«Phoenix (web browser)» redirects here. For the early-1990s web browser developed at the University of Chicago, see Phoenix (tkWWW-based browser).
Firefox 100 on Windows 11 |
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Developer(s) | Mozilla Foundation and its contributors Mozilla Corporation |
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Initial release | November 9, 2004; 18 years ago | |||
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Written in | C++, JavaScript, HTML, C, Rust, and others[5][6] | |||
Engines | Gecko, Quantum, and SpiderMonkey | |||
Operating system | Linux macOS 10.12 or later Windows 7 or later Android 5.0 or later[7] iOS 13.0 or later |
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Included with | Various Unix-like operating systems | |||
Standard(s) | HTML5, CSS3, Atom | |||
Available in | 97 languages[8] | |||
Type | Web browser | |||
License | MPL 2.0[9][10] | |||
Website | www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/new/ |
Mozilla Firefox, or simply Firefox, is a free and open-source[11] web browser developed by the Mozilla Foundation and its subsidiary, the Mozilla Corporation. It uses the Gecko rendering engine to display web pages, which implements current and anticipated web standards.[12] In November 2017, Firefox began incorporating new technology under the code name «Quantum» to promote parallelism and a more intuitive user interface.[13] Firefox is available for Windows 7 and later versions, macOS, and Linux. Its unofficial ports are available for various Unix and Unix-like operating systems, including FreeBSD,[14] OpenBSD,[15] NetBSD,[16] illumos,[17] and Solaris Unix.[18] It is also available for Android and iOS. However, as with all other iOS web browsers, the iOS version uses the WebKit layout engine instead of Gecko due to platform requirements. An optimized version is also available on the Amazon Fire TV as one of the two main browsers available with Amazon’s Silk Browser.[19]
Firefox was created in 2002 under the code name «Phoenix» by members of the Mozilla community who desired a standalone browser rather than the Mozilla Application Suite bundle. During its beta phase, it proved to be popular with its testers and was praised for its speed, security, and add-ons compared to Microsoft’s then-dominant Internet Explorer 6. It was released on November 9, 2004,[20] and challenged Internet Explorer’s dominance with 60 million downloads within nine months.[21] It is the spiritual successor of Netscape Navigator, as the Mozilla community was created by Netscape in 1998, before their acquisition by AOL.[22]
Firefox usage share grew to a peak of 32.21% in November 2009,[23] with Firefox 3.5 overtaking Internet Explorer 7, although not all versions of Internet Explorer as a whole;[24][25] its usage then declined in competition with Google Chrome.[23] As of December 2022, according to StatCounter, it had a 7.1% usage share as a desktop web browser, making it the fourth-most popular desktop web browser after Google Chrome (66.1%), Microsoft Edge (11.2%), and Safari (9.6%).[26] Across all platforms, it again places fourth with a usage share of 3.04%.[27]
History[edit]
The project began as an experimental branch of the Mozilla project by Dave Hyatt, Joe Hewitt, and Blake Ross. They believed the commercial requirements of Netscape’s sponsorship and developer-driven feature creep compromised the utility of the Mozilla browser.[28] To combat what they saw as the Mozilla Suite’s software bloat, they created a standalone browser, with which they intended to replace the Mozilla Suite.[29] Version 0.1 was released on September 23, 2002.[30] On April 3, 2003, the Mozilla Organization announced that it planned to change its focus from the Mozilla Suite to Firefox and Thunderbird.[31]
The Firefox project has undergone several name changes.[32] The nascent browser was originally named Phoenix, after the mythical bird that rose triumphantly from the ashes of its dead predecessor (in this case, from the «ashes» of Netscape Navigator, after it was sidelined by Microsoft Internet Explorer in the «First Browser War»). Phoenix was renamed in 2003 due to a trademark claim from Phoenix Technologies. The replacement name, Firebird, provoked an intense response from the Firebird database software project.[33][34] The Mozilla Foundation reassured them that the browser would always bear the name Mozilla Firebird to avoid confusion. After further pressure, Mozilla Firebird became Mozilla Firefox on February 9, 2004.[35] The name Firefox was said to be derived from a nickname of the red panda,[36] which became the mascot for the newly named project.[37] For the abbreviation of Firefox, Mozilla prefers Fx or fx, although it is often abbreviated as FF.[38]
The Firefox project went through many versions before version 1.0 and had already gained a great deal of acclaim from numerous media outlets, such as Forbes[39] and The Wall Street Journal.[40] Among Firefox’s popular features were the integrated pop-up blocker, tabbed browsing, and an extension mechanism for adding functionality. Although these features have already been available for some time in other browsers such as the Mozilla Suite and Opera, Firefox was the first of these browsers to have achieved large-scale adoption.[citation needed] Firefox attracted attention as an alternative to Internet Explorer, which had come under fire for its alleged poor program design and insecurity—detractors cite IE’s lack of support for certain Web standards, use of the potentially dangerous ActiveX component, and vulnerability to spyware and malware installation.[citation needed] Microsoft responded by releasing Windows XP Service Pack 2, which added several important security features to Internet Explorer 6.[41]
Version 1.0 of Firefox was released on November 9, 2004.[42] This was followed by version 1.5 in November 2005, version 2.0 in October 2006, version 3.0 in June 2008, version 3.5 in June 2009, version 3.6 in January 2010, and version 4.0 in March 2011. From version 5 onwards, the development and release model changed into a «rapid» one; by the end of 2011 the stable release was version 9, and by the end of 2012 it reached version 17.[43]
Major redesigns of its graphical user interface occurred on versions 4.0 in March 2011, 29.0 «Australis» in April 2014, 57.0 «Quantum» in November 2017, and 89.0 «Proton» in June 2021.
In 2016, Mozilla announced a project known as Quantum, which sought to improve Firefox’s Gecko engine and other components to improve the browser’s performance, modernize its architecture, and transition the browser to a multi-process model. These improvements came in the wake of decreasing market share to Google Chrome, as well as concerns that its performance was lapsing in comparison. Despite its improvements, these changes required existing add-ons for Firefox to be made incompatible with newer versions, in favor of a new extension system that is designed to be similar to Chrome and other recent browsers. Firefox 57, which was released in November 2017, was the first version to contain enhancements from Quantum, and has thus been named Firefox Quantum. A Mozilla executive stated that Quantum was the «biggest update» to the browser since version 1.0.[44][45][46] Unresponsive and crashing pages only affect other pages loaded within the same process. While Chrome uses separate processes for each loaded tab, Firefox distributes tabs over four processes by default since Quantum in order to balance memory consumption and performance. The process count can be adjusted, where more processes increase performance at the cost of memory, therefore suitable for computers with larger RAM capacity.[47][48]
On May 3, 2019, the expiration of an intermediate signing certificate on Mozilla servers caused Firefox to automatically disable and lock all browser extensions (add-ons).[49][50] Mozilla began the roll-out of a fix shortly thereafter, using their Mozilla Studies component.[49][50]
On January 13, 2022, an issue with Firefox’s HTTP/3 implementation resulted in a widespread outage for multiple hours.[51]
Features[edit]
Features of the desktop edition include tabbed browsing, full-screen mode, spell checking, incremental search, smart bookmarks, bookmarking and downloading through drag and drop,[52][53] a download manager, user profile management,[54] private browsing, bookmark tags, bookmark exporting,[55] offline mode,[56] a screenshot tool, web development tools, a «page info» feature which shows a list of page metadata and multimedia items,[57] a sophisticated configuration menu at about:config
for power users, and more location-aware browsing (also known as «geolocation») based on a Google service.[58] Firefox has an integrated search system which uses Google by default in most markets but an update for American users in 2021 made it start including paid promotions by default in its suggestions.[59][60] DNS over HTTPS is another feature whose default behaviour is determined geographically.[61]
Firefox provides an environment for web developers in which they can use built-in tools, such as the Error Console or the DOM Inspector, and extensions, such as Firebug and more recently there has been an integration feature with Pocket. Firefox Hello was an implementation of WebRTC, added in October 2014, which allows users of Firefox and other compatible systems to have a video call, with the extra feature of screen and file sharing by sending a link to each other. Firefox Hello was scheduled to be removed in September 2016.[62]
Former features include a File Transfer Protocol (FTP) client for browsing file servers, the ability to block images from individual domains (until version 72),[63] a 3D page inspector (versions 11 to 46), tab grouping (until version 44), and the ability to add customized extra toolbars (until version 28).[64][65][66]
Browser extensions[edit]
Functions can be added through add-ons created by third-party developers. Add-ons are primarily coded using an HTML, CSS, JavaScript, with API known as WebExtensions, which is designed to be compatible with Google Chrome and Microsoft Edge extension systems.[67] Firefox previously supported add-ons using the XUL and XPCOM APIs, which allowed them to directly access and manipulate much of the browser’s internal functionality. As compatibility was not included in the multi-process architecture, XUL add-ons have been deemed Legacy add-ons and are no longer supported on Firefox 57 «Quantum» and newer.[68][69]
Mozilla has occasionally installed extensions for users without their permission. This happened in 2017 when an extension designed to promote the show Mr Robot was silently added in an update to Firefox.[70][71]
Themes[edit]
Firefox can have themes added to it, which users can create or download from third parties to change the appearance of the browser.[72][73]
Guest session[edit]
In 2013, Firefox for Android added a guest session mode, which wiped browsing data such as tabs, cookies, and history at the end of each guest session. Guest session data was kept even when restarting the browser or device, and deleted only upon a manual exit. The feature was removed in 2019, purportedly to «streamline the experience«.[74][75]
Standards[edit]
The result of the Acid3 test on Firefox 17
Firefox implements many web standards, including HTML4 (almost full HTML5), XML, XHTML, MathML, SVG 1.1 (full),[76] SVG 2 (partial),[77][78] CSS (with extensions),[79] ECMAScript (JavaScript), DOM, XSLT, XPath, and APNG (Animated PNG) images with alpha transparency.[80] Firefox also implements standards proposals created by the WHATWG such as client-side storage,[81][82] and the canvas element.[83] These standards are implemented through the Gecko layout engine, and SpiderMonkey JavaScript engine. Firefox 4 was the first release to introduce significant HTML5 and CSS3 support.
Firefox has passed the Acid2 standards-compliance test since version 3.0.[84] Mozilla had originally stated that they did not intend for Firefox to pass the Acid3 test fully because they believed that the SVG fonts part of the test had become outdated and irrelevant, due to WOFF being agreed upon as a standard by all major browser makers.[85] Because the SVG font tests were removed from the Acid3 test in September 2011, Firefox 4 and greater scored 100/100.[86][87]
Firefox also implements «Safe Browsing,»[88] a proprietary protocol[89] from Google used to exchange data related with phishing and malware protection.
Since version 38 on Windows Vista and newer, Firefox supports the playback of video content protected by HTML5 Encrypted Media Extensions (EME). For security and privacy reasons, EME is implemented within a wrapper of open-source code that allows execution of a proprietary DRM module by Adobe Systems—Adobe Primetime Content Decryption Module (CDM). CDM runs within a «sandbox» environment to limit its access to the system and provide it a randomized device ID to prevent services from uniquely identifying the device for tracking purposes. The DRM module, once it has been downloaded, is enabled, and disabled in the same manner as other plug-ins. Since version 47,[90] «Google’s Widevine CDM on Windows and Mac OS X so streaming services like Amazon Video can switch from Silverlight to encrypted HTML5 video» is also supported. Mozilla justified its partnership with Adobe and Google by stating:
Firefox downloads and enables the Adobe Primetime and Google Widevine CDMs by default to give users a smooth experience on sites that require DRM. Each CDM runs in a separate container called a sandbox and you will be notified when a CDM is in use. You can also disable each CDM and opt-out of future updates
— Watch DRM content on Firefox[91]
and that it is «an important step on Mozilla’s roadmap to remove NPAPI plugin support.»[92] Upon the introduction of EME support, builds of Firefox on Windows were also introduced that exclude support for EME.[93][94] The Free Software Foundation and Cory Doctorow condemned Mozilla’s decision to support EME.[95]
Security[edit]
Firefox allowed for a sandbox security model to manage privileges accorded to JavaScript code, but that feature has since been deprecated.[96] It limits scripts from accessing data from other websites based on the same-origin policy.[97] It also provides support for smart cards to web applications, for authentication purposes.[98] It uses TLS to protect communications with web servers using strong cryptography when using the HTTPS protocol.[99] The freely available HTTPS Everywhere add-on enforces HTTPS, even if a regular HTTP URL is entered. Firefox now supports HTTP/2.[100]
The Mozilla Foundation offers a «bug bounty» (US$3,000 to US$7,500 cash reward) to researchers who discover severe security holes in Firefox.[101] Official guidelines for handling security vulnerabilities discourage early disclosure of vulnerabilities so as not to give potential attackers an advantage in creating exploits.[102]
Because Firefox generally has fewer publicly known security vulnerabilities than Internet Explorer (see Comparison of web browsers), improved security is often cited as a reason to switch from Internet Explorer to Firefox.[103][104][105][106] The Washington Post reported that exploit code for known critical security vulnerabilities in Internet Explorer was available for 284 days in 2006. In comparison, exploit code for known, critical security vulnerabilities in Firefox was available for nine days before Mozilla issued a patch to remedy the problem.[107]
A 2006 Symantec study showed that, although Firefox had surpassed other browsers in the number of vendor-confirmed vulnerabilities that year through September, these vulnerabilities were patched far more quickly than those found in other browsers, with Firefox’s vulnerabilities being fixed on average one day after the exploit code was made available, as compared to nine days for Internet Explorer.[108] Symantec later clarified their statement, saying that Firefox still had fewer security vulnerabilities than Internet Explorer, as counted by security researchers.[109]
In October 2009, Microsoft’s security engineers acknowledged that Firefox was vulnerable to a security issue found in the ‘Windows Presentation Foundation’ browser plug-in since February of that year. A .NET Framework 3.5 SP1 Windows Update had silently installed the vulnerable plug-in into Firefox.[110] This vulnerability has since been patched by Microsoft.[111]
In 2010, a study of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), based on data compiled from the National Vulnerability Database (NVD), Firefox was listed as the fifth-most vulnerable desktop software, with Internet Explorer as the eighth, and Google Chrome as the first.[112]
InfoWorld has cited security experts saying that, as Firefox becomes more popular, more vulnerabilities will be found,[113] a claim that Mitchell Baker, president of the Mozilla Foundation, has denied. «There is this idea that market share alone will make you have more vulnerabilities. It is not relational at all,» she said.[114]
As of February 11, 2011, Firefox 3.6 had no known unpatched security vulnerabilities according to Secunia.[115] Internet Explorer 8 had five unpatched security vulnerabilities; the worst being rated «Less Critical» by Secunia.[116] Mozilla claims that all patched vulnerabilities of Mozilla products are publicly listed.[117]
Firefox 11, released in January 2012, introduced a 3D page inspector that visualizes web pages’ document object model three-dimensionally through WebGL. The feature was accessible from the developer tools.[118]
On January 28, 2013, Mozilla was recognized as the most trusted internet company for privacy in 2012.[119] This study was performed by the Ponemon Institute and was a result of a survey from more than 100,000 consumers in the United States.
In February 2013, plans were announced for Firefox 22 to disable third-party cookies by default. However, the introduction of the feature was then delayed so Mozilla developers could «collect and analyze data on the effect of blocking some third-party cookies.» Mozilla also collaborated with Stanford University’s «Cookie Clearinghouse» project to develop a blacklist and whitelist of sites that will be used in the filter.[120][121]
Version 23, released in August 2013, followed the lead of its competitors by blocking iframe, stylesheet, and script resources served from non-HTTPS servers embedded on HTTPS pages by default. Additionally, JavaScript could also no longer be disabled through Firefox’s preferences, and JavaScript was automatically re-enabled for users who upgraded to 23 or higher with it disabled. The change was made due to its use across the majority of websites, the potential repercussions on inexperienced users who are unaware of its impact, along with the availability of extensions such as NoScript, which can disable JavaScript in a more controlled fashion. The following release added the ability to disable JavaScript through the developer tools for testing purposes.[122][123][124]
In January 2015, TorrentFreak reported that using Firefox when connected to the internet using a VPN can be a serious security issue due to the browser’s support for WebRTC.[125]
Beginning with Firefox 48, all extensions must be signed by Mozilla to be used in release and beta versions of Firefox. Firefox 43 blocked unsigned extensions but allowed enforcement of extension signing to be disabled. All extensions must be submitted to Mozilla Add-ons and be subject to code analysis in order to be signed, although extensions do not have to be listed on the service to be signed.[126][127] On May 2, 2019, Mozilla announced that it would be strengthening the signature enforcement with methods that included the retroactive disabling of old extensions now deemed to be insecure. A Firefox update on May 3 led to bug reports about all extensions being disabled. This was found to be the result of an overlooked certificate and not the policy change set to go into effect on June 10.[128]
In Firefox versions prior to 7.0, an information bar appears on the browser’s first start asking users whether they would like to send performance statistics, or «telemetry», to Mozilla. It is enabled by default in development versions of Firefox, but not in release versions.[129] According to Mozilla’s privacy policy,[130] these statistics are stored only in aggregate format, and the only personally identifiable information transmitted is the user’s IP address.
In November 2018, Firefox began using a sandbox to isolate web tabs from each other and from the rest of the system. Its lack of such a feature had previously earned it negative comparisons with Google Chrome and Microsoft Edge.[131][132]
Since version 60 Firefox includes the option to use DNS over HTTPS (DoH), which causes DNS lookup requests to be sent encrypted over the HTTPS protocol. To use this feature the user must set certain preferences beginning with «network.trr» (Trusted Recursive Resolver) in about:config: if network.trr.mode is 0, DoH is disabled; 1 activates DoH in addition to unencrypted DNS; 2 causes DoH to be used before unencrypted DNS; to use only DoH, the value must be 3. By setting network.trr.uri to the URL 1.1.1.1[permanent dead link], special Cloudflare servers will be activated.[133][134] Mozilla has a privacy agreement with this server host that restricts their collection of information about incoming DNS requests.[135]
On May 21, 2019, Firefox was updated to include the ability to block scripts that used a computer’s CPU to mine cryptocurrency without a user’s permission, in Firefox version 67.0. The update also allowed users to block known fingerprinting scripts that track their activity across the web, however it does not resist fingerprinting on its own.[136]
On July 2, 2019, Mozilla introduced a mechanism to allow Firefox to automatically trust OS-installed certificates to prevent TLS errors.[137]
In October 2019, ZDNet reported Firefox version 68 ESR passed all minimum requirements for mandatory security features during an exam by the Federal Office for Information Security of Germany.[138]
In Mozilla Foundation Security Advisory 2020–03, the company reported that the CVE-2019-17026 vulnerability (type confusion vulnerability in IonMonkey) had been detected in the wild and was being actively exploited.[139][140]
In March 2021, Firefox launched SmartBlock in version 87 to offer protection against cross-site tracking, without breaking the websites users visit.[141] Also known as state partitioning or «total cookie protection», works via a feature in the browser that isolates data from each site visited by the user to ensure that cross-site scripting is very difficult if not impossible. The feature also isolates local storage, service workers and other common ways for sites to store data.[142]
Localizations[edit]
Firefox is a widely localized web browser. The first official release in November 2004 was available in 24 different languages and for 28 locales, including British English, American English, European Spanish, Argentine Spanish, Chinese in Traditional Chinese characters and Simplified Chinese characters and in Bengali script.[143] As of January 2023, currently supported versions 108.0.2 and 102.6.0esr are available in 97 locales (88 languages).[8]
Platform availability[edit]
The desktop version of Firefox is available and supports Microsoft Windows, macOS, and Linux, while Firefox for Android is available for Android (formerly Firefox for mobile, it also ran on Maemo, MeeGo and Firefox OS) and Firefox for iOS is available for iOS. Smartphones that support Linux but don’t support Android or iOS apps can also run Firefox in its desktop version, for example using postmarketOS.
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Operating system | Latest stable version | Support status | |
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Windows | 10 Fall Creators Update and later | 108.0.2 (ARM64)[1] | 2019– |
102.6.0esr (ARM64)[2] | |||
7 and later, Server 2008 R2 and later | 108.0.2 (x64)[1] | 2009– | |
102.6.0esr (x64)[2] | |||
108.0.2 (IA-32)[1] | |||
102.6.0esr (IA-32)[2] | |||
XP SP2+, Vista, Server 2003 SP1+ & R2 and Server 2008 |
52.9.0esr (IA-32)[144] | 2004–2018 | |
52.0.2 (IA-32)[145][146] | 2004–2017 | ||
2000, XP RTM & SP1 and Server 2003 RTM |
10.0.12esr[147] | 2004–2013 | |
12.0[148][149][150] | 2004–2012 | ||
NT 4.0 (IA-32), 98 and Me | 2.0.0.20[151] | 2004–2008 | |
95 | 1.5.0.12 | 2004–2007 | |
macOS | 10.12 (x64)/11 (ARM64) and later | 108.0.2[1] [152] | 2016– (x64) 2020– (ARM64) |
102.6.0esr[2] | |||
10.9–10.11 | 78.15.0esr[153] | 2013–2021 | |
78.0.2[154][155] | 2013–2020 | ||
10.6–10.8 | 45.9.0esr[156] | 2009–2017 | |
48.0.2[157][158][159][160] | 2009–2016 | ||
10.5 (IA-32 and x64) | 10.0.12esr[147] | 2007–2013 | |
16.0.2[161] | 2007–2012 | ||
10.4 (IA-32 and PPC)–10.5 (PPC) | 3.6.28[162] | 2005–2012 | |
10.2–10.3 | 2.0.0.20[151] | 2004–2008 | |
10.0–10.1 | 1.0.8 | 2004–2006 | |
Linux desktop | 108.0.2 (x64)[1] | 2011– | |
102.6.0esr (x64)[2] | |||
108.0.2 (IA-32)[1] | 2004– | ||
102.6.0esr (IA-32)[2] |
Legend:
Old version
Older version, still maintained
Latest version
Notes
- In March 2014, the Windows Store app version of Firefox was cancelled, although there is a beta release.[163]
- SSE2 instruction set support is required for 49.0 and later for Windows and 53.0 and later for Linux, IA-32 support only applies to superscalar processors.
Firefox source code may be compiled for various operating systems; however, officially distributed binaries are provided for the following:
Requirement | Microsoft Windows | Linux desktop | macOS | Android[165] | iOS |
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CPU | Pentium 4 or newer with SSE2[166] (or ARM64 for Windows[167]) | Any x86-64 and ARM64 CPU[166] | ARMv7, ARM64, IA-32 and x64[166] | ARM64 | |
Memory (RAM) | 512 MB for the 32-bit version and 2 GB for the 64-bit version | 384 MB | ? | ||
Data storage device free space | 200 MB | 80 MB | ? | ||
Operating system | Windows 7 or later Server 2008 R2 or later[164] |
|
macOS 10.12 or newer | 5.0 or newer[7] | iOS 13 or later[168] |
Microsoft Windows[edit]
Firefox 1.0 was released for Windows 9x, as well as Windows NT 4.0 and later. Some users reported the 1.x builds were operable (but not installable) on Windows NT 3.51.[169]
The version 42.0 release includes the first x64 build. It requires Windows 7 and Server 2008 R2.[170] Starting from version 49.0, Firefox for Windows requires and uses the SSE2 instruction set.
In September 2013, Mozilla released a Metro-style version of Firefox, optimized for touchscreen use, on the «Aurora» release channel. However, on March 14, 2014, Mozilla cancelled the project because of a lack of user adoption.[171][172][173]
In April 2017, users of Firefox 52.0.2 on Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2003 and Windows Server 2008 who had automatic updates enabled were migrated to Firefox 52 ESR. Support for these operating systems ended in June 2018.[174]
Traditionally, installing the Windows version of Firefox entails visiting the Firefox website and downloading an installer package, depending on the desired localization and system architecture. In November 2021, Mozilla made Firefox available on Microsoft Store. The Store-distributed package does not interfere with the traditional installation.[175][176]
macOS[edit]
The first official release (Firefox version 1.0) supported macOS (then called Mac OS X) on the PowerPC architecture. Mac OS X builds for the IA-32 architecture became available via a universal binary which debuted with Firefox 1.5.0.2 in 2006.
Starting with version 4.0, Firefox was released for the x64 architecture to which macOS had migrated.[177] Version 4.0 also dropped support for PowerPC architecture, although other projects continued development of a PowerPC version of Firefox.[178]
Firefox was originally released for Mac OS X 10.0 and higher.[179] The minimum OS then increased to Mac OS X 10.2 in Firefox 1.5 and 10.4 in Firefox 3.[180][181] Firefox 4 dropped support for Mac OS X 10.4 and PowerPC Macs, and Firefox 17 dropped support for Mac OS X 10.5 entirely.[182][183] The system requirements were left unchanged until 2016, when Firefox 49 dropped support for Mac OS X 10.6–10.8.[184][185] Most recently, Mozilla ended support for OS X 10.9–10.11 in Firefox 79, with those users being supported on the Firefox 78 ESR branch until November 2021.[186][187][188]
Linux[edit]
Opening Wikipedia main page with Mozilla Firefox 99 on Ubuntu 20.04
Since its inception, Firefox for Linux supported the 32-bit memory architecture of the IA-32 instruction set. 64-bit builds were introduced in the 4.0 release.[177] The 46.0 release replaced GTK 2.18 with 3.4 as a system requirement on Linux and other systems running X.Org.[189] Starting with 53.0, the 32-bit builds require the SSE2 instruction set. Firefox also can run on number of other architectures on Linux, including ARM, AArch64, PowerPC, POWER, Sparc, HPPA, MIPS, s390, and in the past Alpha, IA-64 (Intel Itanium) and m68k.
Firefox for mobile[edit]
Firefox for mobile is a web browser for mobile phones, tablets, and PDAs. It was originally first released for the Nokia Maemo operating system, specifically the Nokia N900, on January 28, 2010.[190] On September 30, 2010, new releases of the browser jumped from version 2 to 4 to reflect integration of the desktop browser’s rendering engine.[191] On March 29, 2011, Firefox 4 for Android was released.[192] Version 7 was the last release for Maemo on the N900.[193]
The former Firefox for Android (codenamed Fennec), was a web browser for Android devices, such as mobile phones and tablets. Its user interface was optimized for small screens and tablets. It included the Awesome Bar, tabbed browsing, add-on support, a password manager, location-aware browsing, and the ability to synchronize with the user’s other devices with Mozilla Firefox using Firefox Sync.[194] It was criticized for being slow,[195] however, in part due to its poor port of Gecko.[196] At the end of its existence, it had a market share of 0.5% on Android.[197]
In April 2013, then-Mozilla CEO Gary Kovacs said that Firefox would not come to iOS if Apple required the use of the WebKit layout engine to do so. One reason given by Mozilla was that prior to iOS 8, Apple had supplied third-party browsers with an inferior version of their JavaScript engine which hobbled their performance, making it impossible to match Safari’s JavaScript performance on the iOS platform.[198] Apple later opened their «Nitro» JavaScript engine to third-party browsers.[199] In 2015, Mozilla announced it was moving forward with Firefox for iOS, with a preview release made available in New Zealand in September of that year.[200][201][202] It fully released in November later that year.[203] In November 2016, Firefox released a new iOS app titled Firefox Focus, a private web browser.[204]
In August 2020, Mozilla launched a new version of its Firefox for Android app, named Firefox Daylight to the public[205] and codenamed Fenix,[206] after a little over a year of testing.[196] It boasted higher speeds with its new GeckoView engine, which is described as being «the only independent web engine browser available on Android». It also added Enhanced Tracking Protection 2.0, a feature that blocks many known trackers on the Internet.[207] It also added the ability to place the address bar on the bottom, and a new Collections feature.[205] However, it was criticized for only having nine Add-ons at launch, and missing certain features.[208][209][210] In response, Mozilla stated that they will allow more Add-ons with time.[211]
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Operating system | Latest stable version | Support status | |
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Android (including Android-x86) |
5.0 and later | 108.1.1 (x64)[212] | 2018– |
108.1.1 (ARM64)[212] | 2017– | ||
108.1.1 (IA-32 and ARMv7)[212] | 2014– | ||
4.1–4.4 | 68.11.0 (x64)[213] | 2018–2020 | |
68.11.0 (IA-32) | 2013–2020 | ||
68.11.0 (ARMv7) | 2012–2020 | ||
4.0 | 55.0.2 (IA-32)[214][215] | 2013–2017 | |
55.0.2 (ARMv7) | 2011–2017 | ||
3.0–3.2 | 45.0.2 (ARMv7)[214] | 2011–2016 | |
2.3 | 47.0 (ARMv7)[214][216] | ||
2.2–4.3 | 31.3.0esr (ARMv6) | 2012–2015 | |
2.2 | 31.0 (ARMv7)[217] | 2011–2014 | |
2.1 | 19.0.2 (ARMv6) | 2012–2013 | |
19.0.2 (ARMv7) | 2011–2013 | ||
2.0 | 6.0.2 (ARMv7) | 2011 | |
Firefox OS | 2.2 | 35/36/37 | 2015 |
2.1 | 33/34 | 2014–2015 | |
2.0 | 31/32 | ||
Maemo | 7.0.1 | 2010–2011 |
Legend:
Old version
Older version, still maintained
Latest version
- Notes
- Firefox for iOS is not listed in this table as its version numbers would be misleading; it uses version numbers that do not correspond to any of the other Firefox versions. Those share a core component, the Gecko rendering engine, and track its version numbers, whereas the version for the iOS operating system uses the operating system’s rendering engine (WebKit), rather than Mozilla’s (Gecko).
Firefox Reality (AR/VR)[edit]
Firefox Reality was released for Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality headsets in September 2018.[218] It supports traditional web-browsing through 2D windows and immersive VR pages through Web VR. Firefox Reality is available on HTC Vive, Oculus, Google Daydream and Microsoft Hololens headsets. In February 2022 Mozilla announced that Igalia took over stewardship of this project under the new name of Wolvic. [219]
Unofficial ports[edit]
Firefox has also been ported to FreeBSD,[220] NetBSD,[221] OpenBSD,[222] OpenIndiana,[223] OS/2,[224] ArcaOS,[225] SkyOS, RISC OS[226] and BeOS/Haiku,[227][228][229][230] and an unofficial rebranded version called Timberwolf has been available for AmigaOS 4.[231] An unofficial continuation of the Mac OS X PowerPC release was actively developed as TenFourFox until October 5, 2021.[232]
The Firefox port for OpenBSD is maintained by Landry Breuil since 2010. Firefox is regularly built for the current branch of the operating system, the latest versions are packaged for each release and remain frozen until the next release. In 2017, Landry began hosting packages of newer Firefox versions for OpenBSD releases from 6.0 onwards, making them available to installations without the ports system.[233]
The Solaris port of Firefox (including OpenSolaris) was maintained by the Oracle Solaris Desktop Beijing Team,[234][235] until March 2017 when the team was disbanded.[citation needed] There was also an unofficial port of Firefox 3.6.x to IBM AIX[236][237] and of v1.7.x to UnixWare.[238]
- view
- talk
- edit
Operating system | Latest stable version | Support status | |
---|---|---|---|
Solaris | 11 | 102.6.0esr (x64,SPARC V9) | 2011– |
10 and OpenSolaris | 52.9.0esr (IA-32,x64,SPARC V9) | 2005–2018 | |
8–9 | 2.0.0.20 (IA-32 and SPARC V9) | 2004–2008 | |
HP-UX | 11i v2–v3 | 3.5.9 (IA-64,PA-RISC) | N/A |
OpenBSD | -current | 108.0.1 (x64,ARM64) | 2019– |
102.6.0esr (x64,ARM64) | |||
88.0.1 (IA-32) | 2019–2021 | ||
78.14.0esr (IA-32) | |||
-stable | 7.2 | 108.0.1 (x64,ARM64) | 2022– |
102.6.0esr (x64,ARM64) | 2022– | ||
6.9 | 88.0.1 (IA-32) | 2021 | |
78.14.0esr (IA-32) | |||
5.8 | 38.7.1esr (PPC) | 2015–2016 | |
5.7 | 31.6.0esr (SPARC V9) | 2015 | |
-release | 5.8 | 39.0.3 (PPC) | |
5.4 | 3.6.28 (Alpha) | ||
4.7 | 3.0.18 (ARMv7) |
Legend:
Old version
Older version, still maintained
Latest version
Experimental builds and ESR[edit]
Besides official releases, Mozilla provides development builds of Firefox in distribution channels named, in order of most to least stable, «Beta», «Developer Edition» (formerly «Aurora», renamed on November 10, 2014[239][240]), and «Nightly».[241] Starting from Firefox 54, «Developer Edition» is based on the «Beta» build.[242]
Firefox ESR (Extended Support Release) is a version of Firefox for organizations and other groups that need extended support for mass deployments. Each ESR release, based on the regular version released at the same time, is supported for one year.[243] Unlike the regular («rapid») releases, ESRs are not updated with new features and performance enhancements every four weeks, but rather are updated with only high-risk-reduction or high-impact security fixes or major stability fixes with point releases, until the end of the ESR cycle.[244]
Licensing[edit]
Firefox source code is free software, with most of it being released under the Mozilla Public License (MPL) version 2.0.[10] This license permits anyone to view, modify, or redistribute the source code. As a result, several publicly released applications have been built from it, such as Netscape, Flock, Miro, GNU IceCat, Iceweasel, Songbird, Pale Moon, Waterfox, and Comodo IceDragon.[citation needed]
In the past, Firefox was licensed solely under the MPL, then version 1.1,[245] which the Free Software Foundation criticized for being weak copyleft, as the license permitted, in limited ways, proprietary derivative works. Additionally, code only licensed under MPL 1.1 could not legally be linked with code under the GPL.[246][247] To address these concerns, Mozilla re-licensed most of Firefox under the tri-license scheme of MPL 1.1, GPL 2.0, or LGPL 2.1. Since the re-licensing, developers were free to choose the license under which they received most of the code, to suit their intended use: GPL or LGPL linking and derivative works when one of those licenses is chosen, or MPL use (including the possibility of proprietary derivative works) if they chose the MPL.[245] However, on January 3, 2012, Mozilla released the GPL-compatible MPL 2.0,[248] and with the release of Firefox 13 on June 5, 2012, Mozilla used it to replace the tri-licensing scheme.[249]
The crash reporting service was initially closed-source but switched with version 3 from a program called Talkback to the open-source Breakpad (and Socorro server).[citation needed]
Trademark and logo[edit]
The name «Mozilla Firefox» is a registered trademark; along with the official Firefox logo, it may only be used under certain terms and conditions. Anyone may redistribute the official binaries in unmodified form and use the Firefox name and branding for such distribution, but restrictions are placed on distributions which modify the underlying source code.[250] The name «Firefox» derives from a nickname of the red panda.[37]
Mozilla has placed the Firefox logo files under open-source licenses,[251][252] but its trademark guidelines do not allow displaying altered[253] or similar logos[254] in contexts where trademark law applies.[citation needed]
There has been some controversy over the Mozilla Foundation’s intentions in stopping certain open-source distributions from using the «Firefox» trademark.[11] Open-source browsers «enable greater choice and innovation in the market rather than aiming for mass-market domination.»[255] Mozilla Foundation Chairperson Mitchell Baker explained in an interview in 2007 that distributions could freely use the Firefox trademark if they did not modify source code, and that the Mozilla Foundation’s only concern was with users getting a consistent experience when they used «Firefox».[256]
To allow distributions of the code without using the official branding, the Firefox build system contains a «branding switch». This switch, often used for alphas («Auroras») of future Firefox versions, allows the code to be compiled without the official logo and name and can allow a derivative work unencumbered by restrictions on the Firefox trademark to be produced. In the unbranded build, the trademarked logo and name are replaced with a freely distributable generic globe logo and the name of the release series from which the modified version was derived.[citation needed]
Distributing modified versions of Firefox under the «Firefox» name required explicit approval from Mozilla for the changes made to the underlying code, and required the use of all of the official branding. For example, it was not permissible to use the name «Firefox» without also using the official logo. When the Debian project decided to stop using the official Firefox logo in 2006 (because Mozilla’s copyright restrictions at the time were incompatible with Debian’s guidelines), they were told by a representative of the Mozilla Foundation that this was not acceptable and was asked either to comply with the published trademark guidelines or cease using the «Firefox» name in their distribution.[257] Debian switched to branding their modified version of Firefox «Iceweasel» (but in 2016 switched back to Firefox), along with other Mozilla software. GNU IceCat is another derived version of Firefox distributed by the GNU Project, which maintains its separate branding.[258]
Branding and visual identity[edit]
The Firefox icon is a trademark used to designate the official Mozilla build of the Firefox software and builds of official distribution partners.[259] For this reason, software distributors who distribute modified versions of Firefox do not use the icon.[citation needed]
Early Firebird and Phoenix releases of Firefox were considered to have reasonable visual designs but fell short when compared to many other professional software packages. In October 2003, professional interface designer Steven Garrity authored an article covering everything he considered to be wrong with Mozilla’s visual identity.[260]
Shortly afterwards, the Mozilla Foundation invited Garrity to head up the new visual identity team. The release of Firefox 0.8 in February 2004 saw the introduction of the new branding efforts. Included were new icon designs by silverorange, a group of web developers with a long-standing relationship with Mozilla. The final renderings are by Jon Hicks, who had worked on Camino.[261][262] The logo was later revised and updated, fixing several flaws found when it was enlarged.[263] The animal shown in the logo is a stylized fox, although «firefox» is usually a common name for the red panda. The panda, according to Hicks, «didn’t really conjure up the right imagery» and was not widely known.[262]
In June 2019, Mozilla unveiled a revised Firefox logo, which was officially implemented on version 70. The new logo is part of an effort to build a brand system around Firefox and its complementary apps and services, which are now being promoted as a suite under the Firefox brand.
