Енисей по английски как пишется

Yenisey
Слияние рек Енисей.jpg

The confluence of the rivers Kaa-Khem and Piy-Khem near Kyzyl
Yeniseirivermap.png

The Yenisey basin, including Lake Baikal
Etymology from either Old Kyrgyz Эне-Сай (Ene-Sai, «mother river») or Evenki Ионэсси (Ionəssi, «big water»)[1][2]
Native name Енисей (Russian)
Location
Country Mongolia, Russia
Region Tuva, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Khakassia, Irkutsk Oblast, Buryatia, Zabaykalsky Krai
Cities Kyzyl, Shagonar, Sayanogorsk, Abakan, Divnogorsk, Krasnoyarsk, Yeniseysk, Lesosibirsk, Igarka, Dudinka
Physical characteristics
Source Mungaragiyn-Gol
 • location ridge Dod-Taygasyn-Noroo, Mongolia
 • coordinates 50°43′46″N 98°39′49″E / 50.72944°N 98.66361°E
 • elevation 3,351 m (10,994 ft)
2nd source The most distant source: Yenisey-Angara-Selenga-Ider system
 • location Khangai Mountains
 • coordinates 47°54′47″N 97°57′1″E / 47.91306°N 97.95028°E
 • elevation 2,850 m (9,350 ft)
Mouth Yenisey Gulf

 • location

 Arctic Ocean, Russia

 • coordinates

 71°50′0″N 82°40′0″E / 71.83333°N 82.66667°ECoordinates: 71°50′0″N 82°40′0″E / 71.83333°N 82.66667°E
Length 3,487 km (2,167 mi)[3]
Basin size 2,554,482 km2 (986,291 sq mi) to 2,580,000 km2 (1,000,000 sq mi)[3]
Width  
 • minimum 90 m (300 ft)[3]
 • maximum 5,000 m (16,000 ft)[4][3]
Depth  
 • minimum 5 m (16 ft)[3]
 • average 14 m (46 ft)[4]
 • maximum 66 m (217 ft)[4]
Discharge  
 • location Igarka, Russia (Basin size 2,440,000 km2 (940,000 sq mi);[5] 2,442,735 km2 (943,145 sq mi)[6])
 • average (Period of data: 1971-2015)19,499 m3/s (688,600 cu ft/s)[6]

18,050 m3/s (637,000 cu ft/s)[5]

(Period of data: 1999-2008) 636 km3/a (20,200 m3/s)[7]
 • minimum 3,120 m3/s (110,000 cu ft/s)[5]
 • maximum 112,000 m3/s (4,000,000 cu ft/s)[5]
Discharge  
 • location Dudinka, Russia (Basin size 2,540,000 km2 (980,000 sq mi))
 • average (Period of data: 1999-2008) 673 km3/a (21,300 m3/s)[7]
Discharge  
 • location Yenisey Gulf (near mouth)
 • average (Period of data: 1984-2018)637 km3/a (20,200 m3/s)

(Period of data: 1940-2017) 588 km3/a (18,600 m3/s)[7]

620 km3/a (20,000 m3/s)[3]
 • minimum 2,700 m3/s (95,000 cu ft/s)[4]
 • maximum 190,000 m3/s (6,700,000 cu ft/s)[4]
Basin features
Tributaries  
 • right Angara, Podkamennaya Tunguska, Nizhnyaya Tunguska

The Yenisey (Russian: Енисе́й, Yeniséy; Mongolian: Горлог мөрөн, Gorlog mörön; Buryat: Горлог мүрэн, Gorlog müren; Tuvan: Улуг-Хем, Uluğ-Hem; Khakas: Ким суғ, Kim suğ; Ket: Ӄук, Quk; Nenets: Ензя-ям’, Enzja-jam),[8] also romanised as Yenisei, Enisei, or Jenisej,[9] is the fifth-longest river system in the world, and the largest to drain into the Arctic Ocean.

Rising in Mungaragiyn-gol in Mongolia, it follows a northerly course through Lake Baikal and the Krasnoyarsk Dam before draining into the Yenisey Gulf in the Kara Sea. The Yenisey divides the Western Siberian Plain in the west from the Central Siberian Plateau to the east; it drains a large part of central Siberia.

It is the central one of three large Siberian rivers that flow into the Arctic Ocean (the other two being the Ob and the Lena). The maximum depth of the Yenisey is 61 metres (200 ft) and the average depth is 14 metres (45 ft).

Geography[edit]

Map including the Yenisey River

The Yenisey proper, from the confluence of its source rivers Great Yenisey and Little Yenisey at Kyzyl to its mouth in the Kara Sea, is 3,487 km (2,167 mi) long. From the source of its tributary Selenga, it is 5,075 km (3,153 mi) long.[10] It has a drainage basin of 2,580,000 km2 (1,000,000 sq mi).[11] The Yenisey flows through the Russian federal subjects Tuva, Khakassia[citation needed] and Krasnoyarsk Krai. The city of Krasnoyarsk is situated on the Yenisey.[12]

Tributaries[edit]

The largest tributaries of the Yenisey are, from source to mouth:[11][13]

  • Little Yenisey (left)
  • Great Yenisey (right)
  • Khemchik (left)
  • Kantegir (left)
  • Abakan (left)
  • Tuba (right)
  • Mana (right)
  • Bazaikha (right)
  • Kacha (left)
  • Kan (right)
  • Angara (right)
  • Kem (left)
  • Bolshoy Pit (right)
  • Sym (left)
  • Dubches (left)
  • Podkamennaya Tunguska (right)
  • Bakhta (right)
  • Yeloguy (left)
  • Nizhnyaya Tunguska (right)
  • Turukhan (left)
  • Kureyka (right)
  • Khantayka (right)
  • Bolshaya Kheta (left)
  • Tanama (left)

Lake Baikal[edit]

A significant feature of the Upper Yenisei is Lake Baikal, the deepest and oldest lake in the world.[14]

Brekhovskie Islands[edit]

The Brekhovskie Islands (Russian-language article: Бреховские острова) lie in the Yenisey estuary and have an area of some 1,400,000 hectares. They provide a wetland habitat for rare and endangered birds and are an internationally important nesting and breeding area for several types of waterfowl.[15] The most north-easterly of the islands, Nosonovskij Ostrov («Nose Island») was visited by Fridtjof Nansen in 1913.[16]

Flora and fauna[edit]

The Yenisey basin (excluding Lake Baikal and lakes of the Khantayka headwaters) is home to 55 native fish species, including two endemics: Gobio sibiricus (a gobionine cyprinid) and Thymallus nigrescens [es] (a grayling).[17] The grayling is restricted to Khövsgöl Nuur and its tributaries.[17] Most fish found in the Yenisey basin are relatively widespread Euro-Siberian or Siberian species, such as northern pike (Esox lucius), common roach (Rutilus rutilus), common dace (Leuciscus leuciscus), Siberian sculpin (Cottus poecilopus), European perch (Perca fluviatilis) and Prussian carp (Carassius gibelio). The basin is also home to many salmonids (trout, whitefish, charr, graylings, taimen and relatives) and the Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii).[17]

The Yenisey valley is habitat for numerous flora and fauna, with Siberian pine and Siberian larch being notable tree species. In prehistoric times Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris, was abundant in the Yenisey valley circa 6000 BC.[18] There are also numerous bird species present in the watershed, including, for example, the hooded crow, Corvus cornix.[19]

Taimyr reindeer herd[edit]

The Taimyr herd of tundra reindeer (Rangifer tarandus sibiricus), the largest reindeer herd in the world,[20][21] migrates to winter grazing ranges along the Yenisey.[22]: 336  It had an estimated 800,000-850,000 individuals as of 2010, but has peaked at over one million.[23]

Navigation[edit]

River steamers first came to the Yenesei River in 1864 and were brought in from Holland and England across the icy Kara Sea. One was the SS Nikolai. The SS Thames attempted to explore the river, overwintered in 1876, but was damaged in the ice and eventually wrecked in the river. Success came with the steamers Frazer, Express in 1878, and the next year, Moscow hauling supplies in and wheat out. The Dalman reached Yeniseisk in 1881.

Imperial Russia placed river steamers on the massive river in an attempt to free up communication with land-locked Siberia. One boat was the SS St. Nicholas which took the future Tsar Nicholas II on his voyage to Siberia, and later conveyed Vladimir Lenin to prison.

Engineers attempted to place river steamers in regular service on the river during the building of the Trans-Siberian Railway. The boats were needed to bring in the rails, engines and supplies. Captain Joseph Wiggins sailed the Orestes with rail in 1893. However, the sea and river route proved very difficult with several ships lost at sea and on the river. Both the Ob and Yenisey mouths feed into very long inlets, several hundred kilometres in length, which are shallow, ice bound and prone to high winds and thus treacherous for navigation. After the completion of the railway, river traffic reduced only to local service as the Arctic route and long river proved much too indirect a route.

The first recreation team to navigate the Yenisey’s entire length, including its violent upper tributary in Mongolia, was an Australian-Canadian effort completed in September 2001. Ben Kozel, Tim Cope, Colin Angus and Remy Quinter were on this team. Both Kozel and Angus wrote books detailing this expedition,[24] and a documentary was produced for National Geographic Television.

