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Harvard University

Harvard shield wreath.svg

Coat of arms

Latin: Universitas Harvardiana

Former names

Harvard College
Motto Veritas (Latin)[1]

Motto in English

Truth
Type Private research university
Established 1636; 387 years ago[2]
Founder Massachusetts General Court
Accreditation NECHE

Academic affiliations

  • AAU
  • NAICU
  • AICUM
  • URA
  • Space-grant
Endowment $50.9 billion (2022)[3][4]
President Lawrence Bacow
Provost Alan Garber

Academic staff

~2,400 faculty members (and >10,400 academic appointments in affiliated teaching hospitals)[5]
Students 21,648 (Fall 2021)[6]
Undergraduates 7,153 (Fall 2021)[6]
Postgraduates 14,495 (Fall 2021)[6]
Location

Cambridge

,

Massachusetts

,

United States

42°22′28″N 71°07′01″W / 42.37444°N 71.11694°WCoordinates: 42°22′28″N 71°07′01″W / 42.37444°N 71.11694°W

Campus Midsize City[7], 209 acres (85 ha)
Newspaper The Harvard Crimson
Colors Crimson, white, and black[8]
     
Nickname Crimson

Sporting affiliations

NCAA Division I FCS – Ivy League
Mascot John Harvard
Website harvard.edu Edit this at Wikidata
Logotype of Harvard University

Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1636 as Harvard College and named for its first benefactor, the Puritan clergyman John Harvard, it is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States and one of the most prestigious and highly ranked universities in the world.[9][10]

The university is composed of ten academic faculties plus Harvard Radcliffe Institute. The Faculty of Arts and Sciences offers study in a wide range of undergraduate and graduate academic disciplines, and other faculties offer only graduate degrees, including professional degrees. Harvard has three main campuses:[11]
the 209-acre (85 ha) Cambridge campus centered on Harvard Yard; an adjoining campus immediately across Charles River in the Allston neighborhood of Boston; and the medical campus in Boston’s Longwood Medical Area.[12] Harvard’s endowment is valued at $50.9 billion, making it the wealthiest academic institution in the world.[3][4] Endowment income enables the undergraduate college to admit students regardless of financial need and provide generous financial aid with no loans.[13] Harvard Library is the world’s largest academic library system, comprising 79 individual libraries holding 20 million items.[14][15][16][17]

Harvard’s founding was authorized by the Massachusetts colonial legislature, «dreading to leave an illiterate ministry to the churches, when our present ministers shall lie in the dust»; though never formally affiliated with any denomination, in its early years Harvard College primarily trained Congregational clergy. Its curriculum and student body were gradually secularized during the 18th century. By the 19th century, Harvard emerged as the most prominent academic and cultural institution among the Boston elite.[18][19] Following the American Civil War, under President Charles William Eliot’s long tenure (1869–1909), the college developed multiple affiliated professional schools that transformed the college into a modern research university. In 1900, Harvard co-founded the Association of American Universities.[20] James B. Conant led the university through the Great Depression and World War II, and liberalized admissions after the war.

Throughout its existence, Harvard alumni, faculty, and researchers have included numerous heads of state, Nobel laureates, Fields Medalists, members of Congress, MacArthur Fellows, Rhodes Scholars, Marshall Scholars, and Fulbright Scholars; by most metrics, Harvard ranks at the top, or near the top, of all universities in the world in its alumni in each of these categories.[21] Its alumni include eight U.S. presidents and 188 living billionaires, the most of any university. Fourteen Turing Award laureates have been Harvard affiliates. Students and alumni have won 10 Academy Awards, 48 Pulitzer Prizes, and 110 Olympic medals (46 gold), and they have founded many notable companies.

History

Colonial era

The Harvard Corporation seal found on Harvard diplomas. Christo et Ecclesiae («For Christ and Church») is one of Harvard’s several early mottoes.[22]

Harvard was established in 1636 in the colonial, pre-Revolutionary era by vote of the Great and General Court of Massachusetts Bay Colony. In 1638, the university acquired British North America’s first known printing press.[23][24]

In 1639, it was named Harvard College after John Harvard, an English clergyman who had died soon after immigrating to Massachusetts, bequeathed it £780 and his library of some 320 volumes.[25] The charter creating Harvard Corporation was granted in 1650.

A 1643 publication defined the university’s purpose: «to advance learning and perpetuate it to posterity, dreading to leave an illiterate ministry to the churches when our present ministers shall lie in the dust.»[26] The college trained many Puritan ministers in its early years[27]
and offered a classic curriculum that was based on the English university model‍—‌many leaders in the colony had attended the University of Cambridge‍—‌but also conformed to the tenets of Puritanism. While Harvard never affiliated with any particular denomination, many of its earliest graduates went on to become Puritan clergymen.[28]

Increase Mather served as Harvard College’s president from 1681 to 1701. In 1708, John Leverett became the first president who was not also a clergyman, marking a turning of the college away from Puritanism and toward intellectual independence.[29]

19th century

In the 19th century, Enlightenment ideas of reason and free will were widespread among Congregational ministers, putting those ministers and their congregations at odds with more traditionalist, Calvinist parties.[30]: 1–4  When Hollis Professor of Divinity David Tappan died in 1803 and President Joseph Willard died a year later, a struggle broke out over their replacements. Henry Ware was elected Hollis chair in 1805, and liberal Samuel Webber was appointed president two years later, signaling a shift from traditional ideas at Harvard to liberal, Arminian ideas.[30]: 4–5 [31]: 24 

Charles William Eliot, Harvard president from 1869–1909, eliminated the favored position of Christianity from the curriculum while opening it to student self-direction. Though Eliot was an influential figure in the secularization of American higher education, he was motivated more by Transcendentalist Unitarian convictions influenced by William Ellery Channing, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and others of the time than by secularism.[32]

In 1816, Harvard launched new programs in the study of French and Spanish with George Ticknor as first professor for these language programs.

20th century

Richard Rummell’s 1906 watercolor landscape view, facing northeast.[33]

Harvard’s graduate schools began admitting women in small numbers in the late 19th century. During World War II, students at Radcliffe College (which, since its 1879 founding, had been paying Harvard professors to repeat their lectures for women) began attending Harvard classes alongside men.[34] In 1945, women were first admitted to the medical school.[35]
Since 1971, Harvard had controlled essentially all aspects of undergraduate admission, instruction, and housing for Radcliffe women; in 1999, Radcliffe was formally merged into Harvard.[36]

In the 20th century, Harvard’s reputation grew as its endowment burgeoned and prominent intellectuals and professors affiliated with the university. The university’s rapid enrollment growth also was a product of both the founding of new graduate academic programs and an expansion of the undergraduate college. Radcliffe College emerged as the female counterpart of Harvard College, becoming one of the most prominent schools for women in the United States. In 1900, Harvard became a founding member of the Association of American Universities.[20]

The student body in its first decades of the 20th century was predominantly «old-stock, high-status Protestants, especially Episcopalians, Congregationalists, and Presbyterians,» according to sociologist and author Jerome Karabel.[37] In 1923, a year after the percentage of Jewish students at Harvard reached 20%, President A. Lawrence Lowell supported a policy change that would have capped the admission of Jewish students to 15% of the undergraduate population. But Lowell’s idea was rejected. Lowell also refused to mandate forced desegregation in the university’s freshman dormitories, writing that, «We owe to the colored man the same opportunities for education that we do to the white man, but we do not owe to him to force him and the white into social relations that are not, or may not be, mutually congenial.»[38][39][40][41]

President James B. Conant led the university from 1933 to 1953; Conant reinvigorated creative scholarship in an effort to guarantee Harvard’s preeminence among the nation and world’s emerging research institutions. Conant viewed higher education as a vehicle of opportunity for the talented rather than an entitlement for the wealthy. As such, he devised programs to identify, recruit, and support talented youth. An influential 268-page report issued by Harvard faculty in 1945 under Conant’s leadership, General Education in a Free Society, remains one the most important works in curriculum studies.[42]

Between 1945 and 1960, admissions standardized to open the university to a more diverse group of students; for example, after World War II, special exams were developed so veterans could be considered for admission.[43] No longer drawing mostly from select New England prep schools, the undergraduate college became accessible to striving middle class students from public schools; many more Jews and Catholics were admitted, but still few Blacks, Hispanics, or Asians versus the representation of these demoraphics in the general population.[44] Throughout the latter half of the 20th century, Harvard incrementally became vastly more diverse.[45]

21st century

Drew Gilpin Faust, who was dean of Harvard Radcliffe Institute, became Harvard’s first female president on July 1, 2007.[46] In 2018, Faust retired and joined the board of Goldman Sachs.

