Исаакиевский собор на английском языке рассказ с переводом

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Saint Isaac’s Cathedral is a cathedral in Saint Petersburg that was designed by Auguste de Montferrand. It is one of the finest architectural monuments of the 19th century. Today Saint Isaac’s Cathedral is one of the most popular museums in Saint Petersburg.

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	It was completed in 1858 after four decades of construction. It was originally built as a cathedral but was turned into a museum in 1931 and has remained a museum ever since.
	The exterior is faced with light gray stone, and has a total of 112 granite columns. The cathedral’s height is 101.5 metres. Its dome is gilded. The interior is adorned with incredibly detailed mosaic icons, paintings and columns made of malachite and lapis lazuli.
	The visitors are invited to climb onto the colonnade of the cathedral and enjoy the breathtaking view of the centre of Saint Petersburg from a height of 43 metres. One hundred and sixty years later the gilded dome of Saint Isaac’s Cathedral still dominates the skyline of Saint Petersburg.

• Краткий текст про Санкт-Петербург »

• Tourist attractions in Saint Petersburg – Достопримечательности Санкт-Петербурга »

• Официальный сайт Исаакиевского собора

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Перевод на русский язык

	Исаакиевский собор – это собор в Санкт-Петербурге, спроектированный Огюстом Монферраном. Это один из лучших архитектурных памятников XIX века. Сегодня Исаакиевский собор – один из самых популярных музеев Санкт-Петербурга.
	Его построили в 1858 году после сорока лет строительства. Первоначально он был построен как собор, но в 1931 году был преобразован в музей и с тех пор остается музеем.

	Внешняя сторона облицована светло-серым камнем и насчитывает 112 гранитных колонн. Высота собора – 101,5 метра. Его купол позолочен. Интерьер украшают невероятно детализированные мозаичные иконы, картины и колонны из малахита и афганского лазурита.
	Посетителям предлагается подняться на колоннаду собора и насладиться захватывающим видом на центр Санкт-Петербурга с 43-метровой высоты. Спустя сто шестьдесят лет позолоченный купол Исаакиевского собора по-прежнему доминирует на городском пейзаже Санкт-Петербурга.

• Peterhof – Петергоф »

• The State Hermitage Museum – Государственный Эрмитаж »

Portfolio: In groups draw or paint a picture of a famous building in your own country. Think about: floors, colour, material, rooms, inside/outside, special features. Use the internet to find the information. Present it to the class.

Обновлено: 09.01.2023

Среди рекомендованных музеев и памятников есть Эрмитаж, Зимний дворец, Исаакиевский собор и Екатерининский дворец.

Among the recommended museums and monuments are Hermitage, Winter Palace, St. Isaac’s Cathedral and Catherine Palace.

Исаакиевский собор не был единственным музейным объектом, на который претендовала РПЦ. Претензии касались нескольких объектов Владимиро-Суздальского музея-заповедника.

В городе, исторический центр которого охраняется ЮНЕСКО, находятся известные на весь мир музеи, театры, галереи, памятники архитектуры, культурные и образовательные учреждения: Эрмитаж, Исаакиевский собор, Российская национальная библиотека, Русский музей — лишь некоторые из них.

The city boasts world-famous museums, theatres, galleries, architectural monuments, cultural and educational institutions: the Hermitage, St. Isaac’s Cathedral, Russian National Library, and the Russian Museum are just four of them.

Во время экскурсии, после осмотра основных достопримечательностей центральной, исторической части города, Вы посетите Исаакиевский собор — третий по величине купольный собор в мире, детище французского архитектора Монферрана, на строительство которого понадобилось 40 лет.

The cathedral is adorned with decorative sculptures. Some 20 varieties of decorative stone, including porphyry, malachite, lapis lazuli and marble, were used, transforming the cathedral into a museum of coloured stone.

Demands from Petersburg Metropolitanate that St Isaac’s Cathedral (Isaakievskii sobor) be returned to it evoked a public outcry.

St Isaac’s Cathedral

Designed by the architect Auguste Montferrand, St Isaac’s Cathedral is an outstanding monument of mid-19th century late Russian Neo-Classicism. Noteworthy is the Cathedral’s interior decoration, representing all forms of monumental and decorative arts – painting, sculpture, mosaic and colored stonework. Its main iconostasis is adorned with columns of malachite and lapis lazuli, while the main altar features the stained glass Christ Risen, a feature rarely seen in an Orthodox church.

