olympic weightlifting and powerlifting contests. Schwarzenegger’s first professional competition was in 1963[46] and he won two weightlifting contests in 1964 and 1965, as well as two powerlifting contests in 1966 and 1968.[43]

In 1967, Schwarzenegger won the Munich stone-lifting contest, in which a stone weighing 508 German pounds (254 kg / 560 lb) is lifted between the legs while standing on two footrests.

Personal records

  • Clean and press – 264 lb (120 kg)[43]
  • Snatch – 243 lb (110 kg)[43]
  • Clean and jerk – 298 lb (135 kg)[43]
  • Squat – 545 lb (247 kg)[43]
  • Bench press – 520 lb (240 kg)[47][48]
  • Deadlift – 683 lb (310 kg)[43]

Schwarzenegger, pictured with 1987 world champion American Karyn Marshall, presenting awards at the USA Weightlifting Hall of Fame in 2011 in Columbus, Ohio

Mr. Olympia

Schwarzenegger’s goal was to become the greatest bodybuilder in the world, which meant becoming Mr. Olympia.[13][25] His first attempt was in 1969, when he lost to three-time champion Sergio Oliva. However, Schwarzenegger came back in 1970 and won the competition, making him the youngest ever Mr. Olympia at the age of 23, a record he still holds to this day.[25]

He continued his winning streak in the 1971–1974 competitions.[25] He also toured different countries selling vitamins, as in Helsinki, Finland in 1972, when he lived at the YMCA Hotel Hospiz (nowadays Hotel Arthur[49]) on Vuorikatu and presented vitamin pills at the Stockmann shopping center.[50][51] In 1975, Schwarzenegger was once again in top form, and won the title for the sixth consecutive time,[25] beating Franco Columbu. After the 1975 Mr. Olympia contest, Schwarzenegger announced his retirement from professional bodybuilding.[25]

Months before the 1975 Mr. Olympia contest, filmmakers George Butler and Robert Fiore persuaded Schwarzenegger to compete and film his training in the bodybuilding documentary called Pumping Iron. Schwarzenegger had only three months to prepare for the competition, after losing significant weight to appear in the film Stay Hungry with Jeff Bridges. Although significantly taller and heavier, Lou Ferrigno proved not to be a threat, and a lighter-than-usual Schwarzenegger convincingly won the 1975 Mr. Olympia.

Schwarzenegger came out of retirement, however, to compete in the 1980 Mr. Olympia.[13] Schwarzenegger was training for his role in Conan, and he got into such good shape because of the running, horseback riding and sword training, that he decided he wanted to win the Mr. Olympia contest one last time. He kept this plan a secret in the event that a training accident would prevent his entry and cause him to lose face. Schwarzenegger had been hired to provide color commentary for network television when he announced at the eleventh hour that, while he was there, «Why not compete?» Schwarzenegger ended up winning the event with only seven weeks of preparation. Having been declared Mr. Olympia for a seventh time, Schwarzenegger then officially retired from competition. This victory (subject of the documentary The Comeback) was highly controversial, though, as fellow competitors and many observers felt that his lack of muscle mass (especially in his thighs) and subpar conditioning should have precluded him from winning against a very competitive lineup that year.[6][52] Mike Mentzer, in particular, felt cheated and withdrew from competitive bodybuilding after that contest.[53][52]

Steroid use

Schwarzenegger has acknowledged using performance-enhancing anabolic steroids while they were legal, writing in 1977 that «steroids were helpful to me in maintaining muscle size while on a strict diet in preparation for a contest. I did not use them for muscle growth, but rather for muscle maintenance when cutting up.»[54] He has called the drugs «tissue building».[55]

In 1999, Schwarzenegger sued Willi Heepe, a German doctor who publicly predicted his early death on the basis of a link between his steroid use and later heart problems. Since the doctor never examined him personally, Schwarzenegger collected a US$10,000 libel judgment against him in a German court.[56] In 1999, Schwarzenegger also sued and settled with Globe, a U.S. tabloid which had made similar predictions about the bodybuilder’s future health.[57]

List of competitions

Statistics

  • Height: 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m)
  • Contest weight: 235 lb (107 kg)—the lightest in 1980 Mr. Olympia: around 225 lb (102 kg), the heaviest in 1974 Mr. Olympia: around 250 lb (110 kg)[59]
  • Off-season weight: 260 lb (118 kg)
  • Chest: 57 in (1,400 mm)
  • Waist: 33 in (840 mm)
  • Arms: 22 in (560 mm)
  • Thighs: 29.5 in (750 mm)
  • Calves: 20 in (510 mm)[60]

Acting career

Early roles

Schwarzenegger wanted to move from bodybuilding into acting, finally achieving it when he was chosen to play the title role in Hercules in New York (1970). Credited under the stage name «Arnold Strong», his accent in the film was so thick that his lines were dubbed after production.[24] His second film appearance was as a mob hitman in The Long Goodbye (1973), which was followed by a much more significant part in the film Stay Hungry (1976), for which he won the Golden Globe Award for New Star of the Year – Actor. Schwarzenegger has discussed his early struggles in developing his acting career: «It was very difficult for me in the beginning – I was told by agents and casting people that my body was ‘too weird’, that I had a funny accent, and that my name was too long. You name it, and they told me I had to change it. Basically, everywhere I turned, I was told that I had no chance.»[18]

Schwarzenegger drew attention and boosted his profile in the bodybuilding film Pumping Iron (1977),[7][24] elements of which were dramatized. In 1991, he purchased the rights to the film, its outtakes, and associated still photography.[61] In 1977, he made guest appearances in single episodes of the ABC sitcom The San Pedro Beach Bums and the ABC police procedural The Streets of San Francisco. Schwarzenegger auditioned for the title role of The Incredible Hulk, but did not win the role because of his height. Later, Lou Ferrigno got the part of Dr. David Banner’s alter ego. Schwarzenegger appeared with Kirk Douglas and Ann-Margret in the 1979 comedy The Villain. In 1980, he starred in a biographical film of the 1950s actress Jayne Mansfield as Mansfield’s husband, Mickey Hargitay.

Action superstar

Schwarzenegger’s breakthrough film was the sword and sorcery epic Conan the Barbarian in 1982, which was a box-office hit.[7] This was followed by a sequel, Conan the Destroyer, in 1984, although it was not as successful as its predecessor.[62] In 1983, Schwarzenegger starred in the promotional video Carnival in Rio.[63] In 1984, he made his first appearance as the eponymous character in James Cameron’s science fiction action film The Terminator.[7][24][64] It has been called his acting career’s signature role.[65] Following this, Schwarzenegger made another sword and sorcery film, Red Sonja, in 1985.[62] During the 1980s, audiences had an appetite for action films, with both Schwarzenegger and Sylvester Stallone becoming international stars.[24] During the Schwarzenegger-Stallone rivalry they attacked each other in the press, and tried to surpass the other with more on-screen killings and larger weapons.[66] Schwarzenegger’s roles reflected his sense of humor, separating him from more serious action hero films. He made a number of successful action films in the 1980s, such as Commando (1985), Raw Deal (1986), The Running Man (1987), Predator (1987), and Red Heat (1988).

Twins (1988), a comedy with Danny DeVito, also proved successful. Total Recall (1990) netted Schwarzenegger $10 million (equivalent to $20.7 million today) and 15% of the film’s gross. A science fiction script, the film was based on the Philip K. Dick short story «We Can Remember It for You Wholesale». Kindergarten Cop (1990) reunited him with director Ivan Reitman, who directed him in Twins. Schwarzenegger had a brief foray into directing, first with a 1990 episode of the TV series Tales from the Crypt, entitled «The Switch»,[67] and then with the 1992 telemovie Christmas in Connecticut.[68] He has not directed since.

Schwarzenegger’s commercial peak was his return as the title character in Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991), which was the highest-grossing film of the year. Film critic Roger Ebert commented that «Schwarzenegger’s genius as a movie star is to find roles that build on, rather than undermine, his physical and vocal characteristics.»[69] In 1993, the National Association of Theatre Owners named him the «International Star of the Decade».[13] His next film project, the 1993 self-aware action comedy spoof Last Action Hero, was released opposite Jurassic Park, and did not do well at the box office. His next film, the comedy drama True Lies (1994), was a popular spy film and saw Schwarzenegger reunited with James Cameron.

That same year, the comedy Junior was released, the last of Schwarzenegger’s three collaborations with Ivan Reitman and again co-starring Danny DeVito. This film brought him his second Golden Globe nomination, this time for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy. It was followed by the action thriller Eraser (1996), the Christmas comedy Jingle All The Way (1996), and the comic book-based Batman & Robin (1997), in which he played the villain Mr. Freeze. This was his final film before taking time to recuperate from a back injury. Following the critical failure of Batman & Robin, his film career and box office prominence went into decline. He returned with the supernatural thriller End of Days (1999), later followed by the action films The 6th Day (2000) and Collateral Damage (2002), both of which failed to do well at the box office. In 2003, he made his third appearance as the title character in Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines, which went on to earn over $150 million domestically (equivalent to $221 million today).[70]

Arnold Schwarzenegger’s star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame

In tribute to Schwarzenegger in 2002, Forum Stadtpark, a local cultural association, proposed plans to build a 25-meter-tall (80 ft) Terminator statue in a park in central Graz. Schwarzenegger reportedly said he was flattered, but thought the money would be better spent on social projects and the Special Olympics.[71]

Retirement

His film appearances after becoming Governor of California included a three-second cameo appearance in The Rundown and the 2004 remake of Around the World in 80 Days. In 2005, he appeared as himself in the film The Kid & I. He voiced Baron von Steuben in the Liberty’s Kids episode «Valley Forge». He had been rumored to be appearing in Terminator Salvation as the original T-800; he denied his involvement,[72] but he ultimately did appear briefly via his image being inserted into the movie from stock footage of the first Terminator movie.[73][74] Schwarzenegger appeared in Sylvester Stallone’s The Expendables, where he made a cameo appearance.

Return to acting

In January 2011, just weeks after leaving office in California, Schwarzenegger announced that he was reading several new scripts for future films, one of them being the World War II action drama With Wings as Eagles, written by Randall Wallace, based on a true story.[75][76]

On March 6, 2011, at the Arnold Seminar of the Arnold Classic, Schwarzenegger revealed that he was being considered for several films, including sequels to The Terminator and remakes of Predator and The Running Man, and that he was «packaging» a comic book character.[77] The character was later revealed to be the Governator, star of the comic book and animated series of the same name. Schwarzenegger inspired the character and co-developed it with Stan Lee, who would have produced the series. Schwarzenegger would have voiced the Governator.[78][79][80][81]

On May 20, 2011, Schwarzenegger’s entertainment counsel announced that all film projects currently in development were being halted: «Schwarzenegger is focusing on personal matters and is not willing to commit to any production schedules or timelines.»[82] On July 11, 2011, it was announced that Schwarzenegger was considering a comeback film, despite legal problems related to his divorce.[83] He starred in The Expendables 2 (2012) as Trench Mauser,[84] and starred in The Last Stand (2013), his first leading role in 10 years, and Escape Plan (2013), his first co-starring role alongside Sylvester Stallone. He starred in Sabotage, released in March 2014, and returned as Trench Mauser in The Expendables 3, released in August 2014. He starred in the fifth Terminator film Terminator Genisys in 2015,[7][24][64][85] and would reprise his role as Conan the Barbarian in The Legend of Conan,[86][87] later renamed Conan the Conqueror.[88] However, in April 2017, producer Chris Morgan stated that Universal had dropped the project, although there was a possibility of a TV show. The story of the film was supposed to be set 30 years after the first, with some inspiration from Clint Eastwood’s Unforgiven.[89]

In August 2016, his filming of action-comedy Killing Gunther was temporarily interrupted by bank robbers near the filming location in Surrey, British Columbia.[90] The film was released in September 2017. He was announced to star and produce in a film about the ruins of Sanxingdui called The Guest of Sanxingdui as an ambassador.[91]

On February 6, 2018, Amazon Studios announced they were working with Schwarzenegger to develop a new series entitled Outrider in which he will star and executive produce. The western-drama set in the Oklahoma Indian Territory in the late 19th century will follow a deputy (portrayed by Schwarzenegger) who is tasked with apprehending a legendary outlaw in the wilderness, but is forced to partner with a ruthless Federal Marshal to make sure justice is properly served. The series will also mark as Schwarzenegger’s first major scripted TV role.[92]

Schwarzenegger returned to the Terminator franchise with Terminator: Dark Fate, which was released on November 1, 2019. It was produced by the series’ co-creator James Cameron, who directed him previously in the first two films in the series and in True Lies.[93][94] It was shot in Almería, Hungary and the US.[95]

The Celebrity Apprentice

In September 2015, the media announced that Schwarzenegger was to replace Donald Trump as host of The New Celebrity Apprentice.[96] This show, the 15th season of The Apprentice, aired during the 2016–2017 TV season. In the show, he used the phrases «you’re terminated» and «get to the choppa», which are quotes from some of his famous roles (The Terminator and Predator, respectively), when firing the contestants.[97][98]

In March 2017, following repeated criticisms from Trump, Schwarzenegger announced that he would not return for another season on the show. He also reacted to Trump’s remarks in January 2017 via Instagram: «Hey, Donald, I have a great idea. Why don’t we switch jobs? You take over TV because you’re such an expert in ratings, and I take over your job, and then people can finally sleep comfortably again.»[99]

Political career

Early politics

Schwarzenegger has been a registered Republican for many years. When he was an actor, his political views were always well known as they contrasted with those of many other prominent Hollywood stars, who are generally considered to be a left-wing and Democratic-leaning community. At the 2004 Republican National Convention, Schwarzenegger gave a speech and explained that he was a Republican because he believed the Democrats of the 1960s sounded too much like Austrian socialists.[100]

I finally arrived here in 1968. What a special day it was. I remember I arrived here with empty pockets but full of dreams, full of determination, full of desire. The presidential campaign was in full swing. I remember watching the Nixon–Humphrey presidential race on TV. A friend of mine who spoke German and English translated for me. I heard Humphrey saying things that sounded like socialism, which I had just left.
But then I heard Nixon speak. He was talking about free enterprise, getting the government off your back, lowering the taxes and strengthening the military. Listening to Nixon speak sounded more like a breath of fresh air. I said to my friend, I said, «What party is he?» My friend said, «He’s a Republican.» I said, «Then I am a Republican.» And I have been a Republican ever since.