On July 1, 2018, Lawrence Bacow was appointed Harvard’s 29th president.[47] Bacow intends to retire in 2023, and on December 15, 2022, it was announced that Claudine Gay will succeed him.

Campuses

Cambridge

Harvard’s 209-acre (85 ha) main campus is centered on Harvard Yard («the Yard») in Cambridge, about 3 miles (5 km) west-northwest of downtown Boston, and extends into the surrounding Harvard Square neighborhood. The Yard contains administrative offices such as University Hall and Massachusetts Hall; libraries such as Widener, Pusey, Houghton, and Lamont; and Memorial Church.

The Yard and adjacent areas include the main academic buildings of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, including the college, such as Sever Hall and Harvard Hall.

Freshman dormitories are in, or adjacent to, the Yard. Upperclassmen live in the twelve residential houses – nine south of the Yard near the Charles River, the others half a mile northwest of the Yard at the Radcliffe Quadrangle (which formerly housed Radcliffe College students). Each house is a community of undergraduates, faculty deans, and resident tutors, with its own dining hall, library, and recreational facilities.[48]

Also in Cambridge are the Law, Divinity (theology), Engineering and Applied Science, Design (architecture), Education, Kennedy (public policy), and Extension schools, as well as the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study in Radcliffe Yard.[49]
Harvard also has commercial real estate holdings in Cambridge.[50][51]

Allston

Harvard Business School, Harvard Innovation Labs, and many athletics facilities, including Harvard Stadium, are located on a 358-acre (145 ha) campus in Allston,[52]
a Boston neighborhood just across the Charles River from the Cambridge campus. The John W. Weeks Bridge, a pedestrian bridge over the Charles River, connects the two campuses.

The university is actively expanding into Allston, where it now owns more land than in Cambridge.[53]
Plans include new construction and renovation for the Business School, a hotel and conference center, graduate student housing, Harvard Stadium, and other athletics facilities.[54]

In 2021, the Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences will expand into a new, 500,000+ square foot Science and Engineering Complex (SEC) in Allston.[55]
The SEC will be adjacent to the Enterprise Research Campus, the Business School, and the Harvard Innovation Labs to encourage technology- and life science-focused startups as well as collaborations with mature companies.[56]

Longwood

The schools of Medicine, Dental Medicine, and Public Health are located on a 21-acre (8.5 ha) campus in the Longwood Medical and Academic Area in Boston, about 3.3 miles (5.3 km) south of the Cambridge campus.[12]
Several Harvard-affiliated hospitals and research institutes are also in Longwood, including Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Joslin Diabetes Center, and the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering. Additional affiliates, most notably Massachusetts General Hospital, are located throughout the Greater Boston area.

Other

Harvard owns the Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection in Washington, D.C., the Harvard Forest in Petersham, Massachusetts, the Concord Field Station in Estabrook Woods in Concord, Massachusetts,[57]
the Villa I Tatti research center in Florence, Italy,[58]
the Harvard Shanghai Center in Shanghai, China,[59]
and the Arnold Arboretum in the Jamaica Plain neighborhood of Boston.

Organization and administration

Governance

School Founded
Harvard College 1636
Medicine 1782
Divinity 1816
Law 1817
Dental Medicine 1867
Arts and Sciences 1872
Business 1908
Extension 1910
Design 1914
Education 1920
Public Health 1922
Government 1936
Engineering and Applied Sciences 2007

Harvard is governed by a combination of its Board of Overseers and the President and Fellows of Harvard College (also known as the Harvard Corporation), which in turn appoints the President of Harvard University.[60]
There are 16,000 staff and faculty,[61]
including 2,400 professors, lecturers, and instructors.[62]

The Faculty of Arts and Sciences is the largest Harvard faculty and has primary responsibility for instruction in Harvard College, the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, the John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS), and the Division of Continuing Education, which includes Harvard Summer School and Harvard Extension School. There are nine other graduate and professional faculties as well as the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study.

Joint programs with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology include the Harvard–MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, the Broad Institute, The Observatory of Economic Complexity, and edX.

Endowment

Harvard has the largest university endowment in the world, valued at about $50.9 billion as of 2022.[3][4]
During the recession of 2007–2009, it suffered significant losses that forced large budget cuts, in particular temporarily halting construction on the Allston Science Complex.[63]
The endowment has since recovered.[64][65][66][67]

About $2 billion of investment income is annually distributed to fund operations.[68]
Harvard’s ability to fund its degree and financial aid programs depends on the performance of its endowment; a poor performance in fiscal year 2016 forced a 4.4% cut in the number of graduate students funded by the Faculty of Arts and Sciences.[69]
Endowment income is critical, as only 22% of revenue is from students’ tuition, fees, room, and board.[70]

Divestment

Since the 1970s, several student-led campaigns have advocated divesting Harvard’s endowment from controversial holdings, including investments in apartheid South Africa, Sudan during the Darfur genocide, and the tobacco, fossil fuel, and private prison industries.[71][72]

In the late 1980s, during the divestment from South Africa movement, student activists erected a symbolic «shantytown» on Harvard Yard and blockaded a speech by South African Vice Consul Duke Kent-Brown.[73][74]
The university eventually reduced its South African holdings by $230 million (out of $400 million) in response to the pressure.[73][75]

Academics

Teaching and learning

Harvard is a large, highly residential research university[77]
offering 50 undergraduate majors,[78]
134 graduate degrees,[79]
and 32 professional degrees.[80]
During the 2018–2019 academic year, Harvard granted 1,665 baccalaureate degrees, 1,013 graduate degrees, and 5,695 professional degrees.[80]

The four-year, full-time undergraduate program has a liberal arts and sciences focus.[77][78]
To graduate in the usual four years, undergraduates normally take four courses per semester.[81]
In most majors, an honors degree requires advanced coursework and a senior thesis.[82]
Though some introductory courses have large enrollments, the median class size is 12 students.[83]

Research

Harvard is a founding member of the Association of American Universities[84] and a preeminent research university with «very high» research activity (R1) and comprehensive doctoral programs across the arts, sciences, engineering, and medicine according to the Carnegie Classification.[77]

With the medical school consistently ranking first among medical schools for research,[85] biomedical research is an area of particular strength for the university. More than 11,000 faculty and over 1,600 graduate students conduct research at the medical school as well as its 15 affiliated hospitals and research institutes.[86] The medical school and its affiliates attracted $1.65 billion in competitive research grants from the National Institutes of Health in 2019, more than twice as much as any other university.[87]

Libraries and museums

.

The Harvard Library system is centered in Widener Library in Harvard Yard and comprises nearly 80 individual libraries holding about 20.4 million items.[14][15][17]
According to the American Library Association, this makes it the largest academic library in the world.[15][5]

Houghton Library, the Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America, and the Harvard University Archives consist principally of rare and unique materials. America’s oldest collection of maps, gazetteers, and atlases both old and new is stored in Pusey Library and open to the public. The largest collection of East-Asian language material outside of East Asia is held in the Harvard-Yenching Library

The Harvard Art Museums comprise three museums. The Arthur M. Sackler Museum covers Asian, Mediterranean, and Islamic art, the Busch–Reisinger Museum (formerly the Germanic Museum) covers central and northern European art, and the Fogg Museum covers Western art from the Middle Ages to the present emphasizing Italian early Renaissance, British pre-Raphaelite, and 19th-century French art. The Harvard Museum of Natural History includes the Harvard Mineralogical Museum, the Harvard University Herbaria featuring the Blaschka Glass Flowers exhibit, and the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Other museums include the Carpenter Center for the Visual Arts, designed by Le Corbusier and housing the film archive, the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, specializing in the cultural history and civilizations of the Western Hemisphere, and the Harvard Museum of the Ancient Near East featuring artifacts from excavations in the Middle East.