- Logo history
-
Logo of «Phoenix» and «Firebird» before being renamed as Firefox
-
Firefox 0.8–0.10, from February 9, 2004 to November 8, 2004
-
Firefox 1.0–3.0, from November 9, 2004 to June 29, 2009
-
Firefox 3.5–22, from
June 30, 2009 to
August 5, 2013 -
Firefox 23–56, from August 6, 2013 to November 13, 2017[264]
-
Firefox 57–69, from November 14, 2017 to October 21, 2019
-
Firefox 70 and later, since October 22, 2019
- Other logos, used for nightly versions
-
The 2013 Nightly logo
-
The 2017 Nightly logo
-
The 2019 Nightly logo
- Other logos, used for developer/aurora versions
-
The 2013 Aurora logo
-
The 2015 Developer Edition logo
-
The 2017 Developer Edition logo
-
The 2019 Developer Edition logo
- Other logos
-
Blue globe artwork, distributed with the source code, and is explicitly not protected as a trademark[265]
-
The logo for the Firefox brand of products and services, as of July 2019. It appears as if the fox was removed, but this is not the logo for the browser itself.
Promotion[edit]
Firefox mascot at the FISL 16 (2015), Brazil
Firefox was adopted rapidly, with 100 million downloads in its first year of availability.[266] This was followed by a series of aggressive marketing campaigns starting in 2004 with a series of events Blake Ross and Asa Dotzler called «marketing weeks».[267]
Firefox continued to heavily market itself by releasing a marketing portal dubbed «Spread Firefox» (SFX) on September 12, 2004,[268] It debuted along with the Firefox Preview Release, creating a centralized space for the discussion of various marketing techniques. The release of their manifesto stated that «the Mozilla project is a global community of people who believe that openness, innovation and opportunity are key to the continued health of the Internet.»[255] A two-page ad in the edition of December 16 of The New York Times, placed by Mozilla Foundation in coordination with Spread Firefox, featured the names of the thousands of people worldwide who contributed to the Mozilla Foundation’s fundraising campaign to support the launch of the Firefox 1.0 web browser.[269] SFX portal enhanced the «Get Firefox» button program, giving users «referrer points» as an incentive. The site lists the top 250 referrers. From time to time, the SFX team or SFX members launch marketing events organized at the Spread Firefox website. As a part of the Spread Firefox campaign, there was an attempt to break the world download record with the release of Firefox 3.[270] This resulted in an official certified Guinness world record, with over eight million downloads.[271] In February 2011, Mozilla announced that it would be retiring Spread Firefox (SFX). Three months later, in May 2011, Mozilla officially closed Spread Firefox. Mozilla wrote that «there are currently plans to create a new iteration of this website [Spread Firefox] at a later date.»[272]
In celebration of the third anniversary of the founding of the Mozilla Foundation, the «World Firefox Day» campaign was established on July 15, 2006,[273][274] and ran until September 15, 2006.[275] Participants registered themselves and a friend on the website for nomination to have their names displayed on the Firefox Friends Wall, a digital wall that was displayed at the headquarters of the Mozilla Foundation.
The Firefox community has also engaged in the promotion of their web browser. In 2006, some of Firefox’s contributors from Oregon State University made a crop circle of the Firefox logo in an oat field near Amity, Oregon, near the intersection of Lafayette Highway and Walnut Hill Road.[276] After Firefox reached 500 million downloads on February 21, 2008, the Firefox community celebrated by visiting Freerice to earn 500 million grains of rice.[277]
Other initiatives included Live Chat – a service Mozilla launched in 2007 that allowed users to seek technical support from volunteers.[278] The service was later retired.[279]
To promote the launch of Firefox Quantum in November 2017, Mozilla partnered with Reggie Watts to produce a series of TV ads and social media content.[280]
Performance[edit]
2000s[edit]
In December 2005, Internet Week ran an article in which many readers reported high memory usage in Firefox 1.5.[281] Mozilla developers said that the higher memory use of Firefox 1.5 was at least partially due to the new fast backwards-and-forwards (FastBack) feature.[282] Other known causes of memory problems were malfunctioning extensions such as Google Toolbar and some older versions of AdBlock,[283] or plug-ins, such as older versions of Adobe Acrobat Reader.[284] When PC Magazine in 2006 compared memory usage of Firefox 2, Opera 9, and Internet Explorer 7, they found that Firefox used approximately as much memory as each of the other two browsers.[285]
In 2006, Softpedia noted that Firefox 1.5 took longer to start up than other browsers,[286] which was confirmed by further speed tests.[287]
Internet Explorer 6 launched more swiftly than Firefox 1.5 on Windows XP since many of its components were built into the OS and loaded during system startup. As a workaround for the issue, a preloader application was created that loaded components of Firefox on startup, similar to Internet Explorer.[288] A Windows Vista feature called SuperFetch performs a similar task of preloading Firefox if it is used often enough.[citation needed]
Tests performed by PC World and Zimbra in 2006 indicated that Firefox 2 used less memory than Internet Explorer 7.[289][290] Firefox 3 used less memory than Internet Explorer 7, Opera 9.50 Beta, Safari 3.1 Beta, and Firefox 2 in tests performed by Mozilla, CyberNet, and The Browser World.[291][292][293] In mid-2009, BetaNews benchmarked Firefox 3.5 and declared that it performed «nearly ten times better on XP than Microsoft Internet Explorer 7».[294]
2010s[edit]
In January 2010, Lifehacker compared the performance of Firefox 3.5, Firefox 3.6, Google Chrome 4 (stable and Dev versions), Safari 4, and Opera (10.1 stable and 10.5 pre-alpha versions). Lifehacker timed how long browsers took to start and reach a page (both right after boot-up and after running at least once already), timed how long browsers took to load nine tabs at once, tested JavaScript speeds using Mozilla’s Dromaeo online suite (which implements Apple’s SunSpider and Google’s V8 tests) and measured memory usage using Windows 7’s process manager. They concluded that Firefox 3.5 and 3.6 were the fifth- and sixth-fastest browsers, respectively, on startup, 3.5 was third- and 3.6 was sixth-fastest to load nine tabs at once, 3.5 was sixth- and 3.6 was fifth-fastest on the JavaScript tests. They also concluded that Firefox 3.6 was the most efficient with memory usage followed by Firefox 3.5.[295]
In February 2012, Tom’s Hardware performance tested Chrome 17, Firefox 10, Internet Explorer 9, Opera 11.61, and Safari 5.1.2 on Windows 7. Tom’s Hardware summarized their tests into four categories: Performance, Efficiency, Reliability, and Conformance. In the performance category they tested HTML5, Java, JavaScript, DOM, CSS 3, Flash, Silverlight, and WebGL (WebGL 2 is current as of version 51; and Java and Silverlight stop working as of version 52)—they also tested startup time and page load time. The performance tests showed that Firefox was either «acceptable» or «strong» in most categories, winning three categories (HTML5, HTML5 hardware acceleration, and Java) only finishing «weak» in CSS performance. In the efficiency tests, Tom’s Hardware tested memory usage and management. In this category, it determined that Firefox was only «acceptable» at performing light memory usage, while it was «strong» at performing heavy memory usage. In the reliability category, Firefox performed a «strong» amount of proper page loads. In the final category, conformance, it was determined that Firefox had «strong» conformance for JavaScript and HTML5. In conclusion, Tom’s Hardware determined that Firefox was the best browser for Windows 7 OS, but that it only narrowly beat Google Chrome.[296]
In June 2013, Tom’s Hardware again performance tested Firefox 22, Chrome 27, Opera 12, and Internet Explorer 10. They found that Firefox slightly edged out the other browsers in their «performance» index, which examined wait times, JavaScript execution speed, HTML5/CSS3 rendering, and hardware acceleration performance. Firefox also scored the highest on the «non-performance» index, which measured memory efficiency, reliability, security, and standards conformance, finishing ahead of Chrome, the runner-up. Tom’s Hardware concluded by declaring Firefox the «sound» winner of the performance benchmarks.[297]
In January 2014, a benchmark testing the memory usage of Firefox 29, Google Chrome 34, and Internet Explorer 11 indicated that Firefox used the least memory when a substantial number of tabs were open.[298]
In benchmark testing in early 2015 on a «high-end» Windows machine, comparing Microsoft Edge, Internet Explorer, Firefox, Chrome, and Opera, Firefox achieved the highest score on three of the seven tests. Four different JavaScript performance tests gave conflicting results. Firefox surpassed all other browsers on the Peacekeeper benchmark but was behind the Microsoft products when tested with SunSpider. Measured with Mozilla’s Kraken, it came second place to Chrome, while on Google’s Octane challenge it took third behind Chrome and Opera. Firefox took the lead with WebXPRT, which runs several typical HTML5 and JavaScript tasks. Firefox, Chrome, and Opera all achieved the highest possible score on the Oort Online test, measuring WebGL rendering speed (WebGL 2 is now current). In terms of HTML5 compatibility testing, Firefox was ranked in the middle of the group.[299]
A similar set of benchmark tests in 2016 showed Firefox’s JavaScript performance on Kraken and the newer Jetstream tests trailing slightly behind all other tested browsers except Internet Explorer (IE), which performed relatively poorly. On Octane, Firefox came ahead of IE and Safari, but again slightly behind the rest, including Vivaldi and Microsoft Edge. Edge took overall first place on the Jetstream and Octane benchmarks.[300]
Firefox Quantum[edit]
As of the adoption of Firefox 57 and Mozilla’s Quantum project entering production browsers in November 2017, Firefox was tested to be faster than Chrome in independent JavaScript tests, and demonstrated to use less memory with many browser tabs opened.[301][302] TechRadar rated it as the fastest web browser in a May 2019 report.[303]
[edit]
Downloads have continued at an increasing rate since Firefox 1.0 was released on November 9, 2004, and as of 31 July 2009 Firefox had already been downloaded over one billion times.[304] This number does not include downloads using software updates or those from third-party websites.[305] They do not represent a user count, as one download may be installed on many machines, one person may download the software multiple times, or the software may be obtained from a third-party.[citation needed]
In July 2010, IBM asked all employees (about 400,000) to use Firefox as their default browser.[306]
Firefox was the second-most used web browser until November 2011, when Google Chrome surpassed it.[307] According to Mozilla, Firefox has more than 450 million users as of October 2012.[308][309]
Up to early 2020, Firefox was the second-most widely used desktop browser, and that position made it the third-most popular with 3.82% of worldwide usage share of web browsers across all platforms.[310]
Desktop/laptop browser statistics | ||
---|---|---|
Google Chrome | 66.97% | |
Safari | 9.97% | |
Microsoft Edge | 8.84% | |
Mozilla Firefox | 8.07% | |
Opera | 2.45% | |
Other | 3.69% | |
Desktop web browser market share according to StatCounter for March 2021[311] |
According to the Firefox Public Data report by Mozilla, the active monthly count of Desktop clients has decreased from around 310 million in 2017 to 260 million in 2019.[312]
From Oct 2020, the desktop market share of Firefox started to decline in countries where it used to be the most popular.
In Eritrea, it dropped from 50% in Oct 2020 to 9.32% in Sept 2021.
In Cuba, it dropped from 54.36% in Sept 2020 to 38.42% in Sept 2021.[313][314]
Third-party forks[edit]
Web browsers based on Firefox[315] include:
- Abrowser[316]
- Basilisk
- Classilla
- Cliqz[317]
- Comodo IceDragon
- Ghostery Dawn[318][319]
- GNU IceCat
- K-Meleon
- LibreWolf, a fork focused on privacy and security[320][321][322][323]
- Light Browser[324]
- Mull Browser[325]
- Pale Moon[326]
- Parrotgeek Firefox Legacy (for Mac OS X)[327]
- Swiftweasel
- TenFourFox[328][329]
- Tor browser
- Waterfox[330]
- Wild Fox[331]
See also[edit]
- Firefox User Extension Library
- History of the web browser
- List of free and open-source software packages
- Mozilla Prism
- XULRunner
References[edit]
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This is the English Translation of Previous Citation.
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Further reading[edit]
- Cheah, Chu Yeow (2005). Firefox Secrets: A Need-to-Know Guide. O’Reilly. ISBN 978-0-9752402-4-3.
- Feldt, Kenneth C. (2007). Programming Firefox. O’Reilly. ISBN 978-0-596-10243-2.
- Granneman, Scott (2005). Don’t Click on the Blue e!: Switching to Firefox. O’Reilly. ISBN 978-0-596-00939-7.
- Hofmann, Chris; Marcia Knous; John Hedtke (2005). Firefox and Thunderbird Garage. Prentice Hall PTR. ISBN 978-0-13-187004-8.
- McFarlane, Nigel (2005). Firefox Hacks. O’Reilly. ISBN 978-0-596-00928-1.
- Reyes, Mel (2005). Hacking Firefox: More Than 150 Hacks, Mods, and Customizations. Wiley. ISBN 978-0-7645-9650-6.
- Ross, Blake (2006). Firefox for Dummies. Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-74899-1.
External links[edit]
- Official website
- Firefox at Curlie
- Firefox at Microsoft Store
«Phoenix (web browser)» redirects here. For the early-1990s web browser developed at the University of Chicago, see Phoenix (tkWWW-based browser).
Firefox 100 on Windows 11 |
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Developer(s) | Mozilla Foundation and its contributors Mozilla Corporation |
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Initial release | November 9, 2004; 18 years ago | |||
Stable release(s) [±] | ||||
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Preview release(s) [±] | ||||
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Repository |
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Written in | C++, JavaScript, HTML, C, Rust, and others[5][6] | |||
Engines | Gecko, Quantum, and SpiderMonkey | |||
Operating system | Linux macOS 10.12 or later Windows 7 or later Android 5.0 or later[7] iOS 13.0 or later |
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Included with | Various Unix-like operating systems | |||
Standard(s) | HTML5, CSS3, Atom | |||
Available in | 97 languages[8] | |||
Type | Web browser | |||
License | MPL 2.0[9][10] | |||
Website | www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/new/ |
Mozilla Firefox, or simply Firefox, is a free and open-source[11] web browser developed by the Mozilla Foundation and its subsidiary, the Mozilla Corporation. It uses the Gecko rendering engine to display web pages, which implements current and anticipated web standards.[12] In November 2017, Firefox began incorporating new technology under the code name «Quantum» to promote parallelism and a more intuitive user interface.[13] Firefox is available for Windows 7 and later versions, macOS, and Linux. Its unofficial ports are available for various Unix and Unix-like operating systems, including FreeBSD,[14] OpenBSD,[15] NetBSD,[16] illumos,[17] and Solaris Unix.[18] It is also available for Android and iOS. However, as with all other iOS web browsers, the iOS version uses the WebKit layout engine instead of Gecko due to platform requirements. An optimized version is also available on the Amazon Fire TV as one of the two main browsers available with Amazon’s Silk Browser.[19]
Firefox was created in 2002 under the code name «Phoenix» by members of the Mozilla community who desired a standalone browser rather than the Mozilla Application Suite bundle. During its beta phase, it proved to be popular with its testers and was praised for its speed, security, and add-ons compared to Microsoft’s then-dominant Internet Explorer 6. It was released on November 9, 2004,[20] and challenged Internet Explorer’s dominance with 60 million downloads within nine months.[21] It is the spiritual successor of Netscape Navigator, as the Mozilla community was created by Netscape in 1998, before their acquisition by AOL.[22]
Firefox usage share grew to a peak of 32.21% in November 2009,[23] with Firefox 3.5 overtaking Internet Explorer 7, although not all versions of Internet Explorer as a whole;[24][25] its usage then declined in competition with Google Chrome.[23] As of December 2022, according to StatCounter, it had a 7.1% usage share as a desktop web browser, making it the fourth-most popular desktop web browser after Google Chrome (66.1%), Microsoft Edge (11.2%), and Safari (9.6%).[26] Across all platforms, it again places fourth with a usage share of 3.04%.[27]
History[edit]
The project began as an experimental branch of the Mozilla project by Dave Hyatt, Joe Hewitt, and Blake Ross. They believed the commercial requirements of Netscape’s sponsorship and developer-driven feature creep compromised the utility of the Mozilla browser.[28] To combat what they saw as the Mozilla Suite’s software bloat, they created a standalone browser, with which they intended to replace the Mozilla Suite.[29] Version 0.1 was released on September 23, 2002.[30] On April 3, 2003, the Mozilla Organization announced that it planned to change its focus from the Mozilla Suite to Firefox and Thunderbird.[31]
The Firefox project has undergone several name changes.[32] The nascent browser was originally named Phoenix, after the mythical bird that rose triumphantly from the ashes of its dead predecessor (in this case, from the «ashes» of Netscape Navigator, after it was sidelined by Microsoft Internet Explorer in the «First Browser War»). Phoenix was renamed in 2003 due to a trademark claim from Phoenix Technologies. The replacement name, Firebird, provoked an intense response from the Firebird database software project.[33][34] The Mozilla Foundation reassured them that the browser would always bear the name Mozilla Firebird to avoid confusion. After further pressure, Mozilla Firebird became Mozilla Firefox on February 9, 2004.[35] The name Firefox was said to be derived from a nickname of the red panda,[36] which became the mascot for the newly named project.[37] For the abbreviation of Firefox, Mozilla prefers Fx or fx, although it is often abbreviated as FF.[38]
The Firefox project went through many versions before version 1.0 and had already gained a great deal of acclaim from numerous media outlets, such as Forbes[39] and The Wall Street Journal.[40] Among Firefox’s popular features were the integrated pop-up blocker, tabbed browsing, and an extension mechanism for adding functionality. Although these features have already been available for some time in other browsers such as the Mozilla Suite and Opera, Firefox was the first of these browsers to have achieved large-scale adoption.[citation needed] Firefox attracted attention as an alternative to Internet Explorer, which had come under fire for its alleged poor program design and insecurity—detractors cite IE’s lack of support for certain Web standards, use of the potentially dangerous ActiveX component, and vulnerability to spyware and malware installation.[citation needed] Microsoft responded by releasing Windows XP Service Pack 2, which added several important security features to Internet Explorer 6.[41]
Version 1.0 of Firefox was released on November 9, 2004.[42] This was followed by version 1.5 in November 2005, version 2.0 in October 2006, version 3.0 in June 2008, version 3.5 in June 2009, version 3.6 in January 2010, and version 4.0 in March 2011. From version 5 onwards, the development and release model changed into a «rapid» one; by the end of 2011 the stable release was version 9, and by the end of 2012 it reached version 17.[43]
Major redesigns of its graphical user interface occurred on versions 4.0 in March 2011, 29.0 «Australis» in April 2014, 57.0 «Quantum» in November 2017, and 89.0 «Proton» in June 2021.
In 2016, Mozilla announced a project known as Quantum, which sought to improve Firefox’s Gecko engine and other components to improve the browser’s performance, modernize its architecture, and transition the browser to a multi-process model. These improvements came in the wake of decreasing market share to Google Chrome, as well as concerns that its performance was lapsing in comparison. Despite its improvements, these changes required existing add-ons for Firefox to be made incompatible with newer versions, in favor of a new extension system that is designed to be similar to Chrome and other recent browsers. Firefox 57, which was released in November 2017, was the first version to contain enhancements from Quantum, and has thus been named Firefox Quantum. A Mozilla executive stated that Quantum was the «biggest update» to the browser since version 1.0.[44][45][46] Unresponsive and crashing pages only affect other pages loaded within the same process. While Chrome uses separate processes for each loaded tab, Firefox distributes tabs over four processes by default since Quantum in order to balance memory consumption and performance. The process count can be adjusted, where more processes increase performance at the cost of memory, therefore suitable for computers with larger RAM capacity.[47][48]
On May 3, 2019, the expiration of an intermediate signing certificate on Mozilla servers caused Firefox to automatically disable and lock all browser extensions (add-ons).[49][50] Mozilla began the roll-out of a fix shortly thereafter, using their Mozilla Studies component.[49][50]
On January 13, 2022, an issue with Firefox’s HTTP/3 implementation resulted in a widespread outage for multiple hours.[51]
Features[edit]
Features of the desktop edition include tabbed browsing, full-screen mode, spell checking, incremental search, smart bookmarks, bookmarking and downloading through drag and drop,[52][53] a download manager, user profile management,[54] private browsing, bookmark tags, bookmark exporting,[55] offline mode,[56] a screenshot tool, web development tools, a «page info» feature which shows a list of page metadata and multimedia items,[57] a sophisticated configuration menu at about:config
for power users, and more location-aware browsing (also known as «geolocation») based on a Google service.[58] Firefox has an integrated search system which uses Google by default in most markets but an update for American users in 2021 made it start including paid promotions by default in its suggestions.[59][60] DNS over HTTPS is another feature whose default behaviour is determined geographically.[61]
Firefox provides an environment for web developers in which they can use built-in tools, such as the Error Console or the DOM Inspector, and extensions, such as Firebug and more recently there has been an integration feature with Pocket. Firefox Hello was an implementation of WebRTC, added in October 2014, which allows users of Firefox and other compatible systems to have a video call, with the extra feature of screen and file sharing by sending a link to each other. Firefox Hello was scheduled to be removed in September 2016.[62]
Former features include a File Transfer Protocol (FTP) client for browsing file servers, the ability to block images from individual domains (until version 72),[63] a 3D page inspector (versions 11 to 46), tab grouping (until version 44), and the ability to add customized extra toolbars (until version 28).[64][65][66]
Browser extensions[edit]
Functions can be added through add-ons created by third-party developers. Add-ons are primarily coded using an HTML, CSS, JavaScript, with API known as WebExtensions, which is designed to be compatible with Google Chrome and Microsoft Edge extension systems.[67] Firefox previously supported add-ons using the XUL and XPCOM APIs, which allowed them to directly access and manipulate much of the browser’s internal functionality. As compatibility was not included in the multi-process architecture, XUL add-ons have been deemed Legacy add-ons and are no longer supported on Firefox 57 «Quantum» and newer.[68][69]
Mozilla has occasionally installed extensions for users without their permission. This happened in 2017 when an extension designed to promote the show Mr Robot was silently added in an update to Firefox.[70][71]
Themes[edit]
Firefox can have themes added to it, which users can create or download from third parties to change the appearance of the browser.[72][73]
Guest session[edit]
In 2013, Firefox for Android added a guest session mode, which wiped browsing data such as tabs, cookies, and history at the end of each guest session. Guest session data was kept even when restarting the browser or device, and deleted only upon a manual exit. The feature was removed in 2019, purportedly to «streamline the experience«.[74][75]
Standards[edit]
The result of the Acid3 test on Firefox 17
Firefox implements many web standards, including HTML4 (almost full HTML5), XML, XHTML, MathML, SVG 1.1 (full),[76] SVG 2 (partial),[77][78] CSS (with extensions),[79] ECMAScript (JavaScript), DOM, XSLT, XPath, and APNG (Animated PNG) images with alpha transparency.[80] Firefox also implements standards proposals created by the WHATWG such as client-side storage,[81][82] and the canvas element.[83] These standards are implemented through the Gecko layout engine, and SpiderMonkey JavaScript engine. Firefox 4 was the first release to introduce significant HTML5 and CSS3 support.
Firefox has passed the Acid2 standards-compliance test since version 3.0.[84] Mozilla had originally stated that they did not intend for Firefox to pass the Acid3 test fully because they believed that the SVG fonts part of the test had become outdated and irrelevant, due to WOFF being agreed upon as a standard by all major browser makers.[85] Because the SVG font tests were removed from the Acid3 test in September 2011, Firefox 4 and greater scored 100/100.[86][87]
Firefox also implements «Safe Browsing,»[88] a proprietary protocol[89] from Google used to exchange data related with phishing and malware protection.
Since version 38 on Windows Vista and newer, Firefox supports the playback of video content protected by HTML5 Encrypted Media Extensions (EME). For security and privacy reasons, EME is implemented within a wrapper of open-source code that allows execution of a proprietary DRM module by Adobe Systems—Adobe Primetime Content Decryption Module (CDM). CDM runs within a «sandbox» environment to limit its access to the system and provide it a randomized device ID to prevent services from uniquely identifying the device for tracking purposes. The DRM module, once it has been downloaded, is enabled, and disabled in the same manner as other plug-ins. Since version 47,[90] «Google’s Widevine CDM on Windows and Mac OS X so streaming services like Amazon Video can switch from Silverlight to encrypted HTML5 video» is also supported. Mozilla justified its partnership with Adobe and Google by stating:
Firefox downloads and enables the Adobe Primetime and Google Widevine CDMs by default to give users a smooth experience on sites that require DRM. Each CDM runs in a separate container called a sandbox and you will be notified when a CDM is in use. You can also disable each CDM and opt-out of future updates
— Watch DRM content on Firefox[91]
and that it is «an important step on Mozilla’s roadmap to remove NPAPI plugin support.»[92] Upon the introduction of EME support, builds of Firefox on Windows were also introduced that exclude support for EME.[93][94] The Free Software Foundation and Cory Doctorow condemned Mozilla’s decision to support EME.[95]
Security[edit]
Firefox allowed for a sandbox security model to manage privileges accorded to JavaScript code, but that feature has since been deprecated.[96] It limits scripts from accessing data from other websites based on the same-origin policy.[97] It also provides support for smart cards to web applications, for authentication purposes.[98] It uses TLS to protect communications with web servers using strong cryptography when using the HTTPS protocol.[99] The freely available HTTPS Everywhere add-on enforces HTTPS, even if a regular HTTP URL is entered. Firefox now supports HTTP/2.[100]
The Mozilla Foundation offers a «bug bounty» (US$3,000 to US$7,500 cash reward) to researchers who discover severe security holes in Firefox.[101] Official guidelines for handling security vulnerabilities discourage early disclosure of vulnerabilities so as not to give potential attackers an advantage in creating exploits.[102]
Because Firefox generally has fewer publicly known security vulnerabilities than Internet Explorer (see Comparison of web browsers), improved security is often cited as a reason to switch from Internet Explorer to Firefox.[103][104][105][106] The Washington Post reported that exploit code for known critical security vulnerabilities in Internet Explorer was available for 284 days in 2006. In comparison, exploit code for known, critical security vulnerabilities in Firefox was available for nine days before Mozilla issued a patch to remedy the problem.[107]
A 2006 Symantec study showed that, although Firefox had surpassed other browsers in the number of vendor-confirmed vulnerabilities that year through September, these vulnerabilities were patched far more quickly than those found in other browsers, with Firefox’s vulnerabilities being fixed on average one day after the exploit code was made available, as compared to nine days for Internet Explorer.[108] Symantec later clarified their statement, saying that Firefox still had fewer security vulnerabilities than Internet Explorer, as counted by security researchers.[109]
In October 2009, Microsoft’s security engineers acknowledged that Firefox was vulnerable to a security issue found in the ‘Windows Presentation Foundation’ browser plug-in since February of that year. A .NET Framework 3.5 SP1 Windows Update had silently installed the vulnerable plug-in into Firefox.[110] This vulnerability has since been patched by Microsoft.[111]
In 2010, a study of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), based on data compiled from the National Vulnerability Database (NVD), Firefox was listed as the fifth-most vulnerable desktop software, with Internet Explorer as the eighth, and Google Chrome as the first.[112]
InfoWorld has cited security experts saying that, as Firefox becomes more popular, more vulnerabilities will be found,[113] a claim that Mitchell Baker, president of the Mozilla Foundation, has denied. «There is this idea that market share alone will make you have more vulnerabilities. It is not relational at all,» she said.[114]
As of February 11, 2011, Firefox 3.6 had no known unpatched security vulnerabilities according to Secunia.[115] Internet Explorer 8 had five unpatched security vulnerabilities; the worst being rated «Less Critical» by Secunia.[116] Mozilla claims that all patched vulnerabilities of Mozilla products are publicly listed.[117]
Firefox 11, released in January 2012, introduced a 3D page inspector that visualizes web pages’ document object model three-dimensionally through WebGL. The feature was accessible from the developer tools.[118]
On January 28, 2013, Mozilla was recognized as the most trusted internet company for privacy in 2012.[119] This study was performed by the Ponemon Institute and was a result of a survey from more than 100,000 consumers in the United States.
In February 2013, plans were announced for Firefox 22 to disable third-party cookies by default. However, the introduction of the feature was then delayed so Mozilla developers could «collect and analyze data on the effect of blocking some third-party cookies.» Mozilla also collaborated with Stanford University’s «Cookie Clearinghouse» project to develop a blacklist and whitelist of sites that will be used in the filter.[120][121]
Version 23, released in August 2013, followed the lead of its competitors by blocking iframe, stylesheet, and script resources served from non-HTTPS servers embedded on HTTPS pages by default. Additionally, JavaScript could also no longer be disabled through Firefox’s preferences, and JavaScript was automatically re-enabled for users who upgraded to 23 or higher with it disabled. The change was made due to its use across the majority of websites, the potential repercussions on inexperienced users who are unaware of its impact, along with the availability of extensions such as NoScript, which can disable JavaScript in a more controlled fashion. The following release added the ability to disable JavaScript through the developer tools for testing purposes.[122][123][124]
In January 2015, TorrentFreak reported that using Firefox when connected to the internet using a VPN can be a serious security issue due to the browser’s support for WebRTC.[125]
Beginning with Firefox 48, all extensions must be signed by Mozilla to be used in release and beta versions of Firefox. Firefox 43 blocked unsigned extensions but allowed enforcement of extension signing to be disabled. All extensions must be submitted to Mozilla Add-ons and be subject to code analysis in order to be signed, although extensions do not have to be listed on the service to be signed.[126][127] On May 2, 2019, Mozilla announced that it would be strengthening the signature enforcement with methods that included the retroactive disabling of old extensions now deemed to be insecure. A Firefox update on May 3 led to bug reports about all extensions being disabled. This was found to be the result of an overlooked certificate and not the policy change set to go into effect on June 10.[128]
In Firefox versions prior to 7.0, an information bar appears on the browser’s first start asking users whether they would like to send performance statistics, or «telemetry», to Mozilla. It is enabled by default in development versions of Firefox, but not in release versions.[129] According to Mozilla’s privacy policy,[130] these statistics are stored only in aggregate format, and the only personally identifiable information transmitted is the user’s IP address.
In November 2018, Firefox began using a sandbox to isolate web tabs from each other and from the rest of the system. Its lack of such a feature had previously earned it negative comparisons with Google Chrome and Microsoft Edge.[131][132]
Since version 60 Firefox includes the option to use DNS over HTTPS (DoH), which causes DNS lookup requests to be sent encrypted over the HTTPS protocol. To use this feature the user must set certain preferences beginning with «network.trr» (Trusted Recursive Resolver) in about:config: if network.trr.mode is 0, DoH is disabled; 1 activates DoH in addition to unencrypted DNS; 2 causes DoH to be used before unencrypted DNS; to use only DoH, the value must be 3. By setting network.trr.uri to the URL 1.1.1.1[permanent dead link], special Cloudflare servers will be activated.[133][134] Mozilla has a privacy agreement with this server host that restricts their collection of information about incoming DNS requests.[135]
On May 21, 2019, Firefox was updated to include the ability to block scripts that used a computer’s CPU to mine cryptocurrency without a user’s permission, in Firefox version 67.0. The update also allowed users to block known fingerprinting scripts that track their activity across the web, however it does not resist fingerprinting on its own.[136]
On July 2, 2019, Mozilla introduced a mechanism to allow Firefox to automatically trust OS-installed certificates to prevent TLS errors.[137]
In October 2019, ZDNet reported Firefox version 68 ESR passed all minimum requirements for mandatory security features during an exam by the Federal Office for Information Security of Germany.[138]
In Mozilla Foundation Security Advisory 2020–03, the company reported that the CVE-2019-17026 vulnerability (type confusion vulnerability in IonMonkey) had been detected in the wild and was being actively exploited.[139][140]
In March 2021, Firefox launched SmartBlock in version 87 to offer protection against cross-site tracking, without breaking the websites users visit.[141] Also known as state partitioning or «total cookie protection», works via a feature in the browser that isolates data from each site visited by the user to ensure that cross-site scripting is very difficult if not impossible. The feature also isolates local storage, service workers and other common ways for sites to store data.[142]
Localizations[edit]
Firefox is a widely localized web browser. The first official release in November 2004 was available in 24 different languages and for 28 locales, including British English, American English, European Spanish, Argentine Spanish, Chinese in Traditional Chinese characters and Simplified Chinese characters and in Bengali script.[143] As of January 2023, currently supported versions 108.0.2 and 102.6.0esr are available in 97 locales (88 languages).[8]
Platform availability[edit]
The desktop version of Firefox is available and supports Microsoft Windows, macOS, and Linux, while Firefox for Android is available for Android (formerly Firefox for mobile, it also ran on Maemo, MeeGo and Firefox OS) and Firefox for iOS is available for iOS. Smartphones that support Linux but don’t support Android or iOS apps can also run Firefox in its desktop version, for example using postmarketOS.
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Operating system | Latest stable version | Support status | |
---|---|---|---|
Windows | 10 Fall Creators Update and later | 108.0.2 (ARM64)[1] | 2019– |
102.6.0esr (ARM64)[2] | |||
7 and later, Server 2008 R2 and later | 108.0.2 (x64)[1] | 2009– | |
102.6.0esr (x64)[2] | |||
108.0.2 (IA-32)[1] | |||
102.6.0esr (IA-32)[2] | |||
XP SP2+, Vista, Server 2003 SP1+ & R2 and Server 2008 |
52.9.0esr (IA-32)[144] | 2004–2018 | |
52.0.2 (IA-32)[145][146] | 2004–2017 | ||
2000, XP RTM & SP1 and Server 2003 RTM |
10.0.12esr[147] | 2004–2013 | |
12.0[148][149][150] | 2004–2012 | ||
NT 4.0 (IA-32), 98 and Me | 2.0.0.20[151] | 2004–2008 | |
95 | 1.5.0.12 | 2004–2007 | |
macOS | 10.12 (x64)/11 (ARM64) and later | 108.0.2[1] [152] | 2016– (x64) 2020– (ARM64) |
102.6.0esr[2] | |||
10.9–10.11 | 78.15.0esr[153] | 2013–2021 | |
78.0.2[154][155] | 2013–2020 | ||
10.6–10.8 | 45.9.0esr[156] | 2009–2017 | |
48.0.2[157][158][159][160] | 2009–2016 | ||
10.5 (IA-32 and x64) | 10.0.12esr[147] | 2007–2013 | |
16.0.2[161] | 2007–2012 | ||
10.4 (IA-32 and PPC)–10.5 (PPC) | 3.6.28[162] | 2005–2012 | |
10.2–10.3 | 2.0.0.20[151] | 2004–2008 | |
10.0–10.1 | 1.0.8 | 2004–2006 | |
Linux desktop | 108.0.2 (x64)[1] | 2011– | |
102.6.0esr (x64)[2] | |||
108.0.2 (IA-32)[1] | 2004– | ||
102.6.0esr (IA-32)[2] |
Legend:
Old version
Older version, still maintained
Latest version
Notes
- In March 2014, the Windows Store app version of Firefox was cancelled, although there is a beta release.[163]
- SSE2 instruction set support is required for 49.0 and later for Windows and 53.0 and later for Linux, IA-32 support only applies to superscalar processors.