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In 1816 Alexander I charged the young French architect Auguste Ricard Montferrand with designing the Cathedral.

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The cathedral was being built for 40 years. Looking at it one can understand how much afford was made in order to carry out the architect’s plans. The Cathedral was being built on a swampy soil. Nearly 11 thousand piles and 120 granite columns were used to build it. The heaviest columns’ weigh was 144 tons. It took workers only 45 minutes to set the columns in their places.

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In plan the Cathedral is an equilateral Greek cross with four porticos. It is faced with grey Karelia marble. There are a lot of big arch windows. On the top of the Cathedral there is a great golden dome. The Cathedral is 101 m high.

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The diameter of outer dome is 25 m. 100 kg of pure gold was used for building the main dome.

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On the porticos there are statues of 12 apostles. In the left side Peter the apostle hands the keys to the gate of Eden.

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In the right side Paul the apostle hands a sword which is the symbol of his earnest service to Christ.

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On the northern relief you can see resurrection of Christ and in the centre there is Christ risen from the dead. Beautifully made sculptures wonder.

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The Cathedral is wonderful in any season.

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Fill in the missing words: 1. In________ Alexander I charged the young architect with designing the cathedral. 2. It was being built for _____years. 3. It took workers ____minutes to set the column in its place. 4. The total height of the cathedral is _______meters. 5. ______kg of pure red gold was used for building the main dome. 6. On the porticos there are _____apostles. 7. Peter the apostle hands _________________________ 8. Paul the apostle hands _________________ 9. ________________________supervised the building of the cathedral and was its architect

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Описание презентации по отдельным слайдам:

ARCHITECTURAL MONUMENTS OF SAINT PETERSBURG. ST. ISAAC’S CATHEDRAL
Author: S.M. Tkhagusheva
Gymnasium 76, Sochi, Russia

St. Petersburg is one of the most beautiful cities in the world. It was founded in 1703
гимназия №76, г. Сочи, Тхагушева С.М.

The beauty of the city amazes and takes the breath away. There are a lot of architectural monuments. St. Petersburg can be called Palace City indeed.

One of the most amazing constructions in
St. Petersburg is St. Isaac’s Cathedral.

In 1816 Alexander I charged the young French architect Auguste Ricard Montferrand with designing the Cathedral.

гимназия №76, г. Сочи, Тхагушева С.М.

The cathedral was being built for 40 years.
Looking at it one can understand how much afford was made in order to carry out the architect’s plans.
The Cathedral was being built on a swampy soil. Nearly 11 thousand piles and 120 granite columns were used to build it. The heaviest columns’ weigh was 144 tons. It took workers only 45 minutes to set the columns in their places.

In plan the Cathedral is an equilateral Greek cross with four porticos. It is faced with grey Karelia marble. There are a lot of big arch windows. On the top of the Cathedral there is a great golden dome. The Cathedral is 101 m high.

гимназия №76, г. Сочи, Тхагушева С.М.

The diameter of outer dome is 25 m.
100 kg of pure gold was used for building the main dome.

On the porticos there are statues of 12 apostles. In the left side Peter the apostle hands the keys to the gate of Eden.

In the right side Paul the apostle hands a sword which is the symbol of his earnest service to Christ.

On the northern relief you can see resurrection of Christ and in the centre there is Christ risen from the dead. Beautifully made sculptures wonder.

The Cathedral is wonderful in any season.

Fill in the missing words:

1. In________ Alexander I charged the young architect with designing the cathedral.
2. It was being built for _____years.
3. It took workers ____minutes to set the column in its place.
4. The total height of the cathedral is _______meters.
5. ______kg of pure red gold was used for building the main dome.
6. On the porticos there are _____apostles.
7. Peter the apostle hands _________________________
8. Paul the apostle hands _________________
9. ________________________supervised the building of the cathedral and was its architect