Reputation and rankings

Academic rankings
National
ARWU[88] 1
Forbes[89] 15
THE / WSJ[90] 1
U.S. News & World Report[91] 3
Washington Monthly[92] 6
Global
ARWU[93] 1
QS[94] 5
THE[95] 2
U.S. News & World Report[96] 1
National Graduate Rankings[97]
Program Ranking
Biological Sciences 4
Business 6
Chemistry 2
Clinical Psychology 10
Computer Science 16
Earth Sciences 8
Economics 1
Education 1
Engineering 22
English 8
History 4
Law 3
Mathematics 2
Medicine: Primary Care 10
Medicine: Research 1
Physics 3
Political Science 1
Psychology 3
Public Affairs 3
Public Health 2
Sociology 1
Global Subject Rankings[98]
Program Ranking
Agricultural Sciences 22
Arts & Humanities 2
Biology & Biochemistry 1
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems 1
Chemistry 15
Clinical Medicine 1
Computer Science 47
Economics & Business 1
Electrical & Electronic Engineering 136
Engineering 27
Environment/Ecology 5
Geosciences 7
Immunology 1
Materials Science 7
Mathematics 12
Microbiology 1
Molecular Biology & Genetics 1
Neuroscience & Behavior 1
Oncology 1
Pharmacology & Toxicology 1
Physics 4
Plant & Animal Science 13
Psychiatry/Psychology 1
Social Sciences & Public Health 1
Space Science 2
Surgery 1

Among overall rankings, the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) has ranked Harvard as the world’s top university every year since it was released.[99]
When QS and Times Higher Education collaborated to publish the Times Higher Education–QS World University Rankings from 2004 to 2009, Harvard held the top spot every year and continued to hold first place on THE World Reputation Rankings ever since it was released in 2011.[100]
In 2019, it was ranked first worldwide by SCImago Institutions Rankings.[101] It was ranked in the first tier of American research universities, along with Columbia, MIT, and Stanford, in the 2019 report from the Center for Measuring University Performance.[102] Harvard University is accredited by the New England Commission of Higher Education.[103]

Among rankings of specific indicators, Harvard topped both the University Ranking by Academic Performance (2019–2020) and Mines ParisTech: Professional Ranking of World Universities (2011), which measured universities’ numbers of alumni holding CEO positions in Fortune Global 500 companies.[104]
According to annual polls done by The Princeton Review, Harvard is consistently among the top two most commonly named «dream colleges» in the United States, both for students and parents.[105][106][107]
Additionally, having made significant investments in its engineering school in recent years, Harvard was ranked third worldwide for Engineering and Technology in 2019 by Times Higher Education.[108]

School rankings

School Founded Enrollment U.S. News & World Report
Harvard University 1636 31,345[109] 3[110]
Medicine 1782 660 1[111]
Divinity 1816 377 N/A
Law 1817 1,990 4[112]
Dental Medicine 1867 280 N/A
Arts and Sciences 1872 4,824 N/A
Business 1908 2,011 5[113]
Extension 1910 3,428 N/A
Design 1914 878 N/A
Education 1920 876 2[114]
Public Health 1922 1,412 3[113]
Government 1936 1,100 6[115]
Engineering 2007 1,750 21[116]

Student life

Student body composition as of May 2, 2022

Race and ethnicity[117] Total
White 36%
Asian 21%
Hispanic 12%
Foreign national 11%
Black 11%
Other[a] 9%
Economic diversity
Low-income[b] 18%
Affluent[c] 82%

Student life and activities are generally organized within each school.

Student government

The Undergraduate Council represents College students. The Graduate Council represents students at all twelve graduate and professional schools, most of which also have their own student government.[118]

Athletics

Both the undergraduate College and the graduate schools have intramural sports programs.

Harvard College competes in the NCAA Division I Ivy League conference. The school fields 42 intercollegiate sports teams, more than any other college in the country.[119] Every two years, the Harvard and Yale track and field teams come together to compete against a combined Oxford and Cambridge team in the oldest continuous international amateur competition in the world.[120] As with other Ivy League universities, Harvard does not offer athletic scholarships.[121] The school color is crimson.

Harvard’s athletic rivalry with Yale is intense in every sport in which they meet, coming to a climax each fall in the annual football meeting, which dates back to 1875.[122]

Harvard University Gazette

The Harvard Gazette, also called the Harvard University Gazette, is the official press organ of Harvard University. Formerly a print publication, it is now a web site. It publicizes research, faculty, teaching and events at the university. Initiated in 1906, it was originally a weekly calendar of news and events. In 1968 it became a weekly newspaper.

When the Gazette was a print publication, it was considered a good way of keeping up with Harvard news: «If weekly reading suits you best, the most comprehensive and authoritative medium is the Harvard University Gazette«.

In 2010, the Gazette «shifted from a print-first to a digital-first and mobile-first» publication, and reduced its publication calendar to biweekly, while keeping the same number of reporters, including some who had previously worked for the Boston Globe, Miami Herald, and the Associated Press.

Notable people

Alumni

Over more than three and a half centuries, Harvard alumni have contributed creatively and significantly to society, the arts and sciences, business, and national and international affairs. Harvard’s alumni include eight U.S. presidents, 188 living billionaires, 79 Nobel laureates, 7 Fields Medal winners, 9 Turing Award laureates, 369 Rhodes Scholars, 252 Marshall Scholars, and 13 Mitchell Scholars.[123][124][125][126] Harvard students and alumni have won 10 Academy Awards, 48 Pulitzer Prizes, and 108 Olympic medals (including 46 gold medals), and they have founded many notable companies worldwide.[127][128]

  • Notable Harvard alumni include:
  • 2nd President of the United States John Adams (AB, 1755; AM, 1758)[129]

    2nd President of the United States John Adams (AB, 1755; AM, 1758)[129]

  • 26th President of the United States and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Theodore Roosevelt (AB, 1880)[133]

    26th President of the United States and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Theodore Roosevelt (AB, 1880)[133]

  • Author, political activist, and lecturer Helen Keller (AB, 1904, Radcliffe College)

    Author, political activist, and lecturer Helen Keller (AB, 1904, Radcliffe College)

  • Poet and Nobel laureate in literature T. S. Eliot (AB, 1909; AM, 1910)

    Poet and Nobel laureate in literature T. S. Eliot (AB, 1909; AM, 1910)

  • Economist and Nobel laureate in economics Paul Samuelson (AM, 1936; PhD, 1941)

    Economist and Nobel laureate in economics Paul Samuelson (AM, 1936; PhD, 1941)

  • 7th President of Ireland and United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights Mary Robinson (LLM, 1968)

    7th President of Ireland and United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights Mary Robinson (LLM, 1968)

  • 45th Vice President of the United States and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Al Gore (AB, 1969)

    45th Vice President of the United States and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Al Gore (AB, 1969)

  • 11th Prime Minister of Pakistan Benazir Bhutto (AB, 1973, Radcliffe College)

    11th Prime Minister of Pakistan Benazir Bhutto (AB, 1973, Radcliffe College)

  • 14th Chair of the Federal Reserve and Nobel laureate in economics Ben Bernanke (AB, 1975; AM, 1975)

    14th Chair of the Federal Reserve and Nobel laureate in economics Ben Bernanke (AB, 1975; AM, 1975)

  • 17th Chief Justice of the United States John Roberts (AB, 1976; JD, 1979)

    17th Chief Justice of the United States John Roberts (AB, 1976; JD, 1979)

  • Founder of Microsoft and philanthropist Bill Gates (College, 1977;[a 1] LLD hc, 2007)

    Founder of Microsoft and philanthropist Bill Gates (College, 1977;[a 1] LLD hc, 2007)

  • 8th Secretary-General of the United Nations Ban Ki-moon (MPA, 1984)

    8th Secretary-General of the United Nations Ban Ki-moon (MPA, 1984)

  • Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States Elena Kagan (JD, 1986)

    Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States Elena Kagan (JD, 1986)

  • 44th President of the United States and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Barack Obama (JD, 1991)[139][140]

    44th President of the United States and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Barack Obama (JD, 1991)[139][140]

  1. ^ a b Nominal Harvard College class year: did not graduate

Faculty

  • Notable present and past Harvard faculty include:
  • Louis Agassiz

  • Danielle Allen

  • Alan Dershowitz

  • Paul Farmer

  • Jason Furman

  • John Kenneth Galbraith

  • Henry Louis Gates Jr.

