Как пишется алькатрас на английском

I
[ˏkælɪˊfɔ:rnjǝ]
Калифорния, штат на Тихоокеанском побережье США <

исп.

жаркая страна>. Сокращённо: *CA.
Прозвища: «золотой штат» [*Golden State/*El Dorado], «страна небес»«страна небесных просторов» [*Land of the Sky], «штат Сьерры» [*Sierra State], «виноградный штат» [*Grape State].
Житель штата: калифорниец [Californian].
Столица:

г.

Сакраменто [Sacramento].
Девиз: «Эврика» (

лат.

Eureka — I have found it).
Цветок: золотистый мак [golden poppy].
Дерево: секвойя [California redwood].
Птица: калифорнийский долинный перепел [California valley quail]. Рыба: золотистая форель [California golden trout].
Песня: «Я люблю тебя, Калифорния» [‘I love you, California’].
Площадь: 404975

кв. км

. (158,693 ) (3- е место).
Население (1986):

ок.

27

млн.

(1- е место).
Крупнейшие города: Лос— Анджелес [*Los Angeles I], Сан— Диего [*San Diego], Лонг— Бич [Long Beach], Окленд [Oakland], Сан— Франциско [*San Francisco], Сан— Хосе [San Jose], Сакраменто [Sacramento], Анахейм [Anaheim], Фресно [Fresno], Санта— Ана [Santa Ana], Риверсайд [Riverside], Торранс [Torrance], Глейндейл [Glendale], Гарден— Гров [Garden Grove].
Экономика. Основные отрасли: сельское хозяйство, обрабатывающая промышленность, аэрокосмическая промышленность, строительство, туризм.
Основная продукция: изделия пищевой промышленности, металлоизделия и полуфабрикаты металлообработки, продукция машиностроения, электрооборудование и электроника, транспортное оборудование. Сельское хозяйство.
Основная продукция: виноград, хлопок, цветы, апельсины, тепличные растения, томаты, салат, клубника, миндаль.
Животноводство (1985): скота — 1,9

млн.

, свиней — 1,8

млн.

, овец — 1,5

млн.

, птицы — 209,8

млн.

Лесное хозяйство: ель, сосна, секвойя, дуб.
Минералы: ведущий штат по добыче минералов ( исключая энергоносители), золото, боросодержащие минералы, песок и гравий, щебень. Рыбный промысел (1986): на 139,2

млн. долл.

История. Первыми европейскими исследователями были Кабрилло [Cabrillo] (1542) и Дрейк [Drake] (1579). Первым поселением была миссия Альта— Калифорния [Alta California] в районе Сан— Диего в 1769, первая в цепи миссий, основанных францисканским монахом Джуниперо Серра [Serra, Junipero]. Торговцы и поселенцы, прибывшие в Калифорнию в XIX

в.

, подняли окончившийся неудачей «бунт под медвежьим флагом» [Bear Flag Revolt] в 1846. Позже в том же году началась война с Мексикой, войска США оккупировали Калифорнию, в 1848 Мексика передала её США, в том же году началась «золотая лихорадка» [*‘gold rush’].
Достопримечательности: национальные парки долины Йосемити [Yosemite Valley], Лассенский [Lassen] и Секвойя— Кингс— Каньон [Sequoia-Kings Canyon],

оз.

Тахо [Tahoe], пустыни Мохаве и Колорадо, Сан— Францисский залив и

п-ов

Монтерей. Самым древним из всего живущего на Земле считается группа сосен с щетинистыми шишками возрастом

ок.

4600 лет в Национальном лесу Иньо [Inyo]. Самое высокое дерево, секвойя Хауард Либби [Howard Libbey] высотой 362 фута и 44 фута в обхвате, находится у ручья Редвуд— Крик [Redwood Creek] в округе Гумбольдт. В

г.

Лонг— Бич [Long Beach] открыт для посещения океанский лайнер «Куин Мэри» [Queen Mary]. Паломарская обсерватория [Palomar Observatory], Диснейленд [Disneyland], Музей Поля Гетти [Getty, J. Paul] в Малибу [Malibu] и многое другое, в том числе Долина Смерти [Death Valley], гора Уитни [Mt. Whitney], вулкан Лассен [Lassen Peak], секвойя «Генерал Шерман» [General Sherman Tree], Голливуд [Hollywood], мост Золотые Ворота [Golden Gate Bridge], парк Сан— Симеон [San Simeon State Park], побережье Пойнт— Рейес [Point Reyes National Seashore].
Наиболее известные калифорнийцы: Бёрбанк, Лютер [*Burbank, Luther], селекционер; Фремонт, Джон [*Fremont, John C.], исследователь Дальнего Запада; Гарт, Брет [*Harte, Bret], писатель; Хёрст, Уильям [*Hearst, William R.], издатель газет и журналов; Лондон, Джек [*London, Jack], писатель; Макферсон, Айми Семпл [McPherson, Aimee Semple], евангелист; Мьюир, Джон [Muir, John], натуралист; Никсон, Ричард М. [*Nixon, Richard M.], 37-й президент США; Сароян, Уильям [*Saroyan, William], писатель; Серра, Джуниперо [Serra, Junipero], миссионер; Стэнфорд, Лиланд [Stanford, Leland], предприниматель и меценат; Стейнбек, Джон [Steinbeck, John], писатель.
Ассоциации: огромные апельсины [Naval oranges]; авокадо; медведь на флаге штата; Сан—Франциско, Лос—Анджелес, Голливуд, Сан—Диего; многочисленные пляжи, в том числе Блэкс—Бич, нудистский пляж в южной Калифорнии, отличное место для сёрфинга; штат, где не надо носить галстук, где все пребывают в состоянии релаксации; штат калифорнийских блондинок; Силиконовая долина [*Silicon Valley], центр разработки новейших технологий; землетрясения (существует гипотеза, что Калифорния в любой момент может погрузиться в Тихий океан); тюрьма Алькатрас (в США широкую популярность приобрёл узник этой тюрьмы, наблюдавший за жизнью птиц [‘bird man of Alcatraz’]). Калифорния — центр кочующих сезонных рабочих, выступает как место действия многих произведений Стейнбека. Калифорнию по—прежнему рассматривают как «землю обетованную». Заросли секвойи, мост Золотые Ворота, Диснейленд, Голливуд, Долина Смерти; у побережья ловится розовый лосось; Беркли, местонахождение Калифорнийского университета, был центром левых студенческих выступлений в 60-х

гг.

; Стэнфорд называют «Гарвардом Запада»
II • ‘California’
«Калифорния», журнал, выходит раз в две недели в Лос— Анджелесе ( штат Калифорния)

Alcatraz — перевод на русский

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Перевод «Алькатрас» на английский

Мы можем посмотреть на Алькатрас изнутри.

We can have a look at Alcatraz, that’s the inside.