Arnold Schwarzenegger on Capitol Hill in 1991 for an event related to the President’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports

In 1985, Schwarzenegger appeared in «Stop the Madness», an anti-drug music video sponsored by the Reagan administration. He first came to wide public notice as a Republican during the 1988 presidential election, accompanying then–Vice President George H. W. Bush at a campaign rally.[101]

Schwarzenegger famously introduced the first episode of the 1990 Milton Friedman hosted PBS series Free to Choose stating:

I truly believe that the series has changed my life, and when you have such a powerful experience as that, I think you shouldn’t keep it to yourself, so I wanted to share it with you. Being ‘Free to choose’ for me means being free to make your own decisions, free to live your own life, pursue your own goals, chase your own rainbow without the government breathing down on your neck or standing on your shoes. For me that meant coming here to America, because I came from a socialistic country where the government controls the economy. It’s a place where you can hear 18-year-old kids already talking about their pension. But me, I wanted more. I wanted to be the best. Individualism like that is incompatible with socialism. So I felt I had to come to America.[102][103]

Schwarzenegger goes on to tell of how he and his then wife Maria Shriver were in Palm Springs preparing to play a game of mixed doubles when Milton Friedman’s famous show came on the television. Schwarzenegger recalls that while watching Friedman’s Free to Choose, Schwarzenegger, «…recognized Friedman from the study of my own degree in economics, but I didn’t know I was watching Free to Choose… it knocked me out. Dr. Friedman expressed, validated and explained everything I ever thought or experienced or observed about the way the economy works, and I guess I was really ready to hear it.»[103] Numerous critics state that Schwarzenegger strayed from much of Friedman’s economic ways of thinking in later years, especially upon being elected Governor of California from 2003 through 2011.[104][105]

Schwarzenegger’s first political appointment was as chairman of the President’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports, on which he served from 1990 to 1993.[13] He was nominated by the then-President Bush, who dubbed him «Conan the Republican». He later served as chairman for the California Governor’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports under Governor Pete Wilson.

Between 1993 and 1994, Schwarzenegger was a Red Cross ambassador (a ceremonial role fulfilled by celebrities), recording several television and radio public service announcements to donate blood.

In an interview with Talk magazine in late 1999, Schwarzenegger was asked if he thought of running for office. He replied, «I think about it many times. The possibility is there because I feel it inside.» The Hollywood Reporter claimed shortly after that Schwarzenegger sought to end speculation that he might run for governor of California. Following his initial comments, Schwarzenegger said, «I’m in show business – I am in the middle of my career. Why would I go away from that and jump into something else?»[106]

Governor of California

Schwarzenegger’s official portrait as Governor of California, 2003

Schwarzenegger announced his candidacy in the 2003 California recall election for Governor of California on the August 6, 2003, episode of The Tonight Show with Jay Leno.[24] Schwarzenegger had the most name recognition in a crowded field of candidates, but he had never held public office and his political views were unknown to most Californians. His candidacy immediately became national and international news, with media outlets dubbing him the «Governator» (referring to The Terminator movies, see above) and «The Running Man» (the name of another one of his films), and calling the recall election «Total Recall» (yet another movie starring Schwarzenegger). Schwarzenegger declined to participate in several debates with other recall replacement candidates, and appeared in only one debate on September 24, 2003.[107]

President George W. Bush meets with Schwarzenegger after his successful election to the California Governorship.

On October 7, 2003, the recall election resulted in Governor Gray Davis being removed from office with 55.4% of the Yes vote in favor of a recall. Schwarzenegger was elected Governor of California under the second question on the ballot with 48.6% of the vote to choose a successor to Davis. Schwarzenegger defeated Democrat Cruz Bustamante, fellow Republican Tom McClintock, and others. His nearest rival, Bustamante, received 31% of the vote. In total, Schwarzenegger won the election by about 1.3 million votes. Under the regulations of the California Constitution, no runoff election was required. Schwarzenegger was the second foreign-born governor of California after Irish-born Governor John G. Downey in 1862.

Schwarzenegger is a moderate Republican.[108] He says he is fiscally conservative and socially liberal.[109] On the issue of abortion, he describes himself as pro-choice, but supports parental notification for minors and a ban on partial-birth abortion.[110] He has supported gay rights, such as domestic partnerships, and he performed a same-sex marriage as governor.[111] However, Schwarzenegger vetoed bills that would have legalized same-sex marriage in California in 2005 and 2007.[112][113] He additionally vetoed two bills that would have implemented a single-payer health care system in California in 2006[114][115] and 2008,[116] respectively.

Schwarzenegger was entrenched in what he considered to be his mandate in cleaning up political gridlock. Building on a catchphrase from the sketch «Hans and Franz» from Saturday Night Live (which partly parodied his bodybuilding career), Schwarzenegger called the Democratic State politicians «girlie men».[117]

Arnold Schwarzenegger in June 2010

Schwarzenegger’s early victories included repealing an unpopular increase in the vehicle registration fee as well as preventing driver’s licenses from being given out to illegal immigrants, but later he began to feel the backlash when powerful state unions began to oppose his various initiatives. Key among his reckoning with political realities was a special election he called in November 2005, in which four ballot measures he sponsored were defeated. Schwarzenegger accepted personal responsibility for the defeats and vowed to continue to seek consensus for the people of California. He would later comment that «no one could win if the opposition raised 160 million dollars to defeat you». The U.S. Supreme Court later found the public employee unions’ use of compulsory fundraising during the campaign had been illegal in Knox v. Service Employees International Union, Local 1000.[118]

Schwarzenegger, against the advice of fellow Republican strategists, appointed a Democrat, Susan Kennedy, as his Chief of Staff. He gradually moved towards a more politically moderate position, determined to build a winning legacy with only a short time to go until the next gubernatorial election.

Schwarzenegger ran for re-election against Democrat Phil Angelides, the California State Treasurer, in the 2006 elections, held on November 7, 2006. Despite a poor year nationally for the Republican party, Schwarzenegger won re-election with 56.0% of the vote compared with 38.9% for Angelides, a margin of well over 1 million votes.[119] Around this time, many commentators saw Schwarzenegger as moving away from the right and towards the center of the political spectrum. After hearing a speech by Schwarzenegger at the 2006 Martin Luther King Jr. Day breakfast, in which Schwarzenegger said, in part «How wrong I was when I said everyone has an equal opportunity to make it in America […] the state of California does not provide (equal) education for all of our children», San Francisco mayor & future governor of California Gavin Newsom said that «[H]e’s becoming a Democrat [… H]e’s running back, not even to the center. I would say center-left».[120]

Some speculated that Schwarzenegger might run for the United States Senate in 2010, as his governorship would be term-limited by that time. Such rumors turned out to be false.[121][122]

Wendy Leigh, who wrote an unofficial biography on Schwarzenegger, claims he plotted his political rise from an early age using the movie business and bodybuilding as the means to escape a depressing home.[20] Leigh portrays Schwarzenegger as obsessed with power and quotes him as saying, «I wanted to be part of the small percentage of people who were leaders, not the large mass of followers. I think it is because I saw leaders use 100% of their potential – I was always fascinated by people in control of other people.»[20] Schwarzenegger has said that it was never his intention to enter politics, but he says, «I married into a political family. You get together with them and you hear about policy, about reaching out to help people. I was exposed to the idea of being a public servant and Eunice and Sargent Shriver became my heroes.»[36] Eunice Kennedy Shriver was the sister of John F. Kennedy, and mother-in-law to Schwarzenegger; Sargent Shriver is husband to Eunice and father-in-law to Schwarzenegger.

Schwarzenegger cannot run for U.S. president as he is not a natural-born citizen of the United States. Schwarzenegger is a dual Austrian and United States citizen.[123] He has held Austrian citizenship since birth and U.S. citizenship since becoming naturalized in 1983. Being Austrian and thus European, he was able to win the 2007 European Voice campaigner of the year award for taking action against climate change with the California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 and plans to introduce an emissions trading scheme with other US states and possibly with the EU.[124]

Because of his personal wealth from his acting career, Schwarzenegger did not accept his governor’s salary of $175,000 per year.[125]

Schwarzenegger’s endorsement in the Republican primary of the 2008 U.S. presidential election was highly sought; despite being good friends with candidates Rudy Giuliani and Senator John McCain, Schwarzenegger remained neutral throughout 2007 and early 2008. Giuliani dropped out of the presidential race on January 30, 2008, largely because of a poor showing in Florida, and endorsed McCain. Later that night, Schwarzenegger was in the audience at a Republican debate at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library in California. The following day, he endorsed McCain, joking, «It’s Rudy’s fault!» (in reference to his friendships with both candidates and that he could not make up his mind). Schwarzenegger’s endorsement was thought to be a boost for Senator McCain’s campaign; both spoke about their concerns for the environment and economy.[126]

In its April 2010 report, Progressive ethics watchdog group Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington named Schwarzenegger one of 11 «worst governors» in the United States because of various ethics issues throughout Schwarzenegger’s term as governor.[127][128]

Governor Schwarzenegger played a significant role in opposing Proposition 66, a proposed amendment of the Californian Three Strikes Law, in November 2004. This amendment would have required the third felony to be either violent or serious to mandate a 25-years-to-life sentence. In the last week before the ballot, Schwarzenegger launched an intense campaign[129] against Proposition 66.[130] He stated that «it would release 26,000 dangerous criminals and rapists».[131]

Although he began his tenure as governor with record high approval ratings (as high as 65% in May 2004),[132] he left office with a record low 23%,[133] only one percent higher than that of Gray Davis, when he was recalled in October 2003.

Death of Luis Santos

In May 2010, Esteban Núñez pleaded guilty to voluntary manslaughter and was sentenced to 16 years in prison for the death of Luis Santos. Núñez is the son of Fabian Núñez, then California Assembly Speaker of the House and a close friend and staunch political ally of then governor Schwarzenegger.[134][135][136][137]

As a personal favor to «a friend», just hours before he left office, and as one of his last official acts, Schwarzenegger commuted Núñez’s sentence by more than half, to seven years.[136][138][139] He believed that Núñez’s sentence was «excessive» in comparison with the same prison term imposed on Ryan Jett, the man who fatally stabbed Santos.[140] Against protocol, Schwarzenegger did not inform Santos’ family or the San Diego County prosecutors about the commutation. They learned about it in a call from a reporter.[139]

The Santos family, along with the San Diego district attorney, sued to stop the commutation, claiming that it violated Marsy’s Law. In September 2012, Sacramento County superior court judge Lloyd Connelly stated, «Based on the evidentiary records before this court involving this case, there was an abuse of discretion…This was a distasteful commutation. It was repugnant to the bulk of the citizenry of this state.» However, Connelly ruled that Schwarzenegger remained within his executive powers as governor.[134] Subsequently, as a direct result of the way the commutation was handled, Governor Jerry Brown signed a bipartisan bill that allows offenders’ victims and their families to be notified at least 10 days before any commutations.[141] Núñez was released from prison after serving less than six years.[142]

Drug use and allegations of sexual misconduct

During his initial campaign for governor in 2003, allegations of sexual and personal misconduct were raised against Schwarzenegger.[143] Within the last five days before the election, news reports appeared in the Los Angeles Times recounting decades-old allegations of sexual misconduct from six individual women.[144][143] Schwarzenegger responded to the allegations in 2004 admitting that he has «behaved badly sometimes» and apologized, but also stated that «a lot of [what] you see in the stories is not true».[145] One of the women who came forward was British television personality Anna Richardson, who settled a libel lawsuit in August 2006 against Schwarzenegger; his top aide, Sean Walsh; and his publicist, Sheryl Main.[146] A joint statement read: «The parties are content to put this matter behind them and are pleased that this legal dispute has now been settled.»[146][147]

During this time a 1977 interview in adult magazine Oui gained attention, in which Schwarzenegger discussed using substances such as marijuana.[148] Schwarzenegger is shown smoking a marijuana joint after winning Mr. Olympia in 1975 in the documentary film Pumping Iron (1977). In an interview with GQ magazine in October 2007, Schwarzenegger said, «[Marijuana] is not a drug. It’s a leaf. My drug was pumping iron, trust me.»[149] His spokesperson later said the comment was meant to be a joke.[149]

Citizenship

Schwarzenegger became a naturalized U.S. citizen on September 17, 1983.[150] Shortly before he gained his citizenship, he asked the Austrian authorities for the right to keep his Austrian citizenship, as Austria does not usually allow dual citizenship. His request was granted, and he retained his Austrian citizenship.[151] In 2005, Peter Pilz, a member of the Austrian Parliament from the Austrian Green Party, unsuccessfully advocated for Parliament to revoke Schwarzenegger’s Austrian citizenship due to his decision not to prevent the executions of Donald Beardslee and Stanley Williams. Pilz argued that Schwarzenegger caused damage to Austria’s reputation in the international community because Austria abolished the death penalty in 1968. Pilz based his argument on Article 33 of the Austrian Citizenship Act, which states: «A citizen, who is in the public service of a foreign country, shall be deprived of his citizenship if he heavily damages the reputation or the interests of the Austrian Republic.»[123] Pilz claimed that Schwarzenegger’s actions in support of the death penalty (prohibited in Austria under Protocol 13 of the European Convention on Human Rights) had damaged Austria’s reputation. Schwarzenegger explained his actions by pointing out that his only duty as Governor of California with respect to the death penalty was to correct an error by the justice system by pardon or clemency if such an error had occurred.