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Другие языки

Saint Isaac’s Cathedral Исаа́киевский Cобо́р Isaakievskiy Sobor
Religion
Affiliation	State Russian Museum Russian Orthodox
Status	Museum, with church services in side chapel [1]
Location
Location	Saint Isaac’s Square 4, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Architecture
Architect(s)	Auguste de Montferrand
Style	Late Neoclassical, Byzantine and Greek (cross church)
Completed	1858
Specifications
Capacity	12,000[2][3] 260,000 m3 (volume)[4]
Length	104.5 m (interior)[4] 111.3 m (stairs)[4]
Width	91 m (interior)[4] 97.6 m (stairs)[4]
Interior area	7,000 m2 (interior)[3][5] 8,000 m2 (stairs)
Height (max)	101.52 m (top cross)[2][6] 31.5 m (nave interior)[4] 80 m (dom ceiling)[7]
Dome dia. (outer)	25.8 m[8]
Website
Cathedral.ru

Saint Isaac’s Cathedral or Isaakievskiy Sobor (Russian: Исаа́киевский Собо́р) is a large architectural landmark cathedral that currently functions as a museum with occasional church services in Saint Petersburg, Russia. It is dedicated to Saint Isaac of Dalmatia, a patron saint of Peter the Great, who had been born on the feast day of that saint. It was originally built as a cathedral but was turned into a museum by the Soviet government in 1931 and has remained a museum ever since, with church services held in a side chapel since the 1990’s. In 2017, the Governor of Saint Petersburg offered to transfer the cathedral back to the Russian Orthodox Church, but this was not accomplished due to the protests of St Petersburg citizens opposing the offer.

History[edit]

The church on St Isaac’s Square was ordered by Tsar Alexander I, to replace an earlier structure by Vincenzo Brenna, and was the fourth consecutive church standing at this place.^[9] A specially appointed commission examined several designs, including that of the French-born architect Auguste de Montferrand (1786–1858), who had studied in the atelier of Napoleon’s designer, Charles Percier. Montferrand’s design was criticised by some members of the commission for the dry and allegedly boring rhythm of its four identical pedimented octastyle porticos. It was also suggested that despite gigantic dimensions, the edifice would look squat and not very impressive. The members of the commission, which consisted of well-known Russian architects, were also particularly concerned by necessity to build a new huge building on the old unsecure foundation. The emperor, who favoured the ponderous Empire style of architecture, had to step in and solve the dispute in Montferrand’s favour.

The cathedral took 40 years to construct, under Montferrand’s direction, from 1818 to 1858.^[9] To secure the construction, the cathedral’s foundation was strengthened by driving 25,000 piles into the fenland of Saint Petersburg. Innovative methods were created to erect the giant columns of the portico. The construction costs of the cathedral totalled an incredible sum of 1 000 000 gold rubles. Under the Soviet government, the building was stripped of religious trappings. In 1931, it was turned into the Museum of the History of Religion and Atheism, the dove sculpture was removed, and replaced by a Foucault pendulum.^[9][10] On 12 April 1931, the first public demonstration of the Foucault pendulum was held to visualize Copernicus’s theory. In 1937, the museum was transformed into the museum of the cathedral, and former collections were transferred to the Museum of the History of Religion (located in the Kazan Cathedral).^[11]

During World War II, the dome was painted over in gray to avoid attracting attention from enemy aircraft. On its top, in the skylight, a geodesical intersection point was placed, to determine the positions of German artillery batteries.

With the fall of communism, the museum was removed and regular worship activity has resumed in the cathedral, but only in the left-hand side chapel. The main body of the cathedral is used for services on feast days only.

On 10 January 2017 Georgy Poltavchenko, the Governor of St. Petersburg, announced that the cathedral would be transferred to the Russian Orthodox Church [1]. The key protocols of the transfer were defined by the order issued by St. Petersburg’s Committee on Property Relations on 30 December 2016. The document expired on 30 December 2018. The new order can be issued upon request from the Russian Orthodox Church, but no such request has yet been submitted.[2].

The transfer of Saint Isaac’s Cathedral in use the ROC agreed in January 2017, but the decision has caused discontent of the townspeople, who defended the status of the museum. The decision of the city authorities was disputed in the courts.^[12][13] Currently, the status of the building is museum.^[14][15] Today, church services are held here only on ecclesiastical occasions.^[16]

On 1 October 2021, Grand Duke George Mikhailovich of Russia and Victoria Romanovna Bettarini married at the cathedral in the first royal wedding to take place in Russia since 1917.^[17]

Exterior[edit]

The neoclassical exterior expresses the traditional Russian-Byzantine formula of a Greek-cross ground plan with a large central dome and four subsidiary domes. It is similar to Andrea Palladio’s Villa Capra «La Rotonda», with a full dome on a high drum substituted for the Villa’s low central saucer dome. The design of the cathedral in general and the dome in particular later influenced the design of the United States Capitol dome,^[18] Wisconsin State Capitol in Madison, Wisconsin,^[19] and the Lutheran Cathedral in Helsinki.