Firefox source code may be compiled for various operating systems; however, officially distributed binaries are provided for the following:
Requirement | Microsoft Windows | Linux desktop | macOS | Android[165] | iOS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CPU | Pentium 4 or newer with SSE2[166] (or ARM64 for Windows[167]) | Any x86-64 and ARM64 CPU[166] | ARMv7, ARM64, IA-32 and x64[166] | ARM64 | |
Memory (RAM) | 512 MB for the 32-bit version and 2 GB for the 64-bit version | 384 MB | ? | ||
Data storage device free space | 200 MB | 80 MB | ? | ||
Operating system | Windows 7 or later Server 2008 R2 or later[164] |
|
macOS 10.12 or newer | 5.0 or newer[7] | iOS 13 or later[168] |
Microsoft Windows[edit]
Firefox 1.0 was released for Windows 9x, as well as Windows NT 4.0 and later. Some users reported the 1.x builds were operable (but not installable) on Windows NT 3.51.[169]
The version 42.0 release includes the first x64 build. It requires Windows 7 and Server 2008 R2.[170] Starting from version 49.0, Firefox for Windows requires and uses the SSE2 instruction set.
In September 2013, Mozilla released a Metro-style version of Firefox, optimized for touchscreen use, on the «Aurora» release channel. However, on March 14, 2014, Mozilla cancelled the project because of a lack of user adoption.[171][172][173]
In April 2017, users of Firefox 52.0.2 on Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2003 and Windows Server 2008 who had automatic updates enabled were migrated to Firefox 52 ESR. Support for these operating systems ended in June 2018.[174]
Traditionally, installing the Windows version of Firefox entails visiting the Firefox website and downloading an installer package, depending on the desired localization and system architecture. In November 2021, Mozilla made Firefox available on Microsoft Store. The Store-distributed package does not interfere with the traditional installation.[175][176]
macOS[edit]
The first official release (Firefox version 1.0) supported macOS (then called Mac OS X) on the PowerPC architecture. Mac OS X builds for the IA-32 architecture became available via a universal binary which debuted with Firefox 1.5.0.2 in 2006.
Starting with version 4.0, Firefox was released for the x64 architecture to which macOS had migrated.[177] Version 4.0 also dropped support for PowerPC architecture, although other projects continued development of a PowerPC version of Firefox.[178]
Firefox was originally released for Mac OS X 10.0 and higher.[179] The minimum OS then increased to Mac OS X 10.2 in Firefox 1.5 and 10.4 in Firefox 3.[180][181] Firefox 4 dropped support for Mac OS X 10.4 and PowerPC Macs, and Firefox 17 dropped support for Mac OS X 10.5 entirely.[182][183] The system requirements were left unchanged until 2016, when Firefox 49 dropped support for Mac OS X 10.6–10.8.[184][185] Most recently, Mozilla ended support for OS X 10.9–10.11 in Firefox 79, with those users being supported on the Firefox 78 ESR branch until November 2021.[186][187][188]
Linux[edit]
Opening Wikipedia main page with Mozilla Firefox 99 on Ubuntu 20.04
Since its inception, Firefox for Linux supported the 32-bit memory architecture of the IA-32 instruction set. 64-bit builds were introduced in the 4.0 release.[177] The 46.0 release replaced GTK 2.18 with 3.4 as a system requirement on Linux and other systems running X.Org.[189] Starting with 53.0, the 32-bit builds require the SSE2 instruction set. Firefox also can run on number of other architectures on Linux, including ARM, AArch64, PowerPC, POWER, Sparc, HPPA, MIPS, s390, and in the past Alpha, IA-64 (Intel Itanium) and m68k.
Firefox for mobile[edit]
Firefox for mobile is a web browser for mobile phones, tablets, and PDAs. It was originally first released for the Nokia Maemo operating system, specifically the Nokia N900, on January 28, 2010.[190] On September 30, 2010, new releases of the browser jumped from version 2 to 4 to reflect integration of the desktop browser’s rendering engine.[191] On March 29, 2011, Firefox 4 for Android was released.[192] Version 7 was the last release for Maemo on the N900.[193]
The former Firefox for Android (codenamed Fennec), was a web browser for Android devices, such as mobile phones and tablets. Its user interface was optimized for small screens and tablets. It included the Awesome Bar, tabbed browsing, add-on support, a password manager, location-aware browsing, and the ability to synchronize with the user’s other devices with Mozilla Firefox using Firefox Sync.[194] It was criticized for being slow,[195] however, in part due to its poor port of Gecko.[196] At the end of its existence, it had a market share of 0.5% on Android.[197]
In April 2013, then-Mozilla CEO Gary Kovacs said that Firefox would not come to iOS if Apple required the use of the WebKit layout engine to do so. One reason given by Mozilla was that prior to iOS 8, Apple had supplied third-party browsers with an inferior version of their JavaScript engine which hobbled their performance, making it impossible to match Safari’s JavaScript performance on the iOS platform.[198] Apple later opened their «Nitro» JavaScript engine to third-party browsers.[199] In 2015, Mozilla announced it was moving forward with Firefox for iOS, with a preview release made available in New Zealand in September of that year.[200][201][202] It fully released in November later that year.[203] In November 2016, Firefox released a new iOS app titled Firefox Focus, a private web browser.[204]
In August 2020, Mozilla launched a new version of its Firefox for Android app, named Firefox Daylight to the public[205] and codenamed Fenix,[206] after a little over a year of testing.[196] It boasted higher speeds with its new GeckoView engine, which is described as being «the only independent web engine browser available on Android». It also added Enhanced Tracking Protection 2.0, a feature that blocks many known trackers on the Internet.[207] It also added the ability to place the address bar on the bottom, and a new Collections feature.[205] However, it was criticized for only having nine Add-ons at launch, and missing certain features.[208][209][210] In response, Mozilla stated that they will allow more Add-ons with time.[211]
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Operating system | Latest stable version | Support status | |
---|---|---|---|
Android (including Android-x86) |
5.0 and later | 108.1.1 (x64)[212] | 2018– |
108.1.1 (ARM64)[212] | 2017– | ||
108.1.1 (IA-32 and ARMv7)[212] | 2014– | ||
4.1–4.4 | 68.11.0 (x64)[213] | 2018–2020 | |
68.11.0 (IA-32) | 2013–2020 | ||
68.11.0 (ARMv7) | 2012–2020 | ||
4.0 | 55.0.2 (IA-32)[214][215] | 2013–2017 | |
55.0.2 (ARMv7) | 2011–2017 | ||
3.0–3.2 | 45.0.2 (ARMv7)[214] | 2011–2016 | |
2.3 | 47.0 (ARMv7)[214][216] | ||
2.2–4.3 | 31.3.0esr (ARMv6) | 2012–2015 | |
2.2 | 31.0 (ARMv7)[217] | 2011–2014 | |
2.1 | 19.0.2 (ARMv6) | 2012–2013 | |
19.0.2 (ARMv7) | 2011–2013 | ||
2.0 | 6.0.2 (ARMv7) | 2011 | |
Firefox OS | 2.2 | 35/36/37 | 2015 |
2.1 | 33/34 | 2014–2015 | |
2.0 | 31/32 | ||
Maemo | 7.0.1 | 2010–2011 |
Legend:
Old version
Older version, still maintained
Latest version
- Notes
- Firefox for iOS is not listed in this table as its version numbers would be misleading; it uses version numbers that do not correspond to any of the other Firefox versions. Those share a core component, the Gecko rendering engine, and track its version numbers, whereas the version for the iOS operating system uses the operating system’s rendering engine (WebKit), rather than Mozilla’s (Gecko).
Firefox Reality (AR/VR)[edit]
Firefox Reality was released for Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality headsets in September 2018.[218] It supports traditional web-browsing through 2D windows and immersive VR pages through Web VR. Firefox Reality is available on HTC Vive, Oculus, Google Daydream and Microsoft Hololens headsets. In February 2022 Mozilla announced that Igalia took over stewardship of this project under the new name of Wolvic. [219]
Unofficial ports[edit]
Firefox has also been ported to FreeBSD,[220] NetBSD,[221] OpenBSD,[222] OpenIndiana,[223] OS/2,[224] ArcaOS,[225] SkyOS, RISC OS[226] and BeOS/Haiku,[227][228][229][230] and an unofficial rebranded version called Timberwolf has been available for AmigaOS 4.[231] An unofficial continuation of the Mac OS X PowerPC release was actively developed as TenFourFox until October 5, 2021.[232]
The Firefox port for OpenBSD is maintained by Landry Breuil since 2010. Firefox is regularly built for the current branch of the operating system, the latest versions are packaged for each release and remain frozen until the next release. In 2017, Landry began hosting packages of newer Firefox versions for OpenBSD releases from 6.0 onwards, making them available to installations without the ports system.[233]
The Solaris port of Firefox (including OpenSolaris) was maintained by the Oracle Solaris Desktop Beijing Team,[234][235] until March 2017 when the team was disbanded.[citation needed] There was also an unofficial port of Firefox 3.6.x to IBM AIX[236][237] and of v1.7.x to UnixWare.[238]
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Operating system | Latest stable version | Support status | |
---|---|---|---|
Solaris | 11 | 102.6.0esr (x64,SPARC V9) | 2011– |
10 and OpenSolaris | 52.9.0esr (IA-32,x64,SPARC V9) | 2005–2018 | |
8–9 | 2.0.0.20 (IA-32 and SPARC V9) | 2004–2008 | |
HP-UX | 11i v2–v3 | 3.5.9 (IA-64,PA-RISC) | N/A |
OpenBSD | -current | 108.0.1 (x64,ARM64) | 2019– |
102.6.0esr (x64,ARM64) | |||
88.0.1 (IA-32) | 2019–2021 | ||
78.14.0esr (IA-32) | |||
-stable | 7.2 | 108.0.1 (x64,ARM64) | 2022– |
102.6.0esr (x64,ARM64) | 2022– | ||
6.9 | 88.0.1 (IA-32) | 2021 | |
78.14.0esr (IA-32) | |||
5.8 | 38.7.1esr (PPC) | 2015–2016 | |
5.7 | 31.6.0esr (SPARC V9) | 2015 | |
-release | 5.8 | 39.0.3 (PPC) | |
5.4 | 3.6.28 (Alpha) | ||
4.7 | 3.0.18 (ARMv7) |
Legend:
Old version
Older version, still maintained
Latest version
Experimental builds and ESR[edit]
Besides official releases, Mozilla provides development builds of Firefox in distribution channels named, in order of most to least stable, «Beta», «Developer Edition» (formerly «Aurora», renamed on November 10, 2014[239][240]), and «Nightly».[241] Starting from Firefox 54, «Developer Edition» is based on the «Beta» build.[242]
Firefox ESR (Extended Support Release) is a version of Firefox for organizations and other groups that need extended support for mass deployments. Each ESR release, based on the regular version released at the same time, is supported for one year.[243] Unlike the regular («rapid») releases, ESRs are not updated with new features and performance enhancements every four weeks, but rather are updated with only high-risk-reduction or high-impact security fixes or major stability fixes with point releases, until the end of the ESR cycle.[244]
Licensing[edit]
Firefox source code is free software, with most of it being released under the Mozilla Public License (MPL) version 2.0.[10] This license permits anyone to view, modify, or redistribute the source code. As a result, several publicly released applications have been built from it, such as Netscape, Flock, Miro, GNU IceCat, Iceweasel, Songbird, Pale Moon, Waterfox, and Comodo IceDragon.[citation needed]
In the past, Firefox was licensed solely under the MPL, then version 1.1,[245] which the Free Software Foundation criticized for being weak copyleft, as the license permitted, in limited ways, proprietary derivative works. Additionally, code only licensed under MPL 1.1 could not legally be linked with code under the GPL.[246][247] To address these concerns, Mozilla re-licensed most of Firefox under the tri-license scheme of MPL 1.1, GPL 2.0, or LGPL 2.1. Since the re-licensing, developers were free to choose the license under which they received most of the code, to suit their intended use: GPL or LGPL linking and derivative works when one of those licenses is chosen, or MPL use (including the possibility of proprietary derivative works) if they chose the MPL.[245] However, on January 3, 2012, Mozilla released the GPL-compatible MPL 2.0,[248] and with the release of Firefox 13 on June 5, 2012, Mozilla used it to replace the tri-licensing scheme.[249]
The crash reporting service was initially closed-source but switched with version 3 from a program called Talkback to the open-source Breakpad (and Socorro server).[citation needed]
Trademark and logo[edit]
The name «Mozilla Firefox» is a registered trademark; along with the official Firefox logo, it may only be used under certain terms and conditions. Anyone may redistribute the official binaries in unmodified form and use the Firefox name and branding for such distribution, but restrictions are placed on distributions which modify the underlying source code.[250] The name «Firefox» derives from a nickname of the red panda.[37]
Mozilla has placed the Firefox logo files under open-source licenses,[251][252] but its trademark guidelines do not allow displaying altered[253] or similar logos[254] in contexts where trademark law applies.[citation needed]
There has been some controversy over the Mozilla Foundation’s intentions in stopping certain open-source distributions from using the «Firefox» trademark.[11] Open-source browsers «enable greater choice and innovation in the market rather than aiming for mass-market domination.»[255] Mozilla Foundation Chairperson Mitchell Baker explained in an interview in 2007 that distributions could freely use the Firefox trademark if they did not modify source code, and that the Mozilla Foundation’s only concern was with users getting a consistent experience when they used «Firefox».[256]
To allow distributions of the code without using the official branding, the Firefox build system contains a «branding switch». This switch, often used for alphas («Auroras») of future Firefox versions, allows the code to be compiled without the official logo and name and can allow a derivative work unencumbered by restrictions on the Firefox trademark to be produced. In the unbranded build, the trademarked logo and name are replaced with a freely distributable generic globe logo and the name of the release series from which the modified version was derived.[citation needed]
Distributing modified versions of Firefox under the «Firefox» name required explicit approval from Mozilla for the changes made to the underlying code, and required the use of all of the official branding. For example, it was not permissible to use the name «Firefox» without also using the official logo. When the Debian project decided to stop using the official Firefox logo in 2006 (because Mozilla’s copyright restrictions at the time were incompatible with Debian’s guidelines), they were told by a representative of the Mozilla Foundation that this was not acceptable and was asked either to comply with the published trademark guidelines or cease using the «Firefox» name in their distribution.[257] Debian switched to branding their modified version of Firefox «Iceweasel» (but in 2016 switched back to Firefox), along with other Mozilla software. GNU IceCat is another derived version of Firefox distributed by the GNU Project, which maintains its separate branding.[258]
Branding and visual identity[edit]
The Firefox icon is a trademark used to designate the official Mozilla build of the Firefox software and builds of official distribution partners.[259] For this reason, software distributors who distribute modified versions of Firefox do not use the icon.[citation needed]
Early Firebird and Phoenix releases of Firefox were considered to have reasonable visual designs but fell short when compared to many other professional software packages. In October 2003, professional interface designer Steven Garrity authored an article covering everything he considered to be wrong with Mozilla’s visual identity.[260]
Shortly afterwards, the Mozilla Foundation invited Garrity to head up the new visual identity team. The release of Firefox 0.8 in February 2004 saw the introduction of the new branding efforts. Included were new icon designs by silverorange, a group of web developers with a long-standing relationship with Mozilla. The final renderings are by Jon Hicks, who had worked on Camino.[261][262] The logo was later revised and updated, fixing several flaws found when it was enlarged.[263] The animal shown in the logo is a stylized fox, although «firefox» is usually a common name for the red panda. The panda, according to Hicks, «didn’t really conjure up the right imagery» and was not widely known.[262]
In June 2019, Mozilla unveiled a revised Firefox logo, which was officially implemented on version 70. The new logo is part of an effort to build a brand system around Firefox and its complementary apps and services, which are now being promoted as a suite under the Firefox brand.
- Logo history
-
Logo of «Phoenix» and «Firebird» before being renamed as Firefox
-
Firefox 0.8–0.10, from February 9, 2004 to November 8, 2004
-
Firefox 1.0–3.0, from November 9, 2004 to June 29, 2009
-
Firefox 3.5–22, from
June 30, 2009 to
August 5, 2013 -
Firefox 23–56, from August 6, 2013 to November 13, 2017[264]
-
Firefox 57–69, from November 14, 2017 to October 21, 2019
-
Firefox 70 and later, since October 22, 2019
- Other logos, used for nightly versions
-
The 2013 Nightly logo
-
The 2017 Nightly logo
-
The 2019 Nightly logo
- Other logos, used for developer/aurora versions
-
The 2013 Aurora logo
-
The 2015 Developer Edition logo
-
The 2017 Developer Edition logo
-
The 2019 Developer Edition logo
- Other logos
-
Blue globe artwork, distributed with the source code, and is explicitly not protected as a trademark[265]
-
The logo for the Firefox brand of products and services, as of July 2019. It appears as if the fox was removed, but this is not the logo for the browser itself.
Promotion[edit]
Firefox mascot at the FISL 16 (2015), Brazil
Firefox was adopted rapidly, with 100 million downloads in its first year of availability.[266] This was followed by a series of aggressive marketing campaigns starting in 2004 with a series of events Blake Ross and Asa Dotzler called «marketing weeks».[267]
Firefox continued to heavily market itself by releasing a marketing portal dubbed «Spread Firefox» (SFX) on September 12, 2004,[268] It debuted along with the Firefox Preview Release, creating a centralized space for the discussion of various marketing techniques. The release of their manifesto stated that «the Mozilla project is a global community of people who believe that openness, innovation and opportunity are key to the continued health of the Internet.»[255] A two-page ad in the edition of December 16 of The New York Times, placed by Mozilla Foundation in coordination with Spread Firefox, featured the names of the thousands of people worldwide who contributed to the Mozilla Foundation’s fundraising campaign to support the launch of the Firefox 1.0 web browser.[269] SFX portal enhanced the «Get Firefox» button program, giving users «referrer points» as an incentive. The site lists the top 250 referrers. From time to time, the SFX team or SFX members launch marketing events organized at the Spread Firefox website. As a part of the Spread Firefox campaign, there was an attempt to break the world download record with the release of Firefox 3.[270] This resulted in an official certified Guinness world record, with over eight million downloads.[271] In February 2011, Mozilla announced that it would be retiring Spread Firefox (SFX). Three months later, in May 2011, Mozilla officially closed Spread Firefox. Mozilla wrote that «there are currently plans to create a new iteration of this website [Spread Firefox] at a later date.»[272]
In celebration of the third anniversary of the founding of the Mozilla Foundation, the «World Firefox Day» campaign was established on July 15, 2006,[273][274] and ran until September 15, 2006.[275] Participants registered themselves and a friend on the website for nomination to have their names displayed on the Firefox Friends Wall, a digital wall that was displayed at the headquarters of the Mozilla Foundation.
The Firefox community has also engaged in the promotion of their web browser. In 2006, some of Firefox’s contributors from Oregon State University made a crop circle of the Firefox logo in an oat field near Amity, Oregon, near the intersection of Lafayette Highway and Walnut Hill Road.[276] After Firefox reached 500 million downloads on February 21, 2008, the Firefox community celebrated by visiting Freerice to earn 500 million grains of rice.[277]
Other initiatives included Live Chat – a service Mozilla launched in 2007 that allowed users to seek technical support from volunteers.[278] The service was later retired.[279]
To promote the launch of Firefox Quantum in November 2017, Mozilla partnered with Reggie Watts to produce a series of TV ads and social media content.[280]
Performance[edit]
2000s[edit]
In December 2005, Internet Week ran an article in which many readers reported high memory usage in Firefox 1.5.[281] Mozilla developers said that the higher memory use of Firefox 1.5 was at least partially due to the new fast backwards-and-forwards (FastBack) feature.[282] Other known causes of memory problems were malfunctioning extensions such as Google Toolbar and some older versions of AdBlock,[283] or plug-ins, such as older versions of Adobe Acrobat Reader.[284] When PC Magazine in 2006 compared memory usage of Firefox 2, Opera 9, and Internet Explorer 7, they found that Firefox used approximately as much memory as each of the other two browsers.[285]
In 2006, Softpedia noted that Firefox 1.5 took longer to start up than other browsers,[286] which was confirmed by further speed tests.[287]
Internet Explorer 6 launched more swiftly than Firefox 1.5 on Windows XP since many of its components were built into the OS and loaded during system startup. As a workaround for the issue, a preloader application was created that loaded components of Firefox on startup, similar to Internet Explorer.[288] A Windows Vista feature called SuperFetch performs a similar task of preloading Firefox if it is used often enough.[citation needed]
Tests performed by PC World and Zimbra in 2006 indicated that Firefox 2 used less memory than Internet Explorer 7.[289][290] Firefox 3 used less memory than Internet Explorer 7, Opera 9.50 Beta, Safari 3.1 Beta, and Firefox 2 in tests performed by Mozilla, CyberNet, and The Browser World.[291][292][293] In mid-2009, BetaNews benchmarked Firefox 3.5 and declared that it performed «nearly ten times better on XP than Microsoft Internet Explorer 7».[294]
2010s[edit]
In January 2010, Lifehacker compared the performance of Firefox 3.5, Firefox 3.6, Google Chrome 4 (stable and Dev versions), Safari 4, and Opera (10.1 stable and 10.5 pre-alpha versions). Lifehacker timed how long browsers took to start and reach a page (both right after boot-up and after running at least once already), timed how long browsers took to load nine tabs at once, tested JavaScript speeds using Mozilla’s Dromaeo online suite (which implements Apple’s SunSpider and Google’s V8 tests) and measured memory usage using Windows 7’s process manager. They concluded that Firefox 3.5 and 3.6 were the fifth- and sixth-fastest browsers, respectively, on startup, 3.5 was third- and 3.6 was sixth-fastest to load nine tabs at once, 3.5 was sixth- and 3.6 was fifth-fastest on the JavaScript tests. They also concluded that Firefox 3.6 was the most efficient with memory usage followed by Firefox 3.5.[295]
In February 2012, Tom’s Hardware performance tested Chrome 17, Firefox 10, Internet Explorer 9, Opera 11.61, and Safari 5.1.2 on Windows 7. Tom’s Hardware summarized their tests into four categories: Performance, Efficiency, Reliability, and Conformance. In the performance category they tested HTML5, Java, JavaScript, DOM, CSS 3, Flash, Silverlight, and WebGL (WebGL 2 is current as of version 51; and Java and Silverlight stop working as of version 52)—they also tested startup time and page load time. The performance tests showed that Firefox was either «acceptable» or «strong» in most categories, winning three categories (HTML5, HTML5 hardware acceleration, and Java) only finishing «weak» in CSS performance. In the efficiency tests, Tom’s Hardware tested memory usage and management. In this category, it determined that Firefox was only «acceptable» at performing light memory usage, while it was «strong» at performing heavy memory usage. In the reliability category, Firefox performed a «strong» amount of proper page loads. In the final category, conformance, it was determined that Firefox had «strong» conformance for JavaScript and HTML5. In conclusion, Tom’s Hardware determined that Firefox was the best browser for Windows 7 OS, but that it only narrowly beat Google Chrome.[296]
In June 2013, Tom’s Hardware again performance tested Firefox 22, Chrome 27, Opera 12, and Internet Explorer 10. They found that Firefox slightly edged out the other browsers in their «performance» index, which examined wait times, JavaScript execution speed, HTML5/CSS3 rendering, and hardware acceleration performance. Firefox also scored the highest on the «non-performance» index, which measured memory efficiency, reliability, security, and standards conformance, finishing ahead of Chrome, the runner-up. Tom’s Hardware concluded by declaring Firefox the «sound» winner of the performance benchmarks.[297]
In January 2014, a benchmark testing the memory usage of Firefox 29, Google Chrome 34, and Internet Explorer 11 indicated that Firefox used the least memory when a substantial number of tabs were open.[298]
In benchmark testing in early 2015 on a «high-end» Windows machine, comparing Microsoft Edge, Internet Explorer, Firefox, Chrome, and Opera, Firefox achieved the highest score on three of the seven tests. Four different JavaScript performance tests gave conflicting results. Firefox surpassed all other browsers on the Peacekeeper benchmark but was behind the Microsoft products when tested with SunSpider. Measured with Mozilla’s Kraken, it came second place to Chrome, while on Google’s Octane challenge it took third behind Chrome and Opera. Firefox took the lead with WebXPRT, which runs several typical HTML5 and JavaScript tasks. Firefox, Chrome, and Opera all achieved the highest possible score on the Oort Online test, measuring WebGL rendering speed (WebGL 2 is now current). In terms of HTML5 compatibility testing, Firefox was ranked in the middle of the group.[299]
A similar set of benchmark tests in 2016 showed Firefox’s JavaScript performance on Kraken and the newer Jetstream tests trailing slightly behind all other tested browsers except Internet Explorer (IE), which performed relatively poorly. On Octane, Firefox came ahead of IE and Safari, but again slightly behind the rest, including Vivaldi and Microsoft Edge. Edge took overall first place on the Jetstream and Octane benchmarks.[300]
Firefox Quantum[edit]
As of the adoption of Firefox 57 and Mozilla’s Quantum project entering production browsers in November 2017, Firefox was tested to be faster than Chrome in independent JavaScript tests, and demonstrated to use less memory with many browser tabs opened.[301][302] TechRadar rated it as the fastest web browser in a May 2019 report.[303]
[edit]
Downloads have continued at an increasing rate since Firefox 1.0 was released on November 9, 2004, and as of 31 July 2009 Firefox had already been downloaded over one billion times.[304] This number does not include downloads using software updates or those from third-party websites.[305] They do not represent a user count, as one download may be installed on many machines, one person may download the software multiple times, or the software may be obtained from a third-party.[citation needed]
In July 2010, IBM asked all employees (about 400,000) to use Firefox as their default browser.[306]
Firefox was the second-most used web browser until November 2011, when Google Chrome surpassed it.[307] According to Mozilla, Firefox has more than 450 million users as of October 2012.[308][309]
Up to early 2020, Firefox was the second-most widely used desktop browser, and that position made it the third-most popular with 3.82% of worldwide usage share of web browsers across all platforms.[310]
Desktop/laptop browser statistics | ||
---|---|---|
Google Chrome | 66.97% | |
Safari | 9.97% | |
Microsoft Edge | 8.84% | |
Mozilla Firefox | 8.07% | |
Opera | 2.45% | |
Other | 3.69% | |
Desktop web browser market share according to StatCounter for March 2021[311] |
According to the Firefox Public Data report by Mozilla, the active monthly count of Desktop clients has decreased from around 310 million in 2017 to 260 million in 2019.[312]
From Oct 2020, the desktop market share of Firefox started to decline in countries where it used to be the most popular.
In Eritrea, it dropped from 50% in Oct 2020 to 9.32% in Sept 2021.
In Cuba, it dropped from 54.36% in Sept 2020 to 38.42% in Sept 2021.[313][314]
Third-party forks[edit]
Web browsers based on Firefox[315] include:
- Abrowser[316]
- Basilisk
- Classilla
- Cliqz[317]
- Comodo IceDragon
- Ghostery Dawn[318][319]
- GNU IceCat
- K-Meleon
- LibreWolf, a fork focused on privacy and security[320][321][322][323]
- Light Browser[324]
- Mull Browser[325]
- Pale Moon[326]
- Parrotgeek Firefox Legacy (for Mac OS X)[327]
- Swiftweasel
- TenFourFox[328][329]
- Tor browser
- Waterfox[330]
- Wild Fox[331]
See also[edit]
- Firefox User Extension Library
- History of the web browser
- List of free and open-source software packages
- Mozilla Prism
- XULRunner
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This is the English Translation of Previous Citation.
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- ^ «Firefox: Browser Fork». Librehash Forums. January 31, 2021. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
- ^ Proven, Liam (November 4, 2021). «Waterfox: A Firefox fork that could teach Mozilla a lesson». theregister.com. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
- ^ «Wild Fox: Firefox Fork with H.264 Support». OSnews. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
Further reading[edit]
- Cheah, Chu Yeow (2005). Firefox Secrets: A Need-to-Know Guide. O’Reilly. ISBN 978-0-9752402-4-3.
- Feldt, Kenneth C. (2007). Programming Firefox. O’Reilly. ISBN 978-0-596-10243-2.
- Granneman, Scott (2005). Don’t Click on the Blue e!: Switching to Firefox. O’Reilly. ISBN 978-0-596-00939-7.
- Hofmann, Chris; Marcia Knous; John Hedtke (2005). Firefox and Thunderbird Garage. Prentice Hall PTR. ISBN 978-0-13-187004-8.
- McFarlane, Nigel (2005). Firefox Hacks. O’Reilly. ISBN 978-0-596-00928-1.
- Reyes, Mel (2005). Hacking Firefox: More Than 150 Hacks, Mods, and Customizations. Wiley. ISBN 978-0-7645-9650-6.
- Ross, Blake (2006). Firefox for Dummies. Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-74899-1.
External links[edit]
- Official website
- Firefox at Curlie
- Firefox at Microsoft Store
Latest Firefox features
-
Pick up where you left off
Firefox View lets you see your tabs open on other devices and recent history.
-
Edit your PDFs directly
Forget printing a PDF ever again. Start editing forms in Firefox directly.
-
Browse knowing you’re protected
Firefox’s Total cookie protection gives you outstanding privacy by default.
See Release Notes
Do what you do online.
Firefox Browser isn’t watching.
How Firefox compares to other browsers
Get all the speed and tools with none of the invasions of privacy. Firefox Browser collects so little data about you, we don’t even require your email address to download. That’s because unlike other browsers, we have no financial stake in following you around the web.
How we compare to other browsers
We block the ad trackers. You explore the internet faster.
Ads are distracting and make web pages load slower while their trackers watch every move you make online. The Firefox Browser blocks most trackers automatically, so there’s no need to dig into your security settings.
Firefox is for everyone
Available in over 90 languages, and compatible with Windows, Mac and Linux machines, Firefox works no matter what you’re using or where you are. Make sure your operating system is up to date for the best experience.
Review system requirements
Put Firefox on all your devices
Take your privacy with you everywhere. Firefox Browsers for iOS and Android have the same strong privacy settings to block trackers from following you around the web, no matter where you are.
Do it all with Firefox
Make Firefox your own
-
Extensions for every interest
From security to news to gaming, there’s an extension for everyone. Add as many as you want until your browser is just right.
-
Change up your look
Go from light mode to dark mode depending on your mood or preference, or liven things up with a custom theme (rainbow unicorn, perhaps).
-
Tweak your settings
There’s no need to settle. Change up the new tab page, search bar, bookmarks and more to explore the internet the way you want.
Backed by the non-profit that puts people first
Challenging the status quo since 1998
Firefox was created by Mozilla as a faster, more private alternative to browsers like Internet Explorer, and now Chrome. Today, our mission-driven company and volunteer community continue to put your privacy above all else.
Your privacy comes first
As the internet grows and changes, Firefox continues to focus on your right to privacy — we call it the Personal Data Promise: Take less. Keep it safe. No secrets. Your data, your web activity, your life online is protected with Firefox.
Keep all your favorite browser features — and discover new ones.
Works with Google products
All your favorite Google tools (like Gmail and Docs) work seamlessly in the Firefox Browser.
Sync your devices
Firefox is available on all your devices; take your tabs, history and bookmarks with you. All you need is a Firefox account.
Screenshots
Grab a high-resolution image of anything online with our screenshot tool built right in the browser
Picture-in-Picture
From watching a web tutorial to keeping an eye on your favorite team, your video follows you while you multitask.
Questions? Mozilla support has you covered.
You’ve already got the browser. Now get even more from Firefox.
Watch for hackers with Firefox Monitor, protect your email address with Firefox Relay, and more.
Get More From Firefox
«Phoenix (web browser)» redirects here. For the early-1990s web browser developed at the University of Chicago, see Phoenix (tkWWW-based browser).
Firefox 100 on Windows 11 |
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Developer(s) | Mozilla Foundation and its contributors Mozilla Corporation |
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Initial release | November 9, 2004; 18 years ago | |||
Stable release(s) [±] | ||||
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Preview release(s) [±] | ||||
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Repository |
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Written in | C++, JavaScript, HTML, C, Rust, and others[5][6] | |||
Engines | Gecko, Quantum, and SpiderMonkey | |||
Operating system | Linux macOS 10.12 or later Windows 7 or later Android 5.0 or later[7] iOS 13.0 or later |
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Included with | Various Unix-like operating systems | |||
Standard(s) | HTML5, CSS3, Atom | |||
Available in | 97 languages[8] | |||
Type | Web browser | |||
License | MPL 2.0[9][10] | |||
Website | www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/new/ |
Mozilla Firefox, or simply Firefox, is a free and open-source[11] web browser developed by the Mozilla Foundation and its subsidiary, the Mozilla Corporation. It uses the Gecko rendering engine to display web pages, which implements current and anticipated web standards.[12] In November 2017, Firefox began incorporating new technology under the code name «Quantum» to promote parallelism and a more intuitive user interface.[13] Firefox is available for Windows 7 and later versions, macOS, and Linux. Its unofficial ports are available for various Unix and Unix-like operating systems, including FreeBSD,[14] OpenBSD,[15] NetBSD,[16] illumos,[17] and Solaris Unix.[18] It is also available for Android and iOS. However, as with all other iOS web browsers, the iOS version uses the WebKit layout engine instead of Gecko due to platform requirements. An optimized version is also available on the Amazon Fire TV as one of the two main browsers available with Amazon’s Silk Browser.[19]
Firefox was created in 2002 under the code name «Phoenix» by members of the Mozilla community who desired a standalone browser rather than the Mozilla Application Suite bundle. During its beta phase, it proved to be popular with its testers and was praised for its speed, security, and add-ons compared to Microsoft’s then-dominant Internet Explorer 6. It was released on November 9, 2004,[20] and challenged Internet Explorer’s dominance with 60 million downloads within nine months.[21] It is the spiritual successor of Netscape Navigator, as the Mozilla community was created by Netscape in 1998, before their acquisition by AOL.[22]
Firefox usage share grew to a peak of 32.21% in November 2009,[23] with Firefox 3.5 overtaking Internet Explorer 7, although not all versions of Internet Explorer as a whole;[24][25] its usage then declined in competition with Google Chrome.[23] As of December 2022, according to StatCounter, it had a 7.1% usage share as a desktop web browser, making it the fourth-most popular desktop web browser after Google Chrome (66.1%), Microsoft Edge (11.2%), and Safari (9.6%).[26] Across all platforms, it again places fourth with a usage share of 3.04%.[27]
History[edit]
The project began as an experimental branch of the Mozilla project by Dave Hyatt, Joe Hewitt, and Blake Ross. They believed the commercial requirements of Netscape’s sponsorship and developer-driven feature creep compromised the utility of the Mozilla browser.[28] To combat what they saw as the Mozilla Suite’s software bloat, they created a standalone browser, with which they intended to replace the Mozilla Suite.[29] Version 0.1 was released on September 23, 2002.[30] On April 3, 2003, the Mozilla Organization announced that it planned to change its focus from the Mozilla Suite to Firefox and Thunderbird.[31]
The Firefox project has undergone several name changes.[32] The nascent browser was originally named Phoenix, after the mythical bird that rose triumphantly from the ashes of its dead predecessor (in this case, from the «ashes» of Netscape Navigator, after it was sidelined by Microsoft Internet Explorer in the «First Browser War»). Phoenix was renamed in 2003 due to a trademark claim from Phoenix Technologies. The replacement name, Firebird, provoked an intense response from the Firebird database software project.[33][34] The Mozilla Foundation reassured them that the browser would always bear the name Mozilla Firebird to avoid confusion. After further pressure, Mozilla Firebird became Mozilla Firefox on February 9, 2004.[35] The name Firefox was said to be derived from a nickname of the red panda,[36] which became the mascot for the newly named project.[37] For the abbreviation of Firefox, Mozilla prefers Fx or fx, although it is often abbreviated as FF.[38]
The Firefox project went through many versions before version 1.0 and had already gained a great deal of acclaim from numerous media outlets, such as Forbes[39] and The Wall Street Journal.[40] Among Firefox’s popular features were the integrated pop-up blocker, tabbed browsing, and an extension mechanism for adding functionality. Although these features have already been available for some time in other browsers such as the Mozilla Suite and Opera, Firefox was the first of these browsers to have achieved large-scale adoption.[citation needed] Firefox attracted attention as an alternative to Internet Explorer, which had come under fire for its alleged poor program design and insecurity—detractors cite IE’s lack of support for certain Web standards, use of the potentially dangerous ActiveX component, and vulnerability to spyware and malware installation.[citation needed] Microsoft responded by releasing Windows XP Service Pack 2, which added several important security features to Internet Explorer 6.[41]
Version 1.0 of Firefox was released on November 9, 2004.[42] This was followed by version 1.5 in November 2005, version 2.0 in October 2006, version 3.0 in June 2008, version 3.5 in June 2009, version 3.6 in January 2010, and version 4.0 in March 2011. From version 5 onwards, the development and release model changed into a «rapid» one; by the end of 2011 the stable release was version 9, and by the end of 2012 it reached version 17.[43]
Major redesigns of its graphical user interface occurred on versions 4.0 in March 2011, 29.0 «Australis» in April 2014, 57.0 «Quantum» in November 2017, and 89.0 «Proton» in June 2021.