A canal inclined plane was built on the river in 1985 at the Krasnoyarsk Dam.[25]

History[edit]

Nomadic tribes such as the Ket people and the Yugh people have lived along the banks of the Yenisey since ancient times, and this region is the location of the Yeniseian language family. The Ket, numbering about 1000, are the only survivors today of those who originally lived throughout central southern Siberia near the river banks. Their extinct relatives included the Kotts, Assans, Arins, Baikots and Pumpokols who lived further upriver to the south. The modern Ket lived in the eastern middle areas of the river before being assimilated politically into Russia during the 17th through 19th centuries.[26]

Some of the earliest known evidence of Turkic origins was found in the Yenisey Valley in the form of stelae, stone monoliths and memorial tablets dating from between the seventh and ninth centuries AD, along with some documents that were found in China’s Xinjiang region. The written evidence gathered from these sources tells of battles fought between the Turks and the Chinese and other legends. There are also examples of Uyghur poetry, though most have survived only in Chinese translation.[27]

Wheat from the Yenisey was sold by Muslims and Uighurs during inadequate harvests to Bukhara and Soghd during the Tahirid era.[28]

Russians first reached the upper Yenisey in 1605, travelling from the Ob, up the Ket, portaging and then down the Yenisey as far as the Sym.[29]

During World War II, Nazi Germany and the Japanese Empire agreed to divide Asia along a line that followed the Yenisey to the border of China and then along the border of China and the Soviet Union.[30]

Pollution[edit]

Studies have shown that the Yenisey suffers from contamination caused by radioactive discharges from a factory that produced bomb-grade plutonium in the secret city of Krasnoyarsk-26, now known as Zheleznogorsk.[31]

Gallery[edit]

  • The bridge over the Yenisey in Krasnoyarsk, Russia, viewed from the left bank.

    The bridge over the Yenisey in Krasnoyarsk, Russia, viewed from the left bank.

  • Vinogradovsky Most, the bridge in Krasnoyarsk, Russia, viewed from the left bank

    Vinogradovsky Most, the bridge in Krasnoyarsk, Russia, viewed from the left bank

  • The Yenisey (left) and the Ob flow into Kara Sea (south at top in this view).

    The Yenisey (left) and the Ob flow into Kara Sea (south at top in this view).

See also[edit]

  • List of rivers of Russia
  • Sayano-Shushenskaya Dam
  • Yenisey Range

References[edit]

  1. ^ Прокофьев, Александр Андреевич (30 August 1990). Избранное : стихотворения, поэмы. ISBN 9785280009615 – via Google Books.
  2. ^ Мирнова, Светлана (5 September 2017). Реки, моря и океаны. Вся вода на Земле. Litres. ISBN 9785457593909 – via Google Books.
  3. ^ a b c d e f «Yenisey River».
  4. ^ a b c d e «The Yenisei River».
  5. ^ a b c d «Station: Igarka». Yenisei Basin. UNH / GRDC. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 31 March 2013.
  6. ^ a b Stadnyk, Tricia A.; Tefs, A.; Broesky, M.; Déry, S. J.; Myers, P. G.; Ridenour, N. A.; Koenig, K.; Vonderbank, L.; Gustafsson, D. (2021). «Changing freshwater contributions to the Arctic». Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene. 9. doi:10.1525/elementa.2020.00098. S2CID 236682638.
  7. ^ a b c «River Discharge».
  8. ^ A.Ochir. «History of the Mongol Oirats» 1993[full citation needed]
  9. ^ «Yenisei River». Hammond Quick & Easy Notebook Reference Atlas & Webster Dictionary. Hammond. April 2006. p. 31. ISBN 0843709227.
  10. ^ Енисей, Great Soviet Encyclopedia
  11. ^ a b «Река ЕНИСЕЙ in the State Water Register of Russia». textual.ru (in Russian).
  12. ^ Alan Taylor (23 August 2013). «A Year on the Yenisei River». The Atlantic. Archived from the original on 26 June 2014. Retrieved 8 June 2014.
  13. ^ C Michael Hogan (13 May 2012). «Yenisei River». Encyclopedia of Earth. Archived from the original on 17 May 2015. Retrieved 23 April 2015.
  14. ^ Nick C. Davidson (2018). «Yenisei River Basin and Lake Baikal (Russia)». The Wetland Book. Springer. pp. 1477–1484. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-4001-3_276. ISBN 978-94-007-4000-6. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
  15. ^ «Brekhovsky Islands in the Yenisei Estuary». ramsar.org. Ramsar Sites Information Service. Retrieved 18 March 2022.
  16. ^ Nansen, Fridtjof (1914). Through Siberia, the Land of the Future. London: William Heinemann. p. 80.
  17. ^ a b c Freshwater Ecoregions of the World (2008). Yenisei. Archived 16 January 2017 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 16 July 2014.
  18. ^ Stein, Ruediger et al. 2003. Siberian river run-off in the Kara Sea, Proceedings in Marine Sciences, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 488 pages
  19. ^ C. Michael Hogan. 2009. Hooded Crow: Corvus cornix, GlobalTwitcher.com, ed, N. Stromberg Archived 26 November 2010 at the Wayback Machine
  20. ^ Russell, D.E.; Gunn, A. (20 November 2013). «Migratory Tundra Rangifer». NOAA Arctic Research Program.
  21. ^ Kolpashikov, L.; Makhailov, V.; Russell, D. (2014). «The role of harvest, predators and socio-political environment in the dynamics of the Taimyr wild reindeer herd with some lessons for North America». Ecology and Society. 20 (1). JSTOR 26269762.
  22. ^ Baskin, Leonid M. (1986), «Differences in the ecology and behaviour of reindeer populations in the USSR», Rangifer, Special Issue, 6 (1): 333–340, doi:10.7557/2.6.2.667, archived from the original on 3 March 2016, retrieved 7 January 2015
  23. ^ Kolpasсhikov, Leonid; Makhailov, Vladimir; Russell, Don (23 January 2015). «The role of harvest, predators, and socio-political environment in the dynamics of the Taimyr wild reindeer herd with some lessons for North America». Ecology and Society. 20 (1). doi:10.5751/ES-07129-200109. ISSN 1708-3087.
  24. ^ Five Months in a Leaky Boat: A River Journey Through Siberia, Kozel, 2003, Pan Macmillan
  25. ^
    Permanent International Association of Navigation Congresses. (1989). Ship lifts: report of a Study Commission within the framework of Permanent . PIANC. ISBN 978-2-87223-006-8. Retrieved 14 December 2011.
  26. ^ Vajda, Edward G. «The Ket and Other Yeniseian Peoples». Archived from the original on 6 April 2019. Retrieved 27 October 2006.
  27. ^ Halman, Talah. A Millenium of Turkish Literature. p. 6.
  28. ^ Ian Blanchard (2001). Mining, Metallurgy and Minting in the Middle Ages: Asiatic supremacy, 425-1125. Franz Steiner Verlag. pp. 271–272. ISBN 978-3-515-07958-7. Archived from the original on 9 January 2017. Retrieved 25 May 2016.
  29. ^ Fisher, Raymond Henry (1943). The Russian Fur Trade, 1550-1700. University of California Press.
  30. ^ Weinberg, Gerhard L. Visions of Victory: The Hopes of Eight World War II Leaders Cambridge, England, United Kingdom:2005—Cambridge University Press [1] Archived 17 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  31. ^ David Hoffman (17 August 1998). «Wastes of War: Radioactivity Threatens a Mighty River». The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 8 April 2014. Retrieved 13 February 2015.

External links[edit]

  • Photos of river around Krasnoyarsk area at Boston.com
  • William Barr, «German paddle-steamers on the Yenisey 1878-84», The Journal of the Hakluyt Society, August 2014.
  • Geographic data related to Yenisey at OpenStreetMap
Источник

Перевод «енисей» на английский

Ваш текст переведен частично.
Вы можете переводить не более 999 символов за один раз.

Войдите или зарегистрируйтесь бесплатно на PROMT.One и переводите еще больше!

<>

Словосочетания (8)

  1. » Енисей » Красноярск — Yenisey Krasnoyarsk
  2. Б . Енисей — Great Yenisey
  3. Бол . Енисей — Great Yenisey
  4. Большой Енисей — Great Yenisey
  5. Енисей Красноярск — Yenisey Krasnoyarsk
  6. М . Енисей — Little Yenisey
  7. Мал . Енисей — Little Yenisey
  8. Малый Енисей — Little Yenisey

Контексты

Бассейн реки Енисей находится на территории Монголии (в верховьях) и Российской Федерации (в низовьях).
Mongolia (upstream country) and the Russian Federation (downstream country) share the Yenisey basin.

Источники трансграничного загрязнения в бассейне реки Енисей расположены главным образом в Монголии (река Селенга) и частично в Российской Федерации через притоки реки Селенга.
The transboundary water pollution in the Yenisey basin stems mainly from Mongolia (the Selenga River) and, partly, from the Russian Federation through the Selenga’s tributaries.