Здесь мы увидим знаменитую тюрьму Алькатрас, находящуюся на острове недалеко от побережья.

From there we could observe the infamous prison Alcatraz, which is situated on a nearby island.

Алькатрас был тюрьмой, которую отправили, если отказывались следовать правилам.

Alcatraz was the prison that you got sent if you refused to follow rules.

Только самые трудные заключенные будут отправлены в Алькатрас.

Only the most difficult prisoners would get sent to Alcatraz.

Горный Алькатрас (неофициальное название тюрьмы) работает с 1994-го года.

Mountain Alcatraz (the informal name of prison) works with 1994 year.

Я отправился на Алькатрас и провёлна том острове несколько недель.

I went out to Alcatraz, and I lived on the island for several weeks.

Я отправился на Алькатрас и провёл на том острове несколько недель.

I went out to Alcatraz, and I lived on the island for several weeks.

В 9 лет родители отвезли меня в Алькатрас.

When my parents dragged me to Alcatraz for the day at the age of 9.

Рано утром следующего дня сирены сотрясали тюрьму Алькатрас и разбудили всех заключенных.

Early the next morning, blaring sirens rocked the prison of Alcatraz and woke up all the inmates.

За 29 лет функционирования тюрьмы Алькатрас из неё множество раз пытались сбежать.

During its 29 years of operation of Alcatraz from it many times tried to escape.

Своё наказание он отбывал в знаменитой тюрьме «Алькатрас».

My punishment he was serving in the famous prison «Alcatraz«.

Нарушь законы тюрьмы — и ты попадаешь в Алькатрас».

You break the rules in prison, you get sent to Alcatraz.

Алькатрас был тюрьмой, в которой содержались только заключенные.

Alcatraz was a prison that only housed inmates that were transferred.

Но она упорно, начиная с переезда в знаменитой тюрьме Алькатрас.

But she persisted, beginning with a crossing to the famous Alcatraz prison.

Последние 27 заключенных навсегда покинули Алькатрас.

The last twenty-seven prisoners of Alcatraz are removed.

В общем, Алькатрас окончательно превратился в социокультурное явление, известное всему миру.

In the end, Alcatraz and finally turned into a social and cultural phenomenon known throughout the world.

В 1962 году трое грабителей бежали из американской тюрьмы Алькатрас.

Back in 1962, three men escaped from the island prison of Alcatraz.

Попробуй сбежать из одной из самых известных тюрем мира — тюрьмы Алькатрас.

Try to escape from one of the most famous prisons in the world, Alcatraz.

Но по экономическим соображениям тюрьма Алькатрас в 1963 году была закрыта.

The world believes that in 1963, the prison on Alcatraz was shut down due to financial reasons.

Из-за высоких эксплуатационных расходов Алькатрас был закрыт в 1963 году.

Due to structural deterioration and the rising cost of maintenance, Alcatraz was closed in 1963.

Ничего не найдено для этого значения.

Результатов: 638. Точных совпадений: 638. Затраченное время: 85 мс

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Alcatraz Island
Alcatraz Island from the San Francisco Bay
Location	San Francisco Bay, California, U.S.
Nearest city	San Francisco, California
Coordinates	37°49′36″N 122°25′22″W / 37.82667°N 122.42278°WCoordinates: 37°49′36″N 122°25′22″W / 37.82667°N 122.42278°W
Area	22 acres (8.9 ha)[1]
Established	1934; 89 years ago
Governing body	National Park Service
Website	Alcatraz Island
Alcatraz
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
U.S. National Historic Landmark District
The Social Hall, destroyed by fire during the Native American occupation.
Area	47 acres (19 ha)[2]
Built	1847
Architect	U.S. Army, Bureau of Prisons; U.S. Army
Architectural style	Mission/Spanish Revival
NRHP reference No.	76000209[2]
Significant dates
Added to NRHP	June 23, 1976[2]
Designated NHLD	January 17, 1986[3]

Alcatraz Island () is a small island in San Francisco Bay, 1.25 miles (2.01 km) offshore from San Francisco, California, United States.^[1] The island was developed in the mid-19th century with facilities for a lighthouse, a military fortification, and a military prison. In 1934, the island was converted into a federal prison, Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary. The strong currents around the island and cold water temperatures made escape nearly impossible, and the prison became one of the most notorious in American history.^[4] The prison closed in 1963, and the island is now a major tourist attraction.

Beginning in November 1969, the island was occupied for more than 19 months by a group of Native Americans, initially primarily from San Francisco, who were later joined by AIM and other urban Indians from other parts of the country, who were part of a wave of Native American activists organizing public protests across the US through the 1970s. In 1972, Alcatraz was transferred to the Department of Interior to become part of Golden Gate National Recreation Area. It was designated as a National Historic Landmark in 1986.

Today, the island’s facilities are managed by the National Park Service as part of Golden Gate National Recreation Area. Visitors can reach the island in less than 15 minutes by ferry ride from Pier 33, located between the San Francisco Ferry Building and Fisherman’s Wharf, San Francisco. Hornblower Cruises, operating under the name Alcatraz Cruises, is the official ferry provider to and from the island.

Alcatraz Island is the site of the abandoned federal prison, the oldest operating lighthouse on the West Coast of the United States, early military fortifications, and natural features such as rock pools and a seabird colony (mostly western gulls, cormorants, and egrets). According to a 1971 documentary on the history of Alcatraz, the island measures 1,675 feet (511 m) by 590 feet (180 m) and is 135 feet (41 m) at highest point during mean tide.^[5] The total area of the island is reported to be 22 acres (8.9 ha).^[1]

Landmarks on the island include the Main Cellhouse, Dining Hall, Lighthouse, the ruins of the Warden’s House and Social Hall, Parade Grounds, Building 64, Water Tower, New Industries Building, Model Industries Building, and the Recreation Yard.

History[edit]

The first European to document the islands of San Francisco Bay was Spanish naval officer and explorer Juan Manuel de Ayala during Spanish rule of California; he charted San Francisco Bay in 1775. He named today’s Yerba Buena Island as «La Isla de los Alcatraces», which translates as «The Island of the Gannets» but is commonly believed to translate as «The Island of the Pelicans» (the modern Spanish word for ‘pelican’ is pelícano),^{[6][7][8][9][10][11]} from the archaic Spanish alcatraz («pelican»). There are no gannets native to the Pacific coast, making the older Spanish usage more likely.