In 2016, Mozilla announced a project known as Quantum, which sought to improve Firefox’s Gecko engine and other components to improve the browser’s performance, modernize its architecture, and transition the browser to a multi-process model. These improvements came in the wake of decreasing market share to Google Chrome, as well as concerns that its performance was lapsing in comparison. Despite its improvements, these changes required existing add-ons for Firefox to be made incompatible with newer versions, in favor of a new extension system that is designed to be similar to Chrome and other recent browsers. Firefox 57, which was released in November 2017, was the first version to contain enhancements from Quantum, and has thus been named Firefox Quantum. A Mozilla executive stated that Quantum was the «biggest update» to the browser since version 1.0.[44][45][46] Unresponsive and crashing pages only affect other pages loaded within the same process. While Chrome uses separate processes for each loaded tab, Firefox distributes tabs over four processes by default since Quantum in order to balance memory consumption and performance. The process count can be adjusted, where more processes increase performance at the cost of memory, therefore suitable for computers with larger RAM capacity.[47][48]
On May 3, 2019, the expiration of an intermediate signing certificate on Mozilla servers caused Firefox to automatically disable and lock all browser extensions (add-ons).[49][50] Mozilla began the roll-out of a fix shortly thereafter, using their Mozilla Studies component.[49][50]
On January 13, 2022, an issue with Firefox’s HTTP/3 implementation resulted in a widespread outage for multiple hours.[51]
Features[edit]
Features of the desktop edition include tabbed browsing, full-screen mode, spell checking, incremental search, smart bookmarks, bookmarking and downloading through drag and drop,[52][53] a download manager, user profile management,[54] private browsing, bookmark tags, bookmark exporting,[55] offline mode,[56] a screenshot tool, web development tools, a «page info» feature which shows a list of page metadata and multimedia items,[57] a sophisticated configuration menu at about:config
for power users, and more location-aware browsing (also known as «geolocation») based on a Google service.[58] Firefox has an integrated search system which uses Google by default in most markets but an update for American users in 2021 made it start including paid promotions by default in its suggestions.[59][60] DNS over HTTPS is another feature whose default behaviour is determined geographically.[61]
Firefox provides an environment for web developers in which they can use built-in tools, such as the Error Console or the DOM Inspector, and extensions, such as Firebug and more recently there has been an integration feature with Pocket. Firefox Hello was an implementation of WebRTC, added in October 2014, which allows users of Firefox and other compatible systems to have a video call, with the extra feature of screen and file sharing by sending a link to each other. Firefox Hello was scheduled to be removed in September 2016.[62]
Former features include a File Transfer Protocol (FTP) client for browsing file servers, the ability to block images from individual domains (until version 72),[63] a 3D page inspector (versions 11 to 46), tab grouping (until version 44), and the ability to add customized extra toolbars (until version 28).[64][65][66]
Browser extensions[edit]
Functions can be added through add-ons created by third-party developers. Add-ons are primarily coded using an HTML, CSS, JavaScript, with API known as WebExtensions, which is designed to be compatible with Google Chrome and Microsoft Edge extension systems.[67] Firefox previously supported add-ons using the XUL and XPCOM APIs, which allowed them to directly access and manipulate much of the browser’s internal functionality. As compatibility was not included in the multi-process architecture, XUL add-ons have been deemed Legacy add-ons and are no longer supported on Firefox 57 «Quantum» and newer.[68][69]
Mozilla has occasionally installed extensions for users without their permission. This happened in 2017 when an extension designed to promote the show Mr Robot was silently added in an update to Firefox.[70][71]
Themes[edit]
Firefox can have themes added to it, which users can create or download from third parties to change the appearance of the browser.[72][73]
Guest session[edit]
In 2013, Firefox for Android added a guest session mode, which wiped browsing data such as tabs, cookies, and history at the end of each guest session. Guest session data was kept even when restarting the browser or device, and deleted only upon a manual exit. The feature was removed in 2019, purportedly to «streamline the experience«.[74][75]
Standards[edit]
The result of the Acid3 test on Firefox 17
Firefox implements many web standards, including HTML4 (almost full HTML5), XML, XHTML, MathML, SVG 1.1 (full),[76] SVG 2 (partial),[77][78] CSS (with extensions),[79] ECMAScript (JavaScript), DOM, XSLT, XPath, and APNG (Animated PNG) images with alpha transparency.[80] Firefox also implements standards proposals created by the WHATWG such as client-side storage,[81][82] and the canvas element.[83] These standards are implemented through the Gecko layout engine, and SpiderMonkey JavaScript engine. Firefox 4 was the first release to introduce significant HTML5 and CSS3 support.
Firefox has passed the Acid2 standards-compliance test since version 3.0.[84] Mozilla had originally stated that they did not intend for Firefox to pass the Acid3 test fully because they believed that the SVG fonts part of the test had become outdated and irrelevant, due to WOFF being agreed upon as a standard by all major browser makers.[85] Because the SVG font tests were removed from the Acid3 test in September 2011, Firefox 4 and greater scored 100/100.[86][87]
Firefox also implements «Safe Browsing,»[88] a proprietary protocol[89] from Google used to exchange data related with phishing and malware protection.
Since version 38 on Windows Vista and newer, Firefox supports the playback of video content protected by HTML5 Encrypted Media Extensions (EME). For security and privacy reasons, EME is implemented within a wrapper of open-source code that allows execution of a proprietary DRM module by Adobe Systems—Adobe Primetime Content Decryption Module (CDM). CDM runs within a «sandbox» environment to limit its access to the system and provide it a randomized device ID to prevent services from uniquely identifying the device for tracking purposes. The DRM module, once it has been downloaded, is enabled, and disabled in the same manner as other plug-ins. Since version 47,[90] «Google’s Widevine CDM on Windows and Mac OS X so streaming services like Amazon Video can switch from Silverlight to encrypted HTML5 video» is also supported. Mozilla justified its partnership with Adobe and Google by stating:
Firefox downloads and enables the Adobe Primetime and Google Widevine CDMs by default to give users a smooth experience on sites that require DRM. Each CDM runs in a separate container called a sandbox and you will be notified when a CDM is in use. You can also disable each CDM and opt-out of future updates
— Watch DRM content on Firefox[91]
and that it is «an important step on Mozilla’s roadmap to remove NPAPI plugin support.»[92] Upon the introduction of EME support, builds of Firefox on Windows were also introduced that exclude support for EME.[93][94] The Free Software Foundation and Cory Doctorow condemned Mozilla’s decision to support EME.[95]
Security[edit]
Firefox allowed for a sandbox security model to manage privileges accorded to JavaScript code, but that feature has since been deprecated.[96] It limits scripts from accessing data from other websites based on the same-origin policy.[97] It also provides support for smart cards to web applications, for authentication purposes.[98] It uses TLS to protect communications with web servers using strong cryptography when using the HTTPS protocol.[99] The freely available HTTPS Everywhere add-on enforces HTTPS, even if a regular HTTP URL is entered. Firefox now supports HTTP/2.[100]
The Mozilla Foundation offers a «bug bounty» (US$3,000 to US$7,500 cash reward) to researchers who discover severe security holes in Firefox.[101] Official guidelines for handling security vulnerabilities discourage early disclosure of vulnerabilities so as not to give potential attackers an advantage in creating exploits.[102]
Because Firefox generally has fewer publicly known security vulnerabilities than Internet Explorer (see Comparison of web browsers), improved security is often cited as a reason to switch from Internet Explorer to Firefox.[103][104][105][106] The Washington Post reported that exploit code for known critical security vulnerabilities in Internet Explorer was available for 284 days in 2006. In comparison, exploit code for known, critical security vulnerabilities in Firefox was available for nine days before Mozilla issued a patch to remedy the problem.[107]
A 2006 Symantec study showed that, although Firefox had surpassed other browsers in the number of vendor-confirmed vulnerabilities that year through September, these vulnerabilities were patched far more quickly than those found in other browsers, with Firefox’s vulnerabilities being fixed on average one day after the exploit code was made available, as compared to nine days for Internet Explorer.[108] Symantec later clarified their statement, saying that Firefox still had fewer security vulnerabilities than Internet Explorer, as counted by security researchers.[109]
In October 2009, Microsoft’s security engineers acknowledged that Firefox was vulnerable to a security issue found in the ‘Windows Presentation Foundation’ browser plug-in since February of that year. A .NET Framework 3.5 SP1 Windows Update had silently installed the vulnerable plug-in into Firefox.[110] This vulnerability has since been patched by Microsoft.[111]
In 2010, a study of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), based on data compiled from the National Vulnerability Database (NVD), Firefox was listed as the fifth-most vulnerable desktop software, with Internet Explorer as the eighth, and Google Chrome as the first.[112]
InfoWorld has cited security experts saying that, as Firefox becomes more popular, more vulnerabilities will be found,[113] a claim that Mitchell Baker, president of the Mozilla Foundation, has denied. «There is this idea that market share alone will make you have more vulnerabilities. It is not relational at all,» she said.[114]
As of February 11, 2011, Firefox 3.6 had no known unpatched security vulnerabilities according to Secunia.[115] Internet Explorer 8 had five unpatched security vulnerabilities; the worst being rated «Less Critical» by Secunia.[116] Mozilla claims that all patched vulnerabilities of Mozilla products are publicly listed.[117]
Firefox 11, released in January 2012, introduced a 3D page inspector that visualizes web pages’ document object model three-dimensionally through WebGL. The feature was accessible from the developer tools.[118]
On January 28, 2013, Mozilla was recognized as the most trusted internet company for privacy in 2012.[119] This study was performed by the Ponemon Institute and was a result of a survey from more than 100,000 consumers in the United States.
In February 2013, plans were announced for Firefox 22 to disable third-party cookies by default. However, the introduction of the feature was then delayed so Mozilla developers could «collect and analyze data on the effect of blocking some third-party cookies.» Mozilla also collaborated with Stanford University’s «Cookie Clearinghouse» project to develop a blacklist and whitelist of sites that will be used in the filter.[120][121]
Version 23, released in August 2013, followed the lead of its competitors by blocking iframe, stylesheet, and script resources served from non-HTTPS servers embedded on HTTPS pages by default. Additionally, JavaScript could also no longer be disabled through Firefox’s preferences, and JavaScript was automatically re-enabled for users who upgraded to 23 or higher with it disabled. The change was made due to its use across the majority of websites, the potential repercussions on inexperienced users who are unaware of its impact, along with the availability of extensions such as NoScript, which can disable JavaScript in a more controlled fashion. The following release added the ability to disable JavaScript through the developer tools for testing purposes.[122][123][124]
In January 2015, TorrentFreak reported that using Firefox when connected to the internet using a VPN can be a serious security issue due to the browser’s support for WebRTC.[125]
Beginning with Firefox 48, all extensions must be signed by Mozilla to be used in release and beta versions of Firefox. Firefox 43 blocked unsigned extensions but allowed enforcement of extension signing to be disabled. All extensions must be submitted to Mozilla Add-ons and be subject to code analysis in order to be signed, although extensions do not have to be listed on the service to be signed.[126][127] On May 2, 2019, Mozilla announced that it would be strengthening the signature enforcement with methods that included the retroactive disabling of old extensions now deemed to be insecure. A Firefox update on May 3 led to bug reports about all extensions being disabled. This was found to be the result of an overlooked certificate and not the policy change set to go into effect on June 10.[128]
In Firefox versions prior to 7.0, an information bar appears on the browser’s first start asking users whether they would like to send performance statistics, or «telemetry», to Mozilla. It is enabled by default in development versions of Firefox, but not in release versions.[129] According to Mozilla’s privacy policy,[130] these statistics are stored only in aggregate format, and the only personally identifiable information transmitted is the user’s IP address.
In November 2018, Firefox began using a sandbox to isolate web tabs from each other and from the rest of the system. Its lack of such a feature had previously earned it negative comparisons with Google Chrome and Microsoft Edge.[131][132]
Since version 60 Firefox includes the option to use DNS over HTTPS (DoH), which causes DNS lookup requests to be sent encrypted over the HTTPS protocol. To use this feature the user must set certain preferences beginning with «network.trr» (Trusted Recursive Resolver) in about:config: if network.trr.mode is 0, DoH is disabled; 1 activates DoH in addition to unencrypted DNS; 2 causes DoH to be used before unencrypted DNS; to use only DoH, the value must be 3. By setting network.trr.uri to the URL 1.1.1.1[permanent dead link], special Cloudflare servers will be activated.[133][134] Mozilla has a privacy agreement with this server host that restricts their collection of information about incoming DNS requests.[135]
On May 21, 2019, Firefox was updated to include the ability to block scripts that used a computer’s CPU to mine cryptocurrency without a user’s permission, in Firefox version 67.0. The update also allowed users to block known fingerprinting scripts that track their activity across the web, however it does not resist fingerprinting on its own.[136]
On July 2, 2019, Mozilla introduced a mechanism to allow Firefox to automatically trust OS-installed certificates to prevent TLS errors.[137]
In October 2019, ZDNet reported Firefox version 68 ESR passed all minimum requirements for mandatory security features during an exam by the Federal Office for Information Security of Germany.[138]
In Mozilla Foundation Security Advisory 2020–03, the company reported that the CVE-2019-17026 vulnerability (type confusion vulnerability in IonMonkey) had been detected in the wild and was being actively exploited.[139][140]
In March 2021, Firefox launched SmartBlock in version 87 to offer protection against cross-site tracking, without breaking the websites users visit.[141] Also known as state partitioning or «total cookie protection», works via a feature in the browser that isolates data from each site visited by the user to ensure that cross-site scripting is very difficult if not impossible. The feature also isolates local storage, service workers and other common ways for sites to store data.[142]
Localizations[edit]
Firefox is a widely localized web browser. The first official release in November 2004 was available in 24 different languages and for 28 locales, including British English, American English, European Spanish, Argentine Spanish, Chinese in Traditional Chinese characters and Simplified Chinese characters and in Bengali script.[143] As of January 2023, currently supported versions 108.0.2 and 102.6.0esr are available in 97 locales (88 languages).[8]
Platform availability[edit]
The desktop version of Firefox is available and supports Microsoft Windows, macOS, and Linux, while Firefox for Android is available for Android (formerly Firefox for mobile, it also ran on Maemo, MeeGo and Firefox OS) and Firefox for iOS is available for iOS. Smartphones that support Linux but don’t support Android or iOS apps can also run Firefox in its desktop version, for example using postmarketOS.
- view
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- edit
Operating system | Latest stable version | Support status | |
---|---|---|---|
Windows | 10 Fall Creators Update and later | 108.0.2 (ARM64)[1] | 2019– |
102.6.0esr (ARM64)[2] | |||
7 and later, Server 2008 R2 and later | 108.0.2 (x64)[1] | 2009– | |
102.6.0esr (x64)[2] | |||
108.0.2 (IA-32)[1] | |||
102.6.0esr (IA-32)[2] | |||
XP SP2+, Vista, Server 2003 SP1+ & R2 and Server 2008 |
52.9.0esr (IA-32)[144] | 2004–2018 | |
52.0.2 (IA-32)[145][146] | 2004–2017 | ||
2000, XP RTM & SP1 and Server 2003 RTM |
10.0.12esr[147] | 2004–2013 | |
12.0[148][149][150] | 2004–2012 | ||
NT 4.0 (IA-32), 98 and Me | 2.0.0.20[151] | 2004–2008 | |
95 | 1.5.0.12 | 2004–2007 | |
macOS | 10.12 (x64)/11 (ARM64) and later | 108.0.2[1] [152] | 2016– (x64) 2020– (ARM64) |
102.6.0esr[2] | |||
10.9–10.11 | 78.15.0esr[153] | 2013–2021 | |
78.0.2[154][155] | 2013–2020 | ||
10.6–10.8 | 45.9.0esr[156] | 2009–2017 | |
48.0.2[157][158][159][160] | 2009–2016 | ||
10.5 (IA-32 and x64) | 10.0.12esr[147] | 2007–2013 | |
16.0.2[161] | 2007–2012 | ||
10.4 (IA-32 and PPC)–10.5 (PPC) | 3.6.28[162] | 2005–2012 | |
10.2–10.3 | 2.0.0.20[151] | 2004–2008 | |
10.0–10.1 | 1.0.8 | 2004–2006 | |
Linux desktop | 108.0.2 (x64)[1] | 2011– | |
102.6.0esr (x64)[2] | |||
108.0.2 (IA-32)[1] | 2004– | ||
102.6.0esr (IA-32)[2] |
Legend:
Old version
Older version, still maintained
Latest version
Notes
- In March 2014, the Windows Store app version of Firefox was cancelled, although there is a beta release.[163]
- SSE2 instruction set support is required for 49.0 and later for Windows and 53.0 and later for Linux, IA-32 support only applies to superscalar processors.
Firefox source code may be compiled for various operating systems; however, officially distributed binaries are provided for the following:
Requirement | Microsoft Windows | Linux desktop | macOS | Android[165] | iOS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CPU | Pentium 4 or newer with SSE2[166] (or ARM64 for Windows[167]) | Any x86-64 and ARM64 CPU[166] | ARMv7, ARM64, IA-32 and x64[166] | ARM64 | |
Memory (RAM) | 512 MB for the 32-bit version and 2 GB for the 64-bit version | 384 MB | ? | ||
Data storage device free space | 200 MB | 80 MB | ? | ||
Operating system | Windows 7 or later Server 2008 R2 or later[164] |
|
macOS 10.12 or newer | 5.0 or newer[7] | iOS 13 or later[168] |
Microsoft Windows[edit]
Firefox 1.0 was released for Windows 9x, as well as Windows NT 4.0 and later. Some users reported the 1.x builds were operable (but not installable) on Windows NT 3.51.[169]
The version 42.0 release includes the first x64 build. It requires Windows 7 and Server 2008 R2.[170] Starting from version 49.0, Firefox for Windows requires and uses the SSE2 instruction set.
In September 2013, Mozilla released a Metro-style version of Firefox, optimized for touchscreen use, on the «Aurora» release channel. However, on March 14, 2014, Mozilla cancelled the project because of a lack of user adoption.[171][172][173]
In April 2017, users of Firefox 52.0.2 on Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2003 and Windows Server 2008 who had automatic updates enabled were migrated to Firefox 52 ESR. Support for these operating systems ended in June 2018.[174]
Traditionally, installing the Windows version of Firefox entails visiting the Firefox website and downloading an installer package, depending on the desired localization and system architecture. In November 2021, Mozilla made Firefox available on Microsoft Store. The Store-distributed package does not interfere with the traditional installation.[175][176]
macOS[edit]
The first official release (Firefox version 1.0) supported macOS (then called Mac OS X) on the PowerPC architecture. Mac OS X builds for the IA-32 architecture became available via a universal binary which debuted with Firefox 1.5.0.2 in 2006.
Starting with version 4.0, Firefox was released for the x64 architecture to which macOS had migrated.[177] Version 4.0 also dropped support for PowerPC architecture, although other projects continued development of a PowerPC version of Firefox.[178]
Firefox was originally released for Mac OS X 10.0 and higher.[179] The minimum OS then increased to Mac OS X 10.2 in Firefox 1.5 and 10.4 in Firefox 3.[180][181] Firefox 4 dropped support for Mac OS X 10.4 and PowerPC Macs, and Firefox 17 dropped support for Mac OS X 10.5 entirely.[182][183] The system requirements were left unchanged until 2016, when Firefox 49 dropped support for Mac OS X 10.6–10.8.[184][185] Most recently, Mozilla ended support for OS X 10.9–10.11 in Firefox 79, with those users being supported on the Firefox 78 ESR branch until November 2021.[186][187][188]
Linux[edit]
Opening Wikipedia main page with Mozilla Firefox 99 on Ubuntu 20.04
Since its inception, Firefox for Linux supported the 32-bit memory architecture of the IA-32 instruction set. 64-bit builds were introduced in the 4.0 release.[177] The 46.0 release replaced GTK 2.18 with 3.4 as a system requirement on Linux and other systems running X.Org.[189] Starting with 53.0, the 32-bit builds require the SSE2 instruction set. Firefox also can run on number of other architectures on Linux, including ARM, AArch64, PowerPC, POWER, Sparc, HPPA, MIPS, s390, and in the past Alpha, IA-64 (Intel Itanium) and m68k.
Firefox for mobile[edit]
Firefox for mobile is a web browser for mobile phones, tablets, and PDAs. It was originally first released for the Nokia Maemo operating system, specifically the Nokia N900, on January 28, 2010.[190] On September 30, 2010, new releases of the browser jumped from version 2 to 4 to reflect integration of the desktop browser’s rendering engine.[191] On March 29, 2011, Firefox 4 for Android was released.[192] Version 7 was the last release for Maemo on the N900.[193]
The former Firefox for Android (codenamed Fennec), was a web browser for Android devices, such as mobile phones and tablets. Its user interface was optimized for small screens and tablets. It included the Awesome Bar, tabbed browsing, add-on support, a password manager, location-aware browsing, and the ability to synchronize with the user’s other devices with Mozilla Firefox using Firefox Sync.[194] It was criticized for being slow,[195] however, in part due to its poor port of Gecko.[196] At the end of its existence, it had a market share of 0.5% on Android.[197]
In April 2013, then-Mozilla CEO Gary Kovacs said that Firefox would not come to iOS if Apple required the use of the WebKit layout engine to do so. One reason given by Mozilla was that prior to iOS 8, Apple had supplied third-party browsers with an inferior version of their JavaScript engine which hobbled their performance, making it impossible to match Safari’s JavaScript performance on the iOS platform.[198] Apple later opened their «Nitro» JavaScript engine to third-party browsers.[199] In 2015, Mozilla announced it was moving forward with Firefox for iOS, with a preview release made available in New Zealand in September of that year.[200][201][202] It fully released in November later that year.[203] In November 2016, Firefox released a new iOS app titled Firefox Focus, a private web browser.[204]
In August 2020, Mozilla launched a new version of its Firefox for Android app, named Firefox Daylight to the public[205] and codenamed Fenix,[206] after a little over a year of testing.[196] It boasted higher speeds with its new GeckoView engine, which is described as being «the only independent web engine browser available on Android». It also added Enhanced Tracking Protection 2.0, a feature that blocks many known trackers on the Internet.[207] It also added the ability to place the address bar on the bottom, and a new Collections feature.[205] However, it was criticized for only having nine Add-ons at launch, and missing certain features.[208][209][210] In response, Mozilla stated that they will allow more Add-ons with time.[211]
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Operating system | Latest stable version | Support status | |
---|---|---|---|
Android (including Android-x86) |
5.0 and later | 108.1.1 (x64)[212] | 2018– |
108.1.1 (ARM64)[212] | 2017– | ||
108.1.1 (IA-32 and ARMv7)[212] | 2014– | ||
4.1–4.4 | 68.11.0 (x64)[213] | 2018–2020 | |
68.11.0 (IA-32) | 2013–2020 | ||
68.11.0 (ARMv7) | 2012–2020 | ||
4.0 | 55.0.2 (IA-32)[214][215] | 2013–2017 | |
55.0.2 (ARMv7) | 2011–2017 | ||
3.0–3.2 | 45.0.2 (ARMv7)[214] | 2011–2016 | |
2.3 | 47.0 (ARMv7)[214][216] | ||
2.2–4.3 | 31.3.0esr (ARMv6) | 2012–2015 | |
2.2 | 31.0 (ARMv7)[217] | 2011–2014 | |
2.1 | 19.0.2 (ARMv6) | 2012–2013 | |
19.0.2 (ARMv7) | 2011–2013 | ||
2.0 | 6.0.2 (ARMv7) | 2011 | |
Firefox OS | 2.2 | 35/36/37 | 2015 |
2.1 | 33/34 | 2014–2015 | |
2.0 | 31/32 | ||
Maemo | 7.0.1 | 2010–2011 |
Legend:
Old version
Older version, still maintained
Latest version
- Notes
- Firefox for iOS is not listed in this table as its version numbers would be misleading; it uses version numbers that do not correspond to any of the other Firefox versions. Those share a core component, the Gecko rendering engine, and track its version numbers, whereas the version for the iOS operating system uses the operating system’s rendering engine (WebKit), rather than Mozilla’s (Gecko).
Firefox Reality (AR/VR)[edit]
Firefox Reality was released for Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality headsets in September 2018.[218] It supports traditional web-browsing through 2D windows and immersive VR pages through Web VR. Firefox Reality is available on HTC Vive, Oculus, Google Daydream and Microsoft Hololens headsets. In February 2022 Mozilla announced that Igalia took over stewardship of this project under the new name of Wolvic. [219]
Unofficial ports[edit]
Firefox has also been ported to FreeBSD,[220] NetBSD,[221] OpenBSD,[222] OpenIndiana,[223] OS/2,[224] ArcaOS,[225] SkyOS, RISC OS[226] and BeOS/Haiku,[227][228][229][230] and an unofficial rebranded version called Timberwolf has been available for AmigaOS 4.[231] An unofficial continuation of the Mac OS X PowerPC release was actively developed as TenFourFox until October 5, 2021.[232]
The Firefox port for OpenBSD is maintained by Landry Breuil since 2010. Firefox is regularly built for the current branch of the operating system, the latest versions are packaged for each release and remain frozen until the next release. In 2017, Landry began hosting packages of newer Firefox versions for OpenBSD releases from 6.0 onwards, making them available to installations without the ports system.[233]
The Solaris port of Firefox (including OpenSolaris) was maintained by the Oracle Solaris Desktop Beijing Team,[234][235] until March 2017 when the team was disbanded.[citation needed] There was also an unofficial port of Firefox 3.6.x to IBM AIX[236][237] and of v1.7.x to UnixWare.[238]
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Operating system | Latest stable version | Support status | |
---|---|---|---|
Solaris | 11 | 102.6.0esr (x64,SPARC V9) | 2011– |
10 and OpenSolaris | 52.9.0esr (IA-32,x64,SPARC V9) | 2005–2018 | |
8–9 | 2.0.0.20 (IA-32 and SPARC V9) | 2004–2008 | |
HP-UX | 11i v2–v3 | 3.5.9 (IA-64,PA-RISC) | N/A |
OpenBSD | -current | 108.0.1 (x64,ARM64) | 2019– |
102.6.0esr (x64,ARM64) | |||
88.0.1 (IA-32) | 2019–2021 | ||
78.14.0esr (IA-32) | |||
-stable | 7.2 | 108.0.1 (x64,ARM64) | 2022– |
102.6.0esr (x64,ARM64) | 2022– | ||
6.9 | 88.0.1 (IA-32) | 2021 | |
78.14.0esr (IA-32) | |||
5.8 | 38.7.1esr (PPC) | 2015–2016 | |
5.7 | 31.6.0esr (SPARC V9) | 2015 | |
-release | 5.8 | 39.0.3 (PPC) | |
5.4 | 3.6.28 (Alpha) | ||
4.7 | 3.0.18 (ARMv7) |
Legend:
Old version
Older version, still maintained
Latest version
Experimental builds and ESR[edit]
Besides official releases, Mozilla provides development builds of Firefox in distribution channels named, in order of most to least stable, «Beta», «Developer Edition» (formerly «Aurora», renamed on November 10, 2014[239][240]), and «Nightly».[241] Starting from Firefox 54, «Developer Edition» is based on the «Beta» build.[242]
Firefox ESR (Extended Support Release) is a version of Firefox for organizations and other groups that need extended support for mass deployments. Each ESR release, based on the regular version released at the same time, is supported for one year.[243] Unlike the regular («rapid») releases, ESRs are not updated with new features and performance enhancements every four weeks, but rather are updated with only high-risk-reduction or high-impact security fixes or major stability fixes with point releases, until the end of the ESR cycle.[244]
Licensing[edit]
Firefox source code is free software, with most of it being released under the Mozilla Public License (MPL) version 2.0.[10] This license permits anyone to view, modify, or redistribute the source code. As a result, several publicly released applications have been built from it, such as Netscape, Flock, Miro, GNU IceCat, Iceweasel, Songbird, Pale Moon, Waterfox, and Comodo IceDragon.[citation needed]
In the past, Firefox was licensed solely under the MPL, then version 1.1,[245] which the Free Software Foundation criticized for being weak copyleft, as the license permitted, in limited ways, proprietary derivative works. Additionally, code only licensed under MPL 1.1 could not legally be linked with code under the GPL.[246][247] To address these concerns, Mozilla re-licensed most of Firefox under the tri-license scheme of MPL 1.1, GPL 2.0, or LGPL 2.1. Since the re-licensing, developers were free to choose the license under which they received most of the code, to suit their intended use: GPL or LGPL linking and derivative works when one of those licenses is chosen, or MPL use (including the possibility of proprietary derivative works) if they chose the MPL.[245] However, on January 3, 2012, Mozilla released the GPL-compatible MPL 2.0,[248] and with the release of Firefox 13 on June 5, 2012, Mozilla used it to replace the tri-licensing scheme.[249]
The crash reporting service was initially closed-source but switched with version 3 from a program called Talkback to the open-source Breakpad (and Socorro server).[citation needed]
Trademark and logo[edit]
The name «Mozilla Firefox» is a registered trademark; along with the official Firefox logo, it may only be used under certain terms and conditions. Anyone may redistribute the official binaries in unmodified form and use the Firefox name and branding for such distribution, but restrictions are placed on distributions which modify the underlying source code.[250] The name «Firefox» derives from a nickname of the red panda.[37]
Mozilla has placed the Firefox logo files under open-source licenses,[251][252] but its trademark guidelines do not allow displaying altered[253] or similar logos[254] in contexts where trademark law applies.[citation needed]
There has been some controversy over the Mozilla Foundation’s intentions in stopping certain open-source distributions from using the «Firefox» trademark.[11] Open-source browsers «enable greater choice and innovation in the market rather than aiming for mass-market domination.»[255] Mozilla Foundation Chairperson Mitchell Baker explained in an interview in 2007 that distributions could freely use the Firefox trademark if they did not modify source code, and that the Mozilla Foundation’s only concern was with users getting a consistent experience when they used «Firefox».[256]
To allow distributions of the code without using the official branding, the Firefox build system contains a «branding switch». This switch, often used for alphas («Auroras») of future Firefox versions, allows the code to be compiled without the official logo and name and can allow a derivative work unencumbered by restrictions on the Firefox trademark to be produced. In the unbranded build, the trademarked logo and name are replaced with a freely distributable generic globe logo and the name of the release series from which the modified version was derived.[citation needed]
Distributing modified versions of Firefox under the «Firefox» name required explicit approval from Mozilla for the changes made to the underlying code, and required the use of all of the official branding. For example, it was not permissible to use the name «Firefox» without also using the official logo. When the Debian project decided to stop using the official Firefox logo in 2006 (because Mozilla’s copyright restrictions at the time were incompatible with Debian’s guidelines), they were told by a representative of the Mozilla Foundation that this was not acceptable and was asked either to comply with the published trademark guidelines or cease using the «Firefox» name in their distribution.[257] Debian switched to branding their modified version of Firefox «Iceweasel» (but in 2016 switched back to Firefox), along with other Mozilla software. GNU IceCat is another derived version of Firefox distributed by the GNU Project, which maintains its separate branding.[258]
Branding and visual identity[edit]
The Firefox icon is a trademark used to designate the official Mozilla build of the Firefox software and builds of official distribution partners.[259] For this reason, software distributors who distribute modified versions of Firefox do not use the icon.[citation needed]
Early Firebird and Phoenix releases of Firefox were considered to have reasonable visual designs but fell short when compared to many other professional software packages. In October 2003, professional interface designer Steven Garrity authored an article covering everything he considered to be wrong with Mozilla’s visual identity.[260]
Shortly afterwards, the Mozilla Foundation invited Garrity to head up the new visual identity team. The release of Firefox 0.8 in February 2004 saw the introduction of the new branding efforts. Included were new icon designs by silverorange, a group of web developers with a long-standing relationship with Mozilla. The final renderings are by Jon Hicks, who had worked on Camino.[261][262] The logo was later revised and updated, fixing several flaws found when it was enlarged.[263] The animal shown in the logo is a stylized fox, although «firefox» is usually a common name for the red panda. The panda, according to Hicks, «didn’t really conjure up the right imagery» and was not widely known.[262]
In June 2019, Mozilla unveiled a revised Firefox logo, which was officially implemented on version 70. The new logo is part of an effort to build a brand system around Firefox and its complementary apps and services, which are now being promoted as a suite under the Firefox brand.
- Logo history
-
Logo of «Phoenix» and «Firebird» before being renamed as Firefox
-
Firefox 0.8–0.10, from February 9, 2004 to November 8, 2004
-
Firefox 1.0–3.0, from November 9, 2004 to June 29, 2009
-
Firefox 3.5–22, from
June 30, 2009 to
August 5, 2013 -
Firefox 23–56, from August 6, 2013 to November 13, 2017[264]
-
Firefox 57–69, from November 14, 2017 to October 21, 2019
-
Firefox 70 and later, since October 22, 2019
- Other logos, used for nightly versions
-
The 2013 Nightly logo
-
The 2017 Nightly logo
-
The 2019 Nightly logo
- Other logos, used for developer/aurora versions
-
The 2013 Aurora logo
-
The 2015 Developer Edition logo
-
The 2017 Developer Edition logo
-
The 2019 Developer Edition logo
- Other logos
-
Blue globe artwork, distributed with the source code, and is explicitly not protected as a trademark[265]
-
The logo for the Firefox brand of products and services, as of July 2019. It appears as if the fox was removed, but this is not the logo for the browser itself.
Promotion[edit]
Firefox mascot at the FISL 16 (2015), Brazil
Firefox was adopted rapidly, with 100 million downloads in its first year of availability.[266] This was followed by a series of aggressive marketing campaigns starting in 2004 with a series of events Blake Ross and Asa Dotzler called «marketing weeks».[267]
Firefox continued to heavily market itself by releasing a marketing portal dubbed «Spread Firefox» (SFX) on September 12, 2004,[268] It debuted along with the Firefox Preview Release, creating a centralized space for the discussion of various marketing techniques. The release of their manifesto stated that «the Mozilla project is a global community of people who believe that openness, innovation and opportunity are key to the continued health of the Internet.»[255] A two-page ad in the edition of December 16 of The New York Times, placed by Mozilla Foundation in coordination with Spread Firefox, featured the names of the thousands of people worldwide who contributed to the Mozilla Foundation’s fundraising campaign to support the launch of the Firefox 1.0 web browser.[269] SFX portal enhanced the «Get Firefox» button program, giving users «referrer points» as an incentive. The site lists the top 250 referrers. From time to time, the SFX team or SFX members launch marketing events organized at the Spread Firefox website. As a part of the Spread Firefox campaign, there was an attempt to break the world download record with the release of Firefox 3.[270] This resulted in an official certified Guinness world record, with over eight million downloads.[271] In February 2011, Mozilla announced that it would be retiring Spread Firefox (SFX). Three months later, in May 2011, Mozilla officially closed Spread Firefox. Mozilla wrote that «there are currently plans to create a new iteration of this website [Spread Firefox] at a later date.»[272]
In celebration of the third anniversary of the founding of the Mozilla Foundation, the «World Firefox Day» campaign was established on July 15, 2006,[273][274] and ran until September 15, 2006.[275] Participants registered themselves and a friend on the website for nomination to have their names displayed on the Firefox Friends Wall, a digital wall that was displayed at the headquarters of the Mozilla Foundation.
