Гуси лебеди кто автор этой сказки

The Magic Swan Geese or Гуси-лебеди is a Russian fairy tale collected by Alexander Afanasyev in Narodnye russkie skazki,^[1] numbered 113.

It is classified in the Aarne-Thompson-Uther Index as tale type ATU 480A*.^[2]

Synopsis[edit]

Once there was a couple who had both a daughter and a son. They left their daughter in charge of her younger brother, but one day she lost track of him and the magic swan geese snatched him away. The daughter chased after him and came upon an oven that offered to tell her if she ate its rye buns; she scorned them, saying she didn’t even eat wheat buns. She also scorned similar offers from an apple tree, and a river of milk. She came across a little hut built on a hen’s foot, in which she found Baba Yaga with her brother; Baba Yaga sent her to spin flax and left. A mouse scurried out and said it would tell her what she needed to know if she gave it porridge; she did, and it told her that Baba Yaga was heating the bath house to steam her, then she would cook her. The mouse took over her spinning, and the girl took her brother and fled.

Baba Yaga sent the swan geese after her. She begged the river for aid, and it insisted she drink some of it first; she did, and it sheltered her. When she ran on, the swan geese followed again, and the same happened with the apple tree and the oven. Then she reached home safely.

Translations[edit]

A more literal translation of the tale’s title is The Swan-Geese.^[3]

Another translation of the tale, by Bernard Isaacs, was Little Girl and Swan-Geese.^[4]

Analysis[edit]

Tale type[edit]

The tale is classified in the Aarne-Thompson-Uther Index as type ATU 480A*, «Three Sisters Set Out to Save Their Little Brother».^[5]

German scholar Hans-Jörg Uther, in his 2004 revision of the ATU index, reported variants from Latvia, Lithuania, Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, and among the Mari/Cheremis and Wotian/Syrjanien peoples.^[6] Jack Haney stated that type 480A* seemed to appear «very rarely» outside the area of the East Slavic languages.^[7]

Variants[edit]

Russia[edit]

The oldest attestation of the tale type in Russia seems to be a late-18th century publication, with the tale «Сказка о Сизом Орле и мальчике» («The Fairy Tale about the Blue Eagle and the Boy»).^[8][9]

Lithuania[edit]

Lithuanian folklorist Jonas Balys (lt), in his analysis of Lithuanian folktales (published in 1936), previously classified the Lithuanian variants as *314C (a type not indexed at the international classification, at the time), Trys seserys gelbsti raganos pavogtą broliuką.^[10]

According to Stith Thompson’s reworked folktale classification (published in 1961), tale type AaTh 480A* registered 30 variants in Lithuania.^[11]

Latvian[edit]

A similar story is found in Latvia, also classified as type AaTh 480A*, Bārenīte pie raganas («The Orphan in the Witch’s House»): the heroine’s little brother is taken by the witch to her lair. The heroine’s sisters try to get him back, and fail. The heroine herself is kind to objects on her way to the witch, rescues her little brother and the objects protect her when the witch goes after her.^[12]

Estonia[edit]

The tale type ATU 480A* is also reported in Estonia, with the title Kured viivad venna ära («The Cranes Take the Brother Away»).^[13] In the Estonian variants, the heroine’s little brother is taken away by cranes or geese.^[14]

Adaptations[edit]

1949, «Soyuzmultfilm»: a 20-minute animated film «Гуси-лебеди» by the directors Ivan Ivanov-Vano and Aleksandra Snezhko-Blotskaya. It was repeatedly published on VHS and DVD in collections of the Soviet animated films.^[15]

See also[edit]

• Labyrinth
• Prunella
• The Enchanted Canary
• The King of Love
• The Little Girl Sold with the Pears
• The Old Witch
• The Witch
• Hansel and Gretel
• Diamonds and Toads
• Frau Holle

References[edit]

The Magic Swan Geese or Гуси-лебеди is a Russian fairy tale collected by Alexander Afanasyev in Narodnye russkie skazki,^[1] numbered 113.

It is classified in the Aarne-Thompson-Uther Index as tale type ATU 480A*.^[2]

Synopsis[edit]

Once there was a couple who had both a daughter and a son. They left their daughter in charge of her younger brother, but one day she lost track of him and the magic swan geese snatched him away. The daughter chased after him and came upon an oven that offered to tell her if she ate its rye buns; she scorned them, saying she didn’t even eat wheat buns. She also scorned similar offers from an apple tree, and a river of milk. She came across a little hut built on a hen’s foot, in which she found Baba Yaga with her brother; Baba Yaga sent her to spin flax and left. A mouse scurried out and said it would tell her what she needed to know if she gave it porridge; she did, and it told her that Baba Yaga was heating the bath house to steam her, then she would cook her. The mouse took over her spinning, and the girl took her brother and fled.

Baba Yaga sent the swan geese after her. She begged the river for aid, and it insisted she drink some of it first; she did, and it sheltered her. When she ran on, the swan geese followed again, and the same happened with the apple tree and the oven. Then she reached home safely.