Yerba Buena Island was labeled on Ayala’s 1775 chart of San Francisco Bay as «Isla de Alcatraces». The name was later applied to the rock now known as Alcatraz Island by Captain Frederick W. Beechey, an English naval officer and explorer.^[12]

Over the years, the Spanish version «Alcatraz» became popular and is now widely used. In August 1827, for instance, French Captain Auguste Bernard Duhaut-Cilly wrote «… running past Alcatraze’s (Pelicans) Island … covered with a countless number of these birds. A gun fired over the feathered legions caused them to fly up in a great cloud and with a noise like a hurricane.»^[13] The California brown pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis californicus) is not known to nest on the island today. The Spanish built several small buildings on the island and other minor structures.^[5]

Fort Alcatraz[edit]

The earliest recorded private owner of the island of Alcatraz is Julian Workman, to whom it was given by Mexican governor Pio Pico in June 1846, with the understanding that Workman would build a lighthouse on it.^[14] Julian Workman is the baptismal name of William Workman, co-owner of Rancho La Puente and a personal friend of Pio Pico. Later in 1846, acting in his capacity as Military Governor of California, John C. Frémont bought the island for $5,000 in the name of the United States government from Francis Temple.^[5][15][16]

In 1850, President Millard Fillmore ordered that Alcatraz Island be set aside specifically as a United States military reservation,^[10] for military purposes based upon the U.S. acquisition of California from Mexico following the Mexican–American War.^[17] Frémont had expected a large compensation for his initiative in purchasing and securing Alcatraz Island for the U.S. government, but the U.S. government later invalidated the sale and paid Frémont nothing. Frémont and his heirs sued for compensation during protracted but unsuccessful legal battles that extended into the 1890s.^[17]

Following the acquisition of California by the United States as a result of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848), which ended the Mexican–American War, and the onset of the California Gold Rush the following year, the U.S. Army began studying the suitability of Alcatraz Island for the positioning of coastal batteries to protect the approaches to San Francisco Bay. In 1853, under the direction of Zealous B. Tower, the United States Army Corps of Engineers began fortifying the island, work which continued until 1858, when the initial version of Fort Alcatraz was complete. The island’s first garrison, numbering about 200 soldiers, arrived at the end of that year.

When the American Civil War broke out in 1861, the island mounted 85 cannons (increased to 105 cannons by 1866) in casemates around its perimeter, though the small size of the garrison meant only a fraction of the guns could be used at one time. At this time it also served as the San Francisco Arsenal for storage of firearms to prevent them falling into the hands of Confederate sympathizers.^[18] Alcatraz, built as a «heavily fortified military site on the West Coast», was to form a «triangle of defense» with Fort Point and Lime Point, but the contemplated work on Lime Point was never built. The first operational lighthouse on the West Coast of the United States was also built on Alcatraz. During the war, Fort Alcatraz was used to imprison Confederate sympathizers and privateers on the west coast, but its guns were never fired at an enemy.^[19]

Studies of the island and its fortifications have included archeological surveys relying on contemporary technology. In 2019 «Binghamton University archaeologist Timothy de Smet and colleagues located historical remains beneath the former recreation yard of the Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary.» Using ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data and georectifications, Smet and colleagues discovered structures, including «a ‘bombproof’ earthwork traverse along with its underlying vaulted brick masonry tunnel and ventilation ducts,» in surprisingly good condition.^[20] Archaeologists also found the remains of ammunition magazines, and tunnels below the penitentiary that was built later.^[21][22]

Because of the isolation created by the cold, strong currents of the waters of San Francisco Bay, as early as 1859, Alcatraz was used to house soldiers convicted of crimes. By 1861, the fort was the military prison for the Department of the Pacific. It housed Civil War prisoners of war (POWs) as early as that year.^{[citation needed]}

Starting in 1863, the military also held private citizens accused of treason, after the writ of habeas corpus in the United States was suspended. Hundreds of troops were trained on the island, with more than 350 military personnel in place by April 1861. As enlistees were assigned to units, new green troops reported for training. In early 1865, the number of men reached 433, the peak of the war.^[23]

During the Civil War-era, rapid changes in artillery and fortification were generated. Alcatraz’s defenses were obsolete by the postwar years. Modernization efforts, including an ambitious plan to level the entire island and construct shell-proof underground magazines and tunnels, were undertaken between 1870 and 1876 but never completed (the so-called «parade ground» on the southern tip of the island represents the extent of the flattening effort).^[24] Instead, the army switched the focus of its plans for Alcatraz from coastal defense to detention, a task for which it was well suited because of its isolation.

In 1867, a brick jailhouse was built (previously inmates had been kept in the basement of the guardhouse), and in 1868, Alcatraz was officially designated as a long-term detention facility for military prisoners. The facility was later discontinued for Prisoners of War in 1846^{[dubious – discuss]}. Among those incarcerated at Alcatraz were Confederates caught on the West Coast^[5] and some Hopi Native American men in the 1870s, who refused orders to send their children away from their families to Indian boarding schools.^[25]

In 1898, due to the Spanish–American War, the prison population rose from 26 to over 450. From 1905 to 1907 it was commanded by U.S. Army General George W. McIver. After the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, civilian prisoners were transferred to Alcatraz for safe confinement. On March 21, 1907, Alcatraz was officially designated as the Western U.S. Military Prison, later Pacific Branch, U.S. Disciplinary Barracks, 1915.^[18]

In 1909 construction began on the huge concrete main cell block, designed by Major Reuben Turner, which remains the island’s dominant feature. It was completed in 1912.^[18] To accommodate the new cell block, the Citadel, a three-story barracks, was demolished down to the first floor, which was below ground level. The building had been constructed in an excavated pit, creating a defensive dry moat. The first floor was incorporated as a basement to the new cell block, giving rise to the popular legend of «dungeons» below the main cell block. The US Disciplinary Barracks was deactivated in October 1933 and transferred to the Bureau of Prisons.^[18]

During World War I, the prison was used to hold conscientious objectors, including Philip Grosser, who wrote a pamphlet entitled Uncle Sam’s Devil’s Island about his experiences.^[26]

Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary[edit]

The United States Disciplinary Barracks on Alcatraz were acquired by the United States Department of Justice on October 12, 1933, and the island was designated as a federal prison in August 1934. Alcatraz was designed to hold prisoners who continuously caused trouble at other federal prisons.^[27] At 9:40 am on August 11, 1934, the first batch of 137 prisoners arrived at Alcatraz, arriving by railroad from the United States Penitentiary in Leavenworth, Kansas, to Santa Venetia, California. They were escorted to Alcatraz, while handcuffed in high security coaches and guarded by 60 special FBI agents, U.S. Marshals and railway security officials.^[5][28]

Most of the prisoners were notorious bank robbers and murderers.^[5] The prison initially had a staff of 155, including the first warden James A. Johnston and associate warden J. E. Shuttleworth, both considered to be «iron men».^[5] The staff were highly trained in security, but not rehabilitation.^[5]

During the 29 years it was in use, the prison held some of the most notorious criminals in American history,^[5] including gangsters such as Al Capone, Robert Franklin Stroud (the «Birdman of Alcatraz»), George «Machine Gun» Kelly and Bumpy Johnson, and political terrorists such as Rafael Cancel Miranda, a member of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party who attacked the United States Capitol building in 1954.^[29] Others included Mickey Cohen, Arthur R. «Doc» Barker, and Alvin «Creepy» Karpis, who served more time at Alcatraz than any other inmate. It also provided housing for the Bureau of Prisons staff and their families.