В соответствии с подписанным в 1995 году Соглашением между Российской Федерацией и Монголией принимается ряд совместных мер, направленных на обеспечение охраны, рационального использования и восстановление водных ресурсов реки Енисей.
Following the 1995 Agreement between the Russian Federation and Mongolia, a number of measures are being jointly carried out to protect, rationally use and rehabilitate the water resources of the Yenisey.

Но посовещавшись с руководством американской разведки, мы попросили разрешения побывать на самом засекреченном подземном ядерном объекте в закрытом городе Железногорске на реке Енисей, где в советские времена было создано три крупных реактора по производству плутония, а также крупное хранилище для оружейного плутония.
After conferring with US Intel leaders, we requested permission instead to visit the most sensitive underground nuclear site inside a mountain at the closed city of Zalezhnogorsk along the Yenessee River where the USSR had constructed three large plutonium producing reactors as well as a massive storage site for weapons grade plutonium.

Больше

Бесплатный переводчик онлайн с русского на английский

Вам нужно переводить на английский сообщения в чатах, письма бизнес-партнерам и в службы поддержки онлайн-магазинов или домашнее задание? PROMT.One мгновенно переведет с русского на английский и еще на 20+ языков.

Точный переводчик

С помощью PROMT.One   наслаждайтесь точным переводом с русского на английский,  а также смотрите английскую транскрипцию, произношение и варианты переводов слов с примерами употребления в предложениях.  Бесплатный онлайн-переводчик PROMT.One  — достойная альтернатива Google Translate и другим сервисам, предоставляющим перевод с английского на русский и с русского на английский. Переводите в браузере на персональных компьютерах, ноутбуках, на мобильных устройствах или установите мобильное приложение Переводчик PROMT.One для iOS и Android.

Нужно больше языков?

PROMT.One бесплатно переводит онлайн с русского на азербайджанский, арабский, греческий, иврит, испанский, итальянский, казахский, китайский, корейский, немецкий, португальский, татарский, турецкий, туркменский, узбекский, украинский, финский, французский, эстонский и японский.

Источник

енисей

  • 1
    Енисей

    2) Geography: Enisei, Yenisei , the Yenisei

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Енисей

  • 2
    Енисей

    Русско-английский географический словарь > Енисей

  • 3
    Енисей

    Новый русско-английский словарь > Енисей

  • 4
    Енисей

    Новый большой русско-английский словарь > Енисей

  • 5
    Енисей

    Русско-английский словарь по общей лексике > Енисей

  • 6
    Енисей

    Американизмы. Русско-английский словарь. > Енисей

  • 7
    Енисей

    Русско-английский синонимический словарь > Енисей

  • 8
    Енисей

    Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > Енисей

  • 9
    (р.) Енисей

    Geography:

    Enisei, Yenisei

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > (р.) Енисей

  • 10
    Большой Енисей

    Русско-английский географический словарь > Большой Енисей

  • 11
    Малый Енисей

    Русско-английский географический словарь > Малый Енисей

  • 12
    Восточная Сибирь

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Восточная Сибирь

  • 13
    Енис.

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Енис.

  • 14
    Западно-Сибирская равнина

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Западно-Сибирская равнина

  • 15
    Среднесибирское плоскогорье

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Среднесибирское плоскогорье

  • 16
    енисейский

    2)

    енисе́йские остяки́ этн. уст. — Yenisei Ostyaks, Kets

    Новый большой русско-английский словарь > енисейский

См. также в других словарях:

  • Енисей — река, впадает в Енисейский залив Карского моря; Тува, Хакасия, Красноярский край, Таймырский (Долг. Ненец.) ао. В основе названия эвенк. енэ, йэнэ большая река ; этот термин служил у эвенков названием Ангары и Енисея ниже ее впадения. Более… …   Географическая энциклопедия

  • ЕНИСЕЙ — ЕНИСЕЙ, река в Сибири. Образуется слиянием Большого Енисея (Бий Хем) и Малого Енисея (Ка Хем) у г. Кызыл. 3487 км (от истоков Малого Енисея 4102 км), пл. бассейна 2580 тыс. км2. Протекает по Тувинской котловине, где называется Верхний Енисей (или …   Русская история

  • ЕНИСЕЙ — река в Сибири. Образуется слиянием Большого (Бий Хем) и Малого (Ка Хем) Енисеев у г. Кызыл. 3487 км (от истоков М. Енисея 4102 км), площадь бассейна 2580 тыс. км². Протекает по Тувинской котловине, где называется Верхним Енисеем (или Улуг… …   Большой Энциклопедический словарь

  • енисей — сущ., кол во синонимов: 1 • река (2073) Словарь синонимов ASIS. В.Н. Тришин. 2013 …   Словарь синонимов

  • «Енисей» — ЕНИСЕЙ , мин. транспортъ (заградитель), построенъ въ 1898 г. въ Спб., водоизм. 2.590 тн., дл. 300 фт., шир. 44 фт., скорость хода 17,5 узл., вооруженъ 12 ю скорострѣл. пушками. Война 1904 05 г. застала Е. въ П. Артурѣ, подъ ком. кап. 2 р.… …   Военная энциклопедия

  • Енисей — Запрос «Енисей» перенаправляется сюда; см. также другие значения. Енисей Слияние Большого Енисея и Малого Енисея у города Кызыла …   Википедия

  • Енисей — одна из величайших рек Сибири и главнейшая река Енисейской губернии, протекающая во всю ее длину от границ Монголии до впадения ее в Енисейскую губу, обширный залив Северного Ледовитого океана. Река Е. составляется из соединения двух рек: Ха кема …   Энциклопедический словарь Ф.А. Брокгауза и И.А. Ефрона

  • Енисей — (по эвенкийски Иоанес и, буквально большая вода, река)         одна из величайших рек СССР и земного шара. Берёт начало двумя истоками: Большой Е. (Бий Хем) и Малый Е. (Ка Хем). Течёт в основном на С. по границе Западной и Восточной Сибири,… …   Большая советская энциклопедия

  • ЕНИСЕЙ — Одна из крупнейших рек в Сибири* и самая многоводная в России. Енисей образуется слиянием двух рек Большого Енисея и Малого Енисея и впадает в Енисейский залив Карского моря. Длина реки 3487 км. По площади бассейна (2580 тыс. кв. км) Енисей… …   Лингвострановедческий словарь

  • Енисей — Сплав туристов по Енисею. ЕНИСЕЙ, одна из крупнейших рек в Сибири и самая многоводная в России, в Красноярском крае (верховья в Туве). Длина 3487 км. Образуется слиянием Большого Енисея (Бий Хем) и Малого Енисея (Ка Хем). Протекает по Тувинской… …   Иллюстрированный энциклопедический словарь

  • Енисей — река в России, в Сибири. Образуется слиянием Большого Енисея (Бий Хем) и Малого Енисея (Ка Хем) у г. Кызыл. 3487 км (от истоков Малого Енисея 4102 км), площадь бассейна 2580 тыс. км2. Протекает по Тувинской котловине, где называется Верхний… …   Энциклопедический словарь

Источник


Перевод «Енисей» на английский


Yenisei, Yenisey, Yenisei River — самые популярные переводы слова «Енисей» на английский.
Пример переведенного предложения: Река Енисей протекает полностью в пределах Российской территории. ↔ The Yenisey River flows only on Russian territory.

Енисей


proper
существительное мужского рода


грамматика

Енисей (хоккейный клуб)

  • Река Енисей протекает полностью в пределах Российской территории.

    The Yenisey River flows only on Russian territory.

  • Река Енисей протекает полностью в пределах Российской территории.

    The Yenisey River flows only on Russian territory.

  • Река Енисей протекает полностью в пределах Российской территории.

    The Yenisey River flows only on Russian territory.

    • Yenissei

  • Glosbe

  • Google

Прикоснитесь к перекрестку цивилизаций — совершите путешествие по сердцу Центральной Сибири – региону могущественной реки Енисей.

In particular zapovedniks (strict nature reserves), national and nature parks offer a totally new experience and a real privilege for the initiated. Because the zapovedniks, many larger in size than Luxembourg, were made off-limits to the public, they are unrivalled in the world in the way the entire ecosystems are conserved and whole communities of plants and animals are left without any human interference.

Верхняя часть бассейна реки Енисей является трансграничной, включая участки трансграничной реки Селенга (общая длина 1 024 км; 409 км в России), и расположена на территории Монголии (верховье) и Российской Федерации (в низовьях).

The upper part of the Yenisey River basin is transboundary, including parts of the transboundary Selenga River (total length 1,024 km; 409 km in Russia), and shared by Mongolia (upstream) and the Russian Federation (downstream).

Источники трансграничного загрязнения в бассейне реки Енисей расположены главным образом в Монголии (река Селенга) и частично в Российской Федерации через притоки реки Селенга.

The transboundary water pollution in the Yenisey basin stems mainly from Mongolia (the Selenga River) and, partly, from the Russian Federation through the Selenga’s tributaries.