The exterior is faced with gray and pink stone, and features a total of 112 red granite columns with Corinthian capitals, each hewn and erected as a single block: 48 at ground level, 24 on the rotunda of the uppermost dome, 8 on each of four side domes, and 2 framing each of four windows. The rotunda is encircled by a walkway accessible to tourists. 24 statues stand on the roof, and another 24 on top of the rotunda.

Dome[edit]

The cathedral’s main dome rises 101.5 metres (333 ft); its exterior is gilded. The dome is decorated with twelve statues of angels by Josef Hermann.^[20] These angels were likely the first large sculptures produced by the then novel process of electrotyping, which was an alternative to traditional bronze casting of sculptures.^[21] Montferrand’s design of the dome is based on a supporting cast iron structure. It was the third historical instance of cast iron cupola after the Leaning Tower of Nevyansk (1732) and Mainz Cathedral (1826).^[22]

With an internal height of 69 m ^[23] (from the floor to the level of the oculus), it ranks among the tallest domes in the world.

Interior[edit]

The cathedral’s bronze doors, covered in reliefs by Ivan Vitali, are patterned after the celebrated doors of the Battistero di San Giovanni in Florence, designed by Lorenzo Ghiberti. Suspended underneath the peak of the dome is a sculpted white dove representing the Holy Spirit. Internal features such as columns, pilasters, floor, and statue of Montferrand are composed of multicolored granites and marbles gathered from all parts of Russia. The iconostasis is framed by eight columns of semiprecious stone: six of malachite and two smaller ones of lazurite. The four pediments are also richly sculpted.

The interior was originally decorated with scores of paintings by Karl Bryullov and other great Russian masters of the day. When these paintings began to deteriorate due to the cold, damp conditions inside the cathedral, Montferrand ordered them to be painstakingly reproduced as mosaics, a technique introduced in Russia by Mikhail Lomonosov. This work was never completed.

Technologies[edit]

William Handyside and other engineers used a number of technological innovations in the construction of the building.^[24] The portico columns were raised with the use of large wooden frameworks before the walls were erected. The building rests on 10,000 tree trunks^[9] that were sunk by a large number of workers into the marshy banks upon which the cathedral is situated. The dome was gilded by a technique similar to spraypainting; the solution used included toxic mercury, the vapors of which caused the deaths of sixty workers.^[25][26] The dozen gilded statues of angels, each six metres tall, facing each other across the interior of the rotunda, were constructed using galvanoplastic technology,^[9] making them only millimeters thick and very lightweight. St. Isaac’s Cathedral represents the first use of this technique in architecture.

The meticulous and painstakingly detailed work on constructing the St. Isaac’s Cathedral took 40 years to complete. This extended construction left an expression in the Finnish language, rakentaa kuin Iisakin kirkkoa («to build like St. Isaac’s Church»), for lengthy and never-ending megaprojects.

Gallery[edit]

• 

  The first St. Isaac’s Church (Lithography of Auguste de Montferrand’s drawing, 1710)

• 

  St. Isaac blessing the Emperor Theodosius and his wife Flaccilla^[9]

• 

  St. Isaac’s Gate, bronze doors

• 

  View of the main iconostasis, showing the malachite and lapis lazuli columns

• 

  Iconostasis of one of the side chapels

• 

• 

  View looking out from the cathedral onto Isaac Square

• 

  Photo from St Isaacs Cathedral

• 

  St. Isaac’s Cathedral at night

See also[edit]

• Cathedral of Christ the Saviour (Moscow)
• List of tallest Orthodox churches
• List of large Orthodox cathedrals
• List of tallest domes

References[edit]

Notes[edit]

Sources[edit]

• Butikov, George (1974). «St Isaac’s Cathedral». Leningrad: Aurora Art Publishers.

External links[edit]

• The Main Cathedral of the Russian Empire Official website of the State Monument Museum
• St Isaac’s Cathedral
• St Isaac’s Cathedral guide, a large photo collection
• St Isaac’s Cathedral WebCam

Coordinates: 59°56′03″N 30°18′22″E / 59.9341°N 30.3062°E

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