«Bospor» redirects here. For the strait between Europe and Asia, see Bosphorus.
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Kerch Керч (Ukrainian) |
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Kerch’s Obelisk of Glory, on Mount Mithridates |
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Kerch Location of Kerch
Kerch Kerch (Ukraine) |
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| Coordinates: 45°21′43″N 36°28′16″E / 45.36194°N 36.47111°ECoordinates: 45°21′43″N 36°28′16″E / 45.36194°N 36.47111°E | |
| Country | Ukraine, claimed by Russia:
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| Republic |  Crimea1 |
| Raion |  Kerch Raion |
| Area | |
| • Total | 108 km2 (42 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 10 m (30 ft) |
| Population
(2017) |
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| • Total | 149,566 |
| • Density | 1,464.49/km2 (3,793.0/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+3 |
| Postal code |
298300 – 298399 |
| Area code | +7-36561 |
| Former name(s) | Panticapaeum, Bosporus, Vosporo, Korchev, Cerchio |
| Sister cities | Mogilev, Smolensk, Çanakkale, Oryol, Odintsovo, Sochi |
| Climate | Cfa |
| Website | горсовет-керчь.рф (de facto) |
| 1 Autonomous Republic of Crimea (de jure) or Republic of Crimea (de facto), depending on jurisdiction. |
Kerch (Ukrainian: Керч; Russian: Керчь, pronounced [ˈkʲertɕ]; Old East Slavic: Кърчевъ; Ancient Greek: Παντικάπαιον, Pantikápaion; Medieval Greek: Βόσπορος Bosporos; Crimean Tatar: Keriç, Керич; Turkish: Kerç) is a city of regional significance on the Kerch Peninsula in the east of the Crimea, Ukraine. Kerch has a population of about 147,033 (2014 Census).[1]
Founded 2,600 years ago as an ancient Greek colony, Kerch is considered to be one of the most ancient cities in Crimea. The city experienced rapid growth starting in the 1920s and was the site of a major battle during World War II.
Today, it is one of the largest cities in Crimea and is among the republic’s most important industrial, transport and tourist centres.
History
Ancient times
Archeological digs at Mayak village near the city ascertained that the area had already been inhabited in the 17th–15th centuries BC. While many finds from Kerch can be found in the Hermitage Museum in St Petersburg and the local museum, a large number of antique sculptures, reliefs, bronze and glassware, ceramics and jewellery were excavated in 1855-1856 during the Crimean War by Doctor Duncan MacPherson, a surgeon from the British Army, and later donated to the British Museum in London.[2][3][4]
Kerch as a city starts its history in the 7th century BC, when Greek colonists from Miletus founded a city-state named Panticapaeum[5] on Mount Mithridat near the mouth of the Melek-Chesme river. Panticapaeum subdued nearby cities and by 480 BC became the capital of the Kingdom of Bosporus. Later, during the rule of Mithradates VI Eupator, Panticapaeum for a short period of time became the capital of the much more powerful and extensive Kingdom of Pontus.
The city was located at the intersection of trade routes between the steppe and Europe. This caused it to grow rapidly. The city’s main exports were grain and salted fish; wine-making was also common. Panticapaeum minted its own coins. According to extant documents the Melek-Chesme river (small and shallow nowadays) was navigable in Bosporan times, and sea galleys were able to enter the river. A large portion of the city’s population was ethnically Scythian, later Sarmatian, as the large royal barrow (Kurgan) at Kul-Oba testifies.
In the 1st century AD Panticapaeum and the Kingdom of Bosporus suffered from Ostrogoth raids; then the city was devastated by the Huns in AD 375.
Myrmekion was founded in the eastern part of the Kerch, 4 km NE of ancient Panticapaeum. The settlement was founded by Ionians in the first half of the 6th c. BC.[6]
Middle Ages
Yenikale fortress in Kerch
From the 6th century the city was under the control of the Byzantine Empire. By order of Emperor Justinian I, a citadel named Bospor was built there. Bospor was the centre of a bishopric, the diocese of Bosporus and developed under the influence of Greek Christianity. In 576, it withstood a siege by the Göktürks under Bokhan, aided by Anagai, the last khan (ruler) of the Uturgurs (tribe of Huns).