Россия позитивно отнеслась к просьбам никарагуанской стороны по оказанию безвозмездной помощи: В 2012-2014 гг. в эту страну поставлено 225 тыс. тонн продовольственной пшеницы, 200 тракторов «Агромаш-85ТК» и 10 комбайнов «Енисей-950» в тропическом исполнении.

Russia reacted positively to the request by the Nicaraguan side to provide free aid to that country: in 2012-2014, Russia shipped 225,000 tonnes of wheat, 200 Agromash-85TK tractors and 10 Yenisei-950 harvesters in the tropical version to Nicaragua.

Два первых лета, 1738 и 1739 годов, Минину не удалось пройти дальше самых северных зимовий на Енисее.

The two first summers, 1738 and 1739, Minin could not get further than to the northernmost sumovies on the Yenisej.

Острова на Енисее низменные, так что горизонт к югу был, вероятно, довольно открытый.

The islands on the Yenisej are so low that there was probably a pretty open horizon towards the south.

В соответствии с подписанным в 1995 году Соглашением между Российской Федерацией и Монголией принимается ряд совместных мер, направленных на обеспечение охраны, рационального использования и восстановление водных ресурсов реки Енисей.

Following the 1995 Agreement between the Russian Federation and Mongolia, a number of measures are being jointly carried out to protect, rationally use and rehabilitate the water resources of the Yenisey.

Потом к Енисею, потому что Енисей это была единственная надежда встретить людей и помощь.

Then to the Yenisei, because the Yenisei was his only hope of finding people and assistance.

2000 г. с космодрома Байконур стартовала ракета «Зенит» с российским космическим аппаратом «Енисей».

2000, launched from Baikonur «Zenit» with the Russian spacecraft «Yenisei».

Факторы нагрузки в трансграничном суббассейне реки Енисей

Pressure factors in the transboundary sub-basin of the Yenisey River

Все поверхностные воды, образующие или пересекающие границу между двумя государствами, включая реки Онон, Селенга и реки, впадающие в реку Енисей

All surface waters and groundwaters which form or cross the frontier between the two States, including Rivers Onon, Selenga and waters draining into the River Jenissey

Река Енисей протекает полностью в пределах Российской территории.

The Yenisey River flows only on Russian territory.

В сезоне 2018/19 обыграв действующего чемпиона Швеции — «Эдсбюн» и в четвертьфинале сенсационно разгромив красноярский «Енисей» — 0:4 нижегородский «Старт» впервые в своей истории вышел в полуфинал Кубка Мира.

In the season 2018/19, they beat the reigning champion of Sweden — “Edsbün” and sensationally defeated the Krasnoyarsk “Yenisei” in the quarter-finals — 0: 4 Nizhny Novgorod “Start” for the first time in its history reached the World Cup semifinal.

В Сибири Обь, Енисей, Лена и Амур являются одними из самых длинных рек в мире.

In Siberia the Ob, Yenisey, Lena and Amur are among the longest rivers in the world.

Первый военно-строительный батальон прибыл на пароходе «Мария Ульянова» еще раньше по Енисею.

The first battalion of military construction workers had arrived earlier on the steamer Maria Ulyanova.

Затем начался долгий перепляс парней и девок на палубе плывущего по Енисею парохода «Ермак».

Then the young men and girls began a long dance on the deck of the Yermak, a steamship sailing down the Yenisei River.

В результате мониторинга почвы, лишайников, игольника и коры в юго-восточной части Тибетского нагорья были получены значения соотношения изомеров, более характерные для технического ДДТ, чем для дикофола (Yang et al 2013), а анализ проб воды Карского моря (российская Арктика), источником которой были, вероятно, реки Обь и Енисей, также показал наличие только технического ДДТ (Carroll et al 2008).

Monitoring of soil, lichen, conifer needles and bark of the Southeast Tibetan Plateau produced isomer ratios indicative of technical DDT rather than dicofol (Yang et al 2013), while sampling in the Kara Sea (Russian Arctic) possibly originating from the Ob and Yenisei Rivers also indicated technical DDT only (Carroll et al 2008).

Первым на Енисее начал метеорологические наблюдения.

The Beeston Observatory was mainly for meteorological observations.

Скоро растает снег в тайге, выйдут из берегов Тобол и Енисей.

Soon the snow would melt in the taiga, and the Tobol and Yenisei would overflow their banks.

— Я никогда не правил кораблем, — промолвил он, щурясь на Енисей

“I’ve never steered a ship,” he said, squinting at the Yenisei.

Административный центр Красноярского края – город Красноярск. Город основан в августе 1628 года казаками под предводительством Андрея Дубенского как пункт для закрепления русских на Среднем Енисее.

The Krasnoyarsk Territory is situated in the Asian part of the Russian Federation between the 51′ N and 81′ N latitude, and 78′ and 113′ East longitude.

Область питания бассейна реки Енисей состоит из следующих основных водотоков: река Селенга, озеро Байкал (31 500 км2 и реки Енисей и Ангара).

The recharge area of the Yenisey basin is made up of the following principal watercourses: the Selenga River, Lake Baikal (31,500 km2) and the Yenisey and Angara rivers.

Там кора…- Ты Енисей видел?

Have you ever seen the Yenisey?

Так как три «великие сибирские реки» — Обь, Енисей и Лена — все впадают в Северный Ледовитый океан, то основной проблемой было найти части или ветви этих рек, которые текут примерно с востока на запад и найти короткие промежутки между ними, которые можно преодолеть волоком.

Since the three great Siberian rivers, Ob River, Yenisei River and Lena River all flow into the Arctic Ocean, the problem was to find parts or branches of these rivers that flow approximately east-west and find short portages between them.

Источник


На основании Вашего запроса эти примеры могут содержать грубую лексику.


На основании Вашего запроса эти примеры могут содержать разговорную лексику.

Перевод «Енисей» на английский

Yenisei

Yenisey

Enisey

Yenissey

Yenissei

Emily


Весной проходит больше месяца, пока Енисей полностью освободится от льда.



But it takes a whole month for the Yenisei to completely get rid of the ice.


Мост через Енисей не только славится своей длинной.



The bridge across the Yenisei is not only famous for its long.


Самая крупная из них — Енисей.



The most important of them is the Enisei.


Это живописный уголок природы, изолированный от города рекой Енисей.



It is a picturesque part of the city, isolated by the river Yenisey.


Река Енисей поражает своей мощью и простором.



The Yenisey River impresses by its vastness and power.


«Енисей» смело можно назвать новым спорткомплексом.



«Yenisei» can be easily called as a new sports complex.


География: Енисей одна из самых длинных и полноводных рек мира.



Geography: Yenisei is one of the longest and deepest rivers in the world.


Необходимость подобной установки объясняется созданием сверхтяжелой ракеты «Енисей».



The need for such a setup due to the establishment of a super-heavy rocket «Yenisei«.


Енисей не только красивая река, но и мощный источник электроэнергии.



Yenisei is not only a beautiful river, but also a powerful source of electricity.


В своём исследовании специалисты измеряли концентрации радионуклидов в разных видах живых организмов, населяющих Енисей вблизи места радиоактивных сбросов.



In their study, scientists measured the concentration of radionuclides in different types of living organisms inhabiting the Yenisei near the site of radioactive discharges.


Река стала носить название — Енисей.



The river began to bear the name — Yenisei.


На большом протяжении северной части река Енисей проложила долину на стыке двух тектонических структур.



Over a large part of the northern area, the Yenisei River maid a valley at the junction of two tectonic structures.


«Енисей» — ракета-носитель сверхтяжелого класса российского производства.



«Yenisei» — a booster carrier of a superheavy class of Russian production.


Енисей проходит все климатические зоны Сибири и многие географические районы.



The Yenisei runs through all climatic zones of Siberia and in many geographical areas.


Енисей считается границей между западной и восточной Сибирью.



The Yenisei is considered the boundary between eastern and western Siberia.


2028 год является плановой датой, сказал он и даже сообщил её название: Енисей.



2028 is the target date, he said, and even gave it a name: Yenisei.


В пути следования фирменный поезд «Енисей» преодолевает З 955 км, пересекает 4 часовых пояса.



On its way, the branded train «Yenisei» overcomes 3955 km, crosses 4 time zones.


Мосты через водохранилище отсутствуют, ближайшие мосты через Енисей расположены в нескольких километрах выше и ниже водохранилища.



Bridges over the reservoir absent nearest bridge across the Yenisei located a few kilometers above and below the reservoir.


Енисей, медикаменты когда на базу везем?



Yenisei, when are we taking medicines to the base?


Енисей, да он да он пикап с пулеметом уничтожил и девчонку раненную вытащил.



Yenisei, yes he… yes he destroyed a pickup truck with a machine gun and pulled the wounded girl out.

Ничего не найдено для этого значения.

Результатов: 643. Точных совпадений: 643. Затраченное время: 112 мс

Documents

Корпоративные решения

Спряжение

Синонимы

Корректор

Справка и о нас

Индекс слова: 1-300, 301-600, 601-900

Индекс выражения: 1-400, 401-800, 801-1200

Индекс фразы: 1-400, 401-800, 801-1200

Источник

Произношение Енисей
Ваш броузер не поддерживает аудио

Енисей – 7 результатов перевода

Приезжай в Бакурияни. Ты там посмотришь, что такое зелень.