  • Asa Gray

  • Seamus Heaney

  • Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.

  • William James

  • Timothy Leary

  • Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

  • James Russell Lowell

  • Greg Mankiw

  • Steven Pinker

  • Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.

  • Amartya Sen

  • B. F. Skinner

  • Lawrence Summers

  • Cass Sunstein

  • Elizabeth Warren

  • Cornel West

  • E. O. Wilson

  • Shing-Tung Yau

  • Robert Reich

Literature and popular culture

The perception of Harvard as a center of either elite achievement, or elitist privilege, has made it a frequent literary and cinematic backdrop. «In the grammar of film, Harvard has come to mean both tradition, and a certain amount of stuffiness,» film critic Paul Sherman has said.[141]

Literature

  • The Sound and the Fury (1929) and Absalom, Absalom! (1936) by William Faulkner both depict Harvard student life.[non-primary source needed]
  • Of Time and the River (1935) by Thomas Wolfe is a fictionalized autobiography that includes his alter ego’s time at Harvard.[non-primary source needed]
  • The Late George Apley (1937) by John P. Marquand parodies Harvard men at the opening of the 20th century;[non-primary source needed] it won the Pulitzer Prize.
  • The Second Happiest Day (1953) by John P. Marquand Jr. portrays the Harvard of the World War II generation.[142][143][144][145][146]

Film

Harvard permits filming on its property only rarely, so most scenes set at Harvard (especially indoor shots, but excepting aerial footage and shots of public areas such as Harvard Square) are in fact shot elsewhere.[147][148]

  • Love Story (1970) concerns a romance between a wealthy Harvard hockey player (Ryan O’Neal) and a brilliant Radcliffe student of modest means (Ali MacGraw): it is screened annually for incoming freshmen.[149][150][151]
  • The Paper Chase (1973)[152]
  • A Small Circle of Friends (1980)[147]
  • Prozac Nation (2001) is a psychological drama about a 19-year-old Harvard student with atypical depression.

See also

  • 2012 Harvard cheating scandal
  • Academic regalia of Harvard University
  • Gore Hall
  • Harvard College social clubs
  • Harvard University Police Department
  • Harvard University Press
  • Harvard/MIT Cooperative Society
  • I, Too, Am Harvard
  • List of oldest universities in continuous operation
  • List of Nobel laureates affiliated with Harvard University
  • Outline of Harvard University
  • Secret Court of 1920

Notes

  1. ^ Other consists of Multiracial Americans & those who prefer to not say.
  2. ^ The percentage of students who received an income-based federal Pell grant intended for low-income students.
  3. ^ The percentage of students who are a part of the American middle class at the bare minimum.

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  143. ^ Halberstam, Michael J. (February 18, 1953). «White Shoe and Weak Will». Harvard Crimson. The book is written slickly, but without distinction…. The book will be quick, enjoyable reading for all Harvard men.
  144. ^ Yardley, Jonathan (December 23, 2009). «Second Reading». The Washington Post.  ’…a balanced and impressive novel…’ [is] a judgment with which I [agree].
  145. ^ Du Bois, William (February 1, 1953). «Out of a Jitter-and-Fritter World». The New York Times. p. BR5. exhibits Mr. Phillips’ talent at its finest
  146. ^ «John Phillips, The Second Happiest Day». Southwest Review. Vol. 38. p. 267. So when the critics say the author of «The Second Happiest Day» is a new Fitzgerald, we think they may be right.
  147. ^ a b Schwartz, Nathaniel L. (September 21, 1999). «University, Hollywood Relationship Not Always a ‘Love Story’«. Harvard Crimson. Archived from the original on September 10, 2021. Retrieved September 15, 2013.
  148. ^ Sarah Thomas (September 24, 2010). «‘Social Network’ taps other campuses for Harvard role». boston.com. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved February 20, 2020.
  149. ^ «Never Having To Say You’re Sorry for 25 Years…» Harvard Crimson. June 3, 1996. Archived from the original on July 17, 2013. Retrieved September 15, 2013.
  150. ^ Vinciguerra, Thomas (August 20, 2010). «The Disease: Fatal. The Treatment: Mockery». The New York Times.
  151. ^ Gewertz, Ken (February 8, 1996). «A Many-Splendored ‘Love Story’. Movie filmed at Harvard 25 years ago helped to define a generation». Harvard University Gazette.
  152. ^ Walsh, Colleen (October 2, 2012). «The Paper Chase at 40». Harvard Gazette.

Bibliography

  • Abelmann, Walter H., ed. The Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology: The First 25 Years, 1970–1995 (2004). 346 pp.
  • Beecher, Henry K. and Altschule, Mark D. Medicine at Harvard: The First 300 Years (1977). 569 pp.
  • Bentinck-Smith, William, ed. The Harvard Book: Selections from Three Centuries (2d ed.1982). 499 pp.
  • Bethell, John T.; Hunt, Richard M.; and Shenton, Robert. Harvard A to Z (2004). 396 pp. excerpt and text search
  • Bethell, John T. Harvard Observed: An Illustrated History of the University in the Twentieth Century, Harvard University Press, 1998, ISBN 0-674-37733-8
  • Bunting, Bainbridge. Harvard: An Architectural History (1985). 350 pp.
  • Carpenter, Kenneth E. The First 350 Years of the Harvard University Library: Description of an Exhibition (1986). 216 pp.
  • Cuno, James et al. Harvard’s Art Museums: 100 Years of Collecting (1996). 364 pp.
  • Elliott, Clark A. and Rossiter, Margaret W., eds. Science at Harvard University: Historical Perspectives (1992). 380 pp.
  • Hall, Max. Harvard University Press: A History (1986). 257 pp.
  • Hay, Ida. Science in the Pleasure Ground: A History of the Arnold Arboretum (1995). 349 pp.
  • Hoerr, John, We Can’t Eat Prestige: The Women Who Organized Harvard; Temple University Press, 1997, ISBN 1-56639-535-6
  • Howells, Dorothy Elia. A Century to Celebrate: Radcliffe College, 1879–1979 (1978). 152 pp.
  • Keller, Morton, and Phyllis Keller. Making Harvard Modern: The Rise of America’s University (2001), major history covers 1933 to 2002 online edition
  • Lewis, Harry R. Excellence Without a Soul: How a Great University Forgot Education (2006) ISBN 1-58648-393-5
  • Morison, Samuel Eliot. Three Centuries of Harvard, 1636–1936 (1986) 512pp; excerpt and text search
  • Powell, Arthur G. The Uncertain Profession: Harvard and the Search for Educational Authority (1980). 341 pp.
  • Reid, Robert. Year One: An Intimate Look inside Harvard Business School (1994). 331 pp.
  • Rosovsky, Henry. The University: An Owner’s Manual (1991). 312 pp.
  • Rosovsky, Nitza. The Jewish Experience at Harvard and Radcliffe (1986). 108 pp.
  • Seligman, Joel. The High Citadel: The Influence of Harvard Law School (1978). 262 pp.
  • Sollors, Werner; Titcomb, Caldwell; and Underwood, Thomas A., eds. Blacks at Harvard: A Documentary History of African-American Experience at Harvard and Radcliffe (1993). 548 pp.
  • Trumpbour, John, ed., How Harvard Rules. Reason in the Service of Empire, Boston: South End Press, 1989, ISBN 0-89608-283-0
  • Ulrich, Laurel Thatcher, ed., Yards and Gates: Gender in Harvard and Radcliffe History, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. 337 pp.
  • Winsor, Mary P. Reading the Shape of Nature: Comparative Zoology at the Agassiz Museum (1991). 324 pp.
  • Wright, Conrad Edick. Revolutionary Generation: Harvard Men and the Consequences of Independence (2005). 298 pp.