Contrary to popular belief, it was possible to escape and swim all of the way to shore.^[30] However, during its 29 years of operation, the penitentiary claimed that no prisoner successfully escaped. A total of 36 prisoners made 14 escape attempts, two men trying twice. 23 were caught alive, six were shot and killed during their escape, two drowned, and five are listed as «missing and presumed drowned».^[31] The most violent incident occurred on May 2, 1946, when a failed escape attempt by six prisoners led to the Battle of Alcatraz. Perhaps the most famous is the intricate escape, carried out on June 11, 1962, by Frank Morris, John Anglin, and Clarence Anglin. The three men are believed to have drowned in their attempt.

Although most escapees were caught or drowned, in 1962, prisoner John Paul Scott made it to the shore. However, he was so weary that police found him unconscious and in hypothermic shock. The annual Escape from Alcatraz Triathlon includes a required 1.5-mile (2.4 km) swim from the island to the bay shore.^[32]

Post-prison years[edit]

Closing of the prison[edit]

There are several reasons that Alcatraz closed as a penitentiary in 1963. The penitentiary cost much more to operate than other prisons (nearly $10 per prisoner per day, as opposed to $3 per prisoner per day at Atlanta).^[33] Half a century of salt water saturation had severely eroded the buildings and three people had purportedly escaped in 1962. After its closure, George Moscone received public proposals to repurpose Alcatraz Island.^[34]

Native American occupation[edit]

Alcatraz Island was occupied by Native American activists for the first time on March 8, 1964. The protest, proposed by Lakota Sioux activist Belva Cottier and joined by about 35 others, was reported by, among others, the San Francisco Chronicle and the San Francisco Examiner.^[35]

Beginning on November 20, 1969, a group of Native Americans called United Indians of All Tribes, mostly college students from San Francisco, occupied the island to protest federal policies related to American Indians. Some of them were children of Native Americans who had relocated in the city as part of the Bureau of Indian Affairs’ (BIA) Indian termination policy, which was a series of laws and policies aimed at the assimilation of Native Americans into mainstream US society. It encouraged Native Americans to move away from the Indian reservations and into cities to take advantage of health, educational and employment opportunities. A number of employees of the Bureau of Indian Affairs also occupied Alcatraz at that time, including Doris Purdy, an amateur photographer, who later produced footage of her stay on the island.^[36]

The occupiers, who stayed on the island for nearly two years, demanded that the island’s facilities be adapted and new structures built for an Indian education center, ecology center, and cultural center. The American Indians claimed the island by provisions of the Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868) between the US and the Sioux; they said the treaty promised to return all retired, abandoned, or out-of-use federal lands to the native peoples from whom they were acquired. Indians of All Tribes claimed Alcatraz Island by the «Right of Discovery»; as historian Troy R. Johnson states in The Occupation of Alcatraz Island, generations of indigenous peoples knew about Alcatraz at least 10,000 years before any European knew about any part of North America. Begun by urban Indians of San Francisco, the occupation attracted other Native Americans from across the country, including American Indian Movement (AIM) urban activists from Minneapolis.

The Native Americans demanded reparations for the many treaties broken by the US government and for the lands that were taken from so many tribes.

During the nineteen months and nine days of occupation by the American Indians, several buildings at Alcatraz were damaged or destroyed by fire, including the lighthouse keeper’s home, the warden’s home, the Officers’ Club,^[37] the recreation hall, and the Coast Guard quarters. The origin of the fires is disputed. The US government demolished a number of other buildings (mostly apartments) after the occupation had ended. Graffiti from the period of Native American occupation is still visible at many locations on the island.^[38]

During the occupation, President Richard Nixon rescinded the Indian termination policy, designed by earlier administrations to end federal recognition of many tribes and their special relationship with the US government. He established a new policy of self-determination, in part as a result of the publicity and awareness created by the occupation. The occupation ended on June 11, 1971.^[39]

Alcatraz under the National Park Service[edit]

In 1972, the National Park Service purchased Alcatraz along with Fort Mason from the U.S. Army to establish the Golden Gate National Recreation Area. Under «An Act to Establish the Golden Gate National Recreation Area» President Richard Nixon allocated $120 million for land acquisition and development of the area.^[40] It has since been under the direction of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area and now operates as a tourist site and museum dedicated to its time as a federal penitentiary. Operating costs still remain one of its biggest challenges today.

Landmarks[edit]

Part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area since 1972, the entire Alcatraz Island was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.^[2] In 1986 it was designated as a National Historic Landmark, the highest recognition.^[3][41]

In 1993, the National Park Service published a plan entitled Alcatraz Development Concept and Environmental Assessment.^[42] This plan, approved in 1980, doubled the area of Alcatraz accessible to the public, in order to enable visitors to enjoy its scenery and bird, marine, and animal life.^[43]

Major sites in the cultural landscape include:^[44]

• Barker Beach
• Boat Dock
• Building 64
• Citadel
• Dining Hall
• Former Military Chapel (Bachelor Quarters)
• Helipad (FAA LID: CA27)
• Library
• Lighthouse
• Main Cellhouse
• Model Industries Building
• Morgue
• New Industries Building
• Officers’ Club
• Parade Grounds
• Power House
• Recreation Yard
• Wardens House
• Water Tower

Development[edit]

American Indigenous groups, such as the International Indian Treaty Council, occasionally hold ceremonies on the island, most notably, their «Sunrise Gatherings» every Columbus Day and Thanksgiving Day.^[45][46]

Around 2007, the Global Peace Foundation proposed to raze the prison and build a peace center in its place. Supporters collected 10,350 signatures – sufficient to have it placed as a proposition on the presidential primary ballots in San Francisco for February 5, 2008.^[47] The proposed plan was estimated at US$1 billion. For the plan to pass, Congress would have to have taken Alcatraz out of the National Park Service. Critics of the plan said that Alcatraz is too rich in history to be destroyed.^[48] On February 6, 2008, the Alcatraz Island Global Peace Center Proposition C failed to pass, with 72% of voters rejecting the proposition.^[49]

The coastal environment of the San Francisco Bay Area has caused deterioration and corrosion of building materials throughout Alcatraz. Beginning in 2011, the National Park Service began major renovations on the island, including the installation of solar panels on the cell house roof, slope stabilization near the Warden’s House, and the stabilization and rehabilitation of the outer cell house walls.