. — Ты Енисей видел?

Не видел.

Come to Bakuriani, you’ll see the real greenery.

— Have you ever seen the Yenisey?

— No, I haven’t.

Хотите?

А будущим летом можно по Енисею поехать.

В турпоход.

Would you like that?

Next summer we can sail along the Yenisei river.

Go camping.

» теб€ достаточно бензина, чтобы доехать до туда и вернутьс€ в аэропорт?

Ѕензина едва хватит, чтобы доехать назад в ¬енис.

«то, парень?

You got enough gas to get there and back to the airport?

Not even close. I barely had enough to get back to Venice.

What, man?

Самое глубокое озеро в мире, хранящее 20% всех запасов пресной воды на планете.

Учёные полагают, что около полумиллиона лет тому назад кольчатые нерпы добрались по Енисею из Северного

Летом многие байкальские нерпы обитают на Ушканьих островах.

[ grunting ] the bear’s fate is intertwined with that of the salmon.

a female bear’s reproductive success is directly related to the number of calories she eats.

if the mother isn’t well nourished, her pregnancy will end before the cubs are born.

И ты знаешь, что так долго без твоего малыша я не протяну.

Даже если я смогу смириться с тем, что у тебя есть… пе-е-енис….

Пенис.

And you know I can’t go that long without hitting that.

Even if I were good with you having a p-e-n-i-s—

Penis.

— Не на ломаном итальянском.

Пе-е-енис!

Заткнись!

— Not in fake Italian.

Penis!

Shut up!

Ч —пасибо, спасибо.

Ч Ёх, € скучаю по ¬енис.

Ч ƒа. я как в зеркало посмотрелс€.

Thanks. Thanks. LINA:

Ah, I miss Venice. RUSS:

Yeah. That was like looking in a mirror.

Показать еще

Хотите знать еще больше переводов Енисей?

Мы используем только переведенные профессиональными переводчиками фразы Енисей для формирования нашей постоянно обновляющейся базы. Это позволяет максимально точно переводить не просто слова, но и целые фразы, учитывая контекст и особенности их использования.

Перевести новое выражение

Источник
Yenisey
Слияние рек Енисей.jpg

The confluence of the rivers Kaa-Khem and Piy-Khem near Kyzyl
Yeniseirivermap.png

The Yenisey basin, including Lake Baikal
Etymology from either Old Kyrgyz Эне-Сай (Ene-Sai, «mother river») or Evenki Ионэсси (Ionəssi, «big water»)[1][2]
Native name Енисей (Russian)
Location
Country Mongolia, Russia
Region Tuva, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Khakassia, Irkutsk Oblast, Buryatia, Zabaykalsky Krai
Cities Kyzyl, Shagonar, Sayanogorsk, Abakan, Divnogorsk, Krasnoyarsk, Yeniseysk, Lesosibirsk, Igarka, Dudinka
Physical characteristics
Source Mungaragiyn-Gol
 • location ridge Dod-Taygasyn-Noroo, Mongolia
 • coordinates 50°43′46″N 98°39′49″E / 50.72944°N 98.66361°E
 • elevation 3,351 m (10,994 ft)
2nd source The most distant source: Yenisey-Angara-Selenga-Ider system
 • location Khangai Mountains
 • coordinates 47°54′47″N 97°57′1″E / 47.91306°N 97.95028°E
 • elevation 2,850 m (9,350 ft)
Mouth Yenisey Gulf

 • location

 Arctic Ocean, Russia

 • coordinates

 71°50′0″N 82°40′0″E / 71.83333°N 82.66667°ECoordinates: 71°50′0″N 82°40′0″E / 71.83333°N 82.66667°E
Length 3,487 km (2,167 mi)[3]
Basin size 2,554,482 km2 (986,291 sq mi) to 2,580,000 km2 (1,000,000 sq mi)[3]
Width  
 • minimum 90 m (300 ft)[3]
 • maximum 5,000 m (16,000 ft)[4][3]
Depth  
 • minimum 5 m (16 ft)[3]
 • average 14 m (46 ft)[4]
 • maximum 66 m (217 ft)[4]
Discharge  
 • location Igarka, Russia (Basin size 2,440,000 km2 (940,000 sq mi);[5] 2,442,735 km2 (943,145 sq mi)[6])
 • average (Period of data: 1971-2015)19,499 m3/s (688,600 cu ft/s)[6]

18,050 m3/s (637,000 cu ft/s)[5]

(Period of data: 1999-2008) 636 km3/a (20,200 m3/s)[7]
 • minimum 3,120 m3/s (110,000 cu ft/s)[5]
 • maximum 112,000 m3/s (4,000,000 cu ft/s)[5]
Discharge  
 • location Dudinka, Russia (Basin size 2,540,000 km2 (980,000 sq mi))
 • average (Period of data: 1999-2008) 673 km3/a (21,300 m3/s)[7]
Discharge  
 • location Yenisey Gulf (near mouth)
 • average (Period of data: 1984-2018)637 km3/a (20,200 m3/s)

(Period of data: 1940-2017) 588 km3/a (18,600 m3/s)[7]

620 km3/a (20,000 m3/s)[3]
 • minimum 2,700 m3/s (95,000 cu ft/s)[4]
 • maximum 190,000 m3/s (6,700,000 cu ft/s)[4]
Basin features
Tributaries  
 • right Angara, Podkamennaya Tunguska, Nizhnyaya Tunguska

The Yenisey (Russian: Енисе́й, Yeniséy; Mongolian: Горлог мөрөн, Gorlog mörön; Buryat: Горлог мүрэн, Gorlog müren; Tuvan: Улуг-Хем, Uluğ-Hem; Khakas: Ким суғ, Kim suğ; Ket: Ӄук, Quk; Nenets: Ензя-ям’, Enzja-jam),[8] also romanised as Yenisei, Enisei, or Jenisej,[9] is the fifth-longest river system in the world, and the largest to drain into the Arctic Ocean.

Rising in Mungaragiyn-gol in Mongolia, it follows a northerly course through Lake Baikal and the Krasnoyarsk Dam before draining into the Yenisey Gulf in the Kara Sea. The Yenisey divides the Western Siberian Plain in the west from the Central Siberian Plateau to the east; it drains a large part of central Siberia.

It is the central one of three large Siberian rivers that flow into the Arctic Ocean (the other two being the Ob and the Lena). The maximum depth of the Yenisey is 61 metres (200 ft) and the average depth is 14 metres (45 ft).

Geography[edit]

Map including the Yenisey River

The Yenisey proper, from the confluence of its source rivers Great Yenisey and Little Yenisey at Kyzyl to its mouth in the Kara Sea, is 3,487 km (2,167 mi) long. From the source of its tributary Selenga, it is 5,075 km (3,153 mi) long.[10] It has a drainage basin of 2,580,000 km2 (1,000,000 sq mi).[11] The Yenisey flows through the Russian federal subjects Tuva, Khakassia[citation needed] and Krasnoyarsk Krai. The city of Krasnoyarsk is situated on the Yenisey.[12]

Tributaries[edit]

The largest tributaries of the Yenisey are, from source to mouth:[11][13]

  • Little Yenisey (left)
  • Great Yenisey (right)
  • Khemchik (left)
  • Kantegir (left)
  • Abakan (left)
  • Tuba (right)
  • Mana (right)
  • Bazaikha (right)
  • Kacha (left)
  • Kan (right)
  • Angara (right)
  • Kem (left)
  • Bolshoy Pit (right)
  • Sym (left)
  • Dubches (left)
  • Podkamennaya Tunguska (right)
  • Bakhta (right)
  • Yeloguy (left)
  • Nizhnyaya Tunguska (right)
  • Turukhan (left)
  • Kureyka (right)
  • Khantayka (right)
  • Bolshaya Kheta (left)
  • Tanama (left)

Lake Baikal[edit]

A significant feature of the Upper Yenisei is Lake Baikal, the deepest and oldest lake in the world.[14]

Brekhovskie Islands[edit]

The Brekhovskie Islands (Russian-language article: Бреховские острова) lie in the Yenisey estuary and have an area of some 1,400,000 hectares. They provide a wetland habitat for rare and endangered birds and are an internationally important nesting and breeding area for several types of waterfowl.[15] The most north-easterly of the islands, Nosonovskij Ostrov («Nose Island») was visited by Fridtjof Nansen in 1913.[16]

Flora and fauna[edit]

The Yenisey basin (excluding Lake Baikal and lakes of the Khantayka headwaters) is home to 55 native fish species, including two endemics: Gobio sibiricus (a gobionine cyprinid) and Thymallus nigrescens [es] (a grayling).[17] The grayling is restricted to Khövsgöl Nuur and its tributaries.[17] Most fish found in the Yenisey basin are relatively widespread Euro-Siberian or Siberian species, such as northern pike (Esox lucius), common roach (Rutilus rutilus), common dace (Leuciscus leuciscus), Siberian sculpin (Cottus poecilopus), European perch (Perca fluviatilis) and Prussian carp (Carassius gibelio). The basin is also home to many salmonids (trout, whitefish, charr, graylings, taimen and relatives) and the Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii).[17]

The Yenisey valley is habitat for numerous flora and fauna, with Siberian pine and Siberian larch being notable tree species. In prehistoric times Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris, was abundant in the Yenisey valley circa 6000 BC.[18] There are also numerous bird species present in the watershed, including, for example, the hooded crow, Corvus cornix.[19]

Taimyr reindeer herd[edit]

The Taimyr herd of tundra reindeer (Rangifer tarandus sibiricus), the largest reindeer herd in the world,[20][21] migrates to winter grazing ranges along the Yenisey.[22]: 336  It had an estimated 800,000-850,000 individuals as of 2010, but has peaked at over one million.[23]

Navigation[edit]

River steamers first came to the Yenesei River in 1864 and were brought in from Holland and England across the icy Kara Sea. One was the SS Nikolai. The SS Thames attempted to explore the river, overwintered in 1876, but was damaged in the ice and eventually wrecked in the river. Success came with the steamers Frazer, Express in 1878, and the next year, Moscow hauling supplies in and wheat out. The Dalman reached Yeniseisk in 1881.