Environmental record

On September 27, 2006, Schwarzenegger signed the Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006, creating the nation’s first cap on greenhouse gas emissions. The law set new regulations on the amount of emissions utilities, refineries, and manufacturing plants are allowed to release into the atmosphere. Schwarzenegger also signed a second global warming bill that prohibits large utilities and corporations in California from making long-term contracts with suppliers who do not meet the state’s greenhouse gas emission standards. The two bills are part of a plan to reduce California’s emissions by 25 percent to 1990s levels by 2020. In 2005, Schwarzenegger issued an executive order calling to reduce greenhouse gases to 80 percent below 1990 levels by 2050.[152]

Schwarzenegger signed another executive order on October 17, 2006, allowing California to work with the Northeast’s Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative. They plan to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by issuing a limited amount of carbon credits to each power plant in participating states. Any power plants that exceed emissions for the number of carbon credits will have to purchase more credits to cover the difference. The plan took effect in 2009.[153] In addition to using his political power to fight global warming, the governor has taken steps at his home to reduce his personal carbon footprint. Schwarzenegger has adapted one of his Hummers to run on hydrogen and another to run on biofuels. He has also installed solar panels to heat his home.[154]

In respect for his contribution to the direction of the US motor industry, Schwarzenegger was invited to open the 2009 SAE World Congress in Detroit on April 20, 2009.[155]

In 2011, Schwarzenegger founded the R20 Regions of Climate Action to develop a sustainable, low-carbon economy.[156] In 2017, he joined French President Emmanuel Macron in calling for the adoption of a Global Pact for the Environment.[157]
In 2017, Schwarzenegger launched the Austrian World Summit,[158] an international climate conference that is held annually in Vienna, Austria. The Austrian World Summit is organized by the Schwarzenegger Climate Initiative and aims is to bring together representatives from politics, civil society and business to create a broad alliance for climate protection and to identify concrete solutions to the climate crisis.

Electoral history

Presidential ambitions

Presidential aspirations by the Austrian-born Schwarzenegger would be blocked by a constitutional hurdle; Article II, Section I, Clause V prevents individuals who are not natural-born citizens of the United States from assuming the office. The Equal Opportunity to Govern Amendment in 2003 was widely accredited as the «Amend for Arnold» bill, which would have added an amendment to the U.S. Constitution allowing his run. In 2004, the «Amend for Arnold» campaign was launched, featuring a website and TV advertising promotion.[159][160]

In June 2007, Schwarzenegger was featured on the cover of Time magazine with Michael Bloomberg, and subsequently, the two joked about a presidential ticket together.[161][162]

In October 2013, the New York Post reported that Schwarzenegger was exploring a future run for president. At the time he had reportedly been lobbying legislators about a possible constitutional change, or filing a legal challenge to the requirement that presidents be native-born. Columbia University law professor Michael Dorf observed that Schwarzenegger’s possible lawsuit could ultimately win him the right to run for the office, noting, «The law is very clear, but it’s not 100 percent clear that the courts would enforce that law rather than leave it to the political process.»[163][better source needed]

Business career

Schwarzenegger has had a highly successful business career.[20][36] Following his move to the United States, Schwarzenegger became a «prolific goal setter» and would write his objectives at the start of the year on index cards, like starting a mail order business or buying a new car – and succeed in doing so.[30] By the age of 25, Schwarzenegger was a millionaire, well before his career in Hollywood. His financial independence came from his success as a budding entrepreneur with a series of lucrative business ventures and real estate investments.[164]

Bricklaying business, bodybuilding, and fitness mail order

In 1968, Schwarzenegger and fellow bodybuilder Franco Columbu started a bricklaying business. The business flourished thanks to the pair’s marketing savvy and an increased demand following the 1971 San Fernando earthquake.[165][166] Schwarzenegger and Columbu used profits from their bricklaying venture to start a mail-order business that sold bodybuilding- and fitness-related equipment and instructional tapes.[13][165]

Investments

Schwarzenegger transferred profits from the mail-order business and his bodybuilding-competition winnings into his first real estate investment venture: an apartment building he purchased for $10,000. He would later go on to invest in a number of real estate holding companies.[167][168]

Stallone and Schwarzenegger ended their longtime rivalry by both investing in the Planet Hollywood[66] chain of international theme restaurants (modeled after the Hard Rock Cafe) along with Bruce Willis and Demi Moore. However, Schwarzenegger severed his financial ties with the business in early 2000.[169][170] Schwarzenegger said the company did not have the success he had hoped for, claiming he wanted to focus his attention on «new US global business ventures» and his movie career.[169]

Schwarzenegger also invested in a shopping mall in Columbus, Ohio. He has talked about some of those who have helped him over the years in business: «I couldn’t have learned about business without a parade of teachers guiding me… from Milton Friedman to Donald Trump… and now, Les Wexner and Warren Buffett. I even learned a thing or two from Planet Hollywood, such as when to get out! And I did!»[26] He has significant ownership in Dimensional Fund Advisors, an investment firm.[171] Schwarzenegger is also the owner of Arnold’s Sports Festival, which he started in 1989 and is held annually in Columbus, Ohio. It is a festival that hosts thousands of international health and fitness professionals which has also expanded into a three-day expo. He also owns a movie production company called Oak Productions, Inc. and Fitness Publications, a joint publishing venture with Simon & Schuster.[172]

In 2018, Schwarzenegger partnered with LeBron James to found Ladder, a company that developed nutritional supplements to help athletes with severe cramps. The duo sold Ladder to Openfit for an undisclosed amount in 2020 after reporting more than $4 million in sales for that year.[173]

Restaurant

In 1992, Schwarzenegger and his wife opened a restaurant in Santa Monica called Schatzi On Main. Schatzi literally means «little treasure,» and colloquially «honey» or «darling» in German. In 1998, he sold his restaurant.[174]

Wealth

Schwarzenegger’s net worth had been conservatively estimated at $100 million to $200 million.[175] After separating from his wife, Maria Shriver, in 2011, it was estimated that his net worth had been approximately $400 million, and even as high as $800 million, based on tax returns he filed in 2006.[176] Over the years, he invested his bodybuilding and film earnings in an array of stocks, bonds, privately controlled companies, and real estate holdings worldwide, making his net worth difficult to accurately estimate, particularly in light of declining real estate values owing to economic recessions in the U.S. and Europe since the late 2000s. In June 1997, he spent $38 million of his own money on a private Gulfstream jet.[177] He once quipped, «Money doesn’t make you happy. I now have $50 million, but I was just as happy when I had $48 million.»[20]

Commercial advertisements

He appears in a series of commercials for the Machine Zone game Mobile Strike as a military commander and spokesman.[178]

Personal life

Early relationships

In 1969, Schwarzenegger met Barbara Outland (later Barbara Outland Baker), an English teacher with whom he lived until 1974.[179] Schwarzenegger said of Baker in his 1977 memoir, «Basically it came down to this: she was a well-balanced woman who wanted an ordinary, solid life, and I was not a well-balanced man, and hated the very idea of ordinary life.»[179] Baker has described Schwarzenegger as a «joyful personality, totally charismatic, adventurous, and athletic» but claims that towards the end of the relationship he became «insufferable—classically conceited—the world revolved around him».[180] Baker published her memoir in 2006, entitled Arnold and Me: In the Shadow of the Austrian Oak.[181] Although Baker painted an unflattering portrait of her former lover at times, Schwarzenegger actually contributed to the tell-all book with a foreword, and also met with Baker for three hours.[181]

Baker claims that she only learned of his being unfaithful after they split, and talks of a turbulent and passionate love life.[181] Schwarzenegger has made it clear that their respective recollection of events can differ.[181] The couple first met six to eight months after his arrival in the U.S. Their first date was watching the first Apollo Moon landing on television.[30] They shared an apartment in Santa Monica, California, for three and a half years, and having little money, they would visit the beach all day or have barbecues in the back yard.[30] Although Baker claims that when she first met Schwarzenegger, he had «little understanding of polite society» and she found him a turn-off, she says, «He’s as much a self-made man as it’s possible to be—he never got encouragement from his parents, his family, his brother. He just had this huge determination to prove himself, and that was very attractive … I’ll go to my grave knowing Arnold loved me.»[30]

Schwarzenegger met his next lover, Beverly Hills hairdresser’s assistant Sue Moray, on Venice Beach in July 1977. According to Moray, the couple led an open relationship: «We were faithful when we were both in LA… but when he was out of town, we were free to do whatever we wanted.»[21] Schwarzenegger met television journalist Maria Shriver, niece of President John F. Kennedy, at the Robert F. Kennedy Tennis Tournament in August 1977. He went on to have a relationship with both Moray and Shriver until August 1978 when Moray (who knew of his relationship with Shriver) issued an ultimatum.[21]

Marriage and family

On April 26, 1986, Schwarzenegger married Shriver in Hyannis, Massachusetts.[182] They have four children, including Katherine Schwarzenegger and Patrick Schwarzenegger.[183][184][185] All of their children were born in Los Angeles.[186] The family lived in an 11,000-square-foot (1,000 m2) home in the Brentwood neighborhood of Los Angeles, California,[187][188] with vacation homes in Sun Valley, Idaho, and Hyannis Port, Massachusetts.[189] They attended St. Monica’s Catholic Church.[190]

Divorce

On May 9, 2011, Shriver and Schwarzenegger ended their relationship after 25 years of marriage with Shriver moving out of their Brentwood mansion.[191][192][193] On May 16, 2011, the Los Angeles Times revealed that Schwarzenegger had fathered a son more than 14 years earlier with an employee in their household, Mildred Patricia «Patty» Baena.[194][195][196] «After leaving the governor’s office I told my wife about this event, which occurred over a decade ago,» Schwarzenegger said to the Times. In the statement, Schwarzenegger did not mention that he had confessed to his wife only after she had confronted him with the information, which she had done after confirming with the housekeeper what she had suspected about the child.[197]

Baena is of Guatemalan origin. She was employed by the family for 20 years and retired in January 2011.[198] The pregnant Baena was working in the home while Shriver was pregnant with the youngest of the couple’s four children.[199] Baena’s son with Schwarzenegger was born days after Shriver gave birth.[200][201] Schwarzenegger said that it took seven or eight years before he found out that he had fathered a child with his housekeeper. It was not until the boy «started looking like [him] … that [he] put things together».[202] Schwarzenegger has taken financial responsibility for the child «from the start and continued to provide support».[203] KNX 1070 radio reported that, in 2010, he bought a new four-bedroom house with a pool for Baena and their son in Bakersfield, California.[204] Baena separated from her husband, Rogelio, a few months after Joseph’s birth. She filed for divorce in 2008.[205] Rogelio said that the child’s birth certificate was falsified and that he planned to sue Schwarzenegger for engaging in conspiracy to falsify a public document, a serious crime in California.[206]

Pursuant to the divorce judgment, Schwarzenegger kept the Brentwood home, while Shriver purchased a new home nearby so that the children could travel between their parents’ homes. They shared custody of the two youngest children.[207] Schwarzenegger came under fire after the initial petition did not include spousal support and a reimbursement of attorney’s fees.[86] However, he claims this was not intentional and that he signed the initial documents without having properly read them.[86] He filed amended divorce papers remedying this.[86][208] Schwarzenegger and Shriver finalized their divorce in 2021, ten years after separating.[209][210]

In June 2022, a jury ruled that Maria Shriver was entitled to half of her ex-husband’s post-divorce savings that he earned from 1986 to 2011, including a pension.[211]

After the scandal, Danish-Italian actress Brigitte Nielsen came forward and stated that she too had an affair with Schwarzenegger during the production of Red Sonja, while he had just started his relationship with Shriver.[212] When asked in January 2014, «Of all the things you are famous for … which are you least proud of?» Schwarzenegger replied, «I’m least proud of the mistakes I made that caused my family pain and split us up.»[213][214][215][216]

Accidents, injuries, and other health problems

Health problems

Schwarzenegger was born with a bicuspid aortic valve, an aortic valve with only two leaflets, where a normal aortic valve has three.[217][218] He opted in 1997 for a replacement heart valve made from his own pulmonic valve, which itself was replaced with a cadaveric pulmonic valve, in a Ross procedure; medical experts predicted he would require pulmonic heart valve replacement surgery within the next two to eight years because his valve would progressively degrade. Schwarzenegger apparently opted against a mechanical valve, the only permanent solution available at the time of his surgery, because it would have sharply limited his physical activity and capacity to exercise.[219]

On March 29, 2018, Schwarzenegger underwent emergency open-heart surgery for replacement of his replacement pulmonic valve.[220] He said about his recovery: «I underwent open-heart surgery this spring, I had to use a walker. I had to do breathing exercises five times a day to retrain my lungs. I was frustrated and angry, and in my worst moments, I couldn’t see the way back to my old self.»[221]

In 2020, 23 years after his first surgery, Schwarzenegger underwent a surgery for a new aortic valve.[222]

Accidents, injuries

On December 9, 2001, he broke six ribs and was hospitalized for four days after a motorcycle crash in Los Angeles.[223]