External links

  • Official website Edit this at Wikidata
  • Harvard University at College Navigator, a tool from the National Center for Education Statistics

Гарвардский университет — один из самых известных университетов США и  перевод - Гарвардский университет — один из самых известных университетов США и  английский как сказать

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Гарвардский университет — один из с

Гарвардский университет — один из самых известных университетов США и всего мира, находится в городе Кембридж, штат Массачусетс.
Гарвард — старейший из университетов США, был основан 8 сентября 1636 года. Назван в честь английского миссионера и филантропа Джона Гарварда. Хотя он никогда официально не был связан с церковью, в колледже обучалось главным образом унитарное и конгрегационалистское духовенство. В 1643 году английская аристократка Энн Рэдклифф учредила первый фонд для поддержки научных исследований. В течение XVIII века программы Гарварда становились более светскими и к концу XIX века колледж был признан центральным учреждением культуры среди элиты Бостона. После гражданской войны в США, президент Чарльз Эллиот после сорока лет правления преобразовал колледж и зависимые от него школы профессионального образования в централизованный исследовательский университет и Гарвард стал одним из основателей Ассоциации американских университетов в 1900 году.
Дрю Джилпин Фауст была избрана 28-м президентом Гарварда в 2007 году и стала первой женщиной, руководящей университетом. Университет включает в себя 11 отдельных академических подразделений — 10 факультетов и Институт Перспективных Исследований Рэдклиффа — с кампусами по всему Бостону, 85 га основного корпуса университета находится в так называемом Harvard Yard. Бизнес-школы и спортивные объекты, в том числе Гарвардский стадион, расположены на реке Чарльз в Аллстоне, а объекты медицинского и стоматологического факультета находятся в Лонгвуде, большинство общежитий для первокурсников, а также корпуса Сивера и Юниверсити, и мемориальная церковь. Девять из двенадцати жилых «домов» для студентов, начиная со второго курса, расположены к югу от Гарвардского двора и вблизи реки Чарльз. Три других находятся в жилом районе в полумиле к северо-западу от парка в так называемом четырёхугольнике Quad House. Станция метро под названием «Гарвардская площадь» обеспечивает студентов общественным транспортом.

В Гарварде работает около 2100 преподавателей и учится около 6700 студентов и 14500 аспирантов. Гарвардский университет окончили 8 президентов США, 75 лауреатов Нобелевской Премии были связаны с университетом как студенты, преподаватели или сотрудники. Гарвардский университет занимает первое место в стране по числу миллиардеров среди выпускников, а его библиотека — крупнейшая академическая в США и третья по величине в стране.
Символом Гарварда является багровый цвет, такого же цвета гарвардская спортивная команда и университетская газета. Цвет был выбран голосованием и получил 1800 голосов студентов.
Руководством Гарварда занимаются две административные организации: президент университета и стипендиаты и Гарвардский совет наблюдателей. Президент университета — наиболее ответственное лицо, имеющее контроль над всем учебным процессом.

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Harvard University is one of the most famous universities in the United States and around the world, is located in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Harvard University is the oldest university in the United States, was founded September 8, 1636 of the year. It is named in honour of the English missionary and philanthropist John Harvard. Although he was never formally associated with the Church, the College principally enrolled unitary and kongregacionalistskoe clergy. In the year 1643 English Aristocrat Ann Radcliffe first fund established to support research. During the 18th century the Harvard programs became more secular and by the end of the 19th century, the College was recognized as the central institution of culture among Boston’s elite. After the civil war in the United States, President Charles Elliot after forty years of reformed College and its dependencies School of vocational education in centralized research University and Harvard became one of the founders of the Association of American universities in the year 1900. Drew Gilpin Faust was elected 28-President of Harvard in 2007 year and became the first woman to lead the University. The University includes 11 separate academic divisions — 10 faculties and the Radcliffe Institute of advanced studies — with campuses around Boston, 85 hectares of the main body of the University is located in the so-called Harvard Yard. Business schools and sports facilities, including Harvard Stadium, are located on the Charles River in Allstone and medical and stomatological faculty are located in Longwood, most dormitories for freshmen, as well as enclosures and University and Siver Memorial Church. Nine of the twelve residential «houses» for students, starting with the second course, located south of Harvard Yard and near the Charles River. The other three are located in a residential neighborhood half a mile Northwest of the Park in the so-called fertility Quad House. Metro station called «Harvard Square» provides students of public transport. В Гарварде работает около 2100 преподавателей и учится около 6700 студентов и 14500 аспирантов. Гарвардский университет окончили 8 президентов США, 75 лауреатов Нобелевской Премии были связаны с университетом как студенты, преподаватели или сотрудники. Гарвардский университет занимает первое место в стране по числу миллиардеров среди выпускников, а его библиотека — крупнейшая академическая в США и третья по величине в стране. Символом Гарварда является багровый цвет, такого же цвета гарвардская спортивная команда и университетская газета. Цвет был выбран голосованием и получил 1800 голосов студентов. Руководством Гарварда занимаются две административные организации: президент университета и стипендиаты и Гарвардский совет наблюдателей. Президент университета — наиболее ответственное лицо, имеющее контроль над всем учебным процессом.

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Harvard University — one of the most famous universities in the US and around the world, is located in Cambridge, Mass.
Harvard University — the oldest university in the United States, was founded September 8, 1636. Named after the English missionary and philanthropist John Harvard. Although he never officially was connected with the church, the college enrollment primarily Congregational and Unitarian clergy. In 1643, British aristocrat Anne Radcliffe established the first fund to support research. During the XVIII century the Harvard program became more secular and by the end of the XIX century the college was recognized as the central institution of culture among the elite of Boston. After the American Civil War, President Charles Eliot, after forty years of rule has transformed the college and its dependent school of vocational training in a centralized research university, and Harvard became a founding member of the Association of American Universities in 1900.
Drew Gilpin Faust was elected the 28th president of Harvard 2007 and became the first woman leading university. The university comprises 11 separate academic units — 10 faculties and the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study — with campuses throughout the Boston, 85 hectares of the main building of the university is located in the so-called Harvard Yard. Business schools and sports facilities, including Harvard Stadium, are located on the Charles River in Allston and the objects of medical and dental faculty are in Longwood, most dormitories for freshmen, as well as housing and Siver University and Memorial Church. Nine of the twelve residential «homes» for the students, starting from the second year, located south of Harvard yard and near the Charles River. The other three are located in a residential neighborhood half a mile northwest of the park in the so-called quadrilateral Quad House. The metro station called «Harvard Square» provides students with public transport. At Harvard employs about 2,100 faculty and has about 6,700 undergraduate and 14,500 graduate students. Harvard University graduated 8 US presidents, 75 Nobel Prize winners have been associated with the university as students, faculty or staff. Harvard University ranked first in the country in the number of billionaires among graduates, and its library — the largest in the US academic and the third largest in the country. The symbol of the Harvard Crimson is the color, the same color as the Harvard sports teams and university newspaper. The color was chosen by voting in 1800 and received the votes of students. Guide Harvard engaged in two administrative organizations: President and Fellows of the University and the Harvard Board of Supervisors. President of the University — the most responsible person having control over the entire educational process.

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Harvard University is one of the most well-known universities USA and the entire world, located in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Harvard — the oldest of the universities, was founded on 8 September 1636.Named in honor Christ and Andrus Ansip acknowledged John Harvard. Although he never officially was not associated with the church, the College had mainly unitary and конгрегационалистское clergy.In 1643, the English аристократка Ann Radcliffe established the first fund to support scientific research.