The Firefox community has also engaged in the promotion of their web browser. In 2006, some of Firefox’s contributors from Oregon State University made a crop circle of the Firefox logo in an oat field near Amity, Oregon, near the intersection of Lafayette Highway and Walnut Hill Road.[276] After Firefox reached 500 million downloads on February 21, 2008, the Firefox community celebrated by visiting Freerice to earn 500 million grains of rice.[277]
Other initiatives included Live Chat – a service Mozilla launched in 2007 that allowed users to seek technical support from volunteers.[278] The service was later retired.[279]
To promote the launch of Firefox Quantum in November 2017, Mozilla partnered with Reggie Watts to produce a series of TV ads and social media content.[280]
Performance[edit]
2000s[edit]
In December 2005, Internet Week ran an article in which many readers reported high memory usage in Firefox 1.5.[281] Mozilla developers said that the higher memory use of Firefox 1.5 was at least partially due to the new fast backwards-and-forwards (FastBack) feature.[282] Other known causes of memory problems were malfunctioning extensions such as Google Toolbar and some older versions of AdBlock,[283] or plug-ins, such as older versions of Adobe Acrobat Reader.[284] When PC Magazine in 2006 compared memory usage of Firefox 2, Opera 9, and Internet Explorer 7, they found that Firefox used approximately as much memory as each of the other two browsers.[285]
In 2006, Softpedia noted that Firefox 1.5 took longer to start up than other browsers,[286] which was confirmed by further speed tests.[287]
Internet Explorer 6 launched more swiftly than Firefox 1.5 on Windows XP since many of its components were built into the OS and loaded during system startup. As a workaround for the issue, a preloader application was created that loaded components of Firefox on startup, similar to Internet Explorer.[288] A Windows Vista feature called SuperFetch performs a similar task of preloading Firefox if it is used often enough.[citation needed]
Tests performed by PC World and Zimbra in 2006 indicated that Firefox 2 used less memory than Internet Explorer 7.[289][290] Firefox 3 used less memory than Internet Explorer 7, Opera 9.50 Beta, Safari 3.1 Beta, and Firefox 2 in tests performed by Mozilla, CyberNet, and The Browser World.[291][292][293] In mid-2009, BetaNews benchmarked Firefox 3.5 and declared that it performed «nearly ten times better on XP than Microsoft Internet Explorer 7».[294]
2010s[edit]
In January 2010, Lifehacker compared the performance of Firefox 3.5, Firefox 3.6, Google Chrome 4 (stable and Dev versions), Safari 4, and Opera (10.1 stable and 10.5 pre-alpha versions). Lifehacker timed how long browsers took to start and reach a page (both right after boot-up and after running at least once already), timed how long browsers took to load nine tabs at once, tested JavaScript speeds using Mozilla’s Dromaeo online suite (which implements Apple’s SunSpider and Google’s V8 tests) and measured memory usage using Windows 7’s process manager. They concluded that Firefox 3.5 and 3.6 were the fifth- and sixth-fastest browsers, respectively, on startup, 3.5 was third- and 3.6 was sixth-fastest to load nine tabs at once, 3.5 was sixth- and 3.6 was fifth-fastest on the JavaScript tests. They also concluded that Firefox 3.6 was the most efficient with memory usage followed by Firefox 3.5.[295]
In February 2012, Tom’s Hardware performance tested Chrome 17, Firefox 10, Internet Explorer 9, Opera 11.61, and Safari 5.1.2 on Windows 7. Tom’s Hardware summarized their tests into four categories: Performance, Efficiency, Reliability, and Conformance. In the performance category they tested HTML5, Java, JavaScript, DOM, CSS 3, Flash, Silverlight, and WebGL (WebGL 2 is current as of version 51; and Java and Silverlight stop working as of version 52)—they also tested startup time and page load time. The performance tests showed that Firefox was either «acceptable» or «strong» in most categories, winning three categories (HTML5, HTML5 hardware acceleration, and Java) only finishing «weak» in CSS performance. In the efficiency tests, Tom’s Hardware tested memory usage and management. In this category, it determined that Firefox was only «acceptable» at performing light memory usage, while it was «strong» at performing heavy memory usage. In the reliability category, Firefox performed a «strong» amount of proper page loads. In the final category, conformance, it was determined that Firefox had «strong» conformance for JavaScript and HTML5. In conclusion, Tom’s Hardware determined that Firefox was the best browser for Windows 7 OS, but that it only narrowly beat Google Chrome.[296]
In June 2013, Tom’s Hardware again performance tested Firefox 22, Chrome 27, Opera 12, and Internet Explorer 10. They found that Firefox slightly edged out the other browsers in their «performance» index, which examined wait times, JavaScript execution speed, HTML5/CSS3 rendering, and hardware acceleration performance. Firefox also scored the highest on the «non-performance» index, which measured memory efficiency, reliability, security, and standards conformance, finishing ahead of Chrome, the runner-up. Tom’s Hardware concluded by declaring Firefox the «sound» winner of the performance benchmarks.[297]
In January 2014, a benchmark testing the memory usage of Firefox 29, Google Chrome 34, and Internet Explorer 11 indicated that Firefox used the least memory when a substantial number of tabs were open.[298]
In benchmark testing in early 2015 on a «high-end» Windows machine, comparing Microsoft Edge, Internet Explorer, Firefox, Chrome, and Opera, Firefox achieved the highest score on three of the seven tests. Four different JavaScript performance tests gave conflicting results. Firefox surpassed all other browsers on the Peacekeeper benchmark but was behind the Microsoft products when tested with SunSpider. Measured with Mozilla’s Kraken, it came second place to Chrome, while on Google’s Octane challenge it took third behind Chrome and Opera. Firefox took the lead with WebXPRT, which runs several typical HTML5 and JavaScript tasks. Firefox, Chrome, and Opera all achieved the highest possible score on the Oort Online test, measuring WebGL rendering speed (WebGL 2 is now current). In terms of HTML5 compatibility testing, Firefox was ranked in the middle of the group.[299]
A similar set of benchmark tests in 2016 showed Firefox’s JavaScript performance on Kraken and the newer Jetstream tests trailing slightly behind all other tested browsers except Internet Explorer (IE), which performed relatively poorly. On Octane, Firefox came ahead of IE and Safari, but again slightly behind the rest, including Vivaldi and Microsoft Edge. Edge took overall first place on the Jetstream and Octane benchmarks.[300]
Firefox Quantum[edit]
As of the adoption of Firefox 57 and Mozilla’s Quantum project entering production browsers in November 2017, Firefox was tested to be faster than Chrome in independent JavaScript tests, and demonstrated to use less memory with many browser tabs opened.[301][302] TechRadar rated it as the fastest web browser in a May 2019 report.[303]
[edit]
Downloads have continued at an increasing rate since Firefox 1.0 was released on November 9, 2004, and as of 31 July 2009 Firefox had already been downloaded over one billion times.[304] This number does not include downloads using software updates or those from third-party websites.[305] They do not represent a user count, as one download may be installed on many machines, one person may download the software multiple times, or the software may be obtained from a third-party.[citation needed]
In July 2010, IBM asked all employees (about 400,000) to use Firefox as their default browser.[306]
Firefox was the second-most used web browser until November 2011, when Google Chrome surpassed it.[307] According to Mozilla, Firefox has more than 450 million users as of October 2012.[308][309]
Up to early 2020, Firefox was the second-most widely used desktop browser, and that position made it the third-most popular with 3.82% of worldwide usage share of web browsers across all platforms.[310]
Desktop/laptop browser statistics | ||
---|---|---|
Google Chrome | 66.97% | |
Safari | 9.97% | |
Microsoft Edge | 8.84% | |
Mozilla Firefox | 8.07% | |
Opera | 2.45% | |
Other | 3.69% | |
Desktop web browser market share according to StatCounter for March 2021[311] |
According to the Firefox Public Data report by Mozilla, the active monthly count of Desktop clients has decreased from around 310 million in 2017 to 260 million in 2019.[312]
From Oct 2020, the desktop market share of Firefox started to decline in countries where it used to be the most popular.
In Eritrea, it dropped from 50% in Oct 2020 to 9.32% in Sept 2021.
In Cuba, it dropped from 54.36% in Sept 2020 to 38.42% in Sept 2021.[313][314]
Third-party forks[edit]
Web browsers based on Firefox[315] include:
- Abrowser[316]
- Basilisk
- Classilla
- Cliqz[317]
- Comodo IceDragon
- Ghostery Dawn[318][319]
- GNU IceCat
- K-Meleon
- LibreWolf, a fork focused on privacy and security[320][321][322][323]
- Light Browser[324]
- Mull Browser[325]
- Pale Moon[326]
- Parrotgeek Firefox Legacy (for Mac OS X)[327]
- Swiftweasel
- TenFourFox[328][329]
- Tor browser
- Waterfox[330]
- Wild Fox[331]
See also[edit]
- Firefox User Extension Library
- History of the web browser
- List of free and open-source software packages
- Mozilla Prism
- XULRunner
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g «Firefox 108.0.2, See All New Features, Updates and Fixes». January 5, 2023. Retrieved January 5, 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f g «Firefox ESR 102.6.0, See All New Features, Updates and Fixes». December 13, 2022. Retrieved December 13, 2022.
- ^ «Firefox Beta 109.0beta, See All New Features, Updates and Fixes». December 13, 2022. Retrieved December 13, 2022.
- ^ «Firefox Nightly 110.0a1, See All New Features, Updates and Fixes». December 12, 2022. Retrieved December 13, 2022.
- ^ Yegulalp, Serdar (February 3, 2017). «Mozilla binds Firefox’s fate to the Rust language». InfoWorld. Archived from the original on August 19, 2017. Retrieved August 19, 2017.
- ^ «The Mozilla Firefox Open Source Project on Open Hub: Languages Page». www.openhub.net. Archived from the original on October 7, 2021. Retrieved October 15, 2021.
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- ^ a b Corbet, Jonathan (January 10, 2005). «Debian and Mozilla – a study in trademarks». LWN.net. Archived from the original on August 1, 2017. Retrieved September 14, 2011.
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- ^ Weber, Tim (May 9, 2005). «The assault on software giant Microsoft». BBC News. Archived from the original on September 25, 2017.
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- ^ a b StatCounter. «Desktop Browser Market Share Worldwide (Jan 2009 — Jan 2013)». gs.statcounter.com. Archived from the original on October 11, 2017. Retrieved October 23, 2021.
- ^ «StatCounter Global Stats – Browser, OS, Search Engine including Mobile Usage Share». StatCounter Global Stats. Archived from the original on May 26, 2012. Retrieved July 14, 2018.
- ^ «StatCounter global stats – Top 12 browser versions». StatCounter. Archived from the original on May 26, 2012. Retrieved March 12, 2010.
- ^ «Desktop Browser Market Share Worldwide». StatCounter Global Stats. Retrieved September 5, 2022.
- ^ «Browser Market Share Worldwide». StatCounter Global Stats. Retrieved September 5, 2022.
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- ^ Eich, Brendan; Hyatt, David (April 2, 2003). «mozilla development roadmap». Mozilla. Archived from the original on April 10, 2009. Retrieved August 2, 2009.
- ^ See:
- «Phoenix 0.1 (Pescadero) release Notes and FAQ». mozilla.org. May 28, 2003. Archived from the original on May 28, 2003. Retrieved February 26, 2018.
- «Phoenix 0.2 (Santa Cruz) release Notes and FAQ». mozilla.org. December 3, 2003. Archived from the original on December 4, 2003. Retrieved February 26, 2018.
- «Phoenix 0.3 (Lucia) release Notes and FAQ». mozilla.org. December 3, 2003. Archived from the original on December 4, 2003. Retrieved February 26, 2018.
- «Phoenix 0.4 (Oceano) Release Notes and FAQ». mozilla.org. December 3, 2003. Archived from the original on December 3, 2003. Retrieved February 26, 2018.
- «Phoenix 0.5 (Naples) Release Notes and FAQ». mozilla.org. December 3, 2003. Archived from the original on December 3, 2003. Retrieved February 26, 2018.
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This is the English Translation of Previous Citation.
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Further reading[edit]
- Cheah, Chu Yeow (2005). Firefox Secrets: A Need-to-Know Guide. O’Reilly. ISBN 978-0-9752402-4-3.
- Feldt, Kenneth C. (2007). Programming Firefox. O’Reilly. ISBN 978-0-596-10243-2.
- Granneman, Scott (2005). Don’t Click on the Blue e!: Switching to Firefox. O’Reilly. ISBN 978-0-596-00939-7.
- Hofmann, Chris; Marcia Knous; John Hedtke (2005). Firefox and Thunderbird Garage. Prentice Hall PTR. ISBN 978-0-13-187004-8.
- McFarlane, Nigel (2005). Firefox Hacks. O’Reilly. ISBN 978-0-596-00928-1.
- Reyes, Mel (2005). Hacking Firefox: More Than 150 Hacks, Mods, and Customizations. Wiley. ISBN 978-0-7645-9650-6.
- Ross, Blake (2006). Firefox for Dummies. Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-74899-1.
External links[edit]
- Official website
- Firefox at Curlie
- Firefox at Microsoft Store
Запрос «Firefox» перенаправляется сюда; см. также другие значения.
_ | |
Firefox 16.0.1 для Windows 8. |
|
Тип |
браузер |
---|---|
Разработчик |
Mozilla Corporation (Mozilla Foundation), сообщество |
Написана на |
C++, XUL, XBL, JavaScript |
Операционная система |
Linux, Mac OS X и др. UNIX-подобные, Windows, Android |
Языки интерфейса |
русский и др. |
Первый выпуск |
9 ноября 2004[1] |
Последняя версия |
17.0.1 (30 ноября 2012[2]) |
Бета-версия |
18.0b4 (14 декабря 2012[3]) |
Лицензия |
тройное лицензирование: MPL/GPL/LGPL |
Сайт |
www.mozilla.org/firefox |
Mozilla Firefox (произносится моузи́ла фа́йрфокс, [moʊˈzɪlə ˈfaɪ(ɹ)fɑks]) — свободно распространяемый браузер, входящий в набор программ Mozilla Application Suite, разработкой и распространением которого занимается Mozilla Corporation. Третий по популярности браузер в мире и второй среди свободного ПО — в сентябре 2012 года его рыночная доля составила ▼22,4 %.[4] Браузер имеет особенный успех в некоторых странах, в частности, в Германии и Польше это самый популярный браузер с долей 55 % и 47 % соответственно[5]. В России Firefox занимает второе место по популярности среди десктопных браузеров с долей 23 % пользователей к сентябрю 2012 года [6].
В браузере присутствуют интерфейс со многими вкладками, проверка орфографии, поиск по мере набора, «живые закладки», менеджер закачек, поле для обращения к поисковым системам. Новые функции можно добавлять при помощи расширений[7].
Firefox официально выпускается для Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, Android и Linux. Доступны неофициальные сборки для FreeBSD, BeOS и множества других Unix-подобных операционных систем. Код браузера открыт и распространяется под тройной лицензией GPL/LGPL/MPL[8].
Содержание
- 1 Название
- 2 Разработка
- 3 Популярность
- 3.1 2004—2006 годы
- 3.2 2007 год
- 3.3 2008 год
- 3.4 2009 год
- 3.5 2011 год
- 3.6 2012 год
- 4 Возможности
- 4.1 Расширения
- 4.2 Движок Gecko
- 5 Сотрудничество с поисковыми системами
- 5.1 Поиск
- 5.2 Антифишинг
- 5.3 Критика
- 6 Лицензии
- 7 Список версий
- 8 История
- 8.1 Версия 1.5
- 8.2 Версия 2.0
- 8.3 Версия 3.0
- 8.3.1 Мировой рекорд Гиннесса
- 8.4 Версия 3.5
- 8.5 Версия 3.6
- 8.6 Версия 4.0
- 8.7 Цикл быстрой разработки (Rapid release)
- 8.7.1 Версия 5.0
- 8.7.2 Версия 6.0
- 8.7.3 Версия 7.0
- 8.7.4 Версия 8.0
- 8.7.5 Версия 9.0
- 8.7.6 Версия 10.0
- 8.7.7 Версия 11.0
- 8.7.8 Версия 12.0
- 8.7.9 Версия 13.0
- 8.7.10 Версия 14.0
- 8.7.11 Версия 15.0
- 8.7.12 Версия 16.0
- 8.7.13 Версия 17.0
- 8.7.14 Версия 18.0
- 8.7.15 Версия 19.0
- 9 Поддержка платформ
- 9.1 64-bit системы
- 10 «Пасхальные яйца»
- 11 Награды
- 12 Примечания
- 13 См. также
- 14 Ссылки
- 14.1 Обзоры в прессе
Название
Логотип Phoenix в 2002 году
Первоначально браузер назывался «Phoenix» («Феникс»). Спустя некоторое время браузер был переименован в «Firebird» («Жар-птица») из-за конфликта торговых знаков, но и это название позже было изменено на «Firefox» по аналогичной причине. Однако и «Firefox» оказалось торговым знаком The Charlton Company в Великобритании,[9] что было отражено в диалоге «О программе» для англоязычных билдов[10].
Firefox («огненная лиса») — дословный перевод с кит. упр. 火狐, пиньинь: hǔo hú, которым китайцы иногда называют малую панду, в честь которой, по словам разработчиков, и назван браузер.[11] Firefox предпочтительно сокращать как «Fx» или «fx»,[12], однако также используют сокращение «ff».
Разработка
Проект Firefox был начат Блейком Россом (англ. Blake Ross) и Дейвом Ха́йетом (англ. Dave Hyatt), когда они работали в Netscape Communications, бывшей в составе AOL Time Warner. С момента закрытия Netscape Communications весь проект Mozilla управляется созданной тогда Mozilla Foundation, которой принадлежат торговые знаки Mozilla Firefox.
Firefox был выделен из Mozilla Application Suite, код которого был создан с нуля в Mozilla Foundation вместо кода Netscape Communicator 5,[13][14][15] часть которого была выпущена под свободной лицензией Mozilla Public License после поражения в «войне браузеров».
В браузере используется свободный портируемый движок Gecko, созданный с учётом поддержки открытых стандартов. Разработка Firefox ведётся сотрудниками её дочерней компании Mozilla Corporation и добровольцами по всему миру.
Популярность
Рост популярности Firefox
2004—2006 годы
После релиза версии 1.0 9 ноября 2004 года браузер получил одобрение от многочисленных медиа изданий, включая «Форбс»[16] и «The Wall Street Journal»[17]. Более 25 миллионов загрузок в первые 99 дней после выпуска сделали Firefox одним из самых популярных свободных приложений, особенно среди домашних пользователей.
В июле 2005 года, по данным компании Net Applications, накануне выхода первой бета-версии Firefox 1.5 рыночная доля Firefox составляла чуть больше 8 % (Internet Explorer — более 87 %, Safari — 2 %)[18].
19 октября 2005 года Firefox был загружен в стомиллионный раз, всего лишь через 344 дня после выпуска версии 1.0.[19]
По состоянию на ноябрь 2005 года, Firefox занимал уже 9,4 % мирового рынка браузеров, а к середине 2006 года доля Mozilla Firefox составляла, по разным данным, от 11 до 15 процентов, сильно потеснив позиции доминирующего в сети браузера Microsoft Internet Explorer.
2007 год
За 2007 год мировая доля пользователей Firefox возросла с 13,7 % в январе[20] до 16,8 % в декабре.[21] Для сравнения, в декабре 2007 года мировая доля Internet Explorer составляла 76,04 %, Safari — 5,59 %, Netscape — 0,66 %, Opera — 0,64 %.[21]
В Европе, по данным XiTi Monitor, доля Firefox составила в конце 2007 года ровно 28 % и выросла за этот год на 7 %.
По результатам исследования, проведённого Mozilla в октябре 2007 года, 57 % скачавших устанавливают браузер и хотя бы раз запускают его. Среди них 49 % превращаются в активных пользователей. Таким образом, 28 % скачавших копию Firefox продолжают пользоваться ею через месяц[22].
2008 год
В октябре 2008 года глобальная доля браузера Firefox составила 20 %.[23]
На территории России вторым по популярности после Internet Explorer долгое время оставался браузер Opera. Осенью 2008 года доля Firefox в России превысила долю Opera и достигла 20 %[24][25].
Доля Firefox в Европе превышает 30 %.[26]. Интересно, что по выходным доля Firefox немного поднимается — вероятной причиной является то, что пользователи, вынужденные на работе использовать Internet Explorer, дома предпочитают Firefox[27][28].
По данным за март 2008 года, самая большая доля Firefox в Финляндии (45,9 %), Польше (44 %) и Словении (43,7 %). Самая маленькая среди европейских стран доля в Нидерландах (16,4 %) и Украине (15,2 %). Популярность Firefox в Северной Америке и Азии — 21,7 % и 17,2 % соответственно[28]. Родился конкурент Firefox браузер Chrome от Google.
2009 год
Браузер Microsoft Internet Explorer продолжает терять рыночную долю. В январе 2008 года этому продукту отдавали предпочтение 75,5 % пользователей,[29] а в декабре данный показатель составил только 68,15 %.[30]
Месячный прирост доли браузера Mozilla Firefox в 2008 году составил 0,38 % — за год он набрал 4,55 % и в январе 2009 года был установлен на 21,5 % компьютеров.[29][31] Среди пользователей Firefox в январе 2009 года примерно 85 % использовали третью версию браузера (18,3 % от общего числа браузеров).[32]
В декабре 2009 года было объявлено, что Firefox 3.5 стал самым популярным браузером в мире, достигнув доли, равной чуть более 20 процентов. При этом следует учитывать, что сравнение доли Firefox 3.5 с долями Internet Explorer 7 и 8 происходило отдельно (то есть IE 7 и 8 учитывались как отдельные браузеры)[33].
2011 год
По подсчётам StatCounter, в ноябре 2011 года Google Chrome впервые в истории своего существования опередил Mozilla Firefox на мировом рынке браузеров для компьютеров с доступом к Интернету, сместив его на третье место. В отчете StatCounter, опубликованном ресурсом The Wall Street Journal, доля Firefox на мировом рынке браузеров составляет 25,23 %, у Chrome — 25,69 % рынка и Internet Explorer — 40,63 %[34]. Впрочем, по данным других сервисов интернет-статистики, Firefox сохранил второе место на мировом рынке браузеров.
2012 год
По подсчётам StatCounter, в мае 2012 года Mozilla Firefox пользовались 25,55 % и он оставался на третьем месте по популярности. Доля лидера мирового рынка настольных браузеров Google Chrome — 32,43 %, у Internet Explorer — 32,12 %, у Apple Safari — 7,09 %, у Opera — 1,17 %. Как и прежде, по данным других сервисов статистики Firefox остается на втором месте по популярности.
Возможности
Вместо того, чтобы предоставить все возможности в стандартной поставке, Firefox предоставляет механизм расширений, позволяющий пользователям модифицировать браузер в соответствии с их требованиями.
Почти с начала своего существования до настоящего времени Firefox является одним из наиболее гибких браузеров[источник не указан 371 день] с широкими возможностями настройки: пользователь может устанавливать дополнительные темы, изменяющие внешний вид программы, и расширения, добавляющие новую функциональность.
Эта расширяемость достигается, в основном, за счёт использования в интерфейсе разработанного исключительно для Gecko языка разметки XUL, и используемых в Web JavaScript и CSS, что иногда приводит к более медленной работе интерфейса, и повышенным требованиям к оперативной памяти, чем у браузеров, больше полагающихся на функции оконной среды. Для тех, кому нужны функции движка Gecko, а не расширяемый интерфейс, существуют сторонние браузеры, в которых интерфейс реализован по-другому; например, Camino, Epiphany и Kazehakase.
Некоторые свойства браузера:
- блокировка всплывающих окон (англ. pop-up);
- поддержка вкладок (англ. tabbed browsing) (несколько страниц в одном окне)(с версии 2.0);
- встроенная панель поиска в поисковых машинах и словарях;
- так называемые «Живые закладки» (англ. Live bookmarks) — механизм интеграции RSS-потоков;
- почти неограниченные возможности по настройке поведения и внешнего вида, в том числе за счёт использования расширений, тем и стилей;
- поддержка множества расширений — для Firefox их создано многократно больше, чем любого другого браузера;
- встроенные инструменты для веб-разработчика;
- автоматическое обновление как самого браузера, так и его расширений (с версии 1.5);
- Отображение контента сразу (позволяет комфортно продолжать сёрфинг даже при неполной загрузке страницы, что особенно заметно при медленном соединении и большом количестве внедрённых объектов);
- Безопасное хранение паролей для сайтов и сертификатов благодаря возможности задать «мастер-пароль», который шифрует все остальные пароли (используя алгоритм симметричного шифрования 3-DES) и защищает доступ к сертификатам пользователя. Таким образом, кража (извлечение) сохранённых паролей затруднена даже при физическом доступе злоумышленника к компьютеру. При первом вводе мастер-пароля отображается его расчётное качество (трудность взлома).
Поначалу в рекламных текстах Firefox некоторые из этих особенностей приводились как отличительные «от других браузеров», хотя под другими браузерами подразумевался набор функций, с которым были знакомы большинство пользователей Internet Explorer. В результате одни пользователи стали считать их отличительными вообще ото всех браузеров, а другие — критиковать Mozilla за нечестную рекламу. В частности, вкладки (несколько страниц в одном окне) были доступны задолго до этого в браузере Opera, а встроенная панель поиска — в Internet Explorer 4.0. Но некоторые особенности Firefox, наиболее значимой из которых можно считать поддержку расширений, действительно долгое время отсутствовали в остальных браузерах (по крайней мере, в известных).
С повышением интереса и ростом популярности Firefox, заявленная создателями повышенная безопасность стала нередко оспариваться (впрочем, в некоторых случаях это оказывается фикцией), например, Microsoft[35][36].
Firefox имеет достаточно много возможностей, благодаря которым он получил популярность среди пользователей: во-первых, он позволяет открывать несколько страниц в одном окне, экономя тем самым свободное место на панели задач; во-вторых, браузер имеет гибкую систему управления загрузкой графики и позволяет отключать отображение графики на выбранных страницах, а не на всех сразу. Кроме этого, Firefox имеет возможность блокирования всплывающих окон и управления файлами cookies.
Многострочные (по умолчанию) поля ввода текста имеют встроенную проверку орфографии; панель поиска через поисковые системы — подсказки запросов от самих систем.
При разработке Firefox особое внимание уделялось поддержке стандартов W3C.
Существуют также специализированные версии браузера, такие как eBay edition для любителей одноимённого онлайн-аукциона, Campus edition — для любителей музыки и интернет-поиска, и множество фан сборок на Portable модуле[37][38].
Расширения
Управление расширениями Firefox в Gnome 3
Расширения добавляют новые возможности в программы или разрешают модифицировать существующие настройки. Они могут добавить практически что угодно: от кнопки на панели инструментов до совершенно новых возможностей.
Механизм расширений превращает изначальную аскетичность браузера Mozilla Firefox в одно из основных преимуществ: устанавливая расширения, пользователь может выбрать именно ту функциональность, которая необходима ему для комфортного сёрфинга, при этом не занимая рабочее пространство и ресурсы ненужными функциями.
За исключением отладчика DOM, способного сообщить пользователю об ошибке в синтаксисе загруженной страницы и показать номер строки, содержащей ошибку (выделенного с одной из бет Firefox 3.0 в отдельное расширение), и консоли JavaScript, инструментов для веб-разработчика в базовой конфигурации Firefox нет. Однако, существует множество расширений, реализующих необходимую функциональность для веб-разработчиков. В частности:
- JSView[39] — расширение для просмотра внешних файлов страницы
- HTMLValidator[40] — расширение для проверки кода на соответствие стандартам W3C
- View Source Chart[41] — расширение для удобной визуализации разметки страницы
- Firebug — многофункциональное расширение, включающий в себя отладчик, DOM-навигатор и JavaScript-консоль
- Web Developer[42] — расширение предлагающее множество функций для отладки страницы.
Движок Gecko
Основная статья: Gecko
Первоначально движок Gecko предназначался в качестве замены старого движка Netscape Communicator.
Для отладки движка была создана свободная программа Mozilla Suite, на которой и отлаживали Gecko. В 2004 году Mozilla Suite была разобрана на браузер Mozilla Firefox, клиент электронной почты Mozilla Thunderbird, WYSIWYG HTML-редактор NVU, календарь Sunbird и IRC-клиент Chatzilla, который был выпущен в виде расширения для браузера Mozilla Firefox.
На данный момент стабильной является версия движка Gecko 15.0, предназначенная для Mozilla Firefox 15.0.1.
Сотрудничество с поисковыми системами
Поиск
Mozilla Foundation получает средства от компании Google за использование их поиска по умолчанию.[43] При вводе в адресную строку группы слов, не являющейся URL, и не начинающейся с ключевого слова закладок или поиска, запрос передаётся Google, с открытием первого результата (функция Google «Мне повезёт»).
Кроме того, домашней страницей по умолчанию была сделана страница поиска Google, оформленная в стиле Firefox.
Хотя детали сделки не были объявлены широкой публике, финансовые результаты Mozilla Foundation за 2005 год доступны на её сайте.[44]
С версии 3.1 и до 14.01 с установленной по умолчанию русской локализацией в качестве стандартного решения для обработки поисковых запросов вместо Google используется Яндекс, а после выхода версии 14.01 поиском по умолчанию опять стал Google.[45].
Антифишинг
Для защиты от фишинга и других вредоносных сайтов используется база данных SafeBrowsing Google. По умолчанию она скачивается примерно каждые полчаса. В версии 2 пользователь мог по собственному желанию включить отправку каждого URL перед обращением к нему для проверки на сервер Google, что привело к обвинениям в нарушении неприкосновенности частной жизни не знавшими о настройках по умолчанию блогерами.
Режим отправки каждого адреса был убран, но в скачиваемой базе содержатся префиксы хешей, которые при совпадении с началом хеша открываемого адреса отправляются на сервер для получения полных хешей, имеющих данный префикс[46][47][48][49].
Самым значительным обвинением, связанным с данной функцией, остаётся обмен cookies с Google при скачивании базы для удобства распределения ресурсов — включая cookie домена google.com[50]. Адрес сервера, с которого скачивается база, нельзя изменить с помощью графического интерфейса, кроме как используя about: config. Также скачивание базы по умолчанию может привести к лишним тратам у пользователей, платящих за трафик.
Критика
Всё это воспринимается некоторыми пользователями как навязывание услуг корпорации Google и недопустимая для свободного ПО зависимость от неё. MoFo утверждает, что накоплено достаточно средств, чтобы можно было при необходимости отказаться от дальнейшего сотрудничества с Google в случае такой угрозы[51][52] Срок действия контракта должен был истечь в ноябре 2008 года,[53] но в августе был продлён до 2011 года[54] — на 3 года, а не на 2, как раньше.[55]. В 2011 году контракт снова был продлен на 3 года, а стоимость контракта составила порядка $1 млрд[56].
Лицензии
Mozilla Firefox является свободным и открытым ПО:[57] его можно распространять на условиях тройной лицензии Mozilla, создавать на основе исходного кода собственное ПО, и распространять его.
Исходный код распространяется на условиях тройной лицензии Mozilla (MPL/GPL/LGPL). До весны 2006 года[58], часть его распространялась под Netscape Public License и Mozilla Public License, несовместимыми с GNU GPL[59][60][61].
Официальные сборки Firefox 1.0, 1.5 и 2.0 не были полностью ни свободным, ни открытым ПО, так как они включали «Talkback» — несвободную программу для сообщения об аварийных завершениях работы браузера, лицензированную у компании SupportSoft.[62] Это послужило одной из причин к появлению проекта Gnuzilla, который разрабатывает форк Firefox под названием GNU IceCat (ранее — GNU IceWeasel). Firefox 3.0 использует вместо Talkback свободную программу, Breakpad,[63] но сохраняется ещё одна причина появления Gnuzilla: Mozilla распространяет через свои сервера несвободные дополнения, и Firefox предлагает их установку безразлично к лицензии. Также IceCat включает несколько дополнительных функций.[64]
Логотип и название программы являются зарегистрированными товарными знаками, и без специального разрешения их можно использовать только для обозначения оригинального Firefox, и сборок, отличающихся от него в строго определённых пределах.[65] В связи с этим при компиляции исходного кода Firefox можно указать, чтобы использовался неофициальный логотип и кодовое имя выпуска, которые используются Mozilla для предварительных и промежуточных тестовых сборок.
В Firefox 1.0—3.0 тройная свободная лицензия не распространялась на логотип, что делало его полностью несвободным. Это делает официальные сборки Firefox 1.0—3.0 с логотипом несвободными по критериям проекта Debian, а Mozilla не разрешает использовать даже достаточно близкие к официальным сборки без официального логотипа под названием «Mozilla Firefox».[66][67]
Из-за несвободности логотипа и значительных отличий от официальных сборок программа, основанная на Mozilla Firefox, поставляющаяся с операционными системами Debian, стала называться Iceweasel и использовать собственный логотип. Были переименованы и пакеты программы на основе Thunderbird.[66]
Официальные двоичные сборки версий 1.5, 2 и 3, по крайней мере, до 3.0.4 включительно, распространялись на условиях лицензионного соглашения, описывающего лицензирование логотипов и privacy policy (см.: #Сотрудничество с Google).[68] Сборки для Linux стали активно принуждать пользователя к соглашению с ним при первом запуске с версии 3.0. С приближением выхода Ubuntu 8.10 стало ясно, что многие пользователи категорически против этого. Они называли следующие причины:
- Пользователям свободного ПО нравится отсутствие EULA, с которыми надо соглашаться перед использованием программы.[69]
- Наличие privacy policy (политики приватности) для сторонних продуктов без возможности отказа только от этих продуктов и их политики до начала использования,[69] и то, что Mozilla оставляла за собой право изменять её по своему усмотрению, обязывая пользователя периодически просматривать её, если он хочет знать об изменениях.[70]
В результате было решено к версии 1.9.0.5 убрать лицензионное соглашение совсем, заменив его страницей about: rights и ненавязчивой панелью для доступа к ней, появляющейся при первом запуске.[71]
Начиная с версии 3.5, авторские права на файлы логотипов, включаемые в дистрибутив Firefox, также лицензируются под тройной лицензией Mozilla. Никаких прав на товарные знаки при этом не лицензируется.