Church of St John the Baptist, built in the 8th century
In the 7th century, the Turkic Khazars took control of Bospor, and the city was named Karcha from Turkic «karşı» meaning ‘opposite, facing.’ The main local government official during Khazar times was the tudun. Christianity was a major religion in Kerch during the period of Khazar rule. Kerch’s Church of St. John the Baptist was founded in 717; thus, it is the oldest church in Ukraine.[citation needed] The «Church of the Apostles» existed during the late 8th and early 9th centuries, according to the «Life of the Apostle Andrew» by Epiphanius of Salamis.
Following the fall of Khazaria to Kievan Rus’ in the late 10th century, Kerch became the centre of a Khazar successor-state. Its ruler, Georgius Tzul, was deposed by a Byzantine-Rus expedition in 1016.
From the 10th century, the city was a Slavic settlement named Korchev, which belonged to the Tmutarakan principality. Kerch was a center of trade between Russia’, Crimea, Caucasus and the Orient.
In the 13th century, Crimea including Korchev was invaded by Mongols. After the Mongols, the city became the Genoese colony of Cerco (Cherkio) in 1318 and served as a sea harbour, where townspeople worked at salt works and fishery.
In 1475, the city was passed to the Ottoman Empire. During the Turkish rule Kerch fell into decay and served as a slave-market.[7] It repeatedly suffered from raids of Zaporizhian Cossacks.
18th–20th centuries
In response to the strengthening of Russian military forces in Azov area, the Turks built a fortress, named Yenikale, near Kerch on the shore of Kerch Strait. The fortress was completed by 1706. In 1771 the Imperial Russian Army invaded Crimea and approached Yenikale. The Turks decided to abandon the fortress, though reinforcements from the Ottoman Empire had arrived a few days earlier. By the Peace Treaty of Kuchuk-Kainarji in 1774, Kerch and Yenikale were ceded to Russia. As a result, the Turkish heritage has been almost completely wiped out.
In 1790 Russian naval forces under the command of admiral Fyodor Ushakov defeated the Turkish fleet at the Battle of Kerch Strait.[8]
Because of its location, from 1821 Kerch developed into an important trade and fishing port. The state museum of ancient times and a number of educational institutions were opened in the city. The ironwork factory was built in 1846 based on a huge iron ore deposit found on Kerch Peninsula.
During the Crimean War the city was devastated by British forces in 1855.
In the late 19th century, mechanical and cement factories were built, and tinned food and tobacco factories were established. By 1900, Kerch was connected to a railroad system, and the fairway of Kerch Strait was deepened and widened. At this time, the population had reached 33,000.
After suffering a decline during the First World War and the Russian Civil War, the city resumed its growth in the late 1920s, with the expansion of various industries, iron ore and metallurgy in particular, and by 1939 its population had reached 104,500.
Kerch in World War II
On the Eastern Front of World War II from 1941 to 1945, Kerch was the site of heavy fighting between Red Army and Axis forces. After fierce fighting, the city was taken by the Germans in November 1941. On 31 December 1941, the 302nd Mountain Rifle Division recaptured the city following a naval landing operation at Kamysh Burun, to the south of the city, five days earlier.[9] In 1942 the Germans occupied the city again. The Red Army lost over 160,000 men, either killed or taken POW at the Battle of the Kerch Peninsula. On 31 October 1943 another Soviet naval landing operation was launched. Kerch returned to Soviet control on 11 April 1944.
The German invaders killed about 15,000 citizens and deported another 14,000 during their occupation. Evidence of German atrocities in Kerch was presented in the Nuremberg trials. After the war, the city was awarded the title Hero City.
The Adzhimushkay catacombs in the city’s suburbs were the site of guerrilla warfare against the occupation. Thousands of soldiers and refugees found shelter inside and were involved in counterattacks. Many of them died underground, including those who died of numerous alleged poison gas attacks. Later, a memorial was established on the site.