Now one of San Francisco’s major tourist attractions, Alcatraz drew some 1.7 million visitors annually according to a 2018 report.^[50] Visitors arrive by ferry, operated under contract by Alcatraz Cruises LLC at Pier 33.^[51]
The 2018 report indicated that «former prison buildings are being conserved and seismically upgraded and additional areas of the Island are opened to the public as safety hazards are removed».^[50] During the COVID-19 pandemic, the buildings and the island remained closed to the public for more than a year (and ferry services were suspended), reopening in March 2021.^[52]

Art[edit]

Alcatraz has been home to several art installations. In 2014, Chinese artist/dissident Ai Weiwei staged an exhibition which explored «questions about human rights and freedom of expression» called @Large.^[53] This exhibition included Lego portraits of famous political prisoners. The creation of the exhibition was featured in a 2019 documentary film, Yours Truly.^[54] In 2016, Nelson Saiers used math and prison slang as central elements in a six-month installation that called attention to the imposition of long prison sentences.^[55][56]

Fauna and flora[edit]

Habitat[edit]

• Cisterns. A bluff that, because of its moist crevices, is believed to be an important site for California slender salamanders.
• Cliff tops at the island’s north end. Containing a onetime manufacturing building and a plaza, the area is listed as important to nesting and roosting birds.
• The powerhouse area. A steep embankment where native grassland and creeping wild rye support a habitat for deer mice.
• Tide pools. One of the only complexes in the San Francisco Bay, the island’s tide pools were created by quarrying activities, and contain a variety of typical invertebrate species.^[57]
• Western cliffs and cliff tops. Rising to heights of nearly 100 feet (30 m), they provide nesting and roosting sites for seabirds including pigeon guillemots, cormorants, Heermann’s gulls, and western gulls. Harbor seals can occasionally be seen on a small beach at the base.
• The parade grounds. Carved from the hillside during the late 19th century and covered with rubble since the government demolished guard housing in 1971, the area has become a habitat and breeding ground for black-crowned night herons, western gulls, slender salamanders, and deer mice.
• The Agave Path, a trail named for its dense growth of agave. Located atop a shoreline bulkhead on the south side, it provides a nesting habitat for night herons.

Flora[edit]

Gardens planted by families of the original Army post, and later by families of the prison guards, fell into neglect after the prison closure in 1963. After 40 years, they are being restored by a paid staff member and many volunteers, thanks to funding by the Garden Conservancy and the Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy. The untended gardens had become severely overgrown and had developed into a nesting habitat and sanctuary for numerous birds. Now, areas of bird habitat are being preserved and protected, while many of the gardens are being restored to their original state.

In clearing out the overgrowth, workers found that many of the original plants were growing where they had been planted – some more than 100 years ago. Numerous heirloom rose hybrids, including a Welsh rose (Bardou Job) that had been believed to be extinct, have been discovered and propagated. Many species of roses, succulents, and geraniums are growing among apple and fig trees, banks of sweet peas, manicured gardens of cutting flowers, and wildly overgrown sections of native grasses with blackberry and honeysuckle.

In popular culture[edit]

Alcatraz Island appears often in media and popular culture, including films dating from 1962: The Book of Eli (2010), X-Men: The Last Stand (2006), Catch Me If You Can (2002), The Rock (1996), Murder in the First (1995), Escape from Alcatraz (1979), The Enforcer (1976), Point Blank (1967) , Birdman of Alcatraz (1962) and J. J. Abrams’ 2012 television series Alcatraz.

It also was featured in the Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters anime, in the book Al Capone Does My Shirts, in the video game Tony Hawk’s Pro Skater 4 as a playable level. It is also showcased as a playable racetrack in the 1997 arcade racing video game San Francisco Rush the Rock: Alcatraz Edition. Alcatraz has also been portrayed often as a safe haven or base of operations in many post-apocalyptic movies, such as The Book of Eli.

Alcatraz was featured in the video game Call of Duty: Black Ops II in a downloadable zombie survival map called «Mob of the Dead» in which players could explore the Main Cellhouse, the Boat Dock, and a fictional area called the Catacombs which runs through the island. A segment of Alcatraz’ Cellhouse makes a cameo appearance in Call of Duty: Black Ops III in the downloadable zombies survival map «Revelations». The map was then remastered in Call of Duty: Black Ops 4’s zombie mode as «Blood of the Dead» in which the playable area of the map was expanded to include the Model Industries Building, New Industries Building, and the Warden’s House. Call of Duty: Mobile also has a seasonal game mode in Alcatraz Island. Call of Duty: Warzone’s Rebirth Island is also based on Alcatraz Island.

Alcatraz even appears in The Alchemyst and The Sorceress by author Michael Scott and is depicted as a prison for the immortal Perenelle Flamel.

Alcatraz is featured in the episode «Bird Mummy of Alcatraz» in the children’s program, Mummies Alive! and was also featured in a mission in the video game Watch Dogs 2. Alcatraz is also featured as a downloadable map in the video game The Escapists.

Escape from Alcatraz and The Rock are two films that show how inescapable the island is. Escape from Alcatraz is based on the true story of a few inmates trying to flee the island. The Rock on the other hand, just depicts life in Alcatraz.^[58]

In the 2003 video game Hulk, Alcatraz is the location of a secret base of operations called Freehold for the supervillain Leader.

Gallery[edit]

• 

  A panorama of Alcatraz as viewed from San Francisco Bay, facing east. Sather Tower and UC Berkeley are visible in the background on the right. (Drag image left and right to show full panorama.)

• 

  Different view of the Water Tower built in 1940.

• 

  Alcatraz Utility House and Power Plant Chimney, built in 1939.

• 

  School House (two story building in the middle) and the Electric Repair shop (foreground) built in 1930s.

• 

  Alcatraz, outside (2012)

• 

  Alcatraz, hallway (2013)

• 

  Views of both long sides of the island.

• 

  Alcatraz Island harbor guards tower.

• 

  Alcatraz Island view from the west. Image shot from an altitude of approximately 1,800 ft (549 m).

• 

  Alcatraz view from tour boat.

• 

  Basement of Alcatraz

See also[edit]

• Asinara
• Cellular Jail
• Château d’If
• Devil’s Island
• Fort Denison
• List of islands of California
• Robben Island
• San Lucas Island

References[edit]

Further reading[edit]

• Erwin N. Thompson. «The Rock: A history of Alcatraz Island, 1847–1972» (PDF). National Park Service. United States Department of Interior.
• The Rock (1915). «A Brief History of the Island of Alcatraz (continued in multiple issues)». The Rock. Improvement Fund, Pacific Branch United States Disciplinary Barracks, Alcatraz, California. 1 (January): 3.