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  • 1600s: Our Early Origins


  • 1700s: Harvard and the American Revolution


  • 1800s: A Century of Growth


  • 1900s: A Century of Progress


  • 2000s: Rapid Evolution and Breakthrough Discovery

  • When was Harvard founded?

    On September 8, 1636, Harvard, the first college in the American colonies, was founded.

  • Who founded Harvard?

    Despite popular opinion (and a certain statue) John Harvard did not found Harvard, but he was the first major benefactor and he donated half of his estate and his library of over 400 books to the School.

    Harvard University was officially founded by a vote by the Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

  • Where is Harvard University located?

    While many think of Harvard Yard in Cambridge, Massachusetts as Harvard’s campus, the University also has robust campuses in the Longwood and Allston neighborhoods of Boston, Massachusetts.

  • Is Harvard College the same as Harvard University?

    Harvard College is just one of 14 Harvard Schools. The College is for undergraduate students and the 13 graduate and professional Schools teach the rest of our students.


Harvard and the legacy of slavery

On April 26, 2022, Harvard President Larry Bacow released the Report of the Committee on Harvard & the Legacy of Slavery, accepted the committee’s recommendations in full, and announced a historic commitment of $100 million to fund their implementation.


Explore the report and recommendations

Native American History at Harvard

The education of Native Americans is woven into the long history of Harvard University. The Charter of 1650, which continues to govern Harvard, pledges the University to “the education of English and Indian youth.”

From 1655 to 1698, the “Indian College” stood in Harvard Yard, on the site currently occupied by Matthews Hall.

It was not until 1970 that a program was established to specifically address Native American issues. In early 1970, the American Indian Program (AIP) emerged on campus.


Learn more about this history

Acknowledgement of Land and People

Harvard University is located on the traditional and ancestral land of the Massachusett, the original inhabitants of what is now known as Boston and Cambridge. We pay respect to the people of the Massachusett Tribe, past and present, and honor the land itself which remains sacred to the Massachusett People.


Learn more from the Harvard University Native American Program

Caleb Cheeshahteaumuck

Caleb Cheeshahteaumuck was a member of Harvard’s graduating class of 1665. Caleb Cheeshahteaumuck is from a Wampanoag tribe that lived in Martha’s Vineyard. Caleb gained acceptance to Harvard’s Indian College after passing the schools entrance exam at the age of fifteen. Caleb would go on to become the first Native American to graduate from Harvard’s campus in accordance with Harvard’s charter of 1650.


Learn more about Caleb

Eli Langley

Before graduating to work with Teach for America, Eli Langley became the first tribal member to use their Native language to fulfill the College’s second language requirement.


Read more about Eli

Native American program turns 50

The Harvard University Native American Program celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2021. Learn how it started and the hopes for the future.


Learn more about the program

Harvard’s first tenured professor of Native American history

Philip Deloria joined Harvard’s history department as the School’s first tenured Native American professor. Department chair Daniel Lord Smail lauded the Dakota descendant as “hands-down the leading authority in Native American history.»


Learn more about Philip

Harvard Project on American Indian Economic Development

Founded in 1987, the project is uses applied research and service to understand and foster the conditions under which sustained, self-determined social and economic development is achieved among American Indian nations.


Learn more about the Harvard Project

Native American Heritage Month

We celebrated Native American Heritage Month with an exploration of the past, present, and future of Harvard’s Native American community.


Explore this In Focus

1875

Historical highlight

The first Harvard-Yale football game

Yale hosted the first Harvard-Yale football game in 1875, which Harvard won, to the delight of some 150 student boosters from Cambridge.


Learn more about Harvard in the 1800s

Alice Hamilton

In 1918, Alice Hamilton became the first woman to be appointed to Harvard’s faculty.


Read more about Alice

Grace Hopper

Computing pioneer Grace Hopper was one of the first programmers of the Harvard Mark I computer and wrote what became the world’s first programming manual.


Read more about Grace

Drew Faust

In 2007, Drew Gilpin Faust became the 28th President of Harvard University, the first woman to serve in that role.


Learn more about Drew

Barbara Deming

Starting in 1959, Barbara Deming focused her activism on women’s and lesbian issues. She founded a program, now named for her, that supports feminist projects in arts and education.


Read more about Barbara

Black Women Oral History Project

The project interviewed and recorded 72 Black women who made significant contributions to American society during the first half of the 20th century.


Read more about this project

Star analysts of Harvard

In the late 19th through the mid-20th century, these women classified the stars, determined their brightness, and discovered new stars, nebulae, and novae.


Read more about these women

The first women at Harvard Medical School

On June 4, 1944, the Harvard Corporation voted to accept women in the 1945 medical school freshmen class.


Read their story

1939

Historical highlight

Walter Gropius comes to Harvard

Founder of the Bauhaus art movement, Walter Gropius, became head of architecture at Graduate School of Design in 1939, ensuring that the University would have its first modern building, as well as one of the most comprehensive Bauhaus collections in the world.


Learn more about Harvard in the 1900s

Richard T. Greener

In 1870 he was the first Black student to enter the College and complete the undergraduate curriculum. He was not, however, the first Black student to be admitted, a distinction belonging to Beverly Garnett Williams, in 1847. (He died just before the academic year began and thus never entered the College.)


Learn more about Richard

Alberta Virginia Scott

In 1898 Alberta Virginia Scott became the first African-American graduate of Radcliffe College, seen here in a special dress for a class celebration.


Learn more about Alberta

W.E.B. Du Bois

Along with being a Civil Rights activist, historian, educator, editor, and outspoken public intellectual, W.E.B. Du Bois, the first African-American to earn a Ph.D. from Harvard, is also a founding father of American sociology.


Learn more about W.E.B. Du Bois

Eileen Jackson Southern

The portrait of Eileen Jackson Southern was an authority on Renaissance and African American music and the first Black female professor to be given tenure at Harvard.


Learn more about Eileen

Clement G. Morgan

Thirty-one-year-old Clement G. Morgan made national headlines as the first African American chosen to deliver a Harvard senior class oration.


Learn more about Clement

Deborah Washington Brown

Deborah Washington Brown, the first Black woman to earn an applied math Ph.D. at Harvard pushed the fields of artificial intelligence and speech recognition technology to innovative places.


Learn more about Deborah

Robert Tanner Freeman

Only four years after the Civil War ended, Robert Tanner Freeman, the son of enslaved parents, graduated in Harvard School of Dental Medicine’s first class. He was also the very first African American to earn a dental degree in the United States.


Learn more about Robert

Carter G. Woodson

After receiving his Ph.D. from Harvard in 1912, Carter Woodson became known as the “father of Black history,” launching Negro History Week, which later expanded into Black History Month.


Learn more about Carter

Harvard University Facts

Harvard University is an Ivy League university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, most famous for being one of the most prestigious schools in the United States, as well as its oldest higher learning institution. Harvard was established in 1636 by the Massachusetts legislature, named after its first benefactor John Harvard. The university, which is a research institution, has 11 academic units, ten faculties, and its main campus encompasses 209 acres, three miles west of Boston. Harvard University has been the higher learning institution of eight U.S. Declaration of Independence signors, 130 Nobel laureates, multiple Rhodes Scholars, and many billionaires.

Interesting Harvard University Facts:

Harvard University was originally called ‘the college at New Towne’, or ‘New College’.

The first printing press in British North America opened in the college in 1638.

The Statue of Three Lies, located in Harvard Yard is the third most popular and photographed statue in the United States. It contains three incorrect facts. It states that John Harvard was the founder but he was the first benefactor. It states that it was founded in 1638 but it was founded in 1636. The statue is not of John Harvard but a random student model used by the sculptor.

Harvard’s motto is ‘Veritas’ which is Latin for ‘Truth’.

Eight of the signors of the Declaration of Independence attended Harvard, including John Hancock, Robert Tree Paine, Elbridge Gerry, William Hooper, William Williams, John Adams, Samuel Adams, and William Ellery.

Eight Harvard alumni went on to become United States Presidents including Barack Obama, Rutherford Hayes, George W. Bush, John F. Kennedy, Franklin Roosevelt, Theodore Roosevelt, John Quincy Adams, and John Adams.