Список версий
Название | Версия Gecko | Версия | Кодовое имя / Баллы по html5test.com | Дата релиза | Существенные изменения |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Phoenix | 1.2 | 0.1 | Pescadero | 23 сентября 2002 | Первый выпуск; настраиваемая панель инструментов, быстрый поиск. |
0.2 | Santa Cruz | 1 октября 2002 | Боковая панель, управление расширениями. | ||
0.3 | Lucia | 14 октября 2002 | Блокирование изображений, блокировка всплывающих окон, вкладки. | ||
1.3 | 0.4 | Oceano | 19 октября 2002 | Темы, усовершенствования блокировки всплывающих окон, настройка панели инструментов. | |
0.5 | Naples | 7 декабря 2002 | Несколько начальных страниц, улучшения боковой панели и accessibility, история. | ||
Mozilla Firebird | 1.5 | 0.6 | Glendale | 17 мая 2003 | Новая тема по умолчанию (Qute), закладки и усовершенствования защиты, плавная прокрутка, автоматическое изменение размеров изображений. |
0.7 | Indio | 15 октября 2003 | Автоматическая прокрутка, менеджер паролей, улучшение панели настроек. | ||
Mozilla Firefox | 1.6 | 0.8 | Royal Oak | 9 февраля 2004 | Установщик под Windows, автономная работа, закладки и менеджер загрузки усовершенствованы, новый логотип. |
1.7 | 0.9 | One Tree Hill | 15 июня 2004 | Новая тема по умолчанию (Winstripe), усовершенствован импорт данных, новый менеджер тем и расширений, уменьшенный размер дистрибутива, новая справочная система, установщик для Linux, почтовая иконка (только для Windows). | |
1.0 | Phoenix | 9 ноября 2004 | Официальный релиз версии 1.0. Официально локализованные сборки. Добавлены новые функции, такие, как RSS/Atom, поисковая панель, плагин поиска. Перестал поддерживаться 13 апреля 2006 года с выпуском версии 1.0.8.[72] (поддержка для устаревших версий Firefox обычно завершается через шесть месяцев после выпуска новой основной версии).[73] | ||
1.8 | 1.5 | Deer Park | 29 ноября 2005 | Официальный релиз версии 1.5. Официально локализованные сборки. Добавлена поддержка SVG, canvas, откорректирован UI и улучшена поддержка JavaScript 1.5 и CSS 2/3. Перестал поддерживаться 30 мая 2007 года после выпуска Firefox 1.5.0.12.[74] | |
Mozilla Firefox 2 | 1.8.1 | 2.0 | Bon Echo | 24 октября 2006 | Официальный выпуск версии 2.0. Официальные локализованные сборки. Добавлены новые функции, включая восстановление сессии после аварийного завершения, подсказки при поиске в Google и Yahoo!, новые менеджеры поисковых плагинов и дополнений, предварительный просмотр web feed-ов, bookmark microsummaries и защита от фишинга. Обновлена тема Winstripe. Включена поддержка JavaScript 1.7. |
2.0.0.20 | 18 декабря 2008[75] | Исправлены уязвимости в системе безопасности. | |||
Mozilla Firefox 3 | 1.9 | 3.0 | Gran Paradiso | 17 июня 2008[76] | Было внесено более 15 000 исправлений. |
3.0.19 | 30 марта 2010[77] | Улучшена стабильность работы. | |||
Mozilla Firefox 3.5 | 1.9.1 | 3.5 | Shiretoko | 30 июня 2009[78] | Тест Acid3 — 93/100. Добавлен режим приватного просмотра. Улучшения производительности и стабильности нового JavaScript движка TraceMonkey. Улучшения движка Gecko. |
3.5.19 | 28 апреля 2011[79] | Улучшена стабильность и безопасность работы. | |||
Mozilla Firefox 3.6 | 1.9.2 | 3.6 | Namoroka / 188 + 4 бонусных | 21 января 2010 | Тест Acid3 — 94/100. Включает новый механизм переключения между вкладками. Увеличена скорость работы Javascript. Поддержка SVG-анимации, по умолчанию отключена. Поддержка CSS Multiple Backgrounds. Более тесная интеграция с новыми операционными системами Windows 7 и Mac OS X 10.6.[80] |
3.6.28 | 188 + 4 бонусных | 13 марта 2012 | Улучшена безопасность и стабильность работы. | ||
Mozilla Firefox 4.0 | 2.0[81] | 4.0 | Tumucumaque / 298 + 9 бонусных | 22 марта 2011[82] | Тест Acid3 — 97/100. Новая тема на всех платформах. Синхронизация закладок, улучшение менеджера дополнений. Группировка вкладок.[83] Поддержка WebM, WebGL, аппаратное ускорение графики, дополнительная оптимизация JavaScript-движка TraceMonkey под названием «JägerMonkey», улучшение поддержки HTML5 и CSS3. |
4.0.1 | 298 + 9 бонусных | 28 апреля 2011[84] | Улучшена стабильность и безопасность работы. | ||
Mozilla Firefox 5.0 | 5.0[85] | 5.0 | 298 + 9 бонусных | 21 июня 2011 | Поддержка CSS-анимации. Увеличена производительность Canvas, JavaScript движка, сетевых операций и функций работы с памятью. Улучшена поддержка стандартов HTML5, XHR, MathML, SMIL и Canvas. Улучшена интеграция с десктоп-окружениями в Linux. |
5.0.1 | 298 + 9 бонусных | 11 июля 2011 | Исправлены две ошибки в версии для Mac OS X[86]. | ||
Mozilla Firefox 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 334 + 9 бонусных | 16 августа 2011 | В адресной строке теперь подсвечивается домен посещаемого сайта. В менеджер дополнений добавлена ссылка на страницу проверки актуальности версий плагинов. Поддержка EventSource, последней черновой версии WebSockets. Добавлено новое меню «Веб-разработка». Повышена заметность функции Firefox Sync. Уменьшено время запуска браузера при использовании Панорамы. |
6.0.2 | 334 + 9 бонусных | 6 сентября 2011 | Отозванные корневой сертификат для DigiNotar из-за мошеннических SSL выдачи сертификата. Изменено отображение адреса сайтов доменной зоны gov.uk. Тест Acid3 — 100/100. | ||
Mozilla Firefox 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 334 + 9 бонусных | 27 сентября 2011 |
|
7.0.1 | 334 + 9 бонусных | 29 сентября 2011 |
|
||
Mozilla Firefox 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 338 + 9 бонусных | 8 ноября 2011 |
|
8.0.1 | 338 + 9 бонусных | 21 ноября 2011 |
|
||
Mozilla Firefox 9.0 | 9.0 | 9.0 | 340 + 9 бонусных | 20 декабря 2011 |
|
9.0.1 | 340 + 9 бонусных | 21 декабря 2011 |
|
||
Mozilla Firefox 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 342 + 9 бонусных | 31 января 2012 |
|
10.0.11esr | 342 + 9 бонусных | 16 ноября 2012 |
|
||
Mozilla Firefox 11.0 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 345 + 9 бонусных | 14 марта 2012 |
|
Mozilla Firefox 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 345 + 9 бонусных | 24 апреля 2012 |
|
Mozilla Firefox 13.0 | 13.0 | 13.0 | 345 + 9 бонусных | 5 июня 2012 |
|
13.0.1 | 345 + 9 бонусных | 15 июня 2012 |
|
||
Mozilla Firefox 14.0 | 14.0 | 14.0.1 | 345 + 9 бонусных | 17 июля 2012 |
|
Mozilla Firefox 15.0 | 15.0 | 15.0 | 346 + 9 бонусных | 28 августа 2012 |
|
15.0.1 | 346 + 9 бонусных | 6 сентября 2012 |
|
||
Mozilla Firefox 16.0 | 16.0 | 16.0 | 363 + 9 бонусных | 9 октября 2012 |
|
16.0.1 | 357 + 10 бонусных | 11 октября 2012 |
|
||
16.0.2 | 357 + 10 бонусных | 26 октября 2012 | |||
Mozilla Firefox 17.0 | 17.0 | 17.0 | 392 + 10 бонусных | 20 ноября 2012 |
Android:
|
17.0.1 | 392 + 10 бонусных | 30 ноября 2012[93] |
|
||
17.0.1esr | 392 + 10 бонусных | 30 ноября 2012 |
|
||
Mozilla Firefox 18.0 | 18.0b5 | 393 + 10 бонусных | 21 декабря 2012 | Текущая Beta-версия
Android:
|
|
Mozilla Firefox 19.0 | 19.0a2 | 28 ноября 2012 | Текущая Aurora-версия | ||
Mozilla Firefox 20.0 | 20.0a1 | 24 ноября 2012 | Текущая Nightly-версия | ||
Mozilla Firefox 21.0 | 21.0a1 | 14 мая 2013 | Запланированная Nightly-версия | ||
Mozilla Firefox 22.0 | 22.0a1 | 25 июня 2013 | Запланированная Nightly-версия | ||
Mozilla Firefox 23.0 | 23.0a1 | 6 августа 2013 | Запланированная Nightly-версия | ||
Mozilla Firefox 24.0 | 24.0a1 | 17 сентября 2013 | Запланированная Nightly-версия | ||
Mozilla Firefox 25.0 | 25.0a1 | 29 октября 2013 | Запланированная Nightly-версия | ||
Mozilla Firefox 26.0 | 26.0a1 | 10 декабря 2013 | Запланированная Nightly-версия |
Обозначения | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Старая версия | Текущая версия | Бета-версия | Aurora-версия | Nightly-версия | Планируется |
История
Проект Mozilla Firefox [moʊˈzɪlə ˈfaɪɹfɑks] был создан Дейвом Хайеттом и Блейком Россом в качестве экспериментальной ветки от проекта Mozilla Suite. Firefox 1.0 появился на свет 9 ноября 2004 года.
Каждая новая версия с началом разработки получает кодовое имя. Оно используется для неофициальных сборок и альфа-версий браузера. При этом используется и специальный логотип. Сборки для разработчиков имеют кодовое имя Nightly (рус. Ночная), а для тестеров (альфа-версии) — Aurora (рус. Аврора).
В отличие от названия и логотипа, используемых в официальных сборках, они распространяются под тройной лицензией Mozilla (MPL/GPL/LGPL), не являются зарегистрированными товарными знаками, и не имеют дополнительных ограничений на использование.
Версия 1.5
Firefox 1.5.0.3
Firefox 1.5 (кодовое название Deer Park) был выпущен 29 ноября (по другим данным 30 ноября) 2005 г., регулярно выходили обновления в течение полутора лет.
Улучшения в версии 1.5[18] включают: встроенную систему автоматического обновления, ускоренную и улучшенная навигацию, сортировку вкладок посредством механизма Drag and drop, улучшение блокировщика всплывающих окон, функцию Clear Private Data для удаления персональной информации.
Версия 2.0
Mozilla Firefox 2.0
25 октября 2006 г. вышел Firefox 2.0 (кодовое название — «Bon Echo»[94]). За первые сутки, прошедшие с момента официального выпуска браузера его скачали более 2-х миллионов раз. Он построен на базе усовершенствованного движка Firefox 1.5 — Gecko 1.8.1. В нём улучшена поддержка JavaScript, SVG, XML, немного изменён дизайн браузера, введена система защиты от фишинга, разработанная компанией Google. Первоначально планировалось добавить современную систему закладок под названием Places, но из-за трудностей в её отладке она была включена только в Firefox 3.0 (июнь 2008). Добавлена проверка орфографии текста в веб-формах[95].
Версия 3.0
Firefox 3 (кодовое название — «Гран-Парадизо») вышел 17 июня 2008 года.[76] Mozilla заявляет о наличии более 15 000 улучшений по сравнению со второй версией.[96]
В Firefox 3 улучшена функциональность закладок с поддержкой тегов («Places»), предусмотрено внутреннее хранилище SQLite, поддержка анимированного PNG, новый менеджер паролей, и она проходит тест Acid2. Также значительно переработан движок, и на смену Gecko 1.8.1 пришла версия 1.9.
Изменён формат выпадающего списка автодополнения адресов по умолчанию, и улучшен алгоритм автодополнения. Реализована зависимость позиции результата от того, что́ выбирает пользователь, введя определённую поисковую строку.[97]
Мировой рекорд Гиннесса
Официальная дата выхода Firefox 3 называлась «День загрузки 2008» (англ. Download Day 2008),[76] во время которого инициатива «Spread Firefox» поставила мировой рекорд для самой загружаемой программы за 24 часа.[98] В офисе Mozilla в течение 24 часов представители Книги рекордов Гиннесса контролировали рост закачек дистрибутива,[99] который за сутки скачало более 8 млн человек.[100] Сведения были переданы представителям книги рекордов Гиннесса, которым понадобилось несколько дней для проверки данных. Для сравнения, за пять дней после выхода Opera 9.50, её загрузили 4,7 млн раз.[101]
Версия 3.5
Mozilla Firefox 3.5 была выпущена в июне 2009 года, (кодовое название Shiretoko[102]).
Firefox 3.5 использует новый движок Gecko 1.9.1, в браузере были произведены изменения в управлении вкладками, исправления в совместимости с веб-стандартами и улучшения конфиденциальности, включающие новый приватный режим, позволяющий пользователям удалить все личные данные в конце сессии, а также сильно переработан JavaScript-движок.
Кроме того, в финальной версии браузера изменился логотип на новый. Он в целом остался прежним, но изображение лисицы было изменено так, чтобы подчеркнуть его объём; в частности, языки пламени хвоста лисицы стали более явно охватывать планету (англ. planet mozilla).
Версия 3.6
Версия 3.6 (кодовое имя — Namoroka[103]) была выпущена 21 января 2010 года. Версия 3.6 использует браузерный движок Gecko версии 1.9.2.
Новое в версии[104]: Поддержка изменения внешнего вида браузера с помощью Personas, защита от устаревших плагинов, поддержка просмотра видео формата Theora в полноэкранном режиме, поддержка шрифтов WOFF, повышена производительность JavaScript и улучшена поддержка HTML5 и CSS.
Версия 4.0
22 марта 2011 года Брендан Айк, главный технический инженер Mozilla, написал о своих планах насчёт Gecko 2.0 — платформы, на которой будет базироваться Firefox 4.0. Эти изменения включают: улучшение XPCOM API, более строгое написание С++ кода, дополнительный уровень абстракции JavaScript 2 (виртуальная машина, известная как Tamarin project[105]), множественные улучшения безопасности. По словам вице-президента Mozilla Криса Бирда, в Firefox 4 будет более тесная интеграция с контентом, хранящимся на жёстком диске. Будут добавлены функции «TabCandy» (впоследствии переименованная в «Panorama») и «Weave».[106]
В конце декабря 2009 года компания обнародовала информацию о том, что работа над четвёртой версией идёт уже вовсю, причём много внимания уделяется графическому интерфейсу. Кроме того, был объявлен конкурс, в рамках которого пользователям предлагается поделиться своими идеями и пожеланиями. Идеи на конкурс принимались в виде видеороликов.[107]
В этом выпуске планировались не только существенные изменения в платформе, но первое издание официальной 64-битной версии браузера для ОС Windows. По заявлениям разработчиков, эта версия станет последней с длительным циклом разработки — по примеру других браузеров, последующие версии будут выпускаться значительно чаще[108].
Предполагалось, что Firefox 4 выйдет в ноябре 2010 года.[109] Позднее запланированная дата выпуска была перенесена на март 2011 года.[110] Финальная версия Firefox 4 вышла 22 марта 2011 года[111].
Новое в этой версии:
- Изменённый интерфейс, главное отличие которого в расположении вкладок в заголовке окна.
Информация о состоянии и ссылках перенесена со строки состояния (которая заменена на Панель дополнений) во всплывающий элемент интерфейса. Вернуть функциональность строки состояния можно с помощью дополнения «Status-4-Evar»[112]
- Интеграция с Firefox Sync
- Включена поддержка мультитач дисплеев и проект Firefox Panorama[113], который позволяет объединять вкладки в группы и производить над ними различные операции.
- Новый движок Gecko 2.0, в котором была улучшена поддержка HTML5 и CSS3 и добавлена поддержка WebM и WebGL
- Улучшен JavaScript (JägerMonkey)
- Возвращено расширение неразрывных пробелов (U+00A0) в тексте, выровненном по обоим краям (justified) — в версиях 3.x неразрывные пробелы имели фиксированную ширину, визуально отличаясь от обычных пробелов
Цикл быстрой разработки (Rapid release)
Версия 5.0
Релиз выпущен в рамках нового 6-недельного цикла разработки[114].
В пятой версии:
- Добавлена поддержка CSS-анимации
- Настройка посылки заголовка Do-Not-Track была перенесена на панель «Приватность», что сделало её более заметной
- В целях повышения производительности была откалибрована логика обработки HTTP соединений находящихся в состоянии idle
- Повышена производительность тега canvas, движка JavaScript, улучшена работа с памятью, увеличена производительность сетевых операций
- Улучшена поддержка стандартов HTML5, XHR, MathML, SMIL и canvas
- Улучшена функция проверки правописания для некоторых языков
- Повышена степень интеграции с рабочей средой Linux
- Содержимое WebGL больше не может загружать кросс-доменные текстуры
- В целях повышения производительности значения setTimeout and setInterval для фоновых вкладок повышены до 1000мс
- Устранено несколько проблем со стабильностью работы
- Устранено несколько уязвимостей в системе безопасности
Версия 6.0
Firefox 6, выпущен 16 августа 2011 года[115]. В этой версии, в числе прочих улучшений, была добавлена подсветка текущего домена в адресной строке и управление разрешениями (about: permissions).
Версия 7.0
Firefox 7 был выпущен 27 сентября 2011 года. Его главной особенностью является улучшенная работа с оперативной памятью. По данным Mozilla, экономия памяти предыдущих версий Firefox достигала 20, 30 и даже 50 процентов. Теперь же у Mozilla есть другие числа и диаграммы, подтверждающие её заявления о том, что Firefox 7 должен стать самой экономной версией Firefox. 29 сентября 2011 года была выпущена версия Firefox 7.0.1, в которой была устранена редкая проблема, связанная с тем, что пользователи не могли найти часть своих аддонов после обновления.
Версия 8.0
Firefox 8 был выпущен 8 ноября 2011 года. Ряд обновлений и усовершенствований, доработка HTML5, устранение некоторых проблем безопасности.
Версия 9.0
Firefox 9 был выпущен 20 декабря 2011 года. Добавлен Type Inference, который значительно увеличивает скорость работы JavaScript; Улучшена интеграция темы в Mac OS X Lion; Добавлена двухпальцевая навигация в Mac OS X Lion; Добавлена поддержка для запроса статуса Do-Not-Track («Не следить») через JavaScript; Добавлена поддержка font-stretch (растягивания шрифтов); Улучшена поддержка text-overflow (переполнения текста); Улучшена поддержка стандартов HTML5, MathML, and CSS; Исправлены разные проблемы стабильности и безопасности
Версия 10.0
Firefox 10 был выпущен 31 января 2012 года. Теперь кнопка «Вперёд» появляется только если есть возможность перехода вперёд. То есть, если пользователь не осуществлял переход назад, то кнопка «Вперёд» будет отсутствовать. Обратите внимание, что это работает только с крупными значками и только если между навигационным блоком «Назад/Вперёд» и адресной строкой нет прочих элементов. В эту версию вернулся (был исключен в одной из предыдущих версий) обновленный и улучшенный инструмент Инспектор. Инспектор — это инструмент для разработчиков, который служит для удобного обзора элементов составляющих веб-страницу. Добавлена поддержка антиалиасинга (сглаживание) для WebGL. Реализована поддержка функция для создания веб-приложений работающих в полноэкранном режиме; Добавлена поддержка CSS3 3D-Transforms. Добавлена поддержка HTML5-элемента bdi. Добавлен IndexedDB API для лучшего соответствия спецификации. Исправлен сбой, который мог происходить при перемещении закладок.
Версия 11.0
Firefox 11 был выпущен 14 марта 2012 года. Новая версия принесла довольно много новых возможностей и улучшений в плане производительности. Например, она поддерживает протокол SPDY, что обеспечит более быструю и безопасную загрузку данных при помощи протокола SSL. В число других изменений входят новые инструменты для облегчения пользователю перехода с браузера Google Chrome, переноса своих закладок и настроек. Новый инструмент синхронизации Firefox Sync позволит более удобно управлять установленными на браузеры на разных компьютерах аддонами. Включена поддержка технологии Adobe Flash в мобильной версии браузера на устройствах под управлением операционной системы Android 2.3 и более ранних версий. В более поздних версиях Firefox будет реализована поддержка Flash в Android 3.0 и выше. Не забыты остались и веб-разработчики. Режим просмотра страниц Tilt в Page Inspector позволит просматривать HTML код страницы в псевдо 3D-режиме, помогая визуально различать различные уровни сайта. Для работы в этом режиме требуется аппаратная поддержка WebGL. Для работы со стилями предназначен CSS Style Inspector.
Версия 12.0
Firefox 12 был выпущен 24 апреля 2012 года.
В новой версии оптимизирован процесс обновления, работа с оперативной памятью. Обновлены элементы управления мультимедиа.
Версия 13.0
Версия 14.0
Версия 15.0
Версия 16.0
9 октября 2012 года версия 16.0 была доступна для скачивания. Через два дня 11 октября разработчики Firefox заявили о проблемах, связанных с безопасностью браузера http://habrahabr.ru/post/154431/. Однако чуть позже, 11 октября, оперативно была выложена версия с устраненной проблемой в безопасности — версия 16.0.1: http://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/16.0.1/releasenotes/
Версия 17.0
Версия 18.0
Версия 19.0
Поддержка платформ
Мобильная версия Firefox разрабатывалась в первую очередь для смартфонов и КПК на базе Windows Mobile, Android и Maemo (Linux).
В апреле 2008 года была неофициально представлена ранняя тестовая сборка браузера для мобильных устройств под кодовым именем «Fennec» (фенек), созданного разработчиками Mozilla на основе кодовой базы Gecko 1.9/Firefox 3. В первую очередь планировалось сделать доступной сборку для IT OS 2008 (Nokia N800 и N810), далее — поддерживать две платформы: Linux/Qt 4.4 и Windows Mobile 6.[116]
В июне Аза Раскин представил демо-видео набросков интерфейса Firefox Mobile.[117][118] На нём демонстрировались возможности мобильного браузера, в частности, возможность работы в multi-touch режиме,[119] и использования Zooming User Interface.
В октябре 2008 года была официально представлена[120] первая альфа версия браузера. Тестовая сборка доступна для КПК Nokia N810, а также Windows, Linux и Mac OS.
28 января 2009 года вышел[121] Firefox Mobile 1.0 для устройств на базе Maemo.
В октябре 2010 вышла[122] бета-версия Firefox 4 для устройств на базе мобильных операционных систем Android и Maemo. Веб-обозреватель построен на той же платформе, что и Firefox для компьютеров, и обладает схожей функциональностью: c помощью функции Firefox Sync можно синхронизировать с настольным компьютером или ноутбуком историю посещённых страниц, закладок, паролей и т. п. Также реализована адресная панель «Awesome Bar», заявлена поддержка мультитача и улучшена работа с различными веб-технологиями (HTML5, CSS и др.). Данная бета версия браузера скомпилирована под архитектуру процессора ARMv7 и ARMv6.
Существуют и другие проекты на основе движка Gecko. Обладатели КПК Nokia N800 с последней версией платформы Internet Tablet OS 2007 могут пользоваться браузером «MicroB», созданным командой Maemo в рамках проекта Mozilla. В MicroB используется Gecko 1.9 (тот, что в Fx 3). Поддерживается установка расширений в виде пакетов в формате .deb.[123]
64-bit системы
Операционная система | поддержка 64-bit |
---|---|
Windows | Доступна в nightly builds |
Mac OS X | Да |
Linux | Да |
«Пасхальные яйца»
Следующие команды («адреса» с префиксом about:) вводятся в адресную строку:
- about:robots — послание роботов землянам (только в Firefox 3.x и выше)
-
- В заголовке окна — команда для деактивации робота из фильма «День, когда остановилась Земля».
- Первый пункт послания является первым из трёх законов роботехники Айзека Азимова
- Второй — цитата из фильма «Бегущий по лезвию».
- Третий — определение слова «робот», данное отделом маркетинга Сирианской Кибернетической Корпорации в романе Дугласа Адамса «Автостопом по галактике» (Кнопка под посланием тоже может быть отсылкой к вышеупомянутому роману).
- Четвёртый основан на любимой фразе робота Бендера из мультсериала «Футурама».
- В подписи использована фраза из заставки телевизионного сериала «Звёздный крейсер „Галактика“».
- Снизу находится кнопка «Попробовать снова». При нажатии она меняется на «Пожалуйста, больше не нажимайте эту кнопку». При втором нажатии исчезает.
- about:mozilla — «великая» книга Mozilla.
- about:config — консоль конфигурации. В Firefox 3.x и выше появляется оформленное в виде шутки предупреждение об опасности неосторожного изменения настроек неопытными пользователями: «Будьте осторожны, а то лишитесь гарантии!»
Подробнее по этой теме см.: about:#Mozilla-специфичные about: адреса.
Где живёт Firefox?
Если в программе Google Планета Земля или в Картах Google ввести координаты 45° 7′ 25.87″N 123° 6′ 48.97″W, то можно будет увидеть эмблему Firefox на поле.[124] А если нажать на надпись «Mozilla Firefox», то появится начало статьи в Википедии про браузер.
Награды
Браузер Mozilla Firefox получил множество наград от различных организаций, среди которых:
- Webware 100 winner, апрель 2008[125]
- Webware 100 winner, июнь 2007[126]
- PC World 100 Best Products of 2007, май 2007[127]
- PC Magazine Editors’ Choice, октябрь 2006[128]
- CNET Editors’ Choice, октябрь 2006[129]
- PC World’s 100 Best Products of 2006, июль 2006[130]
- PC Magazine Technical Excellence Award, в категории «Программное обеспечение и инструменты разработчика», январь 2006[131]
- PC Magazine Best of the Year Award, 27 декабря 2005[132]
- PC Pro Real World Award (Mozilla Foundation), 8 декабря 2005[133]
- CNET Editors’ Choice, ноябрь 2005[134]
- UK Usability Professionals’ Association Award Best Software Application 2005, ноябрь 2005[135]
- Macworld Editor’s Choice with a 4.5 Mice Rating, ноябрь 2005[136]
- Softpedia User’s Choice Award, сентябрь 2005[137]
- TUX 2005 Readers’ Choice Award, сентябрь 2005[138]
- PC World Product of the Year, июнь 2005[139]
- Forbes Best of the Web, май 2005[140]
- PC Magazine Editor’s Choice Award, май 2005[141]
Примечания
- ↑ Mozilla holds ‘fire’ in naming fight (англ.). CNET News (9 февраля 2004 года). Проверено 23 марта 2011 года.
- ↑ Последняя версия. Архивировано из первоисточника 1 декабря 2012. Проверено 1 декабря 2012.
- ↑ Бета-версия. Архивировано из первоисточника 11 декабря 2012. Проверено 15 декабря 2012.
- ↑ Statcounter.com. Архивировано из первоисточника 28 января 2011.
- ↑ Top 5 Browsers in Germany. StatCounter Global Stats. StatCounter. Архивировано из первоисточника 30 мая 2012. Проверено 11 августа 2011.
- ↑ Top 5 browsers in Russian Federation on sep 2012
- ↑ Дополнения Firefox
- ↑ Mozilla Code Licensing. Mozilla Foundation. Архивировано из первоисточника 30 мая 2012. Проверено 17 сентября 2007.
- ↑ Case details for Trade Mark 2007607 (англ.). UK Intellectual Property Office (Patent Office) (26 февраля 2008). Проверено 26 февраля 2008.
- ↑ См. также В диалоге «О программе»
- ↑ Mozilla Firefox — Brand Name FAQ (англ.). Mozilla Foundation. Архивировано из первоисточника 30 мая 2012. Проверено 19 октября 2007.
- ↑ How do I spell Firefox? How do I abbreviate it? (англ.).
- ↑ PRNewswire: Netscape Announces Plans to Make Next-Generation Communicator Source Code Available Free on the Net, 22 января 1998
- ↑ Percy Cabello. Ten years of Mozilla • Mozilla Links
- ↑ Ten years of Mozilla, 22 января 2008
- ↑ Better Browser Now The Best Forbes
- ↑ Walter S. Mossberg. How to Protect Yourself From Vandals, Viruses If You Use Windows (англ.). Архивировано из первоисточника 21 февраля 2007.
- ↑ 1 2 Радиостанция «Эхо Москвы» / Передачи / Эхонет / Понедельник, 19.09.2005
- ↑ Firefox Surpasses 100 Million Downloads! (англ.). mozilla.org. Архивировано из первоисточника 30 мая 2012.
- ↑ Report
- ↑ 1 2 Report
- ↑ Firefox’s Funnel Factor (англ.). Blog of Metrics (2 ноября 2007). Архивировано из первоисточника 30 мая 2012. Проверено 4 ноября 2007.
- ↑ Report
- ↑ Openstat Тренды
- ↑ Статистика сайта «Сайты Рунета»
- ↑ AT Internet Institute — Article (англ.)
- ↑ Доля Firefox на европейском рынке браузеров достигла почти 30 процентов — Интернет и связь — Браузеры — Mozilla — Компьюлента
- ↑ 1 2 AT Internet Institute — Article (англ.)
- ↑ 1 2 Report (англ.)
- ↑ Report> (англ.)
- ↑ Report
- ↑ Report
- ↑ Firefox 3.5 стал самым популярным браузером в мире. Lenta.ru (21 декабря 2009 года). Архивировано из первоисточника 30 мая 2012. Проверено 12 августа 2010.
- ↑ StatCounter: Chrome впервые превзошел по популярности Firefox
- ↑ Microsoft решила победить конкурентов словом, назвав FireFox опасным, sostav.ru, 5 декабря 2007 г
- ↑ Какой браузер безопаснее — Internet Explorer или Mozilla Firefox?, eplus.com.ua, 7 декабря 2007 г
- ↑ Mozilla Firefox, Portable Edition | PortableApps.com — Portable software for USB drives (англ.)
- ↑ Mozilla Firefox Campus Edition 2.0.0.6 — новый вариант альтернативного браузера с социальным уклоном : Overclockers.ru
- ↑ JSView :: Add-ons for Firefox
- ↑ Html Validator :: Add-ons for Firefox
- ↑ View Source Chart :: Add-ons for Firefox
- ↑ Web Developer
- ↑ A dangerous conflict of interest between Firefox and Google | Surveillance State — CNET Blogs (англ.)
- ↑ Mozilla Foundation Documents (англ.)
- ↑ Русский Firefox променял Google на Яндекс. Softodrom (10 января 2009). Архивировано из первоисточника 17 апреля 2012. Проверено 9 июля 2009.
- ↑ 3.7. HTTP Request for Full-Length Hashes (англ.). Protocolv2Spec: Client specification for the Google Safe Browsing v2.1 protocol. Google, Inc. (20 ноября 2007). Архивировано из первоисточника 30 мая 2012. Проверено 13 сентября 2008.
- ↑ Google Safe Browsing Service in Mozilla Firefox Version 3 (англ.). Google Code. Google. Архивировано из первоисточника 30 мая 2012. Проверено 18 сентября 2008.
- ↑ Bug 368255 — shouldn’t send Google’s cookie with SafeBrowsing API requests (англ.)
- ↑ Mozilla Firefox Privacy (англ.). Mozilla (июнь 2008). Архивировано из первоисточника 30 мая 2012. Проверено 18 сентября 2008.
- ↑ Bug 368255: shouldn’t send Google’s cookie with SafeBrowsing API requests (sandbox it instead) (англ.). Bugzilla@Mozilla (25 января 2007 — 12 марта 2008). Проверено 20 марта 2008.
- ↑ Mozilla 2006 Financial FAQ (англ.). Архивировано из первоисточника 22 февраля 2012. Проверено 1 ноября 2007.
- ↑ Gregg Keizer. Mozilla can live without Google’s money, Baker says. Thunderbird spin-off should find its own revenue, the Mozilla CEO adds (англ.). Computerworld (25 октября 2007). Архивировано из первоисточника 30 мая 2012. Проверено ???.
- ↑ Mozilla Foundation and Subsidiary: Independent auditors’ report and Consolidated Financial Statements (англ.). Hood & Strong, LLP. — о сотрудничестве с Google см. стр. 13, note 8.. Архивировано из первоисточника 22 февраля 2012. Проверено 11 октября 2007.
- ↑ Mitchell Baker. Firefox Summit Reflections (англ.) (26 августа 2008). Архивировано из первоисточника 30 мая 2012. Проверено 28 августа 2008.
- ↑ Tristan Nitot. Mozilla’s future: financial resources secured (англ.) (28 августа 2008). Архивировано из первоисточника 30 мая 2012. Проверено 28 августа 2008.
- ↑ lenta.ru СМИ узнали стоимость сделки между Google и Mozilla. Архивировано из первоисточника 19 декабря 2012.
- ↑ Исходный код распространяется под лицензиями, одобренными Open Source Initiative
- ↑ Gervase Markham Relicensing Complete (англ.). mozillaZine (31 March 2006). Архивировано из первоисточника 30 мая 2012. Проверено 2 декабря 2010.
- ↑ Mozilla Relicensing FAQ (англ.). Mozilla. Архивировано из первоисточника 30 мая 2012. Проверено 21 ноября 2008.
- ↑ Richard Stallman. On the Netscape Public License (англ.). Free Software Foundation. Архивировано из первоисточника 30 мая 2012. Проверено 21 ноября 2008.
- ↑ Various Licenses and Comments about Them. Mozilla Public License (MPL) (англ.). Free Software Foundation. Архивировано из первоисточника 30 мая 2012. Проверено 21 ноября 2008.
- ↑ Firefox Clicks With SupportSoft Service Automation Software to Enhance End-User Experience (англ.). EE Times (17 октября 2005). Архивировано из первоисточника 30 мая 2012. Проверено 23 мая 2009.
- ↑ Percy Cabello. Progress in Breakpad, Firefox 3 crash report tool (англ.). Mozilla Links (29 марта 2007). Архивировано из первоисточника 30 мая 2012. Проверено 21 ноября 2008.
- ↑ Gnuzilla / IceCat (англ.). Free Software Directory. Free Software Foundation, Inc. (2 сентября 2008). Архивировано из первоисточника 30 мая 2012. Проверено 21 ноября 2008.
- ↑ Mozilla Trademark Policy (англ.). mozilla.org. Архивировано из первоисточника 30 мая 2012. Проверено 21 ноября 2008.
- ↑ 1 2 Debian Bug report logs #354622: Uses Mozilla Firefox trademark without permission (англ.). Debian.org. Архивировано из первоисточника 30 мая 2012. Проверено 21 ноября 2008.
- ↑ Sean Michael Kerner. Firefox Not Really Free? (англ.). InternetNews. Jupitermedia. Архивировано из первоисточника 30 мая 2012. Проверено 21 ноября 2008.
- ↑ Mozilla End-User Licensing Agreements (EULAs) (англ.). Mozilla. Архивировано из первоисточника 30 мая 2012. Проверено 21 ноября 2008.
- ↑ 1 2 Bug 439604: Firefox 3.0 requires agreement of non-Free EULA (англ.). Проверено 21 ноября 2008.
- ↑ Bug 439858: Formulation of the EULA makes the product unusable (англ.). Проверено 21 ноября 2008.
- ↑ Bug 462254: Remove EULA from Firefox installer / .dmg and related bits (англ.). Проверено 21 ноября 2008.
- ↑ Firefox 1.0.8 Security and Stability Release and End-of-Life for 1.0.x. Mozilla Developer Center (13 апреля 2006). Архивировано из первоисточника 30 мая 2012. Проверено 28 октября 2007.
- ↑ Release Roadmap. Mozilla. Архивировано из первоисточника 30 мая 2012. Проверено 17 ноября 2007.
- ↑ Firefox 2.0.0.4 and Firefox 1.5.0.12 Security and Stability Update. Mozilla Developer Center (30 мая 2007). Архивировано из первоисточника 30 мая 2012. Проверено 28 октября 2007.
- ↑ Mozilla Firefox 2.0.0.20 Release Notes (англ.)
- ↑ 1 2 3 Страница Дня Загрузки 2008, где объявлена дата выпуска
- ↑ Mozilla Firefox — 3.0.19 Примечания к выпуску | Mozilla Europe (рус.)
- ↑ Mozilla Firefox — 3.5 Примечания к выпуску | Mozilla Europe (рус.)
- ↑ Mozilla Firefox 3.5.19 Release Notes (англ.)
- ↑ Firefox/Namoroka — MozillaWiki
- ↑ В альфа-версиях, выпускавшихся до 28 июня 2010, версия Gecko обозначалась 1.9.3.
- ↑ Финальная версия Mozilla Firefox 4 дебютирует 22 марта — Ferra.ru
- ↑ Firefox 4 Beta Updated with Sync and Panorama, blog.mozilla.com (24 августа 2010).
- ↑ Mozilla Firefox 4.0.1 Release Notes
- ↑ В пре-альфа-версиях, выпускавшихся до 12 апреля 2011, версия Gecko обозначалась 2.2.
- ↑ Release Notes v.5.0.1 (англ.). Mozilla (11 июля 2011). Архивировано из первоисточника 30 мая 2012. Проверено 26 апреля 2012.
- ↑ Примечания к выпуску Firefox 7.0. Mozilla Europe (27 сентября 2011). Архивировано из первоисточника 30 мая 2012.
- ↑ Примечания к выпуску Firefox 8.0. Mozilla (7 ноября 2011).
- ↑ Mozilla Firefox Release Notes (англ.)