• Official website
• AlcatrazHistory.com: Alcatraz History website – homepage
• Alcatraz Tour and Tickets
• American Devils Island Holds Toughest Prisoners – Popular Science (February 1935).
• Federal Bureau of Prisons.gov: «A Brief History of Alcatraz»
• California State Military Museum.org: The Post at Alcatraz Island
• 2012 KDRTradio.org: Interview with former Alcatraz convict Robert Luke
• Report on the 1962 Alcatraz escape incident – (from the FBI FOIA electronic reading room).
• Mapicurious.com: Map of Alcatraz – with marker pictures.
• Alcatraz: A Prison as Disneyland. Chris Hedges (December 2014).
• Alcatraz Island, Part of Golden Gate National Recreation Area, National Park Service at Google Cultural Institute

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Источник

alcatraz

1 Alcatraz

2 Alcatraz

3 Alcatraz

4 Alcatraz

См. также в других словарях:

Alcatraz — 37°49′37″N 122°25′23″O / 37.82694, 122.42306 … Wikipédia en Français

Alcatraz — Gewässer Bucht von San Francisco Geographische Lage … Deutsch Wikipedia

Alcatraz — hace referencia a varios artículos: Contenido 1 Aves 2 Plantas 3 Prisión 4 Música Aves A las aves marinas de la familia de los … Wikipedia Español

Alcatraz — (Gustavsfors,Швеция) Категория отеля: Адрес: Bruksvägen 10, 666 93 Gustavsfors, Швеция … Каталог отелей

Alcatraz — see ALBATROSS (Cf. albatross) … Etymology dictionary

alcatraz — s. m. 1. [Ornitologia] Ave palmípede a que alguns chamam albatroz. 2. Nome de várias espécies de pelicano. 3. [Informal] Aquele que conserta ossos deslocados. ‣ Etimologia: árabe al gattas, mergulhador, mergulhão … Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa

alcatraz — sustantivo masculino 1. (macho y hembra) Sula bassana. Ave palmípeda marina, generalmente blanca con manchas negras en el borde de sus largas alas y en la base del pico, que se lanza al agua desde gran altura para capturar peces … Diccionario Salamanca de la Lengua Española

Alcatraz — [al′kə traz΄] [after Sp Isla de Alcatraces, Island of Pelicans] small island in San Francisco Bay: site of a federal prison (1934 63) … English World dictionary

Alcatraz — I Alcatraz [ælkə træz], kleine Felseninsel in der San Francisco Bay, Kalifornien (USA). Von Spaniern entdeckt und Pelikaninsel (Isla de los Alcatraces) genannt; im 19. Jahrhundert errichtete die US Armee ein Fort, das zeitweilig als… … Universal-Lexikon

Alcatraz — ► sustantivo masculino 1 ZOOLOGÍA Ave marina grande, del grupo de los pelícanos que cría en islas rocosas y acantilados, y se lanza en picado sumergiéndose en busca de peces. (Sula bassana.) IRREG. plural alcatraces 2 Papel, cartón o barquillo… … Enciclopedia Universal

Источник

алькатрас

1 Алькатрас

См. также в других словарях:

Алькатрас — У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. Алькатрас (значения). Алькатрас англ. Alcatraz … Википедия

Алькатрас — (Alcatraz)Alcatraz, остров, скалистый о в в заливе Сан Франциско, Калифорния, США, названный в честь живущих здесь пеликанов (исп. alcatraces). В 1933–63гг. здесь находилась особо охраняемая федеральная тюрьма. С 1972г. о в стал частью… … Страны мира. Словарь

Алькатрас (телесериал) — У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. Алькатрас (значения). Алькатрас Alcatraz … Википедия

Алькатрас (значения) — Алькатрас (англ. Alcatraz): Алькатрас остров в заливе Сан Франциско. Алькатрас (телесериал) американский научно фантастический драматический телесериал … Википедия

Остров Алькатраз — Алькатрас Местонахождение Залив Сан Франциско Координаты 37.8266, 122.422839 … Википедия

Сан-Франциско — (San Francisco) История образования города Сан Франциско, географические характеристики Сан Франциско, культура Сан Франциско Землетрясение и пожар в Сан Франциско в 1906 году, география и климат Сан Франциско, кварталы и парки San Francisco,… … Энциклопедия инвестора

Crysis 2 — Обложка игры Разработчики … Википедия

Crysis: Legion — Crysis: Легион Crysis: Legion Концептуальная обложка романа, на переднем плане главный герой в нанокостюме … Википедия

Crysis. Легион — Crysis: Легион Crysis: Legion … Википедия

Источник

alcatraz

1 Алькатрас

См. также в других словарях:

Alcatraz — 37°49′37″N 122°25′23″O / 37.82694, 122.42306 … Wikipédia en Français

Alcatraz — Gewässer Bucht von San Francisco Geographische Lage … Deutsch Wikipedia

Alcatraz — hace referencia a varios artículos: Contenido 1 Aves 2 Plantas 3 Prisión 4 Música Aves A las aves marinas de la familia de los … Wikipedia Español

Alcatraz — (Gustavsfors,Швеция) Категория отеля: Адрес: Bruksvägen 10, 666 93 Gustavsfors, Швеция … Каталог отелей

Alcatraz — see ALBATROSS (Cf. albatross) … Etymology dictionary

alcatraz — s. m. 1. [Ornitologia] Ave palmípede a que alguns chamam albatroz. 2. Nome de várias espécies de pelicano. 3. [Informal] Aquele que conserta ossos deslocados. ‣ Etimologia: árabe al gattas, mergulhador, mergulhão … Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa

alcatraz — sustantivo masculino 1. (macho y hembra) Sula bassana. Ave palmípeda marina, generalmente blanca con manchas negras en el borde de sus largas alas y en la base del pico, que se lanza al agua desde gran altura para capturar peces … Diccionario Salamanca de la Lengua Española

Alcatraz — [al′kə traz΄] [after Sp Isla de Alcatraces, Island of Pelicans] small island in San Francisco Bay: site of a federal prison (1934 63) … English World dictionary

Alcatraz — I Alcatraz [ælkə træz], kleine Felseninsel in der San Francisco Bay, Kalifornien (USA). Von Spaniern entdeckt und Pelikaninsel (Isla de los Alcatraces) genannt; im 19. Jahrhundert errichtete die US Armee ein Fort, das zeitweilig als… … Universal-Lexikon

Alcatraz — ► sustantivo masculino 1 ZOOLOGÍA Ave marina grande, del grupo de los pelícanos que cría en islas rocosas y acantilados, y se lanza en picado sumergiéndose en busca de peces. (Sula bassana.) IRREG. plural alcatraces 2 Papel, cartón o barquillo… … Enciclopedia Universal

Источник

Алькатрас

1 Alcatraz

См. также в других словарях:

Алькатрас — У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. Алькатрас (значения). Алькатрас англ. Alcatraz … Википедия

Алькатрас — (Alcatraz)Alcatraz, остров, скалистый о в в заливе Сан Франциско, Калифорния, США, названный в честь живущих здесь пеликанов (исп. alcatraces). В 1933–63гг. здесь находилась особо охраняемая федеральная тюрьма. С 1972г. о в стал частью… … Страны мира. Словарь

Алькатрас (телесериал) — У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. Алькатрас (значения). Алькатрас Alcatraz … Википедия