Imperial Russia placed river steamers on the massive river in an attempt to free up communication with land-locked Siberia. One boat was the SS St. Nicholas which took the future Tsar Nicholas II on his voyage to Siberia, and later conveyed Vladimir Lenin to prison.

Engineers attempted to place river steamers in regular service on the river during the building of the Trans-Siberian Railway. The boats were needed to bring in the rails, engines and supplies. Captain Joseph Wiggins sailed the Orestes with rail in 1893. However, the sea and river route proved very difficult with several ships lost at sea and on the river. Both the Ob and Yenisey mouths feed into very long inlets, several hundred kilometres in length, which are shallow, ice bound and prone to high winds and thus treacherous for navigation. After the completion of the railway, river traffic reduced only to local service as the Arctic route and long river proved much too indirect a route.

The first recreation team to navigate the Yenisey’s entire length, including its violent upper tributary in Mongolia, was an Australian-Canadian effort completed in September 2001. Ben Kozel, Tim Cope, Colin Angus and Remy Quinter were on this team. Both Kozel and Angus wrote books detailing this expedition,[24] and a documentary was produced for National Geographic Television.

A canal inclined plane was built on the river in 1985 at the Krasnoyarsk Dam.[25]

History[edit]

Nomadic tribes such as the Ket people and the Yugh people have lived along the banks of the Yenisey since ancient times, and this region is the location of the Yeniseian language family. The Ket, numbering about 1000, are the only survivors today of those who originally lived throughout central southern Siberia near the river banks. Their extinct relatives included the Kotts, Assans, Arins, Baikots and Pumpokols who lived further upriver to the south. The modern Ket lived in the eastern middle areas of the river before being assimilated politically into Russia during the 17th through 19th centuries.[26]

Some of the earliest known evidence of Turkic origins was found in the Yenisey Valley in the form of stelae, stone monoliths and memorial tablets dating from between the seventh and ninth centuries AD, along with some documents that were found in China’s Xinjiang region. The written evidence gathered from these sources tells of battles fought between the Turks and the Chinese and other legends. There are also examples of Uyghur poetry, though most have survived only in Chinese translation.[27]

Wheat from the Yenisey was sold by Muslims and Uighurs during inadequate harvests to Bukhara and Soghd during the Tahirid era.[28]

Russians first reached the upper Yenisey in 1605, travelling from the Ob, up the Ket, portaging and then down the Yenisey as far as the Sym.[29]

During World War II, Nazi Germany and the Japanese Empire agreed to divide Asia along a line that followed the Yenisey to the border of China and then along the border of China and the Soviet Union.[30]

Pollution[edit]

Studies have shown that the Yenisey suffers from contamination caused by radioactive discharges from a factory that produced bomb-grade plutonium in the secret city of Krasnoyarsk-26, now known as Zheleznogorsk.[31]

Gallery[edit]

  • The bridge over the Yenisey in Krasnoyarsk, Russia, viewed from the left bank.

    The bridge over the Yenisey in Krasnoyarsk, Russia, viewed from the left bank.

  • Vinogradovsky Most, the bridge in Krasnoyarsk, Russia, viewed from the left bank

    Vinogradovsky Most, the bridge in Krasnoyarsk, Russia, viewed from the left bank

  • The Yenisey (left) and the Ob flow into Kara Sea (south at top in this view).

    The Yenisey (left) and the Ob flow into Kara Sea (south at top in this view).

See also[edit]

  • List of rivers of Russia
  • Sayano-Shushenskaya Dam
  • Yenisey Range

References[edit]

  1. ^ Прокофьев, Александр Андреевич (30 August 1990). Избранное : стихотворения, поэмы. ISBN 9785280009615 – via Google Books.
  2. ^ Мирнова, Светлана (5 September 2017). Реки, моря и океаны. Вся вода на Земле. Litres. ISBN 9785457593909 – via Google Books.
  3. ^ a b c d e f «Yenisey River».
  4. ^ a b c d e «The Yenisei River».
  5. ^ a b c d «Station: Igarka». Yenisei Basin. UNH / GRDC. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 31 March 2013.
  6. ^ a b Stadnyk, Tricia A.; Tefs, A.; Broesky, M.; Déry, S. J.; Myers, P. G.; Ridenour, N. A.; Koenig, K.; Vonderbank, L.; Gustafsson, D. (2021). «Changing freshwater contributions to the Arctic». Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene. 9. doi:10.1525/elementa.2020.00098. S2CID 236682638.
  7. ^ a b c «River Discharge».
  8. ^ A.Ochir. «History of the Mongol Oirats» 1993[full citation needed]
  9. ^ «Yenisei River». Hammond Quick & Easy Notebook Reference Atlas & Webster Dictionary. Hammond. April 2006. p. 31. ISBN 0843709227.
  10. ^ Енисей, Great Soviet Encyclopedia
  11. ^ a b «Река ЕНИСЕЙ in the State Water Register of Russia». textual.ru (in Russian).
  12. ^ Alan Taylor (23 August 2013). «A Year on the Yenisei River». The Atlantic. Archived from the original on 26 June 2014. Retrieved 8 June 2014.
  13. ^ C Michael Hogan (13 May 2012). «Yenisei River». Encyclopedia of Earth. Archived from the original on 17 May 2015. Retrieved 23 April 2015.
  14. ^ Nick C. Davidson (2018). «Yenisei River Basin and Lake Baikal (Russia)». The Wetland Book. Springer. pp. 1477–1484. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-4001-3_276. ISBN 978-94-007-4000-6. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
  15. ^ «Brekhovsky Islands in the Yenisei Estuary». ramsar.org. Ramsar Sites Information Service. Retrieved 18 March 2022.
  16. ^ Nansen, Fridtjof (1914). Through Siberia, the Land of the Future. London: William Heinemann. p. 80.
  17. ^ a b c Freshwater Ecoregions of the World (2008). Yenisei. Archived 16 January 2017 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 16 July 2014.
  18. ^ Stein, Ruediger et al. 2003. Siberian river run-off in the Kara Sea, Proceedings in Marine Sciences, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 488 pages
  19. ^ C. Michael Hogan. 2009. Hooded Crow: Corvus cornix, GlobalTwitcher.com, ed, N. Stromberg Archived 26 November 2010 at the Wayback Machine
  20. ^ Russell, D.E.; Gunn, A. (20 November 2013). «Migratory Tundra Rangifer». NOAA Arctic Research Program.
  21. ^ Kolpashikov, L.; Makhailov, V.; Russell, D. (2014). «The role of harvest, predators and socio-political environment in the dynamics of the Taimyr wild reindeer herd with some lessons for North America». Ecology and Society. 20 (1). JSTOR 26269762.
  22. ^ Baskin, Leonid M. (1986), «Differences in the ecology and behaviour of reindeer populations in the USSR», Rangifer, Special Issue, 6 (1): 333–340, doi:10.7557/2.6.2.667, archived from the original on 3 March 2016, retrieved 7 January 2015
  23. ^ Kolpasсhikov, Leonid; Makhailov, Vladimir; Russell, Don (23 January 2015). «The role of harvest, predators, and socio-political environment in the dynamics of the Taimyr wild reindeer herd with some lessons for North America». Ecology and Society. 20 (1). doi:10.5751/ES-07129-200109. ISSN 1708-3087.
  24. ^ Five Months in a Leaky Boat: A River Journey Through Siberia, Kozel, 2003, Pan Macmillan
  25. ^
    Permanent International Association of Navigation Congresses. (1989). Ship lifts: report of a Study Commission within the framework of Permanent . PIANC. ISBN 978-2-87223-006-8. Retrieved 14 December 2011.
  26. ^ Vajda, Edward G. «The Ket and Other Yeniseian Peoples». Archived from the original on 6 April 2019. Retrieved 27 October 2006.
  27. ^ Halman, Talah. A Millenium of Turkish Literature. p. 6.
  28. ^ Ian Blanchard (2001). Mining, Metallurgy and Minting in the Middle Ages: Asiatic supremacy, 425-1125. Franz Steiner Verlag. pp. 271–272. ISBN 978-3-515-07958-7. Archived from the original on 9 January 2017. Retrieved 25 May 2016.
  29. ^ Fisher, Raymond Henry (1943). The Russian Fur Trade, 1550-1700. University of California Press.
  30. ^ Weinberg, Gerhard L. Visions of Victory: The Hopes of Eight World War II Leaders Cambridge, England, United Kingdom:2005—Cambridge University Press [1] Archived 17 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  31. ^ David Hoffman (17 August 1998). «Wastes of War: Radioactivity Threatens a Mighty River». The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 8 April 2014. Retrieved 13 February 2015.