The cost to attend Harvard University is very high but there are many financial aid opportunities for students who wish to attend.

Harvard has 42 intercollegiate sports and is in heavy rivalry with Yale University.

Harvard University’s Widener Library is the second largest library in the U.S., with six floors above ground and four floors below.

There are dents on some of the sidewalks at Harvard University’s campus that are believed to be from cannonballs. They were thrown from the windows of dorm rooms during the Revolution.

Filming on Harvard’s campus has been banned for commercial purposes since 1970.

The average salary for a Harvard student after graduation is approximately $60,000.

The faculty of Harvard includes roughly 2,400 members.

Students at Harvard include approximately 6,700, plus 14,500 professional and graduate students.

The alumni of Harvard (living) equal approximately 271,000 in the United States, plus roughly 52,000 located in over 200 countries worldwide.

In total Harvard has real estate totaling over 5,000 acres of land.

The largest academic library in the world is Harvard Library.

In 2011, Harvard celebrated its 375th anniversary.

Of the applicants to Harvard University each year, the school accepts roughly 7.2% of applicants. Of all the students to have attended throughout history only 2% flunked out.

85% of the students that attend Harvard are from out of state.

Harvard University has the largest endowment of any university in the world. In 2011 I was worth $32 billion.

:)

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HARVARD
UNIVERSITY

Harvard
University is the oldest institution of higher learning in the
United States, founded 16 years after the arrival of the Pilgrims at
Plymouth. Harvard College was established in 1636 by vote of the
Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony and was
named for its first benefactor, John Harvard of Charlestown, a young
minister who, upon his death in 1638, left his library and half his
estate to the new institution.

During
its early years, the College offered a classic academic courses
based on the English university model, but consistent with the
prevailing Puritan philosophy of the first colonists. Although many
of its early graduates became ministers in Puritan congregations
throughout New England, the College was never formal­ly
affiliated with a specific religious denomination. An early
brochure, published in 1643, justified the College’s existence: «To
advance Learning and perpetuate ii to
Posterity:
dreading to leave an illiterate Ministry to the Churches».

The
1708 election of John Leverett, the first president who was not also
a clergyman, marked a turning of the College toward intellectual
independence from Puritanism.

In
the 17th century, Harvard University established the Indian College
to edu­cate Native Americans, but it was not a success and
disappeared by 1693.

Between
1830 and 1870 Harvard became «privatized». While the
Federalist* controlled state government, Harvard had prospered, but
the 1824 defeat of the federalist party in Massachusetts allowed the
renascent Democratic-Republicans to block state funding of private
universities. By 1870, the politicians and minis­ters that,
heretofore, had made up the university’s board of overseers had boon
replaced by Harvard alumni drawn from Boston’s upper-class business
and professional
community and funded by private endowment.

During
the twentieth century, Harvard’s international reputation grew as a
bur­geoning endowment and prominent professors expanded the
university’s scope. Explosive growth in the student population
continued with the addition of new graduate schools and the
expansion of the undergraduate program. Radcliffe College,
established in 1879 as sister school of Harvard College, became one
of the most prominent school for women in the United States.

In
the decades immediately after the Second World War, Harvard reformed
its admissions policies as it sought from a more diverse applicant
pool. Whereas Harvard «feeder schools» such as Exeter and
Andover, increasing numbers of international, minority, and
working-class students had, by the late 1960s, altered the ethnic
and socio-economic makeup of the college. Nonetheless, Harvard’s
undergraduate population remained predominantly male, with about
four men attending Harvard and Radcliffe admissions in 1977, the
proportion of female un­dergraduates steadily increased,
mirroring a trend throughout higher education in the United States.
Harvard’s graduate schools, which had accepted females and other
groups in greater numbers even before the college, also became more
diverse in the post-war period.

Today,
Harvard is considered to be one of a handful of the world’s premier
centers of higher learning.

Гарвардский университет

Гарвардский
университет — самое старое учреждение
высшего образования в Соединенных
Штатах, основанных спустя 16 лет после
прибытия Паломников в Плимуте. Гарвардский
колледж был установлен в 1636 голосованием
Великого и законодательного собрания
Колонии Залива Массачусетс и был назван
по имени ее первого благотворителя,
Джона Харварда Чарлстауна, молодого
министра, который, на его смерть в 1638,
покинул его библиотеку и половину его
состояния к новому учреждению.

В течение его
первых лет Колледж предложил классическому
академику курсы, основанные на английской
университетской модели, но последовательный
с преобладающей пуританской философией
первых колонистов. Хотя многие из его
ранних выпускников стали министрами
в пуританских конгрегациях всюду по
Новой Англии, Колледж никогда не был
формально аффилирован с определенным
религиозным наименованием. Ранняя
брошюра, изданная в 1643, оправдала
существование Колледжа: «Чтобы
продвинуть Изучение и увековечить ii к
Потомству: боязнь покинуть неграмотное
Министерство церквям».

Выборы 1708 года
Джона Леверетта, первого президента,
который не был также священнослужителем,
отметили превращение Колледжа к
интеллектуальной независимости от
Пуританизма.

В 17-ом столетии
Гарвардский университет установил
индийский Колледж, чтобы обучить
коренных американцев, но это не было
успехом и исчезло к 1693.

Между 1830 и 1870
Гарвард стал «приватизированным».
В то время как Federalist* управлял региональным
правительством, Гарвард процветал, но
поражение 1824 года федералистской партии
в Массачусетсе позволило возрождающимся
демократическим республиканцам
блокировать фондирование частных
университетов. К 1870 политическим
деятелям и министрам, которые, прежде,
составили совет университета надзирателей,
заменяли благо выпускники Гарварда,
привлеченные из бизнеса высшего сословия
Бостона и профессионального сообщества
и финансируемый частным снабжением.

В течение двадцатого
века международная репутация Гарварда
выросла как расцветающее снабжение, и
видные преподаватели расширили область
университета. Взрывной рост в учащемся
населении продолжался с добавлением
новых аспирантур и расширением
студенческой программы. Колледж
Рэдклиффа, установленный в 1879 как
дочерняя школа Гарвардского колледжа,
стал одной из самой видной школы для
женщин в Соединенных Штатах.

В десятилетия
немедленно после Второй мировой войны,
Гарвард преобразовал свою политику
входных плат, поскольку это искало от
более разнообразного пула кандидатов.
Принимая во внимание, что Гарвард «школы
едока», такие как Эксетер и Эндовер,
увеличивая числа международных,
меньшинства, и студентов рабочего
класса, к концу 1960-ых, изменил этнический
и социально-экономический состав
колледжа. Тем не менее, студенческое
население Гарварда оставалось
преобладающе мужчиной, приблизительно
с четырьмя посещениями мужчин Гарвард
и входные платы Рэдклиффа в 1977, пропорция
студентов женского пола, устойчиво
увеличенных, отражая тенденцию всюду
по высшему образованию в Соединенных
Штатах. Аспирантуры Гарварда, которые
приняли женщин и другие группы в больших
числах даже перед колледжем, также
стали более разнообразными в послевоенный
период.

Сегодня, Гарвард,
как полагают, является одной из горстки
главные центры в мире высшего образования.

Harvard
today has nine faculties, namely: the Faculty of Arts and Sciences
and its sub-faculty, the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences,
the Harvard Division of Continuing Education, including Harvard
Extension School and Har­vard Summer School, the Faculty of

Medicine,
including the Medical School and the Harvard School of Dental
Medicine, Harvard Law School and Harvard Busi­ness School.
Harvard has several athletic facilities.

The
Harvard University Library System, centered in Widener Library in
Har­vard Yard and comprising over 80 individual libraries and
over 15 million volumes, is considered the fourth largest library
collection in the world, after the Library of Congress, the British
Library, and the French Bibliotheque Nationale. Harvard describes
its library as the «largest academic library in the world»
and prides itself for being the only one of the world’s five
«mega-libraries» to have open stacks.

The
US News and World Report’s «America’s Best Colleges 2008»
ranked Harvard as the most selective undergraduate college in the
United States, and second in rank of the best national universities.