- ↑ Firefox Notes — Desktop
- ↑ OpenNews: Начало бета-тестирования Firefox 14 и создание aurora-ветки Firefox 15
- ↑ Index of mozilla.org (англ.)
- ↑ RapidRelease/Calendar — MozillaWiki (англ.)
- ↑ Mozilla Bon Echo Alpha 1 Release Notes
- ↑ Mozilla Firefox 2 Release Notes
- ↑ Firefox 3 выйдет 17 июня
- ↑ Bug 395739: adaptive learning (match entered text to selected item) in url bar autocomplete (англ.). Bugzilla@Mozilla (10 сентября 2007 — 10 марта 2008). Проверено 10 марта 2008.
- ↑ День Загрузки 2008 / Огненный лис / Хабрахабр
- ↑ Firefox 3 за 14 часов скачали пять миллионов раз. Lenta.ru (18 июня 2008 года). Архивировано из первоисточника 17 апреля 2012. Проверено 12 августа 2010.
- ↑ Spread Firefox | The Home of Firefox Community Marketing
- ↑ OpenNews: Firefox 3 за сутки скачали 8 миллионов раз
- ↑ Firefox 3.5 «Shiretoko» (12 июня 2008). Проверено 12 июня 2008.
- ↑ Namoroka. Mozilla (8 августа 2009). Проверено 14 августа 2009. (англ.)
- ↑ Примечания к выпуску Firefox 3.6
- ↑ Tamarin Project
- ↑ CNews: Mozilla работает над Firefox 4
- ↑ Mozilla предлагает всем помочь в разработке дизайна Firefox 4
- ↑ Mozilla: Firefox 4 will be our last big release
- ↑ Firefox 4 roadmap revealed.(недоступная ссылка — история)
- ↑ Firefox Roadmap.
- ↑ Releases – Mozilla Wiki. Mozilla. Проверено 16 марта 2011.
- ↑ Status-4-Evar :: Дополнения Firefox
- ↑ Аза Раскин Firefox Panorama: Tab Candy Evolved. Архивировано из первоисточника 30 мая 2012. Проверено 11 сентября 2010.
- ↑ Mozilla Firefox Rapid Release Calendar. Mozilla (1 января 2012). Проверено 31 января 2012.
- ↑ Mozilla Firefox Web Browser — Free Download. Mozilla. Архивировано из первоисточника 30 мая 2012.
- ↑ OpenNews: Представлена мобильная версия Firefox 3, оказавшаяся в 6 раз быстрее браузера Nokia N800
- ↑ Firefox Mobile Concept Video: Aza on Design
- ↑ Firefox Mobile: Mozilla показывает демо-видео — Новости — Onliner
- ↑ Выход финальной версии Firefox 3.0 состоится 17 июня | Сайт журнала «Компьютерное Обозрение»
- ↑ Fennec M9 (user experience alpha) for Maemo release notes
- ↑ Firefox for Nokia N900 Release Notes
- ↑ Firefox 4 Beta for Android and Maemo is Now Available :: The Mozilla Blog
- ↑ MicroB браузер на базе Mozilla для Nokia N800. HPC.ru (24 июля 2007). Архивировано из первоисточника 30 мая 2012. Проверено 27 февраля 2011.
- ↑ 45° 7′ 25.87″N 123° 6′ 48.97″W — Карты Google
- ↑ Webware 100 Award Winner Firefox (???). Архивировано из первоисточника 30 мая 2012. Проверено 25 апреля 2008.
- ↑ Webware 100 Award Winner Firefox (???). Архивировано из первоисточника 30 мая 2012. Проверено 22 октября 2007.
- ↑ The 100 Best Products of 2007 (???). Архивировано из первоисточника 30 мая 2012. Проверено 22 октября 2007.
- ↑ Firefox 2.0 Review (???). Архивировано из первоисточника 30 мая 2012. Проверено 22 октября 2007.
- ↑ Firefox 2 CNET Editor’s Review (???). Архивировано из первоисточника 30 мая 2012. Проверено 22 октября 2007.
- ↑ The 100 Best Products of 2006 (???). Архивировано из первоисточника 30 мая 2012. Проверено 22 октября 2007.
- ↑ Mozilla Firefox & Altiris SVS (???). Архивировано из первоисточника 30 мая 2012. Проверено 22 октября 2007.
- ↑ Best of the Year, Software: Home, Firefox (???). Архивировано из первоисточника 30 мая 2012. Проверено 22 октября 2007.
- ↑ PC Pro Awards 2005 — the winners (???). Архивировано из первоисточника 30 мая 2012. Проверено 22 октября 2007.
- ↑ Firefox 1.5, CNET editors’ review (???). Архивировано из первоисточника 30 мая 2012. Проверено 22 октября 2007.
- ↑ First UK UPA Awards commend Firefox, Flickr, Google, Apple, John Lewis and BA (???).(недоступная ссылка — история) Проверено 22 октября 2007.
- ↑ Web browser roundup (???). Архивировано из первоисточника 30 мая 2012. Проверено 22 октября 2007.
- ↑ Firefox Receives Softpedia User’s Choice Award (???). Архивировано из первоисточника 30 мая 2012. Проверено 22 октября 2007.
- ↑ UX 2005 Readers’ Choice Award Winners Announced (???). Архивировано из первоисточника 30 мая 2012. Проверено 22 октября 2007.
- ↑ The 100 Best Products of 2005 (???). Архивировано из первоисточника 30 мая 2012. Проверено 22 октября 2007.
- ↑ Best of the Web, BOW Directory, Look It Up, Web Browsers, Firefox (???). Архивировано из первоисточника 30 мая 2012. Проверено 22 октября 2007.
- ↑ Firefox 1.0.3 (???). Архивировано из первоисточника 30 мая 2012. Проверено 22 февраля 2011.
См. также
Портал «Свободное программное обеспечение» | |
Mozilla Firefox в Викиучебнике? | |
Mozilla Firefox на Викискладе? | |
Mozilla в Викиновостях? |
- История Mozilla Firefox
- Список расширений Firefox
- The Book of Mozilla
- Mozilla Firefox — Portable Edition
- Rosenfox Portable
- Сравнение браузеров
- Список браузеров
- Война браузеров
- SeaMonkey
Ссылки
- Официальный сайт Firefox.
- Официальная страница проекта Firefox.
- Проект Firefox на SourceForge.net.
- Дополнения для Firefox.
- Firefox на сайте русского сообщества Mozilla.
Обзоры в прессе
- Michael Muchmore Firefox 4.0 (англ.). PCMag.com (22 марта 2011 года). Архивировано из первоисточника 19 мая 2012. Проверено 27 марта 2011.
Проекты Mozilla Foundation | |
---|---|
Браузеры |
Camino • Firefox (2 • 3 • 3.5 • 4 • история версий • Mobile) • SeaMonkey |
Другие проекты |
Firefox OS • Bugzilla • ChatZilla • Lightning • Penelope • Sunbird • Sync • Thunderbird • Persona |
Не развиваются |
Calendar Project • Minimo • Mozilla Suite • Nvu • Prism |
Инфраструктура |
Gecko • Necko • XBL • XPCOM • XPConnect • XPInstall • XUL • XULRunner |
Компоненты |
Composer • NSPR • Rhino • SpiderMonkey • Tamarin • Venkman |
Браузеры (список • сравнение) | |
---|---|
На Trident |
AOL Explorer • Avant Browser • Enigma Browser • GreenBrowser • Internet Explorer • Lunascape • Maxthon • Netscape Browser 8 • SlimBrowser |
На Gecko |
Camino • Firefox (Mobile) • Galeon • Ghostzilla • K-Meleon • K-Ninja • Kazehakase • Netscape • Orca Browser • SeaMonkey • Skyfire • Swiftfox |
На KHTML и WebKit |
ABrowse • Arora • Chrome • Chromium • Comodo Dragon • CoolNovo • Epiphany • Flock • Konqueror • Lunascape • Maxthon • Midori • QupZilla • RockMelt • S60 web browser • Safari • SRWare Iron • Яндекс.Браузер |
На Presto |
DS Browser • Internet Channel • Opera (Mobile) |
На Java / J2ME |
Bolt Browser • HotJava • Opera Mini • Teashark • UC Browser |
Текстовые |
ELinks • Links • Lynx • w3m |
Другие |
Amaya • Arachne • Charon • Dillo • Fusion Media Explorer • Internet Explorer for Mac • Lunascape • Mosaic • NetPositive |
Наиболее популярные браузеры выделены жирным шрифтом; курсив — разработка прекращена |
RSS-агрегаторы | |
---|---|
Web-интерфейс | BazQux Reader • BestPersons • BlogLines • FriendFeed • Google Reader • Graphics.feeder • gtbCore • HTML2RSS • LiteCat.com • Moismi.ru • Netvibes • NewsGator • NewsTin • Radeant • RedTram • RSS.Krozilo • RSS2Email • RSSer • RSS-скрипт • Subscribe.Ru • Яндекс.Лента |
Windows | Abilon • Aggie • AmphetaDesk • Awasu • Blogogist Buddy! • FeedDemon • FeedReader • Foxmail • Internet Explorer • Internet-Stickers • KlipFolio • Microsoft Outlook • Mindity • Miranda IM • Mozilla Firefox • Mozilla Thunderbird • Omea Reader • Orca Browser • Opera • Postbox • Pluck • QIP Infium • Qlikworld NewsReader • RSS Reader • RSSBandit • RSSOwl • SharpReader • Snarfer • Syndirella • Vox Lite • Wildgrape NewsDesk • Windows Live Mail • wTicker • YH RSS Aggregator • YeahReader |
Linux | Akregator • Bottom Feeder • Composite • Eclipse RSS Reader • K.R.S.S. • Liferea • Mozilla Firefox • Mozilla Thunderbird • Snownews • Opera • Straw • Syndigator |
FreeBSD | centerim • Opera • pr2nntp |
Mac OS X | Acrylic Times • iTunes • Mozilla Firefox • Mozilla Thunderbird • NetNewsWire Lite • NewsFire • NewsLife • Opera • Shrook • Vienna |
Свободное и открытое программное обеспечение | |
---|---|
Главное |
Копилефт • СПО (Определение • Критерии Debian • Сообщество • Движение) • Gratis versus libre • Сравнение хостингов СПО • Открытое ПО (Определение) • Определение свободных произведений культуры • Список FOSS-пакетов • Дистрибутив Linux |
История |
GNU • Linux • Mozilla (Application Suite • Firefox • Thunderbird) |
Организации |
ASF • AOSP • Blender Foundation • Eclipse Foundation • FreeBSD Foundation • freedesktop.org • FSF • FSMI • GNOME Foundation • Проект GNU • Google Code • KDE e.V. • Linux Foundation • Mozilla Foundation • OSGF • OSI • ReactOS Foundation • Software Freedom Conservancy • SourceForge • Symbian Foundation • The Document Foundation • Xiph.Org • XMPP Standards Foundation • X.Org Foundation |
Лицензии |
Apache • Artistic • Beerware • BSD • GNU GPL • GNU LGPL • ISC • MIT • MPL • Ms-PL/RL • zlib • Public domain / CC0 • WTFPL • Лицензии, одобренные FSF • Пермиссивные лицензии • Разнообразие лицензий |
Проблемы |
Безопасность (англ.) • Блоб • Конфликт SCO — Linux • Программные патенты • DRM • Тивоизация • Trusted Computing • Графическое оборудование и СПО |
Прочее |
Сообщество • Форк • Microsoft Open Specification Promise • Сравнение open source и закрытых исходников • Проприетарное ПО • Собор и Базар • Ради удовольствия • Revolution OS |
На основании Вашего запроса эти примеры могут содержать грубую лексику.
На основании Вашего запроса эти примеры могут содержать разговорную лексику.
Firefox
браузер
браузера
Файрфокс
Fire Fox
Фаерфокс
Предложения
So porting it to firefox will be simple.
А это значит, что портировать их под операционную систему Firefox будет очень просто.
This feature of firefox is really useful.
Таким образом, данная функциональность в Firefox весьма полезна.
Also the new firefox logo signifies its high speed.
Также новый логотип firefox показывает его высокую скорость.
The firefox command still exists in the iceweasel package, but only for compatibility with tools that would try to use it.
Команда firefox до сих пор существует в пакете iceweasel, но только для совместимости с инструментами, которые пытаются использовать ее.
Another name for red panda is «firefox«.
Английское слово для red panda — это «Firefox».
I had to remove firefox completely and reinstall the application to make it work.
Мне пришлось удалить Firefox полностью и переустановить приложение, чтобы сделать его работу.
There is also a disadvantage of this tool that you can use this tool only in firefox.
Недостатком этого инструмента также является то, что вы можете использовать его только в Firefox.
It is implemented as a firefox extension, and allows recording, editing, and debugging tests.
Он реализован как расширение Firefox и позволяет записывать, редактировать и отлаживать тесты.
The site does not load correctly in firefox.
Некоторые веб-сайты не отображаются должным образом в Firefox.
I’ve been using firefox for years.
Я пользуюсь Firefox уже много лет.
I checked 4 computer. in firefox everything normal.
Только что проверил в Firefox все вроде нормально.
Mozilla have certainly taken this approach to heart on the firefox homepage where their download link dominates the page.
Mozilla, безусловно, приняли этот подход близко к сердцу на домашней странице FireFox, где их ссылка на страницу доминирует.
Later it was changed to the firefox around 2004.
Позднее оно было изменено на Firefox в 2004.
Once the plugin is installed, click to restart firefox.
После того как плагин загрузится, перезапустите Firefox.
The red panda (aka firefox) is a vicious predator.
Красная панда (ака firefox) — злобный хищник.
First download firefox if you don’t have it.
Сначала нужно установить Firefox, конечно, если у вас его нет.
The first two are for the extension for firefox.
Два других нововведения являются расширениями для Firefox.
I quite satisfied with firefox speed.
Всем известны проблемы с быстродействием Firefox.
I tried some add-ons with firefox on mac and for the first crash I’m experiencing terrible.
Я пробовал некоторые дополнения с Firefox на Mac, и на первой аварии я страшно переживает.
Open it in firefox and IE.
Добавьте его в Firefox и установите.
Предложения, которые содержат firefox
Результатов: 5944. Точных совпадений: 5944. Затраченное время: 51 мс
Documents
Корпоративные решения
Спряжение
Синонимы
Корректор
Справка и о нас
Индекс слова: 1-300, 301-600, 601-900
Индекс выражения: 1-400, 401-800, 801-1200
Индекс фразы: 1-400, 401-800, 801-1200
Запрос «Firefox» перенаправляется сюда; см. также другие значения.
Mozilla Firefox | |
---|---|
Тип | браузер |
Автор | Mozilla Foundation, Dave Hyatt[d], Хьюитт, Джо (программист) и Блейк Росс[d] |
Разработчик | Mozilla Corporation и Mozilla Foundation |
Написана на | Си[6], C++[6], JavaScript[6], CSS[7], Rust[6] и XUL[8] |
Интерфейс | XUL и GTK |
Операционная система | Linux[9][10][…], Microsoft Windows[10][11], macOS[10][11], Android[12][13], iOS[12][13] и iPadOS[d][12] |
Первый выпуск | 23 сентября 2002[1] |
Аппаратная платформа | IA-32, x86_64 и AArch64[d] |
Последняя версия |
|
Бета-версия |
|
Альфа-версия |
|
Тестовая версия |
|
Читаемые форматы файлов | Web Open Font Format, version 2[d][14], Mork[d], JSON, WebP, Ogg, Vorbis, WebM, VP9, Opus, MP3, H.264, CSS, Brotli и gzip |
Создаваемые форматы файлов | Free Lossless Audio Codec[d] |
Лицензия | Mozilla Public License, version 2.0[d][15][16] |
Сайт | mozilla.org/firefox/new/ |
Медиафайлы на Викискладе |
Содержание |
---|
|
Происхождение и создание |
|
Категория |
Mozilla Firefox (МФА [moʊˈzɪlə faɪəfɒks]) — свободный браузер на движке Quantum, разработкой и распространением которого занимается Mozilla Corporation. Четвёртый по популярности браузер в мире (после Google Chrome, Safari и Microsoft Edge)[17] и первый среди свободного ПО — в марте 2021 года его рыночная доля составила ▼7,49 %[18].
В России Firefox занимает четвёртое место (после Google Chrome, Яндекс.Браузер и Opera) по популярности среди браузеров для ПК с долей 5,26 % пользователей на март 2021 года[19].
В браузере присутствует интерфейс со многими вкладками, проверка орфографии, поиск по мере набора, «живые закладки», менеджер загрузок, поле для обращения к поисковым системам. Новые функции можно добавлять при помощи расширений[20].
Firefox официально выпускается для Windows, macOS, GNU/Linux, Android и iOS. Доступны неофициальные сборки для FreeBSD, множества других UNIX-подобных операционных систем, а также BeOS. Код браузера является открытым и распространяется под тройной лицензией GPL/LGPL/MPL[21].
По мнению калифорнийской компании Sauce Labs на сентябрь 2014 года — разработчика платформы для тестирования приложений — в Firefox ошибки возникают реже, чем в других браузерах[22].
История
Проект Firefox был начат Блейком Россом (англ. Blake Ross) и Дейвом Ха́йатом (англ. Dave Hyatt) в качестве экспериментальной ветки от проекта Mozilla Suite, когда они работали в Netscape Communications, бывшей в составе AOL Time Warner. С момента закрытия Netscape Communications весь проект Mozilla управляется созданной тогда Mozilla Foundation, которой принадлежат торговые знаки Mozilla Firefox. Firefox 1.0 появился на свет 9 ноября 2004 года.
Каждая новая версия с началом разработки получает кодовое имя. Оно используется для неофициальных сборок и альфа-версий браузера. При этом используется и специальный логотип. Сборки для разработчиков имеют кодовое имя Nightly (с англ. — «Ночная»), а для тестеров (альфа-версии) — Aurora (с англ. — «Аврора»).
В отличие от названия и логотипа, используемых в официальных сборках, они распространяются под тройной лицензией Mozilla (MPL/GPL/LGPL), не являются зарегистрированными товарными знаками, и не имеют дополнительных ограничений на использование.
3 ноября 2014 компания сообщила о разработке версии браузера для разработчиков Mozilla Firefox Developer Edition, официальный релиз которой должен состояться 10 ноября[23][24]. Тем самым цикл разработки изменится (версии Aurora не будет): Nightly → Developer Edition → Бета → Релиз, что означает: у разработчика будет 12 недель до того, как нововведение попадёт в публикуемую версию. По умолчанию в интерфейсе будет включена тёмная тема, однако её можно будет сменить в настройках. В состав браузера также будут входить WebIDE[25][26][27] и Firefox Tools Adapter[28], позволяющие использовать средства разработки Firefox для отладки в других браузерах (Safari на iOS и Chrome на Android).
Начиная с версии 53.0, прекращена поддержка операционных систем Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2003[29].
5 сентября 2018 года была выпущена ESR-версия 60.2[30], что ознаменовало полный переход c Gecko на движок Quantum. На сервисе управления данными аккаунта (AMO — addons.mozilla.org) стоит запрет для авторов дополнений на обновление старых дополнений для Firefox 52—56. Тем, кто хочет продолжать пользоваться дополнениями и получать обновления к ним, рекомендовалось переходить на Waterfox или Basilisk[источник не указан 721 день].
Название
Логотип Phoenix в 2002 году
Первоначально браузер назывался «Phoenix» («Феникс»). Спустя некоторое время он был переименован в «Firebird» («Жар-птица») из-за конфликта товарных знаков, но и это название позже было изменено, так как им уже называлась свободная система управления базами данных Firebird. Однако и «Firefox» оказалось товарным знаком The Charlton Company в Великобритании[31], что было отражено в диалоге «О программе» для англоязычных сборок[32]. Это перестало быть верным по крайней мере в версии 84.0.2, а возможно, и намного раньше.
Firefox («Огненная лиса») — дословный перевод с кит. упр. 火狐, пиньинь hǔo hú, которым китайцы иногда называют малую панду, в честь которой, по словам разработчиков, и назван браузер[33]. Тем не менее, на всех версиях логотипа основных релизов браузера определённо изображена лисица, и кроме того, разработчики браузера даже в собственном блоге техподдержки не сформировали консенсуса по данному вопросу[34].
«Firefox» предпочтительно сокращать как «Fx» или «fx»[35][36], однако иногда встречается сокращение «ff»[37].
Разработка
Firefox был выделен из Mozilla Application Suite, код которого был создан с нуля в Mozilla Foundation вместо кода Netscape Navigator 5,[38][39][40] часть которого была выпущена под свободной лицензией Mozilla Public License после поражения в «войне браузеров».
В браузере использовался свободный портируемый движок Gecko, созданный с учётом поддержки открытых стандартов, впоследствии поэтапно заменённый на Quantum. Разработка Firefox ведётся сотрудниками её дочерней компании Mozilla Corporation и добровольцами по всему миру.
Возможности
Вместо того, чтобы предоставить все возможности в стандартной поставке, Firefox предоставляет механизм расширений, позволяющий пользователям модифицировать браузер в соответствии со своими требованиями.
Почти с начала своего существования Firefox является достаточно гибким браузером с широкими возможностями настройки: пользователь может устанавливать дополнительные темы, изменяющие внешний вид программы, плагины и расширения, добавляющие новую функциональность.
Эта расширяемость достигается, в основном, за счёт использования в интерфейсе разработанного исключительно для Gecko языка разметки XUL и используемых в Web JavaScript и CSS, что иногда приводит к более медленной работе интерфейса и повышенным требованиям к оперативной памяти, чем у браузеров, больше полагающихся на функции оконной среды. Для тех, кому нужны функции движка Gecko, а не расширяемый интерфейс, существуют сторонние браузеры, в которых интерфейс реализован по-другому; например, Camino, Web и Kazehakase.
Некоторые свойства браузера:
- блокировка всплывающих окон (англ. pop-up);
- поддержка вкладок (англ. tabbed browsing) (несколько страниц в одном окне) (с версии 2.0);
- встроенная панель поиска в поисковых машинах и словарях;
- почти неограниченные возможности по настройке поведения и внешнего вида, в том числе за счёт использования расширений, тем и стилей;
- поддержка множества расширений — для Firefox их создано многократно больше, чем для любого другого браузера;
- встроенные инструменты для веб-разработчика;
- автоматическое обновление как самого браузера, так и его расширений (с версии 1.5);
- отображение контента сразу (позволяет комфортно продолжать сёрфинг даже при неполной загрузке страницы, что особенно заметно при медленном соединении и большом количестве внедрённых объектов)=
- безопасное хранение паролей для сайтов и сертификатов благодаря возможности задать «мастер-пароль», который шифрует все остальные пароли (используя алгоритм симметричного шифрования 3-DES) и защищает доступ к сертификатам пользователя. Таким образом, кража (извлечение) сохранённых паролей затруднена даже при физическом доступе злоумышленника к компьютеру. При первом вводе мастер-пароля отображается его расчётное качество (трудность взлома);
- встроенный просмотрщик PDF-файлов.
Поначалу в рекламных текстах Firefox некоторые из этих особенностей приводились как отличительные «от других браузеров», хотя под другими браузерами подразумевался набор функций, с которым было знакомо большинство пользователей Internet Explorer. В результате одни пользователи стали считать их отличительными вообще ото всех браузеров, а другие — критиковать Mozilla за нечестную рекламу. В частности, вкладки (несколько страниц в одном окне) были доступны задолго до этого в браузере Opera, а встроенная панель поиска — в Internet Explorer 4.0. Но некоторые особенности Firefox, наиболее значимой из которых можно считать поддержку расширений, действительно долгое время отсутствовали в остальных браузерах (по крайней мере, в широко известных).
С повышением интереса и ростом популярности Firefox заявленная создателями повышенная безопасность стала нередко оспариваться (впрочем, в некоторых случаях это оказывается фикцией), например, Microsoft’ом[41][42].
Firefox имеет достаточно много возможностей, благодаря которым он получил популярность среди пользователей: во-первых, он позволяет открывать несколько страниц в одном окне, экономя тем самым свободное место на панели задач; во-вторых, браузер имеет гибкую систему управления загрузкой графики и позволяет отключать отображение графики на выбранных страницах, а не на всех сразу. Кроме этого, Firefox имеет возможность блокирования всплывающих окон и управления файлами cookies.
Многострочные (по умолчанию) поля ввода текста имеют встроенную проверку орфографии; панель поиска через поисковые системы — подсказки запросов от самих систем.
При разработке Firefox особое внимание уделялось поддержке стандартов W3C.
Существуют также специализированные версии браузера, такие как eBay edition для любителей одноимённого онлайн-аукциона, Campus edition — для любителей музыки и интернет-поиска, и множество фан-сборок на Portable модуле[43][44].
Расширения
Управление расширениями Firefox
Расширения добавляют новые возможности в программы или разрешают модифицировать существующие настройки. Они могут добавить практически что угодно: от кнопки на панели инструментов до совершенно новых возможностей.
Механизм расширений превращает изначальную аскетичность браузера Mozilla Firefox в одно из основных преимуществ: устанавливая расширения, пользователь может выбрать именно ту функциональность, которая необходима ему для комфортного сёрфинга, при этом не занимая рабочее пространство и ресурсы ненужными функциями.
За исключением отладчика DOM, способного сообщить пользователю об ошибке в синтаксисе загруженной страницы и показать номер строки, содержащей ошибку (выделенного с одной из бет Firefox 3.0 в отдельное расширение), и консоли JavaScript, инструментов для веб-разработчика в базовой конфигурации Firefox нет. Однако, существует множество расширений, реализующих необходимую функциональность для веб-разработчиков. В частности:
- HTMLValidator[45] — расширение для проверки кода на соответствие стандартам W3C.
- View Source Chart[46] — расширение для удобной визуализации разметки страницы.
- Firebug — многофункциональное расширение, включающее в себя отладчик, DOM-навигатор и JavaScript-консоль.
- Web Developer[47] — расширение, предлагающее множество функций для отладки страницы.
Темы
Темы Mozilla Firefox определяют, каким образом выглядит пользовательский интерфейс браузера, например размеры и изображения кнопок. Как и расширения, темы зачастую создаются независимыми разработчиками и доступны для установки с сайта дополнений Mozilla[48].
С технической точки зрения, тема Firefox представляет собой архив в формате ZIP (но с расширением JAR), содержащий несколько типов файлов[49]: файлы CSS, определяющие стиль пользовательского интерфейса по аналогии со стилем веб-страниц (размеры элементов, отступы, цвета и пр.); файлы изображений в форматах GIF, JPEG или PNG, используемые для кнопок; файлы в формате RDF, содержащие информацию для установки и о компонентах браузера, чей внешний вид изменяется данной темой.
Начиная с версии 3.6 Firefox поддерживает облегчённый вариант тем (скины) — «обои» (изначально — «Personas»). Эти темы изменяют только цвета и добавляют фоновое изображение для панелей, не требуют перезапуска Firefox для своей установки, поддерживают быстрый просмотр темы без установки.
Движок Gecko
Основная статья: Gecko
Первоначально движок Gecko предназначался в качестве замены старого движка Netscape Communicator.
Для отладки движка была создана свободная программа Mozilla Suite, на которой и отлаживали Gecko. В 2004 году Mozilla Suite была разобрана на браузер Mozilla Firefox, клиент электронной почты Mozilla Thunderbird, WYSIWYG HTML-редактор NVU, календарь Sunbird и IRC-клиент Chatzilla, который был выпущен в виде расширения для браузера Mozilla Firefox.
В 57 версии браузера CSS-движок заменён на Stylo — CSS-движок из Quantum[50]. В дальнейшем планируется продолжить замену отдельных подсистем Gecko на аналоги проекта Quantum (Quantum DOM и прочие).
Движок Quantum
Quantum — проект по созданию браузерного движка нового поколения; представляет собой гибрид, сочетающий наработки Gecko и экспериментального высокопроизводительного движка Servo с новыми возможностями по обеспечению безопасной многопоточной обработки данных, предоставляемыми языком Rust[51]. Начиная с Firefox версии 57, Mozilla производит поэтапную замену подсистем Gecko в браузере на подсистемы Quantum по мере их готовности[50].
Среди новшеств нового движка — Stylo (ускорение операций форматирования), Quantum Flow (устранение багов, которые замедляют работу браузера), Quantum Compositor (ускорение отображения сайтов), WebRender (аппаратное ускорение рендеринга), Quantum DOM (распределение задач в разных вкладках по легковесным потокам), многопроцессорный режим (внедрён в 55 версии браузера)[50][52][53][54][55][56].
Начиная с версии 86 в Firefox деактивировали функцию «возврат на пред. страницу» клавишей «Возврат» (Backspace) (это можно изменить редактированием значения ключа browser.backspace_action (с 2 в 0) в about: config)
«Пасхальные яйца»
Следующие команды («адреса» с префиксом about:) вводятся в адресную строку:
about:robots
— послание роботов людям (только в Firefox 3.x и выше)
-
- В заголовке окна — команда для деактивации робота из фильма «День, когда остановилась Земля».
- Первый пункт послания является первым из трёх законов роботехники Айзека Азимова.
- Второй — цитата из фильма «Бегущий по лезвию».
- Третий — определение слова «робот», данное отделом маркетинга Сирианской Кибернетической Корпорации в романе Дугласа Адамса «Автостопом по галактике» (Кнопка под посланием тоже может быть отсылкой к вышеупомянутому роману).
- Четвёртый основан на любимой фразе робота Бендера из мультсериала «Футурама».
- В подписи использована фраза из заставки телевизионного сериала «Звёздный крейсер „Галактика“».
- Снизу находится кнопка «Попробовать снова». При нажатии она меняется на «Пожалуйста, больше не нажимайте эту кнопку». При втором нажатии исчезает.
about:mozilla
— «великая» книга Mozilla.
Однако бо́льшая часть из 30 (в версии 21.0 Beta) страниц со схемой about:
— серьёзные: информация о версии, новая вкладка, домашняя страница, настройки, статистика. См. списки общих и Mozilla-специфичных about:
-адресов в статье about: URI.
Где живёт Firefox?
Раньше, если в программе Google Планета Земля или в Картах Google ввести координаты 45°07′25″ с. ш. 123°06′48″ з. д.HG, то можно было увидеть эмблему Firefox на поле[57] (в 2006 году в Орегоне сделали круг на поле в виде логотипа Firefox)[58]. А если нажать на надпись «Mozilla Firefox», то появится начало статьи в Википедии о браузере. Эмблемы на поле больше нет.
Популярность
Доля рынка
Рост популярности Firefox 2004—2008
Статистика использования веб-браузеров согласно StatCounter
2004—2006 годы
После выпуска версии 1.0 9 ноября 2004 года браузер получил одобрение от многочисленных медиаизданий, включая «Форбс»[59] и «The Wall Street Journal»[60]. Более 25 миллионов загрузок в первые 99 дней после выпуска сделали Firefox одним из самых популярных свободных приложений, особенно среди домашних пользователей.
В июле 2005 года, по данным компании Net Applications, накануне выхода первой бета-версии Firefox 1.5 рыночная доля Firefox составляла чуть больше 8 % (Internet Explorer — более 87 %)[61].
19 октября 2005 года Firefox был загружен в стомиллионный раз, всего лишь через 344 дня после выпуска версии 1.0[62].
По состоянию на ноябрь 2005 года, Firefox занимал уже 9,4 % мирового рынка браузеров, а к середине 2006 года доля Mozilla Firefox составляла, по разным данным, от 11 до 15 процентов, сильно потеснив позиции доминирующего в сети браузера Internet Explorer.
2007 год
За 2007 год мировая доля пользователей Firefox возросла до 16,8 %[63][64]. Для сравнения, в декабре 2007 года мировая доля Internet Explorer составляла 76,04 %.
В Европе, по данным XiTi Monitor, доля Firefox составила в конце 2007 года ровно 28 %.
По результатам исследования, проведённого Mozilla в октябре 2007 года, 57 % скачавших устанавливают браузер и хотя бы раз запускают его. Среди них 49 % превращаются в активных пользователей. Таким образом, 28 % скачавших копию Firefox продолжают пользоваться ею через месяц[65].
2008 год
Статистика использования браузеров в России за май 2008 по данным SpyLOG
В октябре 2008 года глобальная доля браузера Firefox составила 20 %[66].
Осенью 2008 года доля Firefox в России превысила долю Opera, поднявшись таким образом на второе по популярности место, и достигла 20 %[67][68].
Доля Firefox в Европе стала превышать 30 %[69]. Интересно, что по выходным доля Firefox немного поднимается — вероятной причиной является то, что пользователи, вынужденные на работе использовать Internet Explorer, дома предпочитают Firefox[70][71].
По данным за март 2008 года, самая большая доля Firefox в Финляндии (45,9 %), Польше (44 %) и Словении (43,7 %). Популярность Firefox в Северной Америке составила 21,7 %, а в Азии — 17,2 %[71].
В 2008 году также появился конкурент Firefox — браузер Chrome от Google.
2009 год
В январе 2009 года браузер был установлен на 21,5 % компьютеров[72]. Среди пользователей Firefox в январе 2009 года примерно 85 % использовали третью версию браузера (18,3 % от общего числа браузеров)[73].
В декабре 2009 года было объявлено, что Firefox 3.5 стал самым популярным браузером в мире, достигнув доли, равной чуть более 20 %. При этом следует учитывать, что сравнение доли Firefox 3.5 с долями Internet Explorer 7 и 8 происходило отдельно (то есть IE 7 и 8 учитывались как отдельные браузеры[74].
2011 год
По подсчётам StatCounter, в ноябре 2011 года Google Chrome впервые в истории своего существования опередил Mozilla Firefox на мировом рынке браузеров для компьютеров с доступом к Интернету, сместив его на третье место. В отчёте StatCounter, опубликованном ресурсом The Wall Street Journal, доля Firefox на мировом рынке браузеров составляет 25,23 %, у Chrome — 25,69 % рынка и Internet Explorer — 40,63 %[75]. Впрочем, по данным других сервисов интернет-статистики, Firefox сохранил второе место на мировом рынке браузеров.
2012 год
По подсчётам StatCounter, в мае 2012 года Mozilla Firefox пользовались 25,55 % и он оставался на третьем месте по популярности. Доля лидера мирового рынка настольных браузеров Google Chrome — 32,43 %, у Internet Explorer — 32,12 %, у Apple Safari — 7,09 %, у Opera — 1,17 %. Как и прежде, по данным других сервисов статистики Firefox остаётся на втором месте по популярности.
2013 год
На начало 2013 года доля браузера продолжала падать и по итогам января составила 21,42 %. К маю доля браузера составила 19 %. Но в июне доля Firefox увеличилась на 1 % за счёт резкого падения популярности Internet Explorer и составила 20,01 %.
2016 год
Согласно опубликованным исследованиям, Firefox впервые одержал победу над Internet Explorer: в апреле показатели их трафика составили соответственно 15,6 % и 15,5 %[76].
2018 год
Согласно StatCounter на середину года браузер остается на втором месте в мире среди десктопных браузеров с долей в 11,55 %, уступая Google Chrome, занимающему 66,88 %[77].
2022 год
Согласно StatCounter на ноябрь 2022 года браузер опустился на четвертое место в мире среди десктопных браузеров с долей в 7,1 %, уступая Google Chrome, занимающему 66,18 %, Microsoft Edge, занимающему 11,17 % и Safari, занимающему 9,59 %[78].
Сотрудничество с поисковыми системами
Поиск
Mozilla Foundation получает средства от компании Google за использование их поиска по умолчанию[79]. При вводе в адресную строку группы слов, не являющейся URL, и не начинающейся с ключевого слова закладок или поиска, запрос передаётся Google, с открытием первого результата (функция Google «Мне повезёт»).
Кроме того, домашней страницей по умолчанию была сделана страница поиска Google, оформленная в стиле Firefox.
Хотя детали сделки не были объявлены широкой публике, финансовые результаты Mozilla Foundation за 2005 год доступны на её сайте[80].
С версии 3.1 и до 14.01 с установленной по умолчанию русской локализацией в качестве стандартного решения для обработки поисковых запросов вместо Google используется Яндекс, а после выхода версии 14.01 поиском по умолчанию опять стал Google[81].