Schwarzenegger saved a drowning man in 2004 while on vacation in Hawaii by swimming out and bringing him back to shore.[224]

On January 8, 2006, while Schwarzenegger was riding his Harley Davidson motorcycle in Los Angeles with his son Patrick in the sidecar, another driver backed into the street he was riding on, causing him and his son to collide with the car at a low speed. While his son and the other driver were unharmed, Schwarzenegger sustained an injury to his lip requiring 15 stitches. «No citations were issued,» said Officer Jason Lee, a Los Angeles Police Department spokesman.[225] Schwarzenegger did not obtain his motorcycle license until July 3, 2006.[226]

Schwarzenegger tripped over his ski pole and broke his right femur while skiing in Sun Valley, Idaho, with his family on December 23, 2006.[227] On December 26, he underwent a 90-minute operation in which cables and screws were used to wire the broken bone back together. He was released from St. John’s Health Center on December 30, 2006.[228]

Schwarzenegger’s private jet made an emergency landing at Van Nuys Airport on June 19, 2009, after the pilot reported smoke coming from the cockpit, according to a statement released by his press secretary. No one was harmed in the incident.[229]

On May 18, 2019, while on a visit to South Africa, Schwarzenegger was attacked and dropkicked from behind by an unknown malefactor while giving autographs to his fans at one of the local schools. Despite the surprise and unprovoked nature of the attack, he reportedly suffered no injuries and continued to interact with fans. The attacker was apprehended and Schwarzenegger declined to press charges against him.[230][231][232]

Schwarzenegger was involved in a multi-vehicle collision on the afternoon of Friday, January 21, 2022. Schwarzenegger was driving a black GMC Yukon SUV near the intersections of Sunset Blvd and Allenford Ave in the Brentwood neighborhood of Los Angeles, when his vehicle collided with a red Toyota Prius. The driver of the Prius was transported to the hospital for injuries sustained to her head. Schwarzenegger was uninjured.[233][234][235]

Height

Schwarzenegger’s official height of 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m) has been brought into question by several articles. During his bodybuilding days in the late 1960s, it was claimed that he measured 6 ft 1.5 in (1.867 m). However, in 1988, both the Daily Mail and Time Out magazine mentioned that Schwarzenegger appeared noticeably shorter.[236] Prior to running for governor, Schwarzenegger’s height was once again questioned in an article by the Chicago Reader.[237] As governor, Schwarzenegger engaged in a light-hearted exchange with Assemblyman Herb Wesson over their heights. At one point, Wesson made an unsuccessful attempt to, in his own words, «settle this once and for all and find out how tall he is» by using a tailor’s tape measure on the Governor.[238] Schwarzenegger retaliated by placing a pillow stitched with the words «Need a lift?» on the five-foot-five-inch (1.65 m) Wesson’s chair before a negotiating session in his office.[239] Democrat Bob Mulholland also claimed Schwarzenegger was 5 ft 10 in (1.78 m) and that he wore risers in his boots.[240] In 1999, Men’s Health magazine stated his height was 5 ft 10 in (1.78 m).[241]

Autobiography

Schwarzenegger’s autobiography, Total Recall, was released in October 2012. He devotes one chapter called «The Secret» to his extramarital affair. The majority of his book is about his successes in the three major chapters in his life: bodybuilder, actor, and Governor of California.[242]

Vehicles

Growing up during the Allied occupation of Austria, Schwarzenegger commonly saw heavy military vehicles such as tanks as a child.[243] As a result, he paid $20,000 to bring his Austrian Army M47 Patton tank (331) to the United States,[244] which he previously operated during his mandatory service in 1965. However, he later obtained his vehicle in 1991/2,[245] during his tenure as the Chairmen of the President’s Council on Sports, Fitness, and Nutrition,[246] and now uses it to support his charity.[245] His first car ever was an Opel Kadett in 1969 after serving in the Austrian army, then he rode a Harley-Davidson Fat Boy in 1991.[247]

Moreover, he came to develop an interest in large vehicles and became the first civilian in the U.S. to purchase a Humvee. He was so enamored by the vehicle that he lobbied the Humvee’s manufacturer, AM General, to produce a street-legal, civilian version, which they did in 1992; the first two Hummer H1s they sold were also purchased by Schwarzenegger. In 2010, he had one regular and three running on non-fossil power sources; one for hydrogen, one for vegetable oil, and one for biodiesel.[248] Schwarzenegger was in the news in 2014 for buying a rare Bugatti Veyron Grand Sport Vitesse. He was spotted and filmed in 2015 in his car, painted silver with bright aluminum forged wheels. His Bugatti has its interior adorned in dark brown leather.[249] In 2017, Schwarzenegger acquired a Mercedes G-Class modified for all-electric drive.[250]

The Hummers that Schwarzenegger bought in 1992 are so large—each weighs 6,300 lb (2,900 kg) and is 7 feet (2.1 m) wide—that they are classified as large trucks, and U.S. fuel economy regulations do not apply to them. During the gubernatorial recall campaign, he announced that he would convert one of his Hummers to burn hydrogen. The conversion was reported to have cost about $21,000. After the election, he signed an executive order to jump-start the building of hydrogen refueling plants called the California Hydrogen Highway Network, and gained a U.S. Department of Energy grant to help pay for its projected US$91,000,000 cost.[251] California took delivery of the first H2H (Hydrogen Hummer) in October 2004.[252]

Public image and legacy

Schwarzenegger has been involved with the Special Olympics for many years after they were founded by his ex-mother-in-law Eunice Kennedy Shriver.[253] In 2007, Schwarzenegger was the official spokesperson for the Special Olympics held in Shanghai, China.[254] Schwarzenegger believes that quality school opportunities should be made available to children who might not normally be able to access them.[255] In 1995, he founded the Inner City Games Foundation (ICG) which provides cultural, educational and community enrichment programming to youth. ICG is active in 15 cities around the country and serves over 250,000 children in over 400 schools countrywide.[255] He has also been involved with After-School All-Stars and founded the Los Angeles branch in 2002.[256] ASAS is an after school program provider, educating youth about health, fitness and nutrition.

On February 12, 2010, Schwarzenegger took part in the Vancouver Olympic Torch relay. He handed off the flame to the next runner, Sebastian Coe.[257]

Schwarzenegger had a collection of Marxist busts, which he requested from Russian friends during the dissolution of the Soviet Union, as they were being destroyed. In 2011, he revealed that his wife had requested their removal, but he kept the one of Vladimir Lenin present, since «he was the first».[258] In 2015, he said he kept the Lenin bust to «show losers».[259]

Schwarzenegger is a supporter of Israel, and has participated in a Los Angeles pro-Israel rally[260] among other similar events.[261] In 2004, Schwarzenegger visited Israel to break ground on Simon Wiesenthal Center’s Museum of Tolerance Jerusalem, and to lay a wreath at the Yad Vashem Holocaust Memorial, he also met with Prime Minister Ariel Sharon and President Moshe Katsav.[262] In 2011, at the Independence Day celebration hosted by the Israeli Consulate General in Los Angeles, Schwarzenegger said: «I love Israel. When I became governor, Israel was the first country that I visited. When I had the chance to sign a bill calling on California pension funds to divest their money from companies that do business with Iran, I immediately signed that bill», then he added, «I knew that we could not send money to these crazy dictators who hate us and threaten Israel any time they have a bad day.»[261]

Schwarzenegger with former Chancellor of Austria, Christian Kern in September 2017

Schwarzenegger supported the 2003 invasion of Iraq.[263] Schwarzenegger also expressed support for the 2011 military intervention in Libya.[264] In 2014, Schwarzenegger released a video message in support of the Euromaidan protests against Ukraine’s pro-Russian President Viktor Yanukovych.[265] In 2022, Schwarzenegger released another video message condemning the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. Schwarzenegger’s Twitter account is one of the 22 accounts that the president of Russia’s Twitter account follows.[266]

Schwarzenegger, who played football as a boy, grew up watching Bayern Munich and Sturm Graz.[267] He also expressed his admiration of Jürgen Klopp’s Liverpool in October 2019.[267]

Schwarzenegger inspired many actors to become action heroes, including Dwayne Johnson,[268][269] Matt McColm,[270] Christian Boeving,[271] Vidyut Jamwal,[272] and Daniel Greene.[271] Boeving’s character in the 2003 action film When Eagles Strike was based on Schwarzenegger’s image from the late 1980s: mostly on Major «Dutch» Schaefer from Predator (1987) and Colonel John Matrix from Commando (1985).[273] In 2022, Schwarzenegger’s use of a shotgun in the Terminator film series was referenced by actor Vijay in the Indian film Beast.[274]

Schwarzenegger Institute for State and Global Policy

In 2012, Schwarzenegger helped to found the Schwarzenegger Institute for State and Global Policy, which is a part of the USC Price School of Public Policy at the University of Southern California.[275] The institute’s mission is to «[advance] post-partisanship, where leaders put people over political parties and work together to find the best ideas and solutions to benefit the people they serve» and to «seek to influence public policy and public debate in finding solutions to the serious challenges we face».[276] Schwarzenegger serves as chairman of the institute.[277]

Global warming

At a 2015 security conference, Schwarzenegger called climate change the issue of our time.[278] He also urged politicians to stop treating climate change as a political issue.[279]

2016 presidential election

For the 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries, Schwarzenegger endorsed fellow Republican John Kasich.[280] However, he announced in October that he would not vote for the Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump in that year’s United States presidential election, with this being the first time he did not vote for the Republican candidate since becoming a citizen in 1983.[281][282][283]

Post-2016

Schwarzenegger participating in a video promoting wearing face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic. The video features appearances of all the living governors of California.

In recent years, Schwarzenegger has been advocating for eating less meat,[284] and he is an executive producer alongside James Cameron et al. behind the documentary The Game Changers,[285] that documents the explosive rise of plant-based eating in professional sports, in which he is also featured.

In 2017, Schwarzenegger condemned white supremacists who were seen carrying Nazi and Confederate flags by calling their heroes «losers».[286]

In 2019, while at the «Arnold Classic Africa» sports competition as an official, Schwarzenegger was attacked by an assailant in a flying kick. The assailant was arrested.[287]

Following the January 6 United States Capitol attack by supporters of President Donald Trump, Schwarzenegger posted a video address on social media in which he likened the insurrection to Nazi Germany’s Kristallnacht, which he described as «a night of rampage against the Jews carried out [by] the Nazi equivalent of the Proud Boys». He spoke of his father’s alcoholism, domestic violence, and abuse, and how it was typical of other former Nazis and collaborators in the post-war era; and described Trump as «a failed leader. He will go down in history as the worst president ever.»[288][289]

In late March 2021, Schwarzenegger was interviewed by Politico about the upcoming recall election in California in which he said that «it’s pretty much the same atmosphere today as it was then»,[290] and when he was asked about Newsom’s claim of this being a «Republican recall» he responded that «this recall effort is sparked by ordinary folks», and that this was not a power grab by Republicans.[291][292]

Schwarzenegger has spoken out about COVID-19, urging Americans to wear masks and practice social distancing. In August 2021, he said: «There is a virus here. It kills people and the only way we prevent it is: get vaccinated, wear masks, do social distancing, washing your hands all the time, and not just to think about, ‘Well my freedom is being kind of disturbed here.’ No, screw your freedom.»[293]

In February 2022, Schwarzenegger said his diet has been mostly vegan for the past five years, saying it was about 80% plant-based food. He has been outspoken about the benefits of a vegan diet for health and said it had helped him feel «healthier and younger overall». He also credited it to helping him lower his cholesterol.[294]

Filmography

  • Hercules in New York (1970)
  • Pumping Iron (1977)
  • The Comeback (1980)
  • Conan the Barbarian (1982)
  • Conan the Destroyer (1984)
  • The Terminator (1984)
  • Commando (1985)
  • Raw Deal (1986)
  • Predator (1987)
  • The Running Man (1987)
  • Red Heat (1988)
  • Twins (1988)
  • Total Recall (1990)
  • Kindergarten Cop (1990)
  • Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991)
  • Last Action Hero (1993)
  • True Lies (1994)
  • Junior (1994)
  • Eraser (1996)
  • Jingle All the Way (1996)
  • Batman & Robin (1997)
  • End of Days (1999)
  • The 6th Day (2000)
  • Collateral Damage (2002)
  • Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines (2003)
  • The Expendables (2010)
  • The Expendables 2 (2012)
  • The Last Stand (2013)
  • Escape Plan (2013)
  • The Expendables 3 (2014)
  • Sabotage (2014)
  • Maggie (2015)
  • Terminator Genisys (2015)
  • Aftermath (2017)
  • Terminator: Dark Fate (2019)

Awards and honors

  • Seven-time Mr. Olympia winner
  • Four-time Mr. Universe winner
  • 1969 World Amateur Bodybuilding Champion
  • 1977 Golden Globe Award winner
  • Medal for Humanitary Merit of the Austrian Albert Schweitzer Society (2011)[295]
  • Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame
  • International Sports Hall of Fame (class of 2012)[296]
  • Public art mural portrait «Arnold Schwarzenegger» (2012) by Jonas Never, Venice, Los Angeles[297]
  • WWE Hall of Fame (class of 2015)[298][299]
  • Schwarzenegger Institute for State and Global Policy (part of the USC Price School of Public Policy at the University of Southern California) named in his honor.[277]
  • Arnold’s Run ski trail at Sun Valley Resort named in his honor.[300] The trail is categorized as a black diamond, or most difficult, for its terrain.
  • «A Day for Arnold» on July 30, 2007, in Thal, Austria. For his 60th birthday, the mayor sent Schwarzenegger the enameled address sign (Thal 145) of the house where Schwarzenegger was born, declaring «This belongs to him. No one here will ever be assigned that number again».[299][301]
  • Inkpot Award[302]

Government orders and decorations

  • Grand Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria in Gold (1993)[303]
  • Cavalier (2011) and Commander (2017) of the French Legion of Honor[304][305]
  • Honorary Ring of the Federal State of Styria (Austria, June 2017)[306]

Books

  • Schwarzenegger, Arnold (1977). Arnold: Developing a Mr. Universe Physique. Schwarzenegger. OCLC 6457784.
  • Schwarzenegger, Arnold; Douglas Kent Hall (1977). Arnold: The Education of a Bodybuilder. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-671-22879-8.
  • Schwarzenegger, Arnold; Douglas Kent Hall (1979). Arnold’s Bodyshaping for Women. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-671-24301-2.
  • Schwarzenegger, Arnold; Bill Dobbins (1981). Arnold’s Bodybuilding for Men. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-671-25613-5.
  • Schwarzenegger, Arnold; Bill Dobbins (1998). The New Encyclopedia of Modern Bodybuilding (Rev. ed.). New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-684-84374-2.
  • Schwarzenegger, Arnold (2012). Total Recall. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1-84983-971-6.