External links[edit]

  • Photos of river around Krasnoyarsk area at Boston.com
  • William Barr, «German paddle-steamers on the Yenisey 1878-84», The Journal of the Hakluyt Society, August 2014.
  • Geographic data related to Yenisey at OpenStreetMap
Источник
Yenisey
Слияние рек Енисей.jpg

The confluence of the rivers Kaa-Khem and Piy-Khem near Kyzyl
Yeniseirivermap.png

The Yenisey basin, including Lake Baikal
Etymology from either Old Kyrgyz Эне-Сай (Ene-Sai, «mother river») or Evenki Ионэсси (Ionəssi, «big water»)[1][2]
Native name Енисей (Russian)
Location
Country Mongolia, Russia
Region Tuva, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Khakassia, Irkutsk Oblast, Buryatia, Zabaykalsky Krai
Cities Kyzyl, Shagonar, Sayanogorsk, Abakan, Divnogorsk, Krasnoyarsk, Yeniseysk, Lesosibirsk, Igarka, Dudinka
Physical characteristics
Source Mungaragiyn-Gol
 • location ridge Dod-Taygasyn-Noroo, Mongolia
 • coordinates 50°43′46″N 98°39′49″E / 50.72944°N 98.66361°E
 • elevation 3,351 m (10,994 ft)
2nd source The most distant source: Yenisey-Angara-Selenga-Ider system
 • location Khangai Mountains
 • coordinates 47°54′47″N 97°57′1″E / 47.91306°N 97.95028°E
 • elevation 2,850 m (9,350 ft)
Mouth Yenisey Gulf

 • location

 Arctic Ocean, Russia

 • coordinates

 71°50′0″N 82°40′0″E / 71.83333°N 82.66667°ECoordinates: 71°50′0″N 82°40′0″E / 71.83333°N 82.66667°E
Length 3,487 km (2,167 mi)[3]
Basin size 2,554,482 km2 (986,291 sq mi) to 2,580,000 km2 (1,000,000 sq mi)[3]
Width  
 • minimum 90 m (300 ft)[3]
 • maximum 5,000 m (16,000 ft)[4][3]
Depth  
 • minimum 5 m (16 ft)[3]
 • average 14 m (46 ft)[4]
 • maximum 66 m (217 ft)[4]
Discharge  
 • location Igarka, Russia (Basin size 2,440,000 km2 (940,000 sq mi);[5] 2,442,735 km2 (943,145 sq mi)[6])
 • average (Period of data: 1971-2015)19,499 m3/s (688,600 cu ft/s)[6]

18,050 m3/s (637,000 cu ft/s)[5]

(Period of data: 1999-2008) 636 km3/a (20,200 m3/s)[7]
 • minimum 3,120 m3/s (110,000 cu ft/s)[5]
 • maximum 112,000 m3/s (4,000,000 cu ft/s)[5]
Discharge  
 • location Dudinka, Russia (Basin size 2,540,000 km2 (980,000 sq mi))
 • average (Period of data: 1999-2008) 673 km3/a (21,300 m3/s)[7]
Discharge  
 • location Yenisey Gulf (near mouth)
 • average (Period of data: 1984-2018)637 km3/a (20,200 m3/s)

(Period of data: 1940-2017) 588 km3/a (18,600 m3/s)[7]

620 km3/a (20,000 m3/s)[3]
 • minimum 2,700 m3/s (95,000 cu ft/s)[4]
 • maximum 190,000 m3/s (6,700,000 cu ft/s)[4]
Basin features
Tributaries  
 • right Angara, Podkamennaya Tunguska, Nizhnyaya Tunguska

The Yenisey (Russian: Енисе́й, Yeniséy; Mongolian: Горлог мөрөн, Gorlog mörön; Buryat: Горлог мүрэн, Gorlog müren; Tuvan: Улуг-Хем, Uluğ-Hem; Khakas: Ким суғ, Kim suğ; Ket: Ӄук, Quk; Nenets: Ензя-ям’, Enzja-jam),[8] also romanised as Yenisei, Enisei, or Jenisej,[9] is the fifth-longest river system in the world, and the largest to drain into the Arctic Ocean.

Rising in Mungaragiyn-gol in Mongolia, it follows a northerly course through Lake Baikal and the Krasnoyarsk Dam before draining into the Yenisey Gulf in the Kara Sea. The Yenisey divides the Western Siberian Plain in the west from the Central Siberian Plateau to the east; it drains a large part of central Siberia.

It is the central one of three large Siberian rivers that flow into the Arctic Ocean (the other two being the Ob and the Lena). The maximum depth of the Yenisey is 61 metres (200 ft) and the average depth is 14 metres (45 ft).

Geography[edit]

Map including the Yenisey River

The Yenisey proper, from the confluence of its source rivers Great Yenisey and Little Yenisey at Kyzyl to its mouth in the Kara Sea, is 3,487 km (2,167 mi) long. From the source of its tributary Selenga, it is 5,075 km (3,153 mi) long.[10] It has a drainage basin of 2,580,000 km2 (1,000,000 sq mi).[11] The Yenisey flows through the Russian federal subjects Tuva, Khakassia[citation needed] and Krasnoyarsk Krai. The city of Krasnoyarsk is situated on the Yenisey.[12]

Tributaries[edit]

The largest tributaries of the Yenisey are, from source to mouth:[11][13]

  • Little Yenisey (left)
  • Great Yenisey (right)
  • Khemchik (left)
  • Kantegir (left)
  • Abakan (left)
  • Tuba (right)
  • Mana (right)
  • Bazaikha (right)
  • Kacha (left)
  • Kan (right)
  • Angara (right)
  • Kem (left)
  • Bolshoy Pit (right)
  • Sym (left)
  • Dubches (left)
  • Podkamennaya Tunguska (right)
  • Bakhta (right)
  • Yeloguy (left)
  • Nizhnyaya Tunguska (right)
  • Turukhan (left)
  • Kureyka (right)
  • Khantayka (right)
  • Bolshaya Kheta (left)
  • Tanama (left)

Lake Baikal[edit]

A significant feature of the Upper Yenisei is Lake Baikal, the deepest and oldest lake in the world.[14]

Brekhovskie Islands[edit]

The Brekhovskie Islands (Russian-language article: Бреховские острова) lie in the Yenisey estuary and have an area of some 1,400,000 hectares. They provide a wetland habitat for rare and endangered birds and are an internationally important nesting and breeding area for several types of waterfowl.[15] The most north-easterly of the islands, Nosonovskij Ostrov («Nose Island») was visited by Fridtjof Nansen in 1913.[16]

Flora and fauna[edit]

The Yenisey basin (excluding Lake Baikal and lakes of the Khantayka headwaters) is home to 55 native fish species, including two endemics: Gobio sibiricus (a gobionine cyprinid) and Thymallus nigrescens [es] (a grayling).[17] The grayling is restricted to Khövsgöl Nuur and its tributaries.[17] Most fish found in the Yenisey basin are relatively widespread Euro-Siberian or Siberian species, such as northern pike (Esox lucius), common roach (Rutilus rutilus), common dace (Leuciscus leuciscus), Siberian sculpin (Cottus poecilopus), European perch (Perca fluviatilis) and Prussian carp (Carassius gibelio). The basin is also home to many salmonids (trout, whitefish, charr, graylings, taimen and relatives) and the Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii).[17]

The Yenisey valley is habitat for numerous flora and fauna, with Siberian pine and Siberian larch being notable tree species. In prehistoric times Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris, was abundant in the Yenisey valley circa 6000 BC.[18] There are also numerous bird species present in the watershed, including, for example, the hooded crow, Corvus cornix.[19]

Taimyr reindeer herd[edit]

The Taimyr herd of tundra reindeer (Rangifer tarandus sibiricus), the largest reindeer herd in the world,[20][21] migrates to winter grazing ranges along the Yenisey.[22]: 336  It had an estimated 800,000-850,000 individuals as of 2010, but has peaked at over one million.[23]

Navigation[edit]

River steamers first came to the Yenesei River in 1864 and were brought in from Holland and England across the icy Kara Sea. One was the SS Nikolai. The SS Thames attempted to explore the river, overwintered in 1876, but was damaged in the ice and eventually wrecked in the river. Success came with the steamers Frazer, Express in 1878, and the next year, Moscow hauling supplies in and wheat out. The Dalman reached Yeniseisk in 1881.