On 11 November 2007, a powerful storm passed through the city, causing much damage and an ecological disaster as a few ships, including an oil tanker, were shipwrecked and blocked the Kerch Strait.
Recent events
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This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (November 2022) |
On 17 October 2018, a student killed 20 people and himself at Kerch Polytechnic College.
Geography
Kerch, view from Mount Mithridat
Climate
Kerch has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa)[10] with cool to cold winters and warm to hot summers.
| Climate data for Kerch (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 15.6 (60.1) |
17.5 (63.5) |
23.4 (74.1) |
27.6 (81.7) |
30.6 (87.1) |
35.2 (95.4) |
37.7 (99.9) |
37.9 (100.2) |
35.5 (95.9) |
30.9 (87.6) |
23.2 (73.8) |
19.4 (66.9) |
37.9 (100.2) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 3.8 (38.8) |
4.5 (40.1) |
8.8 (47.8) |
14.9 (58.8) |
21.0 (69.8) |
26.0 (78.8) |
29.0 (84.2) |
28.9 (84.0) |
23.4 (74.1) |
16.9 (62.4) |
10.2 (50.4) |
5.8 (42.4) |
16.1 (61.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 0.7 (33.3) |
1.1 (34.0) |
4.7 (40.5) |
10.1 (50.2) |
16.0 (60.8) |
21.2 (70.2) |
24.1 (75.4) |
24.0 (75.2) |
18.6 (65.5) |
12.6 (54.7) |
6.6 (43.9) |
2.8 (37.0) |
11.9 (53.4) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −2.0 (28.4) |
−1.9 (28.6) |
1.2 (34.2) |
5.8 (42.4) |
11.3 (52.3) |
16.3 (61.3) |
19.1 (66.4) |
19.2 (66.6) |
13.9 (57.0) |
8.7 (47.7) |
3.5 (38.3) |
0.1 (32.2) |
7.9 (46.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −23.7 (−10.7) |
−23.1 (−9.6) |
−15.6 (3.9) |
−6.5 (20.3) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
2.8 (37.0) |
9.9 (49.8) |
7.5 (45.5) |
1.0 (33.8) |
−5.4 (22.3) |
−11.8 (10.8) |
−17.6 (0.3) |
−23.7 (−10.7) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 38 (1.5) |
29 (1.1) |
33 (1.3) |
29 (1.1) |
31 (1.2) |
53 (2.1) |
33 (1.3) |
41 (1.6) |
35 (1.4) |
31 (1.2) |
39 (1.5) |
37 (1.5) |
429 (16.9) |
| Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) | 1 (0.4) |
2 (0.8) |
1 (0.4) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
1 (0.4) |
2 (0.8) |
| Average rainy days | 10 | 9 | 11 | 11 | 9 | 10 | 6 | 6 | 8 | 9 | 11 | 11 | 111 |
| Average snowy days | 8 | 8 | 5 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 2 | 7 | 30 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 85.6 | 83.6 | 80.5 | 75.8 | 73.1 | 69.9 | 66.6 | 66.5 | 71.4 | 77.3 | 83.3 | 85.3 | 76.6 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 61.9 | 91.6 | 142.4 | 190.8 | 278.0 | 299.7 | 339.3 | 310.3 | 242.5 | 170.4 | 91.3 | 56.5 | 2,274.7 |
| Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net[11] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: World Meteorological Organization (humidity and sun 1981–2010)[12] |
Administration
The city municipality stretches over a substantial area and includes several separate neighborhoods that are part of the Kerch city: Eltigen (Heroyevskoe), Kamysh-Burun (Arshyntsevo), Port Krym, Adzhimushkai, and Tuzla Island.
Economy
Today Kerch is considered as a city of metallurgists, shipbuilders and fishermen, and also has a significant tourism sector.
Industry
The largest enterprises in the city are:
- Kerch Metallurgical Works Factory launched in 1900
- Kamysh-Burun Iron Ore Plant
- «Zaliv» («Gulf») shipbuilding factory that produces and repairs tankers and cargo ships.
Construction-materials, food processing, and light industries play a significant role in the city’s economy. Kerch is also a fishing fleet base and an important processing centre for numerous fish products.