See also

  • Genealogy of the Kennedy family
  • List of U.S. state governors born outside the United States

References

Footnotes

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  279. ^ «Schwarzenegger calls Kasich the ‘Terminator’«. New Hampshire Union Leader. Archived from the original on February 15, 2016.
  280. ^ «Arnold Schwarzenegger Will Not Be Voting For Donald Trump». People. October 8, 2016. Archived from the original on October 9, 2016. Retrieved October 9, 2016.
  281. ^ «‘I want to punch him’: De Niro launches scathing attack on Trump». ABC News. October 9, 2016. Archived from the original on October 9, 2016. Retrieved October 9, 2016.
  282. ^ «Schwarzenegger, McCain, More Drop Support of Trump». Us Weekly. Archived from the original on October 9, 2016. Retrieved October 9, 2016.
  283. ^ Schwarzenegger, Arnold (July 18, 2017). Arnold Schwarzenegger on Going Vegan. Archived from the original on July 2, 2019. Retrieved July 10, 2019.
  284. ^ «The Game Changers». Archived from the original on October 4, 2019. Retrieved July 10, 2019.
  285. ^ «Arnold Schwarzenegger to white supremacists: ‘Your heroes are losers’«. Business Insider. August 18, 2017. Archived from the original on October 26, 2019. Retrieved October 26, 2019.
  286. ^ «No charges over attack, says Schwarzenegger». May 19, 2019. Archived from the original on May 18, 2019. Retrieved May 29, 2019.
  287. ^ Schwarzenegger, Arnold [@Schwarzenegger] (January 10, 2021). «(Video) My message to my fellow Americans and friends around the world following this week’s attack on the Capitol» (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  288. ^ Pengelly, Martin (January 10, 2021). «Schwarzenegger rebukes Trump and compares Capitol riot to Kristallnacht». The Guardian.
  289. ^ Marinucci, Carla (March 31, 2021). «Arnold Schwarzenegger has a warning for Gavin Newsom». Politico.
  290. ^ Fordham, Evie (March 31, 2021). «Newsom recall effort is sparked by ‘ordinary people,’ not Republican ‘power grab’: Arnold Schwarzenegger». Fox News.
  291. ^ Haefeli, Laura (April 1, 2021). «Former California Gov. Schwarzenegger Warns Newsom To Take Looming Recall Election Seriously». sacramento.cbslocal.com. CBS Sacramento.
  292. ^ «‘Screw your freedom’: Arnold Schwarzenegger calls anti-maskers ‘schmucks’ in powerful rant». USA Today.
  293. ^ Landsverk, Gabby (February 22, 2022). «Arnold Schwarzenegger says he’s been 80% vegan the past 5 years and his ‘bad’ cholesterol is now so low his doctor thought he ‘might be a different person’«. Insider. Retrieved March 9, 2022.
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  295. ^ «International Sports Hall of Fame». Archived from the original on February 28, 2017. Retrieved March 13, 2017.
  296. ^ Salim, Zia (2019). «The Contours of Creativity: Public Art, Cultural Landscapes, and Urban Space in Venice, California» (PDF). The California Geographer/The California Geographical Society. 58. Retrieved September 22, 2020.
  297. ^ WWE Hall of Fame 2015, every inductee!, archived from the original on December 21, 2020, retrieved January 27, 2020
  298. ^ a b «Schwarzenegger’s WWE HOF bio». WWE. Archived from the original on February 11, 2015. Retrieved January 28, 2015.
  299. ^ «And … here’s Arnold’s Run». Archived from the original on December 7, 2001. Retrieved July 13, 2008.
  300. ^ «Strudel, schnitzel shower Schwarzenegger at 60th birthday bash». USA Today. Associated Press. July 30, 2007. Archived from the original on July 5, 2011. Retrieved April 18, 2008.
  301. ^ «Inkpot Award». Comic-Con International: San Diego. December 6, 2012.
  302. ^ «Österreichische Nationalbibliothek – Goldenes Ehrenzeichen für Arnold Schwarzenegger». bildarchivaustria.at. Archived from the original on September 27, 2017. Retrieved July 29, 2019.
  303. ^ «A bad week for the males of our species». Salon. May 19, 2011. Archived from the original on November 2, 2019. Retrieved September 18, 2019.
  304. ^ «Arnold Schwarzenegger Receives France’s Highest Honor for his Environmental Work». People. Archived from the original on March 31, 2018. Retrieved September 18, 2019.
  305. ^ Wutti, Kerstin (June 22, 2017). «Arnold Schwarzenegger erhielt Ehrenring des Landes Steiermark» (in German). meinbezirk.at. Archived from the original on July 29, 2019. Retrieved July 29, 2019.

Further reading

  • Andrews, Nigel (2003). True Myths: The Life and Times of Arnold Schwarzenegger: From Pumping Iron to Governor of California (rev. ed.). New York: Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-1-58234-465-2.
  • Baker, Todd (director) (November 11, 1999). Arnold Schwarzenegger: Hollywood Hero (Television production (special)).
  • Blitz, Michael; Louise Krasniewicz (2004). Why Arnold Matters: The Rise of a Cultural Icon. New York: Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-03752-0.
  • Borowitz, Andy (2004). Governor Arnold: A Photodiary of His First 100 Days in Office. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-7432-6266-8.
  • Brandon, Karen (2004). Arnold Schwarzenegger. San Diego: Lucent Books. ISBN 978-1-59018-539-1.
  • Saunders, Dave (2008). «Arnie»: Schwarzenegger and the Movies. London: I. B. Tauris.
  • Sexton, Colleen A. (2005). Arnold Schwarzenegger. Minneapolis: Lerner Publications. ISBN 978-0-8225-1634-7.
  • Zannos, Susan (2000). Arnold Schwarzenegger. Childs, Md.: Mitchell Lane. ISBN 978-1-883845-95-7.

External links

  • Official website
  • Schwarzenegger Museum
  • Arnold Schwarzenegger at Curlie
  • Arnold Schwarzenegger on WWE.com
  • Appearances on C-SPAN
  • Arnold Schwarzenegger at IMDb
  • Arnold Schwarzenegger at the TCM Movie Database
  • Schwarzenegger competing in Mr. Universe (1969) from British Pathé at YouTube
Government offices
Preceded by

Dick Kazmaier

Chair of the President’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports
1990–1993
Succeeded by

Florence Griffith Joyner

as Co-Chair

Succeeded by

Tom McMillen

as Co-Chair

Party political offices
Preceded by

Bill Simon

Republican nominee for Governor of California
2003, 2006
Succeeded by

Meg Whitman

Political offices
Preceded by

Gray Davis

Governor of California
2003–2011
Succeeded by

Jerry Brown

U.S. order of precedence (ceremonial)
Preceded by

Gray Davis

as Former Governor

Order of precedence of the United States
Within California
Succeeded by

Mike Castle

as Former Governor

Order of precedence of the United States
Outside California
Succeeded by

Al Quie

as Former Governor

Quick Facts

Nick Name: Arnie

Also Known As: Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger

Age: 75 Years, 75 Year Old Males

Born Country: Austria


Quotes By Arnold Schwarzenegger


Actors

Height: 6’2″ (188 cm), 6’2″ Males

political ideology: Political party — Republican

Ancestry: Czech Austrian, Czech American, Austrian American

Notable Alumni: University Of Wisconsin–Superior, Santa Monica College

Personality: INTJ

Founder/Co-Founder: Western Climate Initiative

More Facts

education: Santa Monica College, University Of Wisconsin–Superior

Humanitarian Work: Actor who supports the ‘Special Olympics’ organization

Childhood & Early Life

Arnold Schwarzenegger was born on July, 30, 1947, to Gustav Schwarzenegger who was an Austrian Police chief and Aurelia, Thal, Austria. He had a brother Meinhard and his father was unfair towards Arnold and meted out preferential treatment towards his brother.

He was active in sports like soccer and while preparing himself for soccer he developed an interest in body-building. During the 1960s, he won a few weightlifting and powerlifting competitions.

arnold-schwarzenegger-5799.jpg

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Career

In 1967, Arnold Schwarzenegger earned the ‘Mr. Universe’ title when he was only twenty years old, thus, becoming the youngest individual to win this title. The following year, he again won the Mr. Universe title.

In 1970, he competed in the Mr. Olympia contest and won the contest when he was only twenty-three years old. He created a record of being the youngest person to earn this title.

In 1970s, Arnold Schwarzenegger stepped into Hollywood and began his career with the film ‘Hercules in New York’, and then worked in the film ‘The Long Goodbye’.

During the period 1971-75, he emerged as the winner of Mr. Olympia contest and in 1975, he declared his intention to withdraw from professional body-building.

In 1976, his film ‘Stay Hungry’ was released in which his acting got appreciated and he also won an award for this film.

Arnold Schwarzenegger worked in the film ‘Pumping Iron’ in the year 1977. The same year, he also featured in an episode of the comedy show ‘The San Pedro Beach Bums’.

In 1979, he acted in the film ‘The Villain’, and the following year, he appeared in the biographical movie ‘The Jayne Mansfield Story’, as actress Jayne Mansfield’s husband Mickey Hargitay.

In 1980, he again participated in the Mr. Olympia competition and won it as well. Finally, he officially took retirement from professional body-building.

In 1982, Arnold Schwarzenegger got his first major hit when his film ‘Conan the Barbarian’ was released. He then worked on the sequel of this film called ‘Conan the Destroyer’. This was followed by many more films such as ‘The Terminator’, ‘Predator’, ‘Commando’, ‘The Running Man’, ‘Raw Deal’, Red Heat’ which launched him as a successful action hero.

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He also did a comic role in the 1988 film ‘Twins’. This was followed by his film ‘Total Recall’ which was a huge commercial success.

During the period 1990-93, he chaired the ‘President’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports’ and was then the chairperson of the ‘California Governor’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports’. He was also the ambassador of the ‘Red Cross’ which is an international humanitarian movement.

In 1991, this actor played the protagonist in the ‘Terminator 2: Judgement Day’ which was immensely successful and became the biggest commercial hit of that year.

He worked in the film ‘True Lies’ in 1994, and the same year, he worked in the film ‘Junior’ which earned him a ‘Golden Globe Award’ nomination.

During the 1990s, Arnold Schwarzenegger worked in a few other movies such as ‘Eraser’, ‘Jingle All The Way’, ‘Batman & Robin’. After this he took some time off in order to recover from a back injury. He re-appeared in the movie ‘End of Days’, which was an action fantasy thriller.

In 2002, he acted in the movie ‘The 6th Day’ and then, he starred in ‘Collateral Damage’ but none of these films were met with financial success.

Arnold Schwarzenegger played the lead role in the 2003 film ‘Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines’, and it marked this actor’s comeback into stardom as it was a huge hit and garnered around $150 million in the US.

The same year, he declared to contest the ‘2003 California recall’ election for the office of the Governor of California. He was elected as the Governor of California on 7th October, the same year and remained in office for the next eight years, which included a re-election to the post.

In 2004, he made a guest appearance in the film ‘The Rundown’ and then another cameo role in ‘Around the World in 80 Days’. The following year, he portrayed himself in the film ‘The Kid & I’.

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Arnold Schwarzenegger lent his voice to the character Baron von Steuben in an episode of the tele-series ‘Liberty’s Kids’ called ‘Valley Forge’. He also worked along with actor Sylvester Stallone in the film ‘The Expendables’ in a special appearance.

In 2011, after completing his second term as the Governor of California, he decided to make a comeback in Hollywood. The same year, he founded the NGO named ‘R20 Regions of Climate Action’.

During the period 2012-14, he worked in many films such as ‘The Expendables 2’, ‘The Last Stand’, ‘Escape Plan’, ‘Sabotage’, ‘The Expendables 3’.

In 2012, his autobiography named ‘Total Recall: My Unbelievably True Life Story’ was published.

In 2015, he was seen in the fifth Terminator movie ‘Terminator Genisys’. Though the film was not well-received by critics, Schwarzenegger’s return to the franchise was praised.

In 2017, he starred in the action-comedy ‘Why We’re Killing Gunther’.