Imperial Russia placed river steamers on the massive river in an attempt to free up communication with land-locked Siberia. One boat was the SS St. Nicholas which took the future Tsar Nicholas II on his voyage to Siberia, and later conveyed Vladimir Lenin to prison.

Engineers attempted to place river steamers in regular service on the river during the building of the Trans-Siberian Railway. The boats were needed to bring in the rails, engines and supplies. Captain Joseph Wiggins sailed the Orestes with rail in 1893. However, the sea and river route proved very difficult with several ships lost at sea and on the river. Both the Ob and Yenisey mouths feed into very long inlets, several hundred kilometres in length, which are shallow, ice bound and prone to high winds and thus treacherous for navigation. After the completion of the railway, river traffic reduced only to local service as the Arctic route and long river proved much too indirect a route.

The first recreation team to navigate the Yenisey’s entire length, including its violent upper tributary in Mongolia, was an Australian-Canadian effort completed in September 2001. Ben Kozel, Tim Cope, Colin Angus and Remy Quinter were on this team. Both Kozel and Angus wrote books detailing this expedition,[24] and a documentary was produced for National Geographic Television.

A canal inclined plane was built on the river in 1985 at the Krasnoyarsk Dam.[25]

History[edit]

Nomadic tribes such as the Ket people and the Yugh people have lived along the banks of the Yenisey since ancient times, and this region is the location of the Yeniseian language family. The Ket, numbering about 1000, are the only survivors today of those who originally lived throughout central southern Siberia near the river banks. Their extinct relatives included the Kotts, Assans, Arins, Baikots and Pumpokols who lived further upriver to the south. The modern Ket lived in the eastern middle areas of the river before being assimilated politically into Russia during the 17th through 19th centuries.[26]

Some of the earliest known evidence of Turkic origins was found in the Yenisey Valley in the form of stelae, stone monoliths and memorial tablets dating from between the seventh and ninth centuries AD, along with some documents that were found in China’s Xinjiang region. The written evidence gathered from these sources tells of battles fought between the Turks and the Chinese and other legends. There are also examples of Uyghur poetry, though most have survived only in Chinese translation.[27]

Wheat from the Yenisey was sold by Muslims and Uighurs during inadequate harvests to Bukhara and Soghd during the Tahirid era.[28]

Russians first reached the upper Yenisey in 1605, travelling from the Ob, up the Ket, portaging and then down the Yenisey as far as the Sym.[29]

During World War II, Nazi Germany and the Japanese Empire agreed to divide Asia along a line that followed the Yenisey to the border of China and then along the border of China and the Soviet Union.[30]

Pollution[edit]

Studies have shown that the Yenisey suffers from contamination caused by radioactive discharges from a factory that produced bomb-grade plutonium in the secret city of Krasnoyarsk-26, now known as Zheleznogorsk.[31]

Gallery[edit]

  • The bridge over the Yenisey in Krasnoyarsk, Russia, viewed from the left bank.

    The bridge over the Yenisey in Krasnoyarsk, Russia, viewed from the left bank.

  • Vinogradovsky Most, the bridge in Krasnoyarsk, Russia, viewed from the left bank

    Vinogradovsky Most, the bridge in Krasnoyarsk, Russia, viewed from the left bank

  • The Yenisey (left) and the Ob flow into Kara Sea (south at top in this view).

    The Yenisey (left) and the Ob flow into Kara Sea (south at top in this view).

See also[edit]

  • List of rivers of Russia
  • Sayano-Shushenskaya Dam
  • Yenisey Range

References[edit]

  1. ^ Прокофьев, Александр Андреевич (30 August 1990). Избранное : стихотворения, поэмы. ISBN 9785280009615 – via Google Books.
  2. ^ Мирнова, Светлана (5 September 2017). Реки, моря и океаны. Вся вода на Земле. Litres. ISBN 9785457593909 – via Google Books.
  3. ^ a b c d e f «Yenisey River».
  4. ^ a b c d e «The Yenisei River».
  5. ^ a b c d «Station: Igarka». Yenisei Basin. UNH / GRDC. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 31 March 2013.
  6. ^ a b Stadnyk, Tricia A.; Tefs, A.; Broesky, M.; Déry, S. J.; Myers, P. G.; Ridenour, N. A.; Koenig, K.; Vonderbank, L.; Gustafsson, D. (2021). «Changing freshwater contributions to the Arctic». Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene. 9. doi:10.1525/elementa.2020.00098. S2CID 236682638.
  7. ^ a b c «River Discharge».
  8. ^ A.Ochir. «History of the Mongol Oirats» 1993[full citation needed]
  9. ^ «Yenisei River». Hammond Quick & Easy Notebook Reference Atlas & Webster Dictionary. Hammond. April 2006. p. 31. ISBN 0843709227.
  10. ^ Енисей, Great Soviet Encyclopedia
  11. ^ a b «Река ЕНИСЕЙ in the State Water Register of Russia». textual.ru (in Russian).
  12. ^ Alan Taylor (23 August 2013). «A Year on the Yenisei River». The Atlantic. Archived from the original on 26 June 2014. Retrieved 8 June 2014.
  13. ^ C Michael Hogan (13 May 2012). «Yenisei River». Encyclopedia of Earth. Archived from the original on 17 May 2015. Retrieved 23 April 2015.
  14. ^ Nick C. Davidson (2018). «Yenisei River Basin and Lake Baikal (Russia)». The Wetland Book. Springer. pp. 1477–1484. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-4001-3_276. ISBN 978-94-007-4000-6. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
  15. ^ «Brekhovsky Islands in the Yenisei Estuary». ramsar.org. Ramsar Sites Information Service. Retrieved 18 March 2022.
  16. ^ Nansen, Fridtjof (1914). Through Siberia, the Land of the Future. London: William Heinemann. p. 80.
  17. ^ a b c Freshwater Ecoregions of the World (2008). Yenisei. Archived 16 January 2017 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 16 July 2014.
  18. ^ Stein, Ruediger et al. 2003. Siberian river run-off in the Kara Sea, Proceedings in Marine Sciences, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 488 pages
  19. ^ C. Michael Hogan. 2009. Hooded Crow: Corvus cornix, GlobalTwitcher.com, ed, N. Stromberg Archived 26 November 2010 at the Wayback Machine
  20. ^ Russell, D.E.; Gunn, A. (20 November 2013). «Migratory Tundra Rangifer». NOAA Arctic Research Program.
  21. ^ Kolpashikov, L.; Makhailov, V.; Russell, D. (2014). «The role of harvest, predators and socio-political environment in the dynamics of the Taimyr wild reindeer herd with some lessons for North America». Ecology and Society. 20 (1). JSTOR 26269762.
  22. ^ Baskin, Leonid M. (1986), «Differences in the ecology and behaviour of reindeer populations in the USSR», Rangifer, Special Issue, 6 (1): 333–340, doi:10.7557/2.6.2.667, archived from the original on 3 March 2016, retrieved 7 January 2015
  23. ^ Kolpasсhikov, Leonid; Makhailov, Vladimir; Russell, Don (23 January 2015). «The role of harvest, predators, and socio-political environment in the dynamics of the Taimyr wild reindeer herd with some lessons for North America». Ecology and Society. 20 (1). doi:10.5751/ES-07129-200109. ISSN 1708-3087.
  24. ^ Five Months in a Leaky Boat: A River Journey Through Siberia, Kozel, 2003, Pan Macmillan
  25. ^
    Permanent International Association of Navigation Congresses. (1989). Ship lifts: report of a Study Commission within the framework of Permanent . PIANC. ISBN 978-2-87223-006-8. Retrieved 14 December 2011.
  26. ^ Vajda, Edward G. «The Ket and Other Yeniseian Peoples». Archived from the original on 6 April 2019. Retrieved 27 October 2006.
  27. ^ Halman, Talah. A Millenium of Turkish Literature. p. 6.
  28. ^ Ian Blanchard (2001). Mining, Metallurgy and Minting in the Middle Ages: Asiatic supremacy, 425-1125. Franz Steiner Verlag. pp. 271–272. ISBN 978-3-515-07958-7. Archived from the original on 9 January 2017. Retrieved 25 May 2016.
  29. ^ Fisher, Raymond Henry (1943). The Russian Fur Trade, 1550-1700. University of California Press.
  30. ^ Weinberg, Gerhard L. Visions of Victory: The Hopes of Eight World War II Leaders Cambridge, England, United Kingdom:2005—Cambridge University Press [1] Archived 17 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  31. ^ David Hoffman (17 August 1998). «Wastes of War: Radioactivity Threatens a Mighty River». The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 8 April 2014. Retrieved 13 February 2015.

External links[edit]

  • Photos of river around Krasnoyarsk area at Boston.com
  • William Barr, «German paddle-steamers on the Yenisey 1878-84», The Journal of the Hakluyt Society, August 2014.
  • Geographic data related to Yenisey at OpenStreetMap
Источник

  • Енисей как правильно пишется
  • Ему удается вернуться как пишется
  • Ему судьба готовила путь славный имя громкое народного заступника сочинение рассуждение
  • Ему судьба готовила путь славный имя громкое народного заступника н а некрасов итоговое сочинение
  • Ему становится лучше как пишется