- Kerch Aircraft Repair Plant KeARZ
- KMZ KMK Metallurgical Plant, Kerch east
- Oil and Gas extraction industry petrochemical and storage
- Zaliv Shipyard, (Kamysh Burun Zheleznogoroda)
- Kvartz Quartz Glass Factory Plant KSZ (Glass (various) and optics, optical materials and instruments) (Kerch)
- PSZ Albatros, PSZ KMPZ Vityaz Priladobudivni (Instruments and Instruments making, Machinery, Engineering)
- Kamysh Burun Iron Metallurgy Plant
- KMZ KMTP SV Fregat floating docks yard and ship repair yard
- KSRZ uvas-trans floating docks yards and ship repair (also lesser Kerch ship repair yards around)
Tourism
Mithridates Staircase (19th century)
Because of its location on the shores of the Azov and Black seas, Kerch became a popular summer resort among people of the former USSR. Also, several mud-cure sources are located near the city. Despite the seaside location, the tourist appeal of Kerch today is limited because of the industrial character of the city and associated pollution.
Despite the lack of beaches in the town’s area, there are a lot of them at a distance of 20 minutes’ travel by bus, train or taxi.
Kerch has a number of impressive architectural and historical monuments. Ancient historical heritage of the city makes it attractive for scientific tourism. The most notable of Kerch’s sights are:
- Site of ancient settlement Pantikapaeum (5th century BC–3rd century AD).
- Tsarskiy Kurghan (4th century BC) – burial mound for one of the Bosporian kings
- Church of St. John the Baptist (AD 717)
- Fortress of Yenikale (18th century)
- The Great Mithridates Staircase leading on top of the Mount Mithridat, contains 428 footsteps, built in 1833–1840 under the guidance of Italian architect Alexander Digbi
- Obelisk of Glory on the Mount Mithridat, built after World War II
- Lapidarium
- Memorial of heroic guerilla warfare in Adzhimushkay mines
- Kerch Fortress; restricted area in Soviet times but free to enter in present days. The fortress was built by the Russian military architect Totleben in the middle of 19th century.
- Sites of ancient settlements Mirmecium, Tiritaka and Nimphei. There are also some settlements which have gone underwater due to earthquakes.
- So called Demetra’s Crypt, a crypt with numerous frescos dated 1st century BC.
Transport
Private houses are common in Kerch
Kerch has a harbour on the Kerch Strait, which makes it a key to the Sea of Azov, several railroad terminals and a small airport. The Kerch Strait ferry line across the Kerch Strait was established in 1953, connecting Crimea and the Krasnodar Krai (Port Krym – Port Kavkaz line); (as of November 2009) there are also plans for a Kerch-Poti ferry route.[13]
Tavrida Highway work in progress along Kerch railway (two rails) highway (four lanes) bridge to connect Rostov Krasnodar with peninsula.
There are several ports in Kerch, including Kerch Maritime Trading Port, Kerch Maritime Fishing Port, Port Krym (ferry crossing), Kamysh-Burun Port.
The railroad terminals include: Kerch, Kerch I, Kerch Factory, Arshyntsevo, and Krym.
Bus network connects Kerch to other cities in Crimea and Krasnodar Krai.
City transport
Map of Kerch tram lines with opening dates
Kerch has short tram system established in 1935 and destroyed in 1941.
Kerch trolleybus lines map with dates of opening
Kerch trolleybus system established in 2004, and have one line.
Crimean Bridge
On 25 April 2010, Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych and Russian President Dmitry Medvedev signed an agreement to build a bridge across the Kerch Strait. In January 2015, with Russia now in control, the contract for the construction of the bridge was awarded to Arkady Rotenberg’s S.G.M. Group. In May 2015 construction commenced, and the road section of the bridge was opened to traffic in May 2018. The rail section was opened in 2019, with Russian President Vladimir Putin taking the first train across on December 23.[14] It was heavily damaged by an explosion on 8 October 2022.