Translations[edit]

A more literal translation of the tale’s title is The Swan-Geese.^[3]

Another translation of the tale, by Bernard Isaacs, was Little Girl and Swan-Geese.^[4]

Analysis[edit]

Tale type[edit]

The tale is classified in the Aarne-Thompson-Uther Index as type ATU 480A*, «Three Sisters Set Out to Save Their Little Brother».^[5]

German scholar Hans-Jörg Uther, in his 2004 revision of the ATU index, reported variants from Latvia, Lithuania, Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, and among the Mari/Cheremis and Wotian/Syrjanien peoples.^[6] Jack Haney stated that type 480A* seemed to appear «very rarely» outside the area of the East Slavic languages.^[7]

Variants[edit]

Russia[edit]

The oldest attestation of the tale type in Russia seems to be a late-18th century publication, with the tale «Сказка о Сизом Орле и мальчике» («The Fairy Tale about the Blue Eagle and the Boy»).^[8][9]

Lithuania[edit]

Lithuanian folklorist Jonas Balys (lt), in his analysis of Lithuanian folktales (published in 1936), previously classified the Lithuanian variants as *314C (a type not indexed at the international classification, at the time), Trys seserys gelbsti raganos pavogtą broliuką.^[10]

According to Stith Thompson’s reworked folktale classification (published in 1961), tale type AaTh 480A* registered 30 variants in Lithuania.^[11]

Latvian[edit]

A similar story is found in Latvia, also classified as type AaTh 480A*, Bārenīte pie raganas («The Orphan in the Witch’s House»): the heroine’s little brother is taken by the witch to her lair. The heroine’s sisters try to get him back, and fail. The heroine herself is kind to objects on her way to the witch, rescues her little brother and the objects protect her when the witch goes after her.^[12]

Estonia[edit]

The tale type ATU 480A* is also reported in Estonia, with the title Kured viivad venna ära («The Cranes Take the Brother Away»).^[13] In the Estonian variants, the heroine’s little brother is taken away by cranes or geese.^[14]

Adaptations[edit]

1949, «Soyuzmultfilm»: a 20-minute animated film «Гуси-лебеди» by the directors Ivan Ivanov-Vano and Aleksandra Snezhko-Blotskaya. It was repeatedly published on VHS and DVD in collections of the Soviet animated films.^[15]

See also[edit]

• Labyrinth
• Prunella
• The Enchanted Canary
• The King of Love
• The Little Girl Sold with the Pears
• The Old Witch
• The Witch
• Hansel and Gretel
• Diamonds and Toads
• Frau Holle

References[edit]

Гу́си-ле́беди — русская народная сказка.

Сюжет

Муж и жена уехали на ярмарку и оставили маленького сына дома. Старшая сестра, которой поручили следить за братом («не ходи со двора, будь умницей — мы купим тебе платочек»), загулялась-заигралась и оставила его одного. Малыша унесли гуси-лебеди.

Девочка пустилась за ними в погоню и в конце концов нашла братца в избушке Бабы Яги.

Персонажи

• Братец — в некоторых версиях носит имя Ивашечка, но обычно безымянный.
• Сестрица — храбрая девочка, не боится Бабы Яги и её гусей.
• Печка, речка и яблонька — чудесные помощники, указывают дорогу, помогают спрятаться от гусей-лебедей.
• Мышка — есть только в обработке А. Н. Толстого (помогает девочке убежать от Яги)
• Баба Яга
• Гуси-Лебеди — помощники бабы Яги

Сюжетные отличия в разных версиях

У Александра Афанасьева сестрица не нашла бы брата, если бы ей не помог мудрый ёжик. В обработке Алексея Толстого она находит его сама. У Афанасьева она просто прокрадывается к избушке и уносит братца. В обработке А. Н. Толстого она заходит в избушку, беседует с Бабой Ягой и т. п., и только улучив момент, когда та не видит — убегает с мальчиком.

По этой версии, Баба-Яга хотела извести (съесть) сестру, а не брата (в народном варианте Яга просто похищает детей без особой цели: нигде не говорится, зачем; и после этого держит в плену).

Мораль сказки

Обычное толкование — сказка учит детей слушаться взрослых, но не капризничать (когда девочка помогает печке, речке и яблоньке, они тоже помогают ей). Поэтичность этого поучения в том, что за детей вступаются силы природы.

Другая трактовка (мифологическая) видит в сказке отображение обряда инициации, которую в древнем мифе проходил похищенный брат (сестра — жрица, проводящая этот обряд), а сами гуси-лебеди — психофоры (то есть, переносят души в загробный мир).

Примечания

Героиню сказки (сестрицу) часто называют Алёнушкой, но это неправильно (в мультфильме её зовут Маша).

На многих иллюстрациях она изображается взрослой, но это противоречит её характеру как героини сказки (там чётко говорится о ней как о непослушном ребёнке).

Это одно из самых известных, популярных и часто издаваемых произведений русского фольклора.

Такое название носит восьмой студийный альбом группы «Вежливый отказ», вышедший в 2010 году.

В советском мультфильме «Ивашка из дворца пионеров» гуси Бабы Яги похищают мальчика по имени Ваня. Ивашка должен был стать закуской на праздничном столе Яги, однако с помощью смекалки и имеющихся при себе инструментов, выбрался из плена, победил кота-Баюна, Кощея бессмертного и Змея Горыныча.

Литература

• Г. Н. Губанова. Золотая книга сказок. — Тула: Родничок, 2001. — 241 с. — ISBN ISBN 5-89624-013-9
• Гуси-лебеди. — Донецк: Проф-пресс, 1999. — ISBN 5-88475-298-X

Ссылки

• Текст русской народной сказки «Гуси-лебеди»
• Тексты сказок «Гуси-лебеди» по версии А. Н. Толстого и А. Н. Афанасьева
• Аудиоверсия сказки гуси лебеди
• Пьеса в стихах «Гуси-лебеди»