Алькатрас (значения) — Алькатрас (англ. Alcatraz): Алькатрас остров в заливе Сан Франциско. Алькатрас (телесериал) американский научно фантастический драматический телесериал … Википедия

Остров Алькатраз — Алькатрас Местонахождение Залив Сан Франциско Координаты 37.8266, 122.422839 … Википедия

Сан-Франциско — (San Francisco) История образования города Сан Франциско, географические характеристики Сан Франциско, культура Сан Франциско Землетрясение и пожар в Сан Франциско в 1906 году, география и климат Сан Франциско, кварталы и парки San Francisco,… … Энциклопедия инвестора

Crysis 2 — Обложка игры Разработчики … Википедия

Crysis: Legion — Crysis: Легион Crysis: Legion Концептуальная обложка романа, на переднем плане главный герой в нанокостюме … Википедия

Crysis. Легион — Crysis: Легион Crysis: Legion … Википедия

Источник

Предложения со словом «алькатрас»

Алькатрас в очередной раз доказал, что является жемчужиной в короне пенитенциарной системы Америки.	Alcatraz proving itself to be once again the crown jewel of American penal sciences.
Алькатрас сотни раз переделывался.	Alcatraz has been ripped up and rebuilt for years.
Заключенных ведут дальше, дальше, в Алькатрас .	‘The prisoners are led off, off to Alcatraz .
21-го марта 1963 года тюрьма Алькатрас была официально закрыта из-за растущих затрат и обветшалости сооружений.	On March 21, 1963, Alcatraz officially closed due to rising costs and decrepit facilities.
Это крепость, из которой нельзя сбежать, как Алькатрас .	It’s an inescapable fort, like Alcatraz .
Я хочу, чтобы ты покинул Алькатрас , Рей.	I need you to leave Alcatraz , Ray.
Мы пойдем на остров Алькатрас захватим лекарство и разрушим его источник.	We shall go to Alcatraz Island, take control of the cure, and destroy its source.
Да, посетим рыбацкий причал, Алькатрас , фуникулёры.	Yeah, there’s Fisherman’s Wharf and Alcatraz and cable cars.
Алькатрас был официально закрыт из-за растущих затрат…	Alcatraz officially closed due to rising costs…
Он наиболее известен тем, что участвовал в попытке побега из тюрьмы Алькатрас в 1938 году, а также за нападение на Аль Капоне в тюремной прачечной 23 июня 1936 года.	He is best known for being part of an attempted escape from Alcatraz Penitentiary in 1938, and for attacking Al Capone in the prison’s laundry room on June 23, 1936.
В те годы, когда Алькатрас был федеральной тюрьмой, там постоянно не содержалось ни одного заключенного.	No inmates were permanently held there during the years Alcatraz was a federal penitentiary.
Они сбежали через вентиляционное отверстие в крыше и покинули Алькатрас .	They escaped through a vent in the roof and departed Alcatraz .
В подвале тюрьмы Алькатрас находились подземелья и душевые.	The basement of Alcatraz prison contained dungeons and the showers.
Кейн, наконец, захвачен, когда вертолет, в который он попадает, разбивается на острове Алькатрас .	Caine is finally captured when a helicopter he gets into crashes on Alcatraz Island.
В 1969 году он посетил американских студентов-активистов, оккупировавших остров Алькатрас в знак протеста, обещая оказать помощь.	In 1969, he visited with Native American student activists occupying Alcatraz Island in protest, promising to offer assistance.
Позже в том же году Сандерсон опубликовал детский роман Алькатрас против злых библиотекарей о мальчике по имени Алькатрас , обладавшем талантом ломать вещи.	Later that year, Sanderson published the children’s novel Alcatraz Versus the Evil Librarians, about a boy named Alcatraz with a talent for breaking things.
Алькатрас противостоит группе злых библиотекарей, которые стремятся захватить мир.	Alcatraz confronts a group of evil librarians who are bent on taking over the world.
В том же году была опубликована третья книга Алькатраса под названием Алькатрас против рыцарей Кристаллии.	In the same year, the third Alcatraz book was published, titled Alcatraz Versus the Knights of Crystallia.
Четвертый роман Алькатраса Алькатрас против разбитой линзы был опубликован месяц спустя, 1 декабря.	The fourth Alcatraz novel, Alcatraz Versus the Shattered Lens, was published a month later on December 1.
Дом начальника тюрьмы расположен в северо-восточной части Главного тюремного блока, рядом с маяком Алькатрас .	The Warden’s House is located at the northeastern end of the Main Cellblock, next to Alcatraz Lighthouse.
Электростанция расположена на северо-западном побережье острова Алькатрас .	The Power House is located on the northwest coast of Alcatraz Island.
Здание Model Industries — это трех-четырехэтажное здание на северо-западном углу острова Алькатрас .	The Model Industries Building is a three/four — story building on the northwest corner of Alcatraz Island.
Как часть тюрьмы Алькатрас , он проводил семинары для заключенных, чтобы работать.	As part of the Alcatraz jail, it held workshops for inmates to work in.
Туристы также посещают Пирс 39, который предлагает рестораны, магазины, развлечения, а также виды на залив, солнечные ванны тюленей и знаменитый остров Алькатрас .	Tourists also visit Pier 39, which offers dining, shopping, entertainment, and views of the bay, sun — bathing seals, and the famous Alcatraz Island.
В GGNRA также осуществляет Форт Фанстон, край земли, Форт Мейсон и Алькатрас .	The GGNRA also administers Fort Funston, Lands End, Fort Mason, and Alcatraz .
Несмотря на то, что он был известен как Европейский Алькатрас , в тюрьме было несколько успешных попыток побега.	Despite being known as Europe’s Alcatraz , there were a number of successful escape attempts at the Gaol.
В 1972 году Алькатрас стал частью национальной зоны отдыха Золотые ворота, а в 1986 году получил статус Национального исторического памятника.	In 1972, Alcatraz became part of Golden Gate National Recreation Area and received designation as a National Historic Landmark in 1986.
Во время войны форт Алькатрас использовался для заключения сторонников Конфедерации и каперов на западном побережье, но никогда не стрелял из своих пушек по врагу.	During the war, Fort Alcatraz was used to imprison Confederate sympathizers and privateers on the west coast, but never fired its guns at an enemy.
После землетрясения 1906 года в Сан-Франциско гражданские заключенные были переведены в Алькатрас для безопасного заключения.	After the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, civilian prisoners were transferred to Alcatraz for safe confinement.
21 марта 1907 года Алькатрас был официально назначен западной военной тюрьмой США, позже Тихоокеанским отделением, дисциплинарными казармами США, 1915 год.	On March 21, 1907, Alcatraz was officially designated as the Western U.S. Military Prison, later Pacific Branch, U.S. Disciplinary Barracks, 1915.
Алькатрас был создан для содержания заключенных, которые постоянно создавали проблемы в других федеральных тюрьмах.	Alcatraz was designed to hold prisoners who continuously caused trouble at other federal prisons.