Culture
Festivals and celebrations
- Liberation Day (11 April)
- Day of Fishermen (the second Sunday of July)
- Day of the City (the second Saturday of September)
Education
Kerch hosts (2004):
- 28 schools,
- 9 institutes and branches of Ukrainian and Russian universities,
- shipbuilding and polytechnical colleges,
- medical school,
- 6 PTU schools,
- a number of pre-school child institutions
Archaeology
Excavations in Pantikapaeum
Archaeological digs in Kerch were launched under Russian auspices in the middle of the 19th century. Since then the site of ancient Panticapaeum city on Mount Mithridat has been systematically excavated. Located nearby are several ancient burial mounds (kurgans) and excavated cities. Kerch takes part in UNESCO’s «Silk Road» programme.
Treasures and historical findings of Kerch adorn the collections of major museums around the world. Such as: the Hermitage, the Louvre, the British Museum, the Berlin Museum, the Moscow State Museum of fine arts and many others.
Currently, excavations at ancient fortresses of Kerch are led by scientists from Russia, Ukraine, and Poland.
Twin towns – sister cities
| City | Country | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Mogilev |  Belarus
|
1998 |
| Smolensk |  Russia
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1998 |
| Çanakkale |  Turkey
|
1999 |
| Oryol | Russia
|
2004 |
| Odintsovo | Russia
|
2004 |
| Sochi | Russia
|
2005 |
| Kyiv |  Ukraine
|
1997 |
| Tula, Russia | Russia
|
2014 |
Honours
A minor planet 2216 Kerch discovered in 1971 by Soviet astronomer Tamara Mikhailovna Smirnova is named after the city.[15]
Gallery
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| Fortress Kerch | Interior of the Church of Saint John the Baptist | Royal barrow (Royal Kurgan) entrance. |
See also
- Bosporan Kingdom
- Kerch (fortress)
- Kerch Polytechnic College massacre
- Kerch Strait
- Mount Mithridat
- Panticapaeum
- Tuzla Island
- Yeni-Kale
References
- ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2014). «Таблица 1.3. Численность населения Крымского федерального округа, городских округов, муниципальных районов, городских и сельских поселений» [Table 1.3. Population of Crimean Federal District, Its Urban Okrugs, Municipal Districts, Urban and Rural Settlements]. Федеральное статистическое наблюдение «Перепись населения в Крымском федеральном округе». («Population Census in Crimean Federal District» Federal Statistical Examination) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 4 January 2016.
- ^ «British Museum Collection».
- ^ «British Museum Collection».
- ^ «Antiquities of Kertch, and Researches in the Cimmerian Bosphorus, with Remarks on the ethnological and physical History of the Crimea by Duncan MacPherson ( 1857 )».
- ^ See Talk:Kerch#Meaning of Greek name? for discussion about the Greek name Panticapaeum.
- ^ Butyagin, Alexander (29 July 2008). «Myrmekion». Foundation of the Hellenic World. Retrieved 29 October 2018.
- ^ Inalcik, Halil (1979). «Servile Labor in the Ottoman Empire». In Ascher, Abraham; Király, Béla K.; Halasi-Kun, Tibor (eds.). The Mutual Effects of the Islamic and Judeo-Christian Worlds: The East European Pattern. Brooklyn, N.Y.: Brooklyn College Press. pp. 25–43. Archived from the original on 4 May 2017.
- ^ «Black Sea Fleet (BSF) Morskoyo Flota ( Naval Force)». GlobalSecurity.org. Retrieved 29 October 2018.
- ^ Forczyk, Robert (2014). Where the Iron Crosses Grow. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. pp. 103, 110.
- ^ Kottek, M.; J. Grieser; C. Beck; B. Rudolf; F. Rubel (2006). «World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated» (PDF). Meteorol. Z. 15 (3): 259–263. Bibcode:2006MetZe..15..259K. doi:10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130. Retrieved 11 December 2012.
- ^
Климат Керчи. pogodaiklimat.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 8 November 2021. - ^ «World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981–2010». World Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 17 July 2021. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
- ^ «Yushchenko says Ukraine to try quickly implement Kerch-Poti ferry route project». Interfax-Ukraine. 19 November 2009 – via Kyiv Post.