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The Great and General Court of Massachusetts Bay Colony created Harvard in 1636, making it the country’s oldest educational institution. This institution is a member of the Ivy League and is located in the Cambridge area of Boston, Massachusetts. The library, which began with 400 volumes, now has more than 15 million books. Harvard University has 2400 academics, 6700 undergraduate students, and 12400 graduate students. Students from MIT and this institution can transfer between each other at any time without incurring any additional fees.It is preferred by students with the highest SAT scores worldwide and the most extracurricular activities each year.

Harvard University Campuses

It is located 5 km from the center of Boston. Located on the banks of the Charles River, this 209-acre campus includes Harvard Yard, one of Harvard’s oldest units. Harvard Yard is a 22.4-acre grassland surrounded by twenty-seven gates and fences. The oldest part of the Harvard University campus is its historic center and modern junction. A 358-acre site in Allston, across the Charles River from the Cambridge campus, houses several of the university’s sporting facilities, including Allston Harvard Business School and Harvard Stadium. These two campuses are connected by the John W. Weeks Bridge, a pedestrian bridge that spans the Charles River. The 21-acre Longwood Medical and Academic District site, which houses the Longwood Harvard Medical School, the Harvard School of Dentistry, and the Harvard College of Public Health, is located southwest of the Cambridge campus and downtown Boston.

Facilities and Services

— Libraries

— Sports Facilities

— Swimming Pools

— Memorial Hall

— Memorial Church

— Harvard Stadium

— Massachusetts Convention House

— Harvard Yard

— Mahindra Humanities Center

— Carpenter Center for the Visual Arts

— Museums

— Conference Rooms

Accommodation Options

Most of the students prefer to stay in the dormitories within the campuses. Apart from that, you can choose to live there by renting a house off campus.

How to Apply and Price

— Passport

— Transcript

— Diploma

— Reference letters

— SAT or ACT Score

— IELTS or TOEFL score

— Letter of Intent

— Guidance Teacher’s Recommendation Letter

— Remember that in this university, you need to be very active in social life as much as you are successful in your education life. With an acceptance rate of 5%, this school is highly selective.

Annual tuition fees, including accommodation, are around 65 thousand dollars.

Scholarships

At Harvard University, 55 percent of full-time undergraduates receive need-based financial aid, and the average need-based scholarship or grant award is $50,562. The university has a substantial financial aid program. You should also keep in mind that there are loans and different scholarship options outside of school. It will be useful for you to research them in detail and decide accordingly.

Student Life

Students are surrounded by people who are committed to making Harvard their home until their first year from the time they enter Harvard Yard. In their classrooms, dining halls, school areas, and student activities, they establish strong connections. Extracurricular activities will be an important component of your Harvard University experience, providing you with unique possibilities for fellowship and learning. Student groups in music, visual arts, and a variety of other disciplines will be able to provide you with relevant activities.

Harvard’s Sources of Pride

— United States President John Adams

— 6th President of the United States of America John Quincy Adams

— Rutherford B. Hayes, 19th President of the United States

— Theodore Roosevelt, President of the United States and Nobel Peace Prize Winner

— President of the United States Franklin D. Roosevelt

— Helen Keller, American author, political activist, and lecturer

— United States President John F Kennedy

— Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, President of Liberia and Nobel Peace Prize Winner

— Benazir Bhutto, 11th Prime Minister of Pakistan

— The 43rd President of the USA, George W. Bush

— Bill Gates, founder of Microsoft

— United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-moon

— Elena Kagan, Associate Member of the United States Supreme Court

— Michelle Obama, Wife of the 46th President of the United States

— US President of the United States and Nobel Peace Prize winner Barack Obama

— Facebook Co-Founder Mark Zuckerberg

Career Support

While you are a student, thanks to the career centers, you will find the right way to plan your future in the best way and realize what you want. Thanks to the career support that will be given to you, you will decide exactly what you want and take steps in that direction. Moreover, career support is a process that continues after graduation. This institution will support you in the process of finding a job after graduation.

portrait of BestCollegeReviews.org Staff

Updated October 12, 2022
· 2 Min Read

During the colonial era, Harvard utilized a curriculum that focused on rote learning by repeated drilling.

Harvard University possesses the title of America’s oldest learning institution, founded in 1636. At its inception, this university’s name was «New College,» and its purpose was mainly to educate clergy. In 1639, the school’s name became Harvard University, so named for the Rev. John Harvard. Harvard bequeathed half of his estate and his entire library to the school upon his death. This significant bequest led the school to honor him by taking his name.

During the colonial era, Harvard utilized a curriculum that focused on rote learning by repeated drilling. This style of learning conformed to the typical teaching styles of this period. The university kept a small faculty, but the professors had illustrious reputations as some of the most learned men of this era. In 1782, Harvard added medical studies to the school’s programs. Some buildings still standing on the university grounds originated in the 18th century. Massachusetts Hall was built in 1720, and Wadsworth House was built in 1726. The original buildings from the 17th century did not survive; however, the school marks their locations with brass markers.

Harvard University added additional programs during the 19th century, namely law in 1816 and divinity in 1817. Harvard celebrated its bicentennial birthday during the 19th century. On the school’s 200th birthday, then-President Josiah Quincy publicly displayed the school’s new shield with the motto «Veritas» for the first time. The school adopted this shield officially in 1843. Quincy was Harvard’s 15th president, and he kept this office between the years of 1829 and 1845. The school’s teaching methods evolved during this era also. Harvard began offering more classes and a greater variety, allowing students more freedom to choose their classes. Lectures replaced the recitation teaching style as well.

In 1910, Harvard officially adopted crimson as the school color. This color choice originated in the mid-1800s when two students on the rowing team provided crimson scarves to everyone on the team to enable the crowd to pick them out more easily. The idea of school colors was in its infancy then, and the school did not officially vote on this designation until more than a half-century later.

Harvard presidents during the 20th century sought to center its focus on applied learning. President A. Lawrence Lowell worked tirelessly on a new system of «concentration and distribution.» This system was designed to help students choose their fields of study more efficiently to enable them to learn and progress more effectively in their courses of study. Lowell also prioritized scholarships and honor programs. During the 20th century, Harvard University also offered more financial aid opportunities to students, increasing the diversity of the student population.

The 21st century has seen additional changes and adjustments for Harvard University. Harvard is prioritizing study abroad programs, offering a variety of opportunities for students to learn in foreign countries. The school has also instituted a revised program of general education that seeks to connect classroom curricula with real-world situations that students will encounter after graduation. During the 21st century, Harvard University has continued its outreach to excelling students of varying financial means to ensure that the school remains diverse. Currently, Harvard University enrolls 17,000 students in regular enrollment and another 30,000 students in non-degree courses.

Here are some helpful links with more information:

  • History of Harvard University: The university itself presents comprehensive information about its prestigious history.
  • History of Women at Harvard: The history of female enrollment at Harvard traces back to the founding of Radcliffe College.
  • Harvard Athletic Firsts: Harvard has enjoyed an active sports history, and it claims many athletic firsts in its historical records.
  • The Colorful History of Crimson at Harvard: The use of crimson, the signature color of Harvard University, sports an engaging history.
  • Samuel Eliot Morison on the Harvard Houses: Learn about Harvard’s residential housing system in this article.
  • Harvard Fun Facts: View a picture of Harvard University and read basic facts about Harvard on this website.
  • Concentration and Distribution: Read an excerpt from The Crimson, originally published in 1919, that outlines the new system of concentration and distribution.
  • Carter G. Woodson Biography: This Web page provides information about Carter G. Woodson, one of the first black doctoral graduates of Harvard University.
  • The Harvard Regiment at Gettysburg: Learn about the Harvard graduates that made up the 20th Volunteer Infantry Regiment and their contributions to the Civil War.
  • The 20th Massachusetts Bibliography: Read letters and other historical information about the Harvard Regiment and their actions during the Civil War.

    • Предмет:

      Английский язык

    • Автор:

      nikolaichristensen795

    • Создано:

      3 года назад

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