Остров Алькатрас был впервые оккупирован активистами коренных американцев 8 марта 1964 года.	Alcatraz Island was occupied by Native American activists for the first time on March 8, 1964.
Для того чтобы этот план прошел, Конгресс должен был бы изъять Алькатрас из Службы национальных парков.	For the plan to pass, Congress would have to have taken Alcatraz out of the National Park Service.
Критики плана говорили, что Алькатрас слишком богат историей, чтобы его можно было уничтожить.	Critics of the plan said that Alcatraz is too rich in history to be destroyed.
6 февраля 2008 года предложение C Глобального центра мира на острове Алькатрас не было принято, и 72% избирателей отклонили это предложение.	On February 6, 2008, the Alcatraz Island Global Peace Center Proposition C failed to pass, with 72% of voters rejecting the proposition.
Согласно отчету за 2018 год, Алькатрас , одна из главных туристических достопримечательностей Сан-Франциско, ежегодно привлекает около 1,7 миллиона посетителей.	One of San Francisco’s major tourist attractions, Alcatraz drew some 1.7 million visitors annually according to a 2018 report.
В последнее время Алькатрас стал домом для нескольких художественных инсталляций.	Recently, Alcatraz has been home to several art installations.
Алькатрас также часто изображался как безопасное убежище или база операций во многих постапокалиптических фильмах, таких как Книга Илая.	Alcatraz has also been portrayed often as a safe haven or base of operations in many post — apocalyptic movies, such as The Book of Eli.
Алькатрас даже появляется в Алхимике и колдунье писателя Майкла Скотта и изображается как тюрьма для бессмертной Перенель Фламель.	Alcatraz even appears in The Alchemyst and The Sorceress by author Michael Scott and is depicted as a prison for the immortal Perenelle Flamel.
а также был показан в миссии в видеоигре Watch Dogs 2. Алькатрас также показан в виде загружаемой карты в видеоигре The Escapists.	and was also featured in a mission in the video game Watch Dogs 2. Alcatraz is also featured as a downloadable map in the video game The Escapists.
Пенитенциарное учреждение Соединенных Штатов на острове Алькатрас , открытое в 1934 году, считалось прототипом и ранним стандартом для тюрьмы супермакс.	The United States Penitentiary Alcatraz Island, opened in 1934, has been considered a prototype and early standard for a supermax prison.
Алькатрас был местом расположения форта с 1850-х годов; главное здание тюрьмы было построено в 1910-1912 годах как военная тюрьма армии Соединенных Штатов.	Alcatraz had been the site of a fort since the 1850s; the main prison building was built in 1910–1912 as a United States Army military prison.
Алькатрас использовался для содержания заключенных, которые постоянно создавали проблемы в других федеральных тюрьмах.	Alcatraz was used to hold prisoners who continually caused trouble at other federal prisons.
Столкнувшись с высокими эксплуатационными расходами и плохой репутацией, Алькатрас закрылся 21 марта 1963 года.	Faced with high maintenance costs and a poor reputation, Alcatraz closed on March 21, 1963.
Сегодня Алькатрас является общественным музеем и одной из главных туристических достопримечательностей Сан-Франциско, привлекая около 1,5 миллионов посетителей ежегодно.	Today, Alcatraz is a public museum and one of San Francisco’s major tourist attractions, attracting some 1.5 million visitors annually.
Главный тюремный дом был построен в сочетании с некоторыми частями цитадели форта Алькатрас , частично укрепленных казарм с 1859 года, которые стали использоваться в качестве тюрьмы.	The main cellhouse was built incorporating some parts of Fort Alcatraz’s citadel, a partially fortified barracks from 1859 that had come to be used as a jail.
Сотрудники Бюро тюрем прибыли на Алькатрас в начале февраля; среди них был исполняющий обязанности главного клерка Лоринг О. Миллс.	The Bureau of Prisons personnel arrived on Alcatraz in early February; among them was acting chief clerk Loring O. Mills.
Алькатрас приобрел дурную славу с момента своего основания как самая жесткая тюрьма в Америке, которую многие считают самой страшной тюрьмой мира того времени.	Alcatraz gained notoriety from its inception as the toughest prison in America, considered by many the world’s most fearsome prison of the day.
Янг был отправлен в Алькатрас за убийство в 1933 году, а позже был вовлечен в попытку побега, во время которой гангстер док Баркер был застрелен.	Young had been sent to Alcatraz for murder in 1933, and was later involved in an escape attempt during which the gangster Doc Barker was shot to death.
6 сентября 2016 года вышла пятая книга Алькатраса под названием Алькатрас против Темного таланта.	On September 6, 2016, the fifth Alcatraz book was published, called Alcatraz Versus the Dark Talent.
Серия Алькатрас следует за приключениями Алькатраса Смедри, когда он сопоставляет остроумие со злыми библиотекарями, склонными к краже душ.	The Alcatraz series follows the adventures of Alcatraz Smedry as he matches wits with evil librarians bent on stealing souls.
Он также известен как хорватский Алькатрас из-за своего расположения на острове и высокой безопасности.	It is also known as ‘Croatian Alcatraz ‘ because of its location on an island and high security.
Военные тюрьмы в Соединенных Штатах также были преобразованы в гражданские тюрьмы, включая остров Алькатрас .	Military prisons in the United States have also been converted to civilian prisons, to include Alcatraz Island.
Алькатрас был когда-то военной тюрьмой для солдат во время Гражданской войны в Америке.	Alcatraz was formerly a military prison for soldiers during the American Civil War.
Игрок берет на себя роль разведчика сил морской пехоты под названием Алькатрас .	The player assumes the role of a Force Recon Marine called Alcatraz .
CryNet Systems охотилась за пророком, чтобы получить костюм, непреднамеренно преследуя Алькатрас , полагая, что он Пророк.	CryNet Systems has been hunting Prophet to retrieve the suit, inadvertently pursuing Alcatraz , believing he is Prophet.
Веря, что Алькатрас-Пророк , Гулд вскоре связывается с Алькатрасом и просит его встретиться в лаборатории Гулда.	Believing Alcatraz is Prophet, Gould soon gets in contact with Alcatraz and asks him to meet up at Gould’s lab.
Однако силы ячейки, возглавляемые командующим Домиником Локхартом, нацелились и атаковали Алькатрас , считая его пророком.	However, CELL forces, led by Commander Dominic Lockhart, target and attack Alcatraz , believing him to be Prophet.
Алькатрас в конце концов встречается с Гулдом, который изначально настроен враждебно, узнав, что он не пророк.	Alcatraz eventually meets with Gould, who is initially hostile after learning that he is not Prophet.
Гулд и Алькатрас обязуются продолжить сканирование на базе Crynet на Уолл-Стрит.	Gould and Alcatraz commit to further scans at a Crynet base on Wall Street.