- ^ Putin takes first train across Crimea bridge, AFP, 23 December 2019.
- ^ Schmadel, Lutz D. (2003). Dictionary of Minor Planet Names (5th ed.). New York: Springer Verlag. p. 180. ISBN 3-540-00238-3.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kerch.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Kerch.
- Моя Керчь multi portal My Kerch: news, photo gallery, announcements, etc.
- Керчь – это город interactive map of Kerch
- Керчь – это мой город unofficial website of Kerch: information, news, photos, forum etc. (in Russian)
- Webcams
- Kropotkin, Peter Alexeivitch; Bealby, John Thomas (1911). «Kerch» . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). p. 754.
- Photos of Kerch Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine from Panoramio
- Map of Kerch’s Center (by «Kartografia», 2004)
- Infos and photos of Kerch in travelguide around Ukraine
- The murder of the Jews of Kerch during World War II, at Yad Vashem website.
керчь
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Керчь
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Керчь
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Керчь
Русско-английский географический словарь > Керчь
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Керчь
Новый русско-английский словарь > Керчь
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Керчь
Русско-английский синонимический словарь > Керчь
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(г.) Керчь
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > (г.) Керчь
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г. Керчь
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > г. Керчь
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(г.) Пантикапей
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > (г.) Пантикапей
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Пантикапей
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Пантикапей
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в видах
уст.
with a view to smth.; with the aim of smth.; for the sake of smth.; so that; in order to
На Керчь мы шли уже не берегом, а степью, в видах сокращения пути. (М. Горький, Мой спутник) — We headed for Kerch not round the coast but across the steppe in order to shorten the road.
Русско-английский фразеологический словарь > в видах
См. также в других словарях:
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Керчь — КЕРЧЬ, город герой, в Крымской обл. УССравни Порт на берегу Керченского прол. Ж. д. ст. Нас. в 1939 – 104 тыс. чел. (в 1983 – св. 163 тыс. чел.). Крупнейший пром. центр Крыма. В 1941 действовало 169 пром. пр тий, среди них важнейшие… … Великая Отечественная война 1941-1945: энциклопедия
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Керчь — город, Крым, Украина. Впервые упоминается как Кърчев в надписи на Тмутараканском камне, 1068 г. в связи с измерением ширины Керченского пролива. Предложено несколько этимологии: из др. русск. кърчии кузнец ; от русск. корчить корчевать или, с… … Географическая энциклопедия
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Керчь — город герой в Украине, в Крыму, порт на берегу Керченского пролива. Железнодорожная станция. Связан железнодорожной паромной переправой со станцией Кавказ (Таманский полуостров). 175 тыс. жителей (1996). Добыча железной руды (Камыш Бурунский… … Энциклопедический словарь
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керчь — Пантикапей Словарь русских синонимов. керчь сущ., кол во синонимов: 4 • город (2765) • город герой … Словарь синонимов
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Керчь — *КЕРЧЬ. I. Портовый гор. Таврич. губ., въ с. зап. углу К скаго полуо ва, у подножія горы Митридата; въ 5 м. на в. отъ К. находится заштатный городъ Еникале. К. съ Еникале, 4 предмѣстьями и 8 поселками образуютъ особое Керчь Еникальское градонач… … Военная энциклопедия
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Керчь — КЕРЧЬ, город в Крыму (Украина). 178 тыс. жителей. Порт на берегу Керченского пролива; железнодорожная станция. Связан со станцией Кавказ (Таманский полуостров) железнодорожной паромной переправой. Добыча железной руды (Камыш Бурунский комбинат).… … Иллюстрированный энциклопедический словарь
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КЕРЧЬ — город герой в Крыму, порт на берегу Керченского прол. Железнодорожная станция. Связан железнодорожной паромной переправой со станцией Кавказ (Таманский п ов). 173,9 тыс. жителей (1991). Добыча железной руды (Камыш Бурунский комбинат).… … Большой Энциклопедический словарь
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Керчь — город в Крымской области УССР, на берегу Керченского пролива. В древности Пантикапей. Основан