С версии 34.0 для русской, белорусской и казахской локализаций в качестве поиска по умолчанию был задействован Яндекс, а для американской — Yahoo[82]. При передаче поискового запроса из полей браузера в
Яндекс запрос добавляется к url-шаблону с параметром clid, по которому компания-поисковик может определять размер средств, выплачиваемых для Mozilla как дистрибьютору поиска. В последних версиях Firefox исчезла возможность изменения url поиска через keyword.url.
Антифишинг
Для защиты от фишинга и других вредоносных сайтов используется база данных SafeBrowsing Google. По умолчанию она скачивается примерно каждые полчаса. В версии 2 пользователь мог по собственному желанию включить отправку каждого URL перед обращением к нему для проверки на сервер Google, что привело к обвинениям в нарушении неприкосновенности частной жизни не знавшими о настройках по умолчанию пользователями.
Режим отправки каждого адреса был убран, но в скачиваемой базе содержатся префиксы хешей, которые при совпадении с началом хеша открываемого адреса отправляются на сервер для получения полных хешей, имеющих данный префикс[83][84][85][86].
Самым значительным обвинением, связанным с данной функцией, остаётся обмен cookies с Google при скачивании базы для удобства распределения ресурсов, включая cookie домена google.com (отделены в ночных сборках со 2 октября 2013)[87][88].
Адрес сервера, с которого скачивается база, нельзя изменить с помощью графического интерфейса, кроме как используя about:config
. Также скачивание базы по умолчанию может привести к лишним тратам у пользователей, платящих за трафик.
Критика
Всё это воспринимается некоторыми пользователями[кем?] как навязывание услуг корпорации Google и недопустимая для свободного ПО зависимость от неё. Mozilla Foundation[89] утверждает, что накоплено достаточно средств, чтобы можно было при необходимости отказаться от дальнейшего сотрудничества с Google в случае такой угрозы[90][91]. Срок действия контракта должен был истечь в ноябре 2008 года[92], но в августе был продлён до 2011 года — на 3 года, а не на 2, как раньше[93][94]. В 2011 году контракт снова был продлён на 3 года, а стоимость контракта составила порядка $1 млрд[95].
Лицензии
Исходный код Mozilla Firefox является свободным и открытым ПО[96]: его можно распространять на условиях тройной лицензии Mozilla, создавать на основе исходного кода собственное ПО, и распространять его.
Исходный код распространяется на условиях тройной лицензии Mozilla (MPL/GPL/LGPL). До весны 2006 года[97], часть его распространялась под Netscape Public License и Mozilla Public License, несовместимыми с GNU GPL[98][99][100].
Официальные сборки Firefox 1.0, 1.5 и 2.0 не были полностью ни свободным, ни открытым ПО, так как они включали «Talkback» — несвободную программу для сообщения об аварийных завершениях работы браузера, лицензированную у компании SupportSoft[101]. Это послужило одной из причин к появлению проекта Gnuzilla, который разрабатывает форк Firefox под названием GNU IceCat (ранее — GNU IceWeasel). Firefox 3.0 использует вместо Talkback свободную программу, Breakpad[102], но сохраняется ещё одна причина появления Gnuzilla: Mozilla распространяет через свои серверы несвободные дополнения, и Firefox предлагает их установку безразлично к лицензии. Также IceCat включает несколько дополнительных функций[103].
Логотип и название программы являются зарегистрированными товарными знаками, и без специального разрешения их можно использовать только для обозначения оригинального Firefox, и сборок, отличающихся от него в строго определённых пределах. Также официальные сборки Firefox можно распространять только бесплатно[104] (это защита от мошенничества)[105]. В связи с этим при компиляции исходного кода по умолчанию используются неофициальный логотип и кодовое имя выпуска, которые используются Mozilla для предварительных и промежуточных тестовых сборок.
В Firefox 1.0—3.0 тройная свободная лицензия не распространялась на логотип, что делало его полностью несвободным. Это делает официальные сборки Firefox 1.0—3.0 с логотипом несвободными по критериям проекта Debian, а Mozilla не разрешает распространять под названием «Mozilla Firefox» даже достаточно близкие к официальным сборки без официального логотипа[106][107].
Из-за несвободности логотипа и значительных отличий от официальных сборок программа, основанная на Mozilla Firefox, поставляющаяся с операционными системами Debian, стала называться Iceweasel и использовать собственный логотип. Были переименованы и пакеты программы на основе Thunderbird[106].
Официальные двоичные сборки версий 1.5, 2 и 3, по крайней мере, до 3.0.4 включительно, распространялись на условиях лицензионного соглашения, описывающего лицензирование логотипов и privacy policy (см.: #Сотрудничество с Google)[108]. Сборки для Linux стали активно принуждать пользователя к соглашению с ним при первом запуске с версии 3.0. С приближением выхода Ubuntu 8.10 стало ясно, что многие пользователи категорически против этого. Они называли следующие причины:
- Пользователям свободного ПО нравится отсутствие EULA, с которыми надо соглашаться перед использованием программы[109].
- Наличие privacy policy (политики приватности) для сторонних продуктов без возможности отказа только от этих продуктов и их политики до начала использования[109], и то, что Mozilla оставляла за собой право изменять её по своему усмотрению, обязывая пользователя периодически просматривать её, если он хочет знать об изменениях[110].
В результате было решено к версии 1.9.0.5 убрать лицензионное соглашение совсем, заменив его страницей about:rights
и ненавязчивой панелью для доступа к ней, появляющейся при первом запуске[111].
Начиная с версии 3.5, авторские права на файлы логотипов, включаемые в дистрибутив Firefox, также лицензируются под тройной лицензией Mozilla. Никаких прав на товарные знаки при этом не лицензируется.
Разработка GNU IceCat продолжается, в первую очередь, из-за того, что Firefox предлагает установить несвободные дополнения, никак не предупреждая об этом пользователя.
14 марта 2014 года Мичел Бейкер и Андреас Гал объявили, что Mozilla нехотя решила добавить поддержку разрабатываемого W3C стандарта DRM-плагинов «Encrypted Media Extensions»,[112] и будет для этого сотрудничать с Adobe. Это вызвало критику со стороны противников DRM и сторонников свободного ПО (плагин EME не может быть свободным ПО), которые потребовали доказательств к заявлению, что без этого Mozilla потеряла бы пользователей, отметив, однако, приложенные по словам объявивших усилия для уменьшения вреда от некоторых свойств присущих DRM[113][114][115].
Поддержка платформ
Мобильный Firefox
Мобильная версия Firefox разрабатывалась в первую очередь для смартфонов и КПК на базе Windows Mobile, Android и Maemo (Linux).
В апреле 2008 года была неофициально представлена ранняя тестовая сборка браузера для мобильных устройств под кодовым именем «Fennec» (фенек), созданного разработчиками Mozilla на основе кодовой базы Gecko 1.9/Firefox 3. В первую очередь планировалось сделать доступной сборку для IT OS 2008 (Nokia N800 и N810), далее — поддерживать две платформы: Linux/Qt 4.4 и Windows Mobile 6[116].
В июне Аза Раскин представил демо-видео набросков интерфейса Firefox Mobile.[117][118] На нём демонстрировались возможности мобильного браузера, в частности, возможность работы в multi-touch режиме[119], и использования Zooming User Interface.
В октябре 2008 года была официально представлена первая альфа версия браузера[120]. Тестовая сборка доступна для КПК Nokia N810, а также Windows, Linux и Mac OS.
28 января 2009 года вышел Firefox Mobile 1.0 для устройств на базе Maemo[121].
В октябре 2010 вышла бета-версия Firefox 4 для устройств на базе мобильных операционных систем Android и Maemo[122]. Веб-обозреватель построен на той же платформе, что и Firefox для компьютеров, и обладает схожей функциональностью: c помощью функции Firefox Sync можно синхронизировать с настольным компьютером или ноутбуком историю посещённых страниц, закладок, паролей и т. п. Также реализована адресная панель «Awesome Bar», заявлена поддержка мультитача и улучшена работа с различными веб-технологиями (HTML5, CSS и др.). Данная бета-версия браузера скомпилирована под архитектуру процессора ARMv7 и ARMv6.
Существуют и другие проекты на основе движка Gecko. Обладатели КПК Nokia N800 с последней версией платформы Internet Tablet OS 2007 могут пользоваться браузером «MicroB», созданным командой Maemo в рамках проекта Mozilla. В MicroB используется Gecko 1.9 (тот, что в Fx 3). Поддерживается установка расширений в виде пакетов в формате .deb[123].
12 ноября 2015 года вышла первая версия браузера для устройств на iOS[124].
Поддержка архитектур процессора
Операционная система | Поддержка 32-bit | Поддержка 64-bit |
---|---|---|
Linux | Да | |
macOS | Да | |
Windows | Да | с версии 42 |
Найти ссылки на все эти сборки вы можете здесь (тестовые — «ежечасные» и «ночные»; стабильные — «релизы»).
Каналы обновлений Firefox
ПК[125]:
- Stable — стабильная версия браузера.
- Beta — предварительная версия, близкая к релизу.
- Developer Edition — специальная версия браузера, предназначенная для разработчиков[126].
- Nightly — самые новые, менее стабильные версии браузера, обновления выходят ежедневно. Новая предварительная версия браузера появляется раз в 6-8 недель.
- ESR — стабильная версия браузера с расширенным сроком поддержки, предназначенная для использования в организациях. Обслуживание каждой сборки ESR ограничено исправлением уязвимостей безопасности с высокой степенью риска, появилась в январе 2012 года[127][128]. Firefox ESR включает непрерывность поддержки через 9 нормальных Firefox версий (54 недель), с окончательным перекрытием 2 цикла следующей версии. ESR версии будут прыгать с 10 до 17, а затем до 24 и т. д.[129] Firefox ESR предназначен для тех, кто разворачивает и поддерживает окружения рабочего стола в больших организациях, таких как университеты, школы, правительства городов и частные компании. Во время расширенного цикла, новые компоненты не будут добавлены в Firefox ESR, только исправления проблем безопасности и стабильности.
Android:
- Stable — стабильная версия браузера.
- Beta — аналогично версии для ПК.
- Nightly — аналогично версии для ПК.
iOS:
- Stable — стабильная версия браузера.
- TestFlight — аналогично версии Beta для ПК.
Награды
Браузер Mozilla Firefox получил множество наград от различных организаций, среди которых:
- Webware 100 winner, апрель 2008[130]
- Webware 100 winner, июнь 2007[131]
- PC World 100 Best Products of 2007, май 2007[132]
- PC Magazine Editors’ Choice, октябрь 2006[133]
- CNET Editors’ Choice, октябрь 2006[134]
- PC World’s 100 Best Products of 2006, июль 2006[135]
- PC Magazine Technical Excellence Award, в категории «Программное обеспечение и инструменты разработчика», январь 2006[136]
- PC Magazine Best of the Year Award, 27 декабря 2005[137]
- PC Pro Real World Award (Mozilla Foundation), 8 декабря 2005[138]
- CNET Editors’ Choice, ноябрь 2005[139]
- UK Usability Professionals’ Association Award Best Software Application 2005, ноябрь 2005[140]
- Macworld Editor’s Choice with a 4.5 Mice Rating, ноябрь 2005[141]
- Softpedia User’s Choice Award, сентябрь 2005[142]
- TUX 2005 Readers’ Choice Award, сентябрь 2005[143]
- PC World Product of the Year, июнь 2005[144]
- Forbes Best of the Web, май 2005[145]
- PC Magazine Editor’s Choice Award, май 2005[146]
Мировой рекорд Гиннесса
Официальная дата выхода Firefox 3 называлась «День загрузки 2008» (англ. Download Day 2008)[147], во время которого инициатива «Spread Firefox» поставила мировой рекорд для самой загружаемой программы за 24 часа[148]. В офисе Mozilla в течение 24 часов представители Книги рекордов Гиннесса контролировали рост закачек дистрибутива[149], который за сутки скачало более 8 млн человек[150]. Сведения были переданы представителям книги рекордов Гиннесса, которым понадобилось несколько дней для проверки данных. Для сравнения, за пять дней после выхода Opera 9.50 её загрузили 4,7 млн раз[151].
См. также
- Firefox OS
- Книга Mozilla
- Mozilla Firefox — Portable Edition
- Waterfox
- SeaMonkey
- Pale Moon
- Basilisk
- Война браузеров
Примечания
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20061114010304/http://www.mozilla.com/en-US/press/news.html
- ↑ Firefox 108.0.2, See All New Features, Updates and Fixes (англ.) — 2023.
- ↑ Firefox Beta 109.0beta, See All New Features, Updates and Fixes (англ.) — 2022.
- ↑ Firefox Nightly 110.0a1, See All New Features, Updates and Fixes (англ.) — 2022.
- ↑ Firefox ESR 102.6.0, See All New Features, Updates and Fixes (англ.) — 2022.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 https://www.openhub.net/p/firefox/analyses/latest/languages_summary
- ↑ http://davidwalsh.name/firefox-internal-rendering-css
- ↑ https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Mozilla/Tech/XUL
- ↑ Laden Sie Firefox in Ihrer Sprache herunter
- ↑ 1 2 3 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/all/
- ↑ 1 2 https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/system-requirements/
- ↑ 1 2 3 https://www.mozilla.org/firefox/all/
- ↑ 1 2 https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/kb/will-firefox-work-my-mobile-device
- ↑ https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/Firefox/Releases/35
- ↑ https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/foundation/licensing/
- ↑ https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/about/legal/eula/
- ↑ Статистика браузеров за март 2021: рост доли Edge и падение Firefox. Дата обращения: 18 сентября 2021. Архивировано 18 сентября 2021 года.
- ↑ Top 5 Desktop, Tablet & Console Browsers on March 2021 // StatCounter.com. Дата обращения: 13 марта 2021. Архивировано 3 марта 2021 года.
- ↑ Desktop Browser Market Share Russian Federation // StatCounter.com. Дата обращения: 26 января 2021. Архивировано 3 сентября 2019 года.
- ↑ Дополнения Firefox. Дата обращения: 30 ноября 2010. Архивировано 5 декабря 2010 года.
- ↑ Mozilla Code Licensing. Mozilla Foundation. Дата обращения: 17 сентября 2007. Архивировано 30 мая 2012 года.
- ↑ Лучший (и худший) браузер по результатам тестирования. Дата обращения: 17 мая 2014. Архивировано 4 августа 2014 года. (англ.)
- ↑ The First Browser Dedicated to Developers is Coming (англ.). The Mozilla Blog (3 ноября 2014). Дата обращения: 5 ноября 2014. Архивировано 3 ноября 2014 года.
- ↑ Видео «Firefox Developer Browser — Teaser Trailer» на YouTube
- ↑ Dave Camp; Robert Nyman. WebIDE Lands in Nightly (англ.). Mozilla Hacks (23 июня 2014). Дата обращения: 5 ноября 2014. Архивировано 6 ноября 2014 года.
- ↑ ilya42. В Firefox Nightly появилась встроенная IDE для веб-разработки. Хабрахабр (23 июня 2014). Дата обращения: 5 ноября 2014. Архивировано 6 ноября 2014 года.
- ↑ Видео «WebIDE in Firefox Nightly — June 2014» на YouTube
- ↑ Canuckistani; bgrins, DCamp, robnyman, wbamberg, pbrosset. Firefox Tools Adapter (англ.). Mozilla Developer Network. Дата обращения: 5 ноября 2014. Архивировано из оригинала 6 ноября 2014 года.
- ↑ mozilla.org releasenotes. Дата обращения: 9 мая 2018. Архивировано 20 апреля 2017 года.
- ↑ Firefox Release Calendar - MozillaWiki
- ↑ Case details for Trade Mark 2007607 (англ.). UK Intellectual Property Office (Patent Office) (26 февраля 2008). Дата обращения: 26 февраля 2008. Архивировано 2 февраля 2009 года.
- ↑ См. также В диалоге «О программе» Архивная копия от 25 апреля 2014 на Wayback Machine
- ↑ Mozilla Firefox — Brand Name FAQ (англ.). Mozilla Foundation. Дата обращения: 19 октября 2007. Архивировано 30 мая 2012 года.
- ↑ What is your logo? Fox or Red Panda? | Firefox Support Forum | Mozilla Support. Дата обращения: 23 ноября 2020. Архивировано 8 ноября 2020 года.
- ↑ How do I spell Firefox? How do I abbreviate it? Архивная копия от 19 мая 2011 на Wayback Machine (англ.).
- ↑ Firefox Accounts (англ.). Mozilla Developer Network. — «Firefox Accounts (FxA)». Дата обращения: 3 ноября 2015. Архивировано 10 сентября 2015 года.
- ↑ определение »FF»: Firefox - Firefox (рус.). www.abbreviationfinder.org. Дата обращения: 13 ноября 2021. Архивировано 13 ноября 2021 года.
- ↑ PRNewswire: Netscape Announces Plans to Make Next-Generation Communicator Source Code Available Free on the Net Архивная копия от 9 ноября 2014 на Wayback Machine, 22 января 1998
- ↑ Percy Cabello. Ten years of Mozilla • Mozilla Links Архивная копия от 21 декабря 2010 на Wayback Machine
- ↑ Ten years of Mozilla Архивная копия от 21 декабря 2010 на Wayback Machine, 22 января 2008
- ↑ Microsoft решила победить конкурентов словом, назвав FireFox опасным Архивная копия от 11 мая 2008 на Wayback Machine, sostav.ru, 5 декабря 2007 г
- ↑ Какой браузер безопаснее — Internet Explorer или Mozilla Firefox? Архивная копия от 1 февраля 2008 на Wayback Machine, eplus.com.ua, 7 декабря 2007 года
- ↑ Mozilla Firefox, Portable Edition | PortableApps.com — Portable software for USB drives Архивная копия от 23 сентября 2010 на Wayback Machine
(англ.) - ↑ Mozilla Firefox Campus Edition 2.0.0.6 — новый вариант альтернативного браузера с социальным уклоном : Overclockers.ru. Дата обращения: 30 декабря 2007. Архивировано из оригинала 11 декабря 2007 года.
- ↑ Html Validator :: Add-ons for Firefox. Дата обращения: 27 февраля 2011. Архивировано 10 июня 2011 года.
- ↑ View Source Chart :: Add-ons for Firefox. Дата обращения: 27 февраля 2011. Архивировано из оригинала 7 августа 2011 года.
- ↑ Web Developer. Дата обращения: 30 декабря 2006. Архивировано 31 декабря 2006 года.
- ↑ Сайт дополнений Mozilla. Дата обращения: 19 августа 2006. Архивировано 18 марта 2007 года.
- ↑ Creating a Skin for Firefox/Getting Started Архивная копия от 13 июля 2021 на Wayback Machine (англ.). Mozilla Developer Network
- ↑ 1 2 3 Firefox Quantum 57 for developers (англ.). Mozilla Developer Network. Дата обращения: 23 октября 2017. Архивировано 24 октября 2017 года.
- ↑ Quantum (англ.). Mozilla Wiki. Дата обращения: 16 ноября 2017. Архивировано 20 мая 2019 года.
- ↑ Firefox 2017: новый рывок или грядущее забвение? (рус.), ITRew.ru (22 августа 2017). Архивировано 23 сентября 2017 года. Дата обращения: 23 сентября 2017.
- ↑ В браузере Firefox 57 повысят производительность, улучшат дизайн и добавят функции искусственного интеллекта (рус.), itc.ua (7 августа 2017). Архивировано 23 сентября 2017 года. Дата обращения: 23 сентября 2017.
- ↑ У Mozilla есть план, как победить Chrome. Встречайте Firefox 57 и боевую лисичку в броне - PCNEWS.RU. pcnews.ru. Дата обращения: 23 сентября 2017. Архивировано 23 сентября 2017 года.
- ↑ Mozilla Firefox 57 rebranded as Firefox Quantum (англ.), Neowin. Архивировано 30 октября 2017 года. Дата обращения: 23 октября 2017.
- ↑ You can test Firefox Quantum to see when it’s faster than Chrome (англ.), CNET. Архивировано 24 октября 2017 года. Дата обращения: 23 октября 2017.
- ↑ 45° 7’ 25.87″N 123° 6’ 48.97″W — Карты Google
- ↑ Firefox Crop Circle. Дата обращения: 14 июля 2015. Архивировано 6 октября 2011 года.
- ↑ Better Browser Now The Best Архивная копия от 3 мая 2019 на Wayback Machine Forbes
- ↑ Walter S. Mossberg. How to Protect Yourself From Vandals, Viruses If You Use Windows (англ.). Архивировано 21 февраля 2007 года.
- ↑ Радиостанция «Эхо Москвы» / Передачи / Эхонет / Понедельник, 19.09.2005. Дата обращения: 13 января 2008. Архивировано 25 апреля 2014 года.
- ↑ Firefox Surpasses 100 Million Downloads! (англ.). mozilla.org. Архивировано 30 мая 2012 года.
- ↑ Report. Дата обращения: 15 ноября 2008. Архивировано 13 апреля 2016 года.
- ↑ Report. Дата обращения: 13 января 2008. Архивировано 14 февраля 2008 года.
- ↑ Firefox’s Funnel Factor (англ.). Blog of Metrics (2 ноября 2007). Дата обращения: 4 ноября 2007. Архивировано 30 мая 2012 года.
- ↑ Report. Дата обращения: 15 ноября 2008. Архивировано 13 апреля 2016 года.
- ↑ Openstat Тренды. Дата обращения: 27 февраля 2011. Архивировано 20 июля 2011 года.
- ↑ Статистика сайта «Сайты Рунета». Дата обращения: 15 ноября 2008. Архивировано 21 августа 2013 года.
- ↑ AT Internet Institute — Article Архивная копия от 15 августа 2011 на Wayback Machine (англ.)
- ↑ Доля Firefox на европейском рынке браузеров достигла почти 30 процентов. Дата обращения: 4 мая 2008. Архивировано из оригинала 2 мая 2008 года.
- ↑ 1 2 AT Internet Institute — Article Архивная копия от 15 августа 2011 на Wayback Machine (англ.)
- ↑ Report. Дата обращения: 6 июля 2009. Архивировано 13 апреля 2016 года.
- ↑ Report. Дата обращения: 6 июля 2009. Архивировано 13 апреля 2016 года.
- ↑ Firefox 3.5 стал самым популярным браузером в мире. Lenta.ru (21 декабря 2009). Дата обращения: 12 августа 2010. Архивировано 24 декабря 2009 года.
- ↑ Владимир Мироненко. StatCounter: Chrome впервые превзошёл по популярности Firefox. 3DNews (2 декабря 2011). Дата обращения: 30 декабря 2021. Архивировано 30 декабря 2021 года.
- ↑ Карина Рзаева. Браузер Mozilla Firefox впервые обошел Internet Explorer. Коммерсантъ (17 мая 2016). Дата обращения: 30 декабря 2021. Архивировано 30 декабря 2021 года.
- ↑ Desktop Browser Market Share Worldwide | StatCounter Global Stats. Дата обращения: 18 августа 2018. Архивировано 12 июля 2017 года.
- ↑ Desktop Browser Market Share Worldwide. Дата обращения: 28 декабря 2022.
- ↑ A dangerous conflict of interest between Firefox and Google | Surveillance State — CNET Blogs Архивная копия от 12 января 2011 на Wayback Machine
(англ.) - ↑ Mozilla Foundation Documents Архивная копия от 19 апреля 2008 на Wayback Machine (англ.)
- ↑ Русский Firefox променял Google на Яндекс. Softodrom (10 января 2009). Дата обращения: 9 июля 2009. Архивировано 17 апреля 2012 года.
- ↑ Релиз Firefox 34. Дата обращения: 5 декабря 2014. Архивировано 3 декабря 2014 года.
- ↑ 3.7. HTTP Request for Full-Length Hashes (англ.). Protocolv2Spec: Client specification for the Google Safe Browsing v2.1 protocol. Google, Inc. (20 ноября 2007). Дата обращения: 13 сентября 2008. Архивировано 30 мая 2012 года.
- ↑ Google Safe Browsing Service in Mozilla Firefox Version 3 (англ.). Google Code. Google. Дата обращения: 18 сентября 2008. Архивировано 30 мая 2012 года.
- ↑ Bug 368255 — shouldn’t send Google’s cookie with SafeBrowsing API requests Архивная копия от 11 июня 2011 на Wayback Machine (англ.)
- ↑ Mozilla Firefox Privacy (англ.). Mozilla (июнь 2008). Дата обращения: 18 сентября 2008. Архивировано 30 мая 2012 года.
- ↑ Bug 368255: shouldn’t send Google’s cookie with SafeBrowsing API requests (sandbox it instead) (англ.). Bugzilla@Mozilla (25 января 2007 — 24 октября 2013). Дата обращения: 5 ноября 2013. Архивировано 30 сентября 2013 года.
- ↑ Bug 897516 - implement a separate cookie jar for safebrowsing (англ.). Bugzilla@Mozilla (24 июля 2013 — 1 октября 2013). Дата обращения: 5 ноября 2013. Архивировано 5 ноября 2013 года.
- ↑ Internet for people, not profit (англ.). Mozilla. Дата обращения: 23 июня 2018. Архивировано 18 октября 2011 года.
- ↑ Mozilla 2006 Financial FAQ (англ.). Дата обращения: 1 ноября 2007. Архивировано 22 февраля 2012 года.
- ↑ Gregg Keizer. Mozilla can live without Google’s money, Baker says. Thunderbird spin-off should find its own revenue, the Mozilla CEO adds (англ.). Computerworld (25 октября 2007). Дата обращения: ???. Архивировано 30 мая 2012 года.
- ↑ Mozilla Foundation and Subsidiary: Independent auditors’ report and Consolidated Financial Statements (англ.). Hood & Strong, LLP. — о сотрудничестве с Google см. стр. 13, note 8.. Дата обращения: 11 октября 2007. Архивировано 22 февраля 2012 года.
- ↑ Tristan Nitot. Mozilla’s future: financial resources secured (англ.) (28 августа 2008). Дата обращения: 28 августа 2008. Архивировано 30 мая 2012 года.
- ↑ Mitchell Baker. Firefox Summit Reflections (англ.) (26 августа 2008). Дата обращения: 28 августа 2008. Архивировано 30 мая 2012 года.
- ↑ СМИ узнали стоимость сделки между Google и Mozilla. Lenta.ru (23 декабря 2011). Дата обращения: 30 декабря 2021. Архивировано 7 февраля 2013 года.
- ↑ Исходный код распространяется под лицензиями, одобренными Архивная копия от 6 июня 2016 на Wayback Machine Open Source Initiative
- ↑ Gervase Markham. Relicensing Complete (англ.). mozillaZine (31 марта 2006). Дата обращения: 2 декабря 2010. Архивировано 30 мая 2012 года.
- ↑ Mozilla Relicensing FAQ (англ.). Mozilla. Дата обращения: 21 ноября 2008. Архивировано 30 мая 2012 года.
- ↑ Richard Stallman. On the Netscape Public License (англ.). Free Software Foundation. Дата обращения: 21 ноября 2008. Архивировано 30 мая 2012 года.
- ↑ Various Licenses and Comments about Them. Mozilla Public License (MPL) (англ.). Free Software Foundation. Дата обращения: 21 ноября 2008. Архивировано 30 мая 2012 года.
- ↑ Firefox Clicks With SupportSoft Service Automation Software to Enhance End-User Experience (англ.). EE Times (17 октября 2005). Дата обращения: 23 мая 2009. Архивировано 30 мая 2012 года.
- ↑ Percy Cabello. Progress in Breakpad, Firefox 3 crash report tool (англ.). Mozilla Links (29 марта 2007). Дата обращения: 21 ноября 2008. Архивировано 30 мая 2012 года.
- ↑ Gnuzilla / IceCat (англ.). Free Software Directory. Free Software Foundation, Inc. (2 сентября 2008). Дата обращения: 21 ноября 2008. Архивировано 30 мая 2012 года.
- ↑ Mozilla Trademark Policy (англ.). mozilla.org. Дата обращения: 21 ноября 2008. Архивировано 30 мая 2012 года.
- ↑ Gervase Markham. A Tour Of A »Pay to Download Firefox» Site (англ.). Дата обращения: 25 апреля 2015. Архивировано 21 апреля 2015 года.
- ↑ 1 2 Debian Bug report logs #354622: Uses Mozilla Firefox trademark without permission (англ.). Debian.org. Дата обращения: 21 ноября 2008. Архивировано 30 мая 2012 года.
- ↑ Sean Michael Kerner. Firefox Not Really Free? (англ.). InternetNews. Jupitermedia. Дата обращения: 21 ноября 2008. Архивировано 30 мая 2012 года.
- ↑ Mozilla End-User Licensing Agreements (EULAs) (англ.). Mozilla. Дата обращения: 21 ноября 2008. Архивировано 30 мая 2012 года.
- ↑ 1 2 Bug 439604: Firefox 3.0 requires agreement of non-Free EULA (англ.). Дата обращения: 21 ноября 2008. Архивировано 25 апреля 2014 года.
- ↑ Bug 439858: Formulation of the EULA makes the product unusable (англ.). Дата обращения: 21 ноября 2008. Архивировано 25 апреля 2014 года.
- ↑ Bug 462254: Remove EULA from Firefox installer / .dmg and related bits (англ.). Дата обращения: 21 ноября 2008. Архивировано 25 апреля 2014 года.
- ↑ Reconciling Mozilla’s Mission and W3C EME ✩ Mozilla Hacks — the Web developer blog. Дата обращения: 15 мая 2014. Архивировано 17 мая 2014 года.
- ↑ FSF condemns partnership between Mozilla and Adobe to support Digital Restrictions Management — Free Software Foundation — working together for free software. Дата обращения: 15 мая 2014. Архивировано 18 июня 2017 года.
- ↑ Firefox’s adoption of closed-source DRM breaks my heart | Technology. Дата обращения: 29 сентября 2017. Архивировано 7 июня 2017 года.
- ↑ To Serve Users — Bradley M. Kuhn (Brad) (bkuhn). Дата обращения: 15 мая 2014. Архивировано 17 мая 2014 года.
- ↑ OpenNews: Представлена мобильная версия Firefox 3, оказавшаяся в 6 раз быстрее браузера Nokia N800 Архивная копия от 15 апреля 2008 на Wayback Machine
- ↑ Firefox Mobile Concept Video: Aza on Design. Дата обращения: 13 июня 2008. Архивировано из оригинала 13 июня 2008 года.
- ↑ Firefox Mobile: Mozilla показывает демо-видео — Новости — Onliner. Дата обращения: 13 июня 2008. Архивировано 1 июля 2008 года.
- ↑ Выход финальной версии Firefox 3.0 состоится 17 июня | Сайт журнала «Компьютерное Обозрение»
- ↑ Fennec M9 (user experience alpha) for Maemo release notes. Дата обращения: 16 ноября 2008. Архивировано 10 ноября 2008 года.
- ↑ Firefox for Nokia N900 Release Notes. Дата обращения: 15 февраля 2010. Архивировано 16 февраля 2010 года.
- ↑ Firefox 4 Beta for Android and Maemo is Now Available :: The Mozilla Blog. Дата обращения: 8 октября 2010. Архивировано 8 октября 2010 года.
- ↑ MicroB браузер на базе Mozilla для Nokia N800. HPC.ru (24 июля 2007). Дата обращения: 27 февраля 2011. Архивировано 6 июня 2013 года.
- ↑ Firefox for iOS Release. Дата обращения: 11 июня 2018. Архивировано 31 июля 2020 года.
- ↑ Попробуйте новые функции в предварительных версиях браузера | Firefox. Mozilla. Дата обращения: 23 сентября 2017. Архивировано 14 сентября 2017 года.
- ↑ Firefox Developer Edition. Mozilla. Дата обращения: 23 сентября 2017. Архивировано 14 сентября 2017 года.
- ↑ Delivering a Mozilla Firefox Extended Support Release. Дата обращения: 17 августа 2013. Архивировано 5 февраля 2012 года.
- ↑ Firefox Extended Support Release FAQ (англ.). Mozilla. Дата обращения: 26 августа 2013. Архивировано 14 сентября 2013 года.
- ↑ Proposal (англ.). Mozilla Wiki. Дата обращения: 26 августа 2013. Архивировано 7 августа 2013 года.
- ↑ Webware 100 Award Winner Firefox (???). Дата обращения: 25 апреля 2008. Архивировано 30 мая 2012 года.
- ↑ Webware 100 Award Winner Firefox (???). Дата обращения: 22 октября 2007. Архивировано 30 мая 2012 года.
- ↑ The 100 Best Products of 2007 (???). Дата обращения: 22 октября 2007. Архивировано 30 мая 2012 года.
- ↑ Firefox 2.0 Review (???). Дата обращения: 22 октября 2007. Архивировано 30 мая 2012 года.
- ↑ Firefox 2 CNET Editor’s Review (???). Дата обращения: 22 октября 2007. Архивировано 30 мая 2012 года.
- ↑ The 100 Best Products of 2006 (???). Дата обращения: 22 октября 2007. Архивировано 30 мая 2012 года.
- ↑ Mozilla Firefox & Altiris SVS (???). Дата обращения: 22 октября 2007. Архивировано 30 мая 2012 года.
- ↑ Best of the Year, Software: Home, Firefox (???). Дата обращения: 22 октября 2007. Архивировано 30 мая 2012 года.
- ↑ PC Pro Awards 2005 — the winners (???). Дата обращения: 22 октября 2007. Архивировано 30 мая 2012 года.
- ↑ Firefox 1.5, CNET editors’ review (???). Дата обращения: 22 октября 2007. Архивировано 30 мая 2012 года.
- ↑ First UK UPA Awards commend Firefox, Flickr, Google, Apple, John Lewis and BA (???). Дата обращения: 22 октября 2007. Архивировано из оригинала 17 января 2010 года.
- ↑ Web browser roundup (???). Дата обращения: 22 октября 2007. Архивировано 30 мая 2012 года.
- ↑ Firefox Receives Softpedia User’s Choice Award (???). Дата обращения: 22 октября 2007. Архивировано 30 мая 2012 года.
- ↑ UX 2005 Readers’ Choice Award Winners Announced (???). Дата обращения: 22 октября 2007. Архивировано 30 мая 2012 года.
- ↑ The 100 Best Products of 2005 (???). Дата обращения: 22 октября 2007. Архивировано 30 мая 2012 года.
- ↑ Best of the Web, BOW Directory, Look It Up, Web Browsers, Firefox (???). Дата обращения: 22 октября 2007. Архивировано 30 мая 2012 года.
- ↑ Firefox 1.0.3 (???). Дата обращения: 22 февраля 2011. Архивировано 30 мая 2012 года.
- ↑ Страница Дня Загрузки 2008, где объявлена дата выпуска. Дата обращения: 27 февраля 2011. Архивировано 9 марта 2011 года.
- ↑ День Загрузки 2008. Хабр (29 мая 2008). Дата обращения: 30 декабря 2021. Архивировано 30 декабря 2021 года.
- ↑ Firefox 3 за 14 часов скачали пять миллионов раз. Lenta.ru (18 июня 2008). Дата обращения: 12 августа 2010. Архивировано 18 июня 2008 года.
- ↑ Spread Firefox | The Home of Firefox Community Marketing Архивировано 16 октября 2004 года.
- ↑ Firefox 3 за сутки скачали 8 миллионов раз. OpenNET (18 июня 2008). Дата обращения: 30 декабря 2021. Архивировано 30 декабря 2021 года.
Ссылки
- Официальный сайт Firefox
- Автономный установщик браузера Mozilla Firefox
- Переносная версия Firefox
- Официальная страница проекта Firefox.
- Проект Firefox на SourceForge.net
- Дополнения для Firefox
- Firefox на сайте русского сообщества Mozilla
- Развертывание Mozilla Firefox в домене Active Directory (рус.)
Обзоры в прессе
- Michael Muchmore. Firefox 4.0 (англ.). PCMag.com (22 марта 2011). Дата обращения: 27 марта 2011. Архивировано 18 мая 2012 года.
- Доля Firefox упала на 85%, однако доходы руководства Mozilla выросли на 400% = Firefox usage is down 85% despite Mozilla’s top exec pay going up 400% : пер. с англ. / Cal Paterson ; перевод: vdsina_m // Хабр. — 2020. — 30 сентября. — Оригинал опубликован в сентябре 2020 г.
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