Arnold Schwarzenegger will be seen in the Amazon Studios TV series ‘Outrider’ and in the sixth film of the Terminator series.

arnold-schwarzenegger-5800.jpg

Major Works

His role in the ‘The Terminator’ where he played the protagonist has been much acclaimed and he starred in its sequels ‘Terminator 2: Judgement Day’ and ‘Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines’ and both these sequels turned out to be high grossing movies. He has played his role so well that he has been cast in all the sequels of the movie including the fifth sequel ‘Terminator Genisys’ which is schedule to be released in July 2015.

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Awards & Achievements

In 1977, he won his first ‘Golden Globe Award’ for the film ‘Stay Hungry’ as ‘New Male Star of the Year’.

In 1993, he was entitled as the ‘International Star of the Decade’ by the ‘National Association of Theatre Owners’.

This talented actor has been inducted into the ‘Hollywood Walk of Fame’ and the ‘WWE Hall of Fame’

The ‘USC Schwarzenegger Institute for State and Global Policy’ at the ‘University of Southern California’ has been named after this personality.

He has been awarded with the Muhammad Ali Humanitarian Award’ for his charitable endeavours.

arnold-schwarzenegger-5801.jpg

Family & Personal Life

In April 1986, he married Maria Shriver, who is a journalist and the niece of US President John F. Kennedy. The couple is blessed with four children Katherine Eunice Schwarzenegger, Christina Maria Aurelia Schwarzenegger, Patrick Arnold Shriver Schwarzenegger and Christopher Sargent Shriver Schwarzenegger.

The actor allegedly had an extra marital affair with his housekeeper Mildred Patricia Baena and has a son with her named Joseph. This was a reason behind the rift in his relationship with his wife, and she eventually, filed a divorce. They got divorced in 2011

Trivia

He has been nominated many times as the ‘Worst Actor’ in the ‘Golden Raspberry Award’ and in 2004; he was awarded the ‘Worst Razzie Loser of Our First 25 Years’

Arnold Schwarzenegger is an Austrian born American actor and politician. Arnold Schwarzenegger is also a former bodybuilder. He served as the 38th Governor of California from November 17, 2003 – January 3, 2011. Arnold Schwarzenegger has always been known for his action roles in films. He is regarded as the greatest action heroes of all time along with Sylvester Stallone. The Terminator, The Terminator 2, The Terminator 3, The Expendables, The Expendable 2, Conan the Barbarian, Commando and Escape Plan are few of his blockbusters.

Arnold Schwarzenegger

Arnold Schwarzenegger was born in Austria on July 30, 1947. His father Gustav Schwarzenegger was a local police chief. His father served in the World War II as a volunteer member of the Nazi Party. He had a distant relationship with his father and his brother. He was very close with his mother. Arnold Schwarzenegger kept in touch with his mother until her death. He grew up in a Roman Catholic family and attended church every Sunday. As a kid Arnold Schwarzenegger played a lot of sports. He played football as a child. He decided to become a bodybuilder when he was 14. Arnold Schwarzenegger started weight lifting when he was 15. He came in second for the Mr. Universe title in 1966. In 1967, Arnold Schwarzenegger won the Mr. Universe title for the first time. He won the title three more times. He was only 20 at the time when he first won the title and became the youngest ever Mr. Universe. At the age of 21 Arnold Schwarzenegger moved to the US. He won the Mr. Olympia title 7 times in the US. In 1975 Arnold decided to retire from body building. Arnold Schwarzenegger made his actin gdebut in the low budget film Hercules in New York. His first major breakthrough came with Conan the Barbarian in 1982. It was a box office hit and so was the sequel Conan the Destroyer. In 1984 Arnold starred as the Terminator T-800 in the film The Terminator. This character would later go on to become his greatest film role. During the 80’s Stallone and Arnold Schwarzenegger became international stars because of their action films. Sylvester Stallone said he had a personal rivalry with Arnold Schwarzenegger. He went on to star in a lot of action films like The Last Action Hero, Commando, The Terminator 2- Judgment day and The Terminator 3. He acted with Sylvester Stallone acted together in The Expendables, The Expendables 2 and Escape Plan. Arnold Schwarzenegger retired from acting and served as the Governor of California from November 17, 2003 – January 3, 2011.

Signature

Arnold Schwarzenegger Signature

Arnold Schwarzenegger Signature

Arnold Schwarzenegger married Maria Shriver in 1986. Maria Shriver is the niece of U.S President John F. Kennedy. The couple has four children Katherine Schwarzenegger, Christina Schwarzenegger, Patrick Schwarzenegger and Christopher Schwarzenegger. Arnold and Maria divorced in 2011.

Arnold Schwarzenegger

Profile

  • Name: Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger
  • Other name: The Austrian Oak, Arnie, Conan the Republican, Styrian Oak, The Governator, The Running Man, Conan the Governor, Arnold Strong
  • Born: 30 July 1947
  • Birth Place: Thal, Styria, Austria
  • Star Sign: Leo
  • Height: 6 feet 2 inches
  • Education:
  • Profession: Bodybuilder, Actor, Director, Producer, Businessman, Investor, Politician
  • Citizenship: Austria, United States
  • Language: English
  • Personal Quotes: I was always interested in proportion and perfection. When I was 15 I took off my clothes and looked in the mirror. When I stared at myself naked, I realized that to be perfectly proportioned I would need 20-inch arms to match the rest of me.

Family

Maria Shriver (Wife); Gustav Schwarzenegger (father, deceased); Aurelia Jadrny
(mother, deceased); Children: Katherine, Christina, Patrick, Christopher, Joseph Baena,

Filmography

  • The Tomb (2013)
  • Black Sands (2013)
  • Last Stand (2012)
  • The Expendables 2 (2012)
  • Gerrymandering (2010)
  • The Expendables (2010)
  • Darfur Now (2007)
  • How Arnold Won the West (2004)
  • WMD: The Murderous Reign of Saddam Hussein (2004)
  • Around the World in 80 Days (2004)
  • Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines (2003)
  • Collateral Damage (2002)
  • The 6th Day (2000)
  • End of Days (1999)
  • Batman & Robin (1997)
  • Jingle All the Way (1996)
  • Eraser (1996)
  • Junior (1994)
  • True Lies (1994)
  • Beretta’s Island (1994)
  • The Last Action Hero (1993)
  • Dave (1993)
  • Feed (1992)
  • Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991)
  • Kindergarten Cop (1990)
  • Total Recall (1990)
  • Twins (1988)
  • Red Heat (1988)
  • The Running Man (1987)
  • Predator (1987)
  • Raw Deal (1986)
  • Commando (1985)
  • Red Sonja (1985)
  • The Terminator (1984)
  • Conan the Destroyer (1984)
  • Conan the Barbarian (1982)
  • The Jayne Mansfield Story (1980)
  • The Villain (1979)
  • Pumping Iron (1977)
  • Stay Hungry (1976)
  • The Long Goodbye (1973)
  • Hercules Goes Bananas (1970)

External Links

More Info: Wiki | IMDb | Official | RT | FB | Twitter | IG | TikTok | YT

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Перевод «Шварценеггер» на английский


Schwarzenegger — это перевод «Шварценеггер» на английский.
Пример переведенного предложения: Арнольд Шварценеггер был бодибилдером. ↔ Arnold Schwarzenegger was a bodybuilder.

Шварценеггер



существительное женского рода
существительное мужского рода


грамматика


  • surname of German-speakers

    Арнольд Шварценеггер был бодибилдером.

    Arnold Schwarzenegger was a bodybuilder.

  • Glosbe

  • Google

Аурелия и Густав Шварценеггеры, мои мать и отец, в день своей свадьбы в 1945 году.

Art Zeller Aurelia and Gustav Schwarzenegger, my mother and father, on their wedding day in 1945.

Один из основателей «Ориона» Майк Медавой повстречался с Арнольдом Шварценеггером и отправил к нему агента со сценарием для фильма «Терминатор».

Orion co-founder Mike Medavoy had met Arnold Schwarzenegger and sent his agent the script for The Terminator.

Сегодня мы называем моего друга губернатор Шварценеггер!

Today we refer to my friend as Governor Schwarzenegger!

Он также активно участвует в кампании привлечения туристов в Калифорнию, появляясь в рекламных роликах с губернатором Арнольдом Шварценеггером.

Kennedy is also active in California’s tourism campaign, having appeared in several commercials with Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger.

Не тебя, мой большой любимый Шварценеггер.

Not you, my big pet Schwarzenegger.

Между тем требования Шварценеггера не ограничивались $29,25 млн.

Schwarzenegger’s demands, however, did not stop with the guarantee of $29.25 million.

Потом Андре уходит в раздевалку, а Шварценеггер возвращается к своим друзьям.

And then Andre goes to the locker room while Schwarzenegger goes back to his friends.

Один взгляд и все мое новоприобретенное самообладание разрушились как ветровое стекло в фильме со Шварценеггером.

One look and my newfound composure shattered like a windshield in a Schwarzenegger film.

Шварценеггер улыбнулся левым углом рта и отвернулся.

Schwarzenegger smiled with the left corner of his mouth and turned away.

Некоторые влиятельные люди, включая Шварценеггера, говорят, что штат нуждается в новой конституции, которая ограничила бы законодательные инициативы голосования и упростила бы процедуру принятия бюджетов.

Some influential people, including Schwarzenegger, say the state needs a new constitution that would restrict ballot initiatives and make budgets easier to pass.

В научно-фантастическом фильме 2000 года «6-й день», показан интернет-холодильник, который сообщает герою Арнольда Шварценеггера, что молоко закончилось и просит его подтвердить новый заказ.

The 2000 film The 6th Day, features an internet refrigerator which informs Arnold Schwarzenegger that the milk is over its expiring date and asks him to confirm a new order.

По просьбе президента Буша делегацию президента на церемонии похорон возглавит уроженец Австрии губернатор Калифорнии Арнольд Шварценеггер

President Bush asked the Austrian-born Governor of California, Arnold Schwarzenegger, to head the presidential delegation to the funeral

Вместо этого Шварценеггер в своем законотворчестве, как и прочие американцы, руководствуется мыслью, что девять миллионов незарегистрированных работников не имеют никакого значения.

Instead, Schwarzenegger, like other Americans, makes laws in the belief that nine million undocumented workers do not matter.

Эта должность дает мне возможность ездить по всему миру и читать лекции, представляя УЮК и институт Шварценеггера.

Professorship will enable me to travel the world and give lectures representing USC and the Schwarzenegger Institute.

Шварценеггер выбрал контроль Совета по деятельности в защиту климата, и демократы смягчили свои требования.

Schwarzenegger gave in on the oversight issue, and the Democrats relented on the mandatory requirement.

Откуда родом Арнольд Шварценеггер?

Where did Arnold Schwarzenegger come from?

Например, в сцене, где Хищник гонится за героем Шварценеггера, вода была протухшей и полной пиявок.

For example, in the scene where the Predator chases Dutch, the water was foul, stagnant and full of leeches.

Шварценеггер изначально отказался сниматься в Терминаторе 3, потому что считал, что только Кэмерон, который создал его персонажа и снял первые два фильма, мог снять третий фильм.

Schwarzenegger initially refused to star in the third film because Cameron, who created the character and helmed the first two films, would not be directing the third installment.

Джон Бродер «Не в списке для голосования, Шварценеггер по-прежнему осужден», New York Times, 10 ноября 2005 г.

Broder, “Not on Ballot, Schwarzenegger Is Still Rebuked,” New York Times, November 10, 2005.

Шварценеггер получил за этот фильм 29 млн $ плюс 20 % от прибыли, хотя он согласился отдать в производство часть своей заработной платы для того, чтобы не допустить перемещения съёмок в Ванкувер из Лос-Анджелеса.

Schwarzenegger received a salary of $29.25 million, plus 20 percent of the profits, although he agreed to defer part of his salary in order to prevent the relocation of the set to Vancouver, British Columbia, from Los Angeles.

Шварценеггер, – сказал он, – ты настоящий Конан.

Schwarzenegger,” he said, “you are Conan.”

Джон Джонс был шестифутового роста, как Арнольд Шварценеггер, и покрыт татуировками.

John Jones was just shy of six-feet, built like Arnold Swarzenegger, and covered in tattoos.

Представьте себе афишу: «Терминатор: Шварценеггер».

Imagine the poster: Terminator: Schwarzenegger.”

Наборы данных Арнольда Шварценеггера для создания виртуального Арнольда (голова, по крайней мере) уже сделаны.

Ironically, data sets of Arnold Schwarzenegger for the creation of a virtual Arnold (head, at least) have already been made.

Полагаю, она имела в виду Шварценеггера.

I assume she means Schwarzenegger.

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Arnold Schwarzenegger: biography

Arnold Schwarzenegger was born in an Austrian village Thal in 1947 into the Catholic family. His parents, particularly the father, kept a tight hand on the children. In 1938, the father who worked as the local police chief became the Nazi party member. Arnold’s mother was a housekeeper and looked after the sons.

Arnold was not the favorite child: his parents, especially the father Gustav, paid more attention to the elder son Meinhard. Arnold’s responsibilities included doing household chores before going to school so the boy had to wake up at 6 a.m.

Arnold Schwarzenegger in his childhood

Arnold Schwarzenegger in his childhood

The father insisted that Arnold should play soccer to be athletic. The boy could not disobey the strict parent but took fancy in bodybuilding and switched to it at 14. Arni went to the gym in Graz every day. It was the reason for the conflict with the father who could not tolerate any disobedience.

Arnold Schwarzenegger did not get along well with his father

Arnold Schwarzenegger did not get along well with his father

Some facts from Arnold Schwarzenegger’s biography convey the idea what the family atmosphere was like. In 1971, Arnold’s brother Meinhard got into an accident in a state of alcohol intoxication and died. Arnie did not go to his brother’s funeral. He also did not say the last good-byes to his father.

Bodybuilding

Arnold went to the army at 18; as he returned to the civilian life, he moved to Munich where he got hired in a fitness club. The young man had so many financial problems that he had to sleep on the gym floor. These ordeals influenced Arnold’s character and behavior. Schwarzenegger was constantly involved in fighting, and the traffic police fined him regularly. Although Arnie became the administrator of the gym, his debts remained huge.

Arnold Schwarzenegger took interest in bodybuilding

Arnold Schwarzenegger took interest in bodybuilding

Since 1966, the bodybuilder’s life followed the bright line: Arnold Schwarzenegger unexpectedly placed second in the Mr. Universe competition. Next year, he received the long-awaited1967 Mr. Universe title. 1968 was also a special year for the future actor: the bodybuilding magazine publisher Joe Weider invited Schwarzenegger to the USA. Arnie managed to take the second place in the 1968 Mr. Universe contest organized by IFBB. The bodybuilder who was aimed at leadership got upset for a little while.

Arnold Schwarzenegger in the Mr. Universe Competition

Arnold Schwarzenegger in the Mr. Universe Competition

Arnie was training hard and won two awards in the Mr. Universe contests organized by NABBA and IFBB soon. In 1970, Schwarzenegger was second to none. For five years in a row, Arnold was the irreplaceable winner of the Mr. Olympia title; he became a legend. He reached the zenith in this sport.

Arnold Schwarzenegger is the multiple Mr. Olympia

Arnold Schwarzenegger is the multiple Mr. Olympia

Schwarzenegger finished his sports career after 1980. His contribution to the popularization of bodybuilding is immense. Arnie is the author of the book “Encyclopedia of Modern Bodybuilding” that was published in 1985; the edition included 10 thousand copies. The famous bodybuilder explained the peculiarities of exercising the muscles of various groups. For many sportspersons, the book became iconic.

Movies

Since 1969, Schwarzenegger started participating in movies just like many of his bodybuilding idols. However, Arnie’s excessive muscle mass and notable German accent became his major problems. The beginning actor was given only minor roles with little text in episodes. Reluctant to be in the background, Arnie took up acting classes, lost some weight, and got rid of the accent.

Arnold Schwarzenegger’s movie career began with the movie “Hercules in New York.” Later, Arnie called this work his least favorite of all. Still, the audience viewed other movies with the actor and bodybuilder with restraint as well.

Arnold’s earnings remained modest for a long time. At first, Schwarzenegger’s acting was so poor that he was often nominated for the Golden Raspberry Award. The comedian Robin Williams even joked that only the Scotch collie Lassie pronounced fewer words than Arnold Schwarzenegger.

Arnold Schwarzenegger is playing Conan

Arnold Schwarzenegger is playing Conan

Schwarzenegger became the real movie star in 1982 after the movie “Conan the Barbarian” was out. While critics rejected it, movie theaters were full of viewers.

In 1984, James Cameron’s movie “Terminator” was released, and Arnold Schwarzenegger became the main figure of action movies. As the movie hits “Commando” and “Predator” came out in the late 1980s, Arnie’s career gained momentum.

Arnold Schwarzenegger in the movie “Terminator”

Arnold Schwarzenegger in the movie “Terminator”

The actor did his best to escape the everlasting image of a brainless ferroconcrete murderer and starred in comedies to achieve this goal. When the actor managed to take the role in the promising comedy “Twins,” he was ready to work only for the percentage of the box office without a fee. The movie starring Arnold Schwarzenegger and Danny DeVito became a success among people. The actor began to star in comedies as frequently as in action movies. The comedies “Kindergarten Cop,” “True Lies,” and “Junior” (with DeVito as well) proved that Arnie was not only the action movie figure.

Arnold Schwarzenegger and Danny DeVito

Arnold Schwarzenegger and Danny DeVito

In 1991, the fantastic action movie “Terminator-2: Judgement Day” appeared on the big screen; this movie is considered to be Schwarzenegger’s most famous movie. Rather than play an antiheroic mechanical murderer, the actor showed the machine possessing some human feelings. The movie brought the actor the world-wide fame and money. His benefits were growing not only due to his roles in movies but also his investments and personal postal mailing and real estate business. Schwarzenegger also received the percentage of the video games and comic books sales.

Arnie received the recording amount of money – $30 million – for the movie “Terminator-3.” His work was nominated for a wide range of prestigious awards as well as the Golden Raspberry prize. The role in the action comedy “The Last Action Hero” stood out: Arnie artistically parodied himself.

Arnold Schwarzenegger starred in comedies

Arnold Schwarzenegger starred in comedies

After the success, another downfall followed. The movies “End of Days,” “The 6th Day,” and “Collateral Damage” were reviewed negatively. In 2003, when the “Terminator-3: Rise of the Machines” came out, 56-year-old Schwarzenegger left cinematography for politics.

In the same year, the actor won the elections and became the Governor of California. Movie shooting almost stopped at that period. After the governorship, Iron Arnie came back to the movie industry.

Arnold Schwarzenegger and Sylvester Stallone

Arnold Schwarzenegger and Sylvester Stallone

In 2012, Schwarzenegger published his memoirs «Total Recall – My Unbelievably True Life Story.” In 2013, the movie “The Last Stand” starring Schwarzenegger came out. In the same year, Arnie’s fans watched the movie “Escape Plan” where Schwarzenegger collaborated with Sylvester Stallone.

In April 2014, the actor worked on the fantastic action movie “Terminator: Genisys” where he played Terminator T-800. The premiere of the movie took place in summer 2015.

Politics

In 2003, Arnold became the 38th Governor of California. Schwarzenegger had to encounter the powerful opposition that managed to reduce his popularity to a large extent. Still, the Governor won the second term and worked as a Governor until 2011.

Arnold Schwarzenegger used to be the Governor of California

Arnold Schwarzenegger used to be the Governor of California

Schwarzenegger’s campaign aimed at expenditure reduction is remembered by California citizens even today. The Governor set the example himself and rejected the salary but, nevertheless, failed to overcome the serious budget deficit. The attempts to collect some money by means of phasing out civil servants and tax increasing were continually accompanied by labor unions’ protests. The state ruled by Arnold Schwarzenegger suffered the consequences of the global crisis most.

Personal life

Arnold Schwarzenegger’s personal life has always been the subject of the utmost interest. His first serious relationship with the English teacher Barbara Outland Baker broke down in 1974. While Barbara dreamed of an ordinary family life, Arnie hated the very idea of such a lifestyle.

In the mid-1970, Schwarzenegger had two love affairs with the hairdresser Sue Moray and TV journalist Maria Shriver, John F. Kennedy’s niece. When Sue insisted that the young man should finally make up his mind, Arnie chose Marie.

In April 1986, Schwarzenegger and Shriver married. In this marriage, four children were born. The first child Katherine Eunice was born in 1989; Christina Maria Aurelia and Patrick were the next. The youngest son Christopher Sargent was born in 1997.

Arnold Schwarzenegger with his wife and children

Arnold Schwarzenegger with his wife and children

The Schwarzeneggers used to live in a large mansion in Brentwood that occupied almost a thousand m2. Just like his father, the actor brought up his children strictly, made them exercise every morning, and keep their rooms perfectly tidy. If he saw scattered things he threw them into the fireplace.

Arnold Schwarzenegger is divorced

Arnold Schwarzenegger is divorced

In May 2011, a great scandal erupted. The actor’s adultery was revealed: as it turned out, the man who was considered an exemplary family person had an affair with a housekeeper, and his illegitimate son Joseph was born. Arnie told his wife about it right after he resigned as the Governor. The couple divorced.

Present days

As he came back to the movie industry, Arnie got engaged into work. In October 2016, it was announced that the actor would play in the Russian-Chinese movie “Viy 2: Journey to China” that was the sequel of the 2014 highest grossing Russian movie “Viy.” Jackie Chan also participated in the movie.

Present days of Arnold Schwarzenegger

Present days of Arnold Schwarzenegger

In 2017, the premiere of the thriller “Aftermath” based on real life took place. It was the story about the catastrophe in Germany on July 1, 2002. The Russian plane with 50 children and a cargo plane collided in the mid-air. The air traffic controller Peter Nielsen’s mistake was one of the reasons for the collision.

Vitaly Kaloyev lost all his family

Vitaly Kaloyev lost all his family

The Russian Vitaly Kaloyev’s wife, daughter, and son died in that terrible catastrophe. In 2004, the man murdered Nielson at his house door. One year later, the Swiss court sentenced the Russian to 8 years in prison, but the man was released in two years for good behavior. He became the assistant of the North Ossetia Minister of Construction and Architecture. According to Kaloyev’s words, nobody asked him about the movie shooting and he would like the scenario to be as close to the actual case as possible.

Arnold Schwarzenegger and Donald Trump

Arnold Schwarzenegger and Donald Trump

Although Arnold Schwarzenegger belongs to the Republican party, he has already argued with President Donald Trump in absence. Before he took up politics, Trump was a TV personality in the show “The Apprentice.” As soon as Trump got busy with more important tasks, Arnie replaced him. Still, Trump did not forget about the program and accused the actor of the show rating decrease. Arnie offered Trump to switch their jobs since the country leader was a great specialist on ratings. Simultaneously, the former Governor promised that people would sleep in peace again when he obtained power.

Filmography

  • Hercules in New York
  • Conan the Barbarian
  • The Terminator
  • Commando
  • Red Heat
  • Total Recall
  • True Lies
  • Eraser
  • Jingle All the Way
  • Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines
  • The Last Stand

Photo

  • 1
    Schwarzenegger, Arnold

    (р. 1947) Шварценеггер, Арнольд

    English-Russian dictionary of regional studies > Schwarzenegger, Arnold

  • 2
    Schwarzenegger, Arnold

    [ˊʃwɔ:rtsǝˊnegǝr]
    Шварценеггер, Арнольд (

    р.

    1947), киноактёр,

    род.

    в Австрии. Как культурист [body building] завоевал титулы Mr. Germany и Mr. Universe. Снялся во многих фильмах, известность получил после выхода фильма «Терминатор» [‘Terminator’, 1984]

    США. Лингвострановедческий англо-русский словарь > Schwarzenegger, Arnold

  • 3
    Arnold Schwarzenegger

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Arnold Schwarzenegger

  • 4
    Arnold Schwarzenegger

    English-Russian media dictionary > Arnold Schwarzenegger

  • 5
    ‘Terminator, The’

    США. Лингвострановедческий англо-русский словарь > ‘Terminator, The’

  • 6
    AS

    7) Военный термин: Aerial Surveillance, Air Service, Air Staff, Air Surveillance, Armed Services, Armed Services Committee, Army Security, Army Staff, Assault Shotgun, FAADC2I Simplified Handheld Terminal Unit, admiral superintendent, aerospace studies, air speed, air station, air superiority, air support, air-to-surface, ammunition storage, ammunition store, angle of sight, antenna site, apprentice seaman, area surveillance, arm of service, armament supplies, armor school, armored shop, army surplus, arsenal section, assistant secretary, atomic strike, automatic switching, Access System

    8) Техника: Automatically Switching, acquisition sensor, action statement, adaptive system, aerial shot, air glow spectrum, air supply, air-seasoned, alto-stratus, ampere-second, angle shot, anisotropic semiconductor, antenna systems, antisubmarine search, arithmetically symmetrical, asdic search, astronomical spectroscopy, atmosphere and space, audio sensitivity, auto sequential, automatic search, Австралийский стандарт

    20) Сокращение: Acquisition Strategy, Advanced Sensors, Aeronautical Standard, Air Search, Aircraft Standard, Aircraft Survivability, Airlift Squadron, Anglo-Saxon, Anti-Spoofing, Anti-Submarine, Assamese, Australia , Automatic Sprinkler, Submarine Tender , airscoop, airspeed, ammeter switch, antisubmarine, artificial satellite, Academy of Science, aortic stenosis, (USN Rating) Aviation Support Equipment Technician, ATM Switch, Aanstaande, Abandon Ship, Ablaufsprache (German: Sequential Function Chart), Abstract Syntax, Academia Sinica (Taiwan), Access Stratum (3GPP), Access System, Acquisition/Application System, Acrylonitrile Styrene, Action Script (scripting language used in flash, similar to Java), Activesync (Microsoft software), Activity Start (ITU-T), Acute Sinusitis, Adam Sandler (actor), Additional Shift (used on overtime forms), Additive Solution (preservative to extend life of red blood cells), Address Strobe, Administrative Simplification, Administrative Site, Administrative Support, Administrative System (Bellcore), Adopted Son, Adult Situations, Adult Swim (Cartoon Network programming block), Advanced Schottky, Advanced Server (Microsoft Windows), Advanced Subsidiary level (UK), Advanced Switching, Aeronautical Science (Flight Major), Aerospace Corporation, Aerospace Society, Aerospace Standards, Aes Sedai (Wheel of Time book series), Aft Shroud, After-Sales Service, AfterStep (Window Manager for X), Agency Services, Agent Society (International Society on Intelligent Agent Technologies), Aggregate Subbase (construction), Aggregate Supply (economics), Aggressor Squadron, Agrarian System, Air Sampling (station), Air Sealed, Air Seasoned Timber, Airfield Services, Aksje Selskap (Norwegian: Limited Company), Alarm Surveillance, Alaska Airlines, Inc., Alaska (IATA airline code), Alessandro Scarlatti (classical composer), Alignment Signal (ITU-T), Alka-Seltzer, All Source, All Star (sports), All Stars (Disney resort), Allowance Standard, Alpha Smart (electronic keyboard), Alto Saxophone, Altostratus (cloud formation), American Samoa (US postal abbreviation), American Singles, Amino Salicylic Acid, Ammunition Specialist, Ampere Sensor, Ampere Switch, Anaerobic Seeder, Anakin Skywalker (Star Wars Character), Anal Seepage, Analog Switch, Analysis Subsystem, Anatolian Studies, Ancillary Services, Angel Sanctuary (Manga), Angelman Syndrome, Angle Slam (wrestling finishing move), Angled Single, Ankylosing Spondylitis (chronic inflammatory form of arthritis affecting the spine), Anno Satanas, Annual Summary, Anonim Sirketi (Turkish: Joint Stock Company), Anonymous Sender, Another Subject, Answer Supervision, Anti Static, Anti Surge (type of electric fuse), Anti Sweat, Anti-Scintillation, Anti-Social, Antichrist Superstar (Marilyn Manson album), Aperture Stop, AppleScript, AppleShare, Applicability Statement, Application Software (NEC), Application System, Applied Science, Approaches Standards (school grading system), Aqueous Solution, Archive Server, Area Security, Area Source, Area Supervisor (FAA ARTCC Area Supervisor 1 or more Sector Suites), Arme’e du Salut (Salvation Army), Arnold Schwarzenegger (body builder, actor, politician), Arsenal Ship, Articulation Score, Artificial Stupidity, As Stated, Asbestos Survey, Ascent Stage, Asian Sensation, Asperger Syndrome (Asperger’s Disorder), Aspheric Subassembly, Assassin/Assassination, Assault Support, Assault at Selonia (Star Wars novel), Assigned (Telabs), Assistant Referee (Soccer), Associate in Science, Associate of Science, Associated Students, Associated Support, Associazione Sportiva (Italian: sports club), Athletics (Oakland baseball team), Attachment Sheet, Audioslave (band), Auger Spectroscopy, Auris Sinister (Latin: Left Ear), Austin Servers (online gaming community), Australia (including Ashmore, Cartier & Coral Sea Islands), Australian Shepherd (dog breed), Australian Standard, Authentication Server, Authentication Service, Author Space (webcomic), Authorization Subsystem, Automation Specialist, Autonomous System (ATM), Autosavants.com (car enthusiasts), Auxiliary Steam, Auxiliary Submarine, Aviation Safety, Complex Antenna, Submarine Tender, Wait (logging abbreviation), analog secure (US DoD), aviation ship (US DoD), active substance

    27) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: amine sewer , array sonic , многозондовый акустический каротаж , array sonic

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > AS

  • 7
    As

    7) Военный термин: Aerial Surveillance, Air Service, Air Staff, Air Surveillance, Armed Services, Armed Services Committee, Army Security, Army Staff, Assault Shotgun, FAADC2I Simplified Handheld Terminal Unit, admiral superintendent, aerospace studies, air speed, air station, air superiority, air support, air-to-surface, ammunition storage, ammunition store, angle of sight, antenna site, apprentice seaman, area surveillance, arm of service, armament supplies, armor school, armored shop, army surplus, arsenal section, assistant secretary, atomic strike, automatic switching, Access System

    8) Техника: Automatically Switching, acquisition sensor, action statement, adaptive system, aerial shot, air glow spectrum, air supply, air-seasoned, alto-stratus, ampere-second, angle shot, anisotropic semiconductor, antenna systems, antisubmarine search, arithmetically symmetrical, asdic search, astronomical spectroscopy, atmosphere and space, audio sensitivity, auto sequential, automatic search, Австралийский стандарт

    20) Сокращение: Acquisition Strategy, Advanced Sensors, Aeronautical Standard, Air Search, Aircraft Standard, Aircraft Survivability, Airlift Squadron, Anglo-Saxon, Anti-Spoofing, Anti-Submarine, Assamese, Australia , Automatic Sprinkler, Submarine Tender , airscoop, airspeed, ammeter switch, antisubmarine, artificial satellite, Academy of Science, aortic stenosis, (USN Rating) Aviation Support Equipment Technician, ATM Switch, Aanstaande, Abandon Ship, Ablaufsprache (German: Sequential Function Chart), Abstract Syntax, Academia Sinica (Taiwan), Access Stratum (3GPP), Access System, Acquisition/Application System, Acrylonitrile Styrene, Action Script (scripting language used in flash, similar to Java), Activesync (Microsoft software), Activity Start (ITU-T), Acute Sinusitis, Adam Sandler (actor), Additional Shift (used on overtime forms), Additive Solution (preservative to extend life of red blood cells), Address Strobe, Administrative Simplification, Administrative Site, Administrative Support, Administrative System (Bellcore), Adopted Son, Adult Situations, Adult Swim (Cartoon Network programming block), Advanced Schottky, Advanced Server (Microsoft Windows), Advanced Subsidiary level (UK), Advanced Switching, Aeronautical Science (Flight Major), Aerospace Corporation, Aerospace Society, Aerospace Standards, Aes Sedai (Wheel of Time book series), Aft Shroud, After-Sales Service, AfterStep (Window Manager for X), Agency Services, Agent Society (International Society on Intelligent Agent Technologies), Aggregate Subbase (construction), Aggregate Supply (economics), Aggressor Squadron, Agrarian System, Air Sampling (station), Air Sealed, Air Seasoned Timber, Airfield Services, Aksje Selskap (Norwegian: Limited Company), Alarm Surveillance, Alaska Airlines, Inc., Alaska (IATA airline code), Alessandro Scarlatti (classical composer), Alignment Signal (ITU-T), Alka-Seltzer, All Source, All Star (sports), All Stars (Disney resort), Allowance Standard, Alpha Smart (electronic keyboard), Alto Saxophone, Altostratus (cloud formation), American Samoa (US postal abbreviation), American Singles, Amino Salicylic Acid, Ammunition Specialist, Ampere Sensor, Ampere Switch, Anaerobic Seeder, Anakin Skywalker (Star Wars Character), Anal Seepage, Analog Switch, Analysis Subsystem, Anatolian Studies, Ancillary Services, Angel Sanctuary (Manga), Angelman Syndrome, Angle Slam (wrestling finishing move), Angled Single, Ankylosing Spondylitis (chronic inflammatory form of arthritis affecting the spine), Anno Satanas, Annual Summary, Anonim Sirketi (Turkish: Joint Stock Company), Anonymous Sender, Another Subject, Answer Supervision, Anti Static, Anti Surge (type of electric fuse), Anti Sweat, Anti-Scintillation, Anti-Social, Antichrist Superstar (Marilyn Manson album), Aperture Stop, AppleScript, AppleShare, Applicability Statement, Application Software (NEC), Application System, Applied Science, Approaches Standards (school grading system), Aqueous Solution, Archive Server, Area Security, Area Source, Area Supervisor (FAA ARTCC Area Supervisor 1 or more Sector Suites), Arme’e du Salut (Salvation Army), Arnold Schwarzenegger (body builder, actor, politician), Arsenal Ship, Articulation Score, Artificial Stupidity, As Stated, Asbestos Survey, Ascent Stage, Asian Sensation, Asperger Syndrome (Asperger’s Disorder), Aspheric Subassembly, Assassin/Assassination, Assault Support, Assault at Selonia (Star Wars novel), Assigned (Telabs), Assistant Referee (Soccer), Associate in Science, Associate of Science, Associated Students, Associated Support, Associazione Sportiva (Italian: sports club), Athletics (Oakland baseball team), Attachment Sheet, Audioslave (band), Auger Spectroscopy, Auris Sinister (Latin: Left Ear), Austin Servers (online gaming community), Australia (including Ashmore, Cartier & Coral Sea Islands), Australian Shepherd (dog breed), Australian Standard, Authentication Server, Authentication Service, Author Space (webcomic), Authorization Subsystem, Automation Specialist, Autonomous System (ATM), Autosavants.com (car enthusiasts), Auxiliary Steam, Auxiliary Submarine, Aviation Safety, Complex Antenna, Submarine Tender, Wait (logging abbreviation), analog secure (US DoD), aviation ship (US DoD), active substance

    27) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: amine sewer , array sonic , многозондовый акустический каротаж , array sonic

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > As

  • 8
    as

    7) Военный термин: Aerial Surveillance, Air Service, Air Staff, Air Surveillance, Armed Services, Armed Services Committee, Army Security, Army Staff, Assault Shotgun, FAADC2I Simplified Handheld Terminal Unit, admiral superintendent, aerospace studies, air speed, air station, air superiority, air support, air-to-surface, ammunition storage, ammunition store, angle of sight, antenna site, apprentice seaman, area surveillance, arm of service, armament supplies, armor school, armored shop, army surplus, arsenal section, assistant secretary, atomic strike, automatic switching, Access System

    8) Техника: Automatically Switching, acquisition sensor, action statement, adaptive system, aerial shot, air glow spectrum, air supply, air-seasoned, alto-stratus, ampere-second, angle shot, anisotropic semiconductor, antenna systems, antisubmarine search, arithmetically symmetrical, asdic search, astronomical spectroscopy, atmosphere and space, audio sensitivity, auto sequential, automatic search, Австралийский стандарт

    20) Сокращение: Acquisition Strategy, Advanced Sensors, Aeronautical Standard, Air Search, Aircraft Standard, Aircraft Survivability, Airlift Squadron, Anglo-Saxon, Anti-Spoofing, Anti-Submarine, Assamese, Australia , Automatic Sprinkler, Submarine Tender , airscoop, airspeed, ammeter switch, antisubmarine, artificial satellite, Academy of Science, aortic stenosis, (USN Rating) Aviation Support Equipment Technician, ATM Switch, Aanstaande, Abandon Ship, Ablaufsprache (German: Sequential Function Chart), Abstract Syntax, Academia Sinica (Taiwan), Access Stratum (3GPP), Access System, Acquisition/Application System, Acrylonitrile Styrene, Action Script (scripting language used in flash, similar to Java), Activesync (Microsoft software), Activity Start (ITU-T), Acute Sinusitis, Adam Sandler (actor), Additional Shift (used on overtime forms), Additive Solution (preservative to extend life of red blood cells), Address Strobe, Administrative Simplification, Administrative Site, Administrative Support, Administrative System (Bellcore), Adopted Son, Adult Situations, Adult Swim (Cartoon Network programming block), Advanced Schottky, Advanced Server (Microsoft Windows), Advanced Subsidiary level (UK), Advanced Switching, Aeronautical Science (Flight Major), Aerospace Corporation, Aerospace Society, Aerospace Standards, Aes Sedai (Wheel of Time book series), Aft Shroud, After-Sales Service, AfterStep (Window Manager for X), Agency Services, Agent Society (International Society on Intelligent Agent Technologies), Aggregate Subbase (construction), Aggregate Supply (economics), Aggressor Squadron, Agrarian System, Air Sampling (station), Air Sealed, Air Seasoned Timber, Airfield Services, Aksje Selskap (Norwegian: Limited Company), Alarm Surveillance, Alaska Airlines, Inc., Alaska (IATA airline code), Alessandro Scarlatti (classical composer), Alignment Signal (ITU-T), Alka-Seltzer, All Source, All Star (sports), All Stars (Disney resort), Allowance Standard, Alpha Smart (electronic keyboard), Alto Saxophone, Altostratus (cloud formation), American Samoa (US postal abbreviation), American Singles, Amino Salicylic Acid, Ammunition Specialist, Ampere Sensor, Ampere Switch, Anaerobic Seeder, Anakin Skywalker (Star Wars Character), Anal Seepage, Analog Switch, Analysis Subsystem, Anatolian Studies, Ancillary Services, Angel Sanctuary (Manga), Angelman Syndrome, Angle Slam (wrestling finishing move), Angled Single, Ankylosing Spondylitis (chronic inflammatory form of arthritis affecting the spine), Anno Satanas, Annual Summary, Anonim Sirketi (Turkish: Joint Stock Company), Anonymous Sender, Another Subject, Answer Supervision, Anti Static, Anti Surge (type of electric fuse), Anti Sweat, Anti-Scintillation, Anti-Social, Antichrist Superstar (Marilyn Manson album), Aperture Stop, AppleScript, AppleShare, Applicability Statement, Application Software (NEC), Application System, Applied Science, Approaches Standards (school grading system), Aqueous Solution, Archive Server, Area Security, Area Source, Area Supervisor (FAA ARTCC Area Supervisor 1 or more Sector Suites), Arme’e du Salut (Salvation Army), Arnold Schwarzenegger (body builder, actor, politician), Arsenal Ship, Articulation Score, Artificial Stupidity, As Stated, Asbestos Survey, Ascent Stage, Asian Sensation, Asperger Syndrome (Asperger’s Disorder), Aspheric Subassembly, Assassin/Assassination, Assault Support, Assault at Selonia (Star Wars novel), Assigned (Telabs), Assistant Referee (Soccer), Associate in Science, Associate of Science, Associated Students, Associated Support, Associazione Sportiva (Italian: sports club), Athletics (Oakland baseball team), Attachment Sheet, Audioslave (band), Auger Spectroscopy, Auris Sinister (Latin: Left Ear), Austin Servers (online gaming community), Australia (including Ashmore, Cartier & Coral Sea Islands), Australian Shepherd (dog breed), Australian Standard, Authentication Server, Authentication Service, Author Space (webcomic), Authorization Subsystem, Automation Specialist, Autonomous System (ATM), Autosavants.com (car enthusiasts), Auxiliary Steam, Auxiliary Submarine, Aviation Safety, Complex Antenna, Submarine Tender, Wait (logging abbreviation), analog secure (US DoD), aviation ship (US DoD), active substance

    27) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: amine sewer , array sonic , многозондовый акустический каротаж , array sonic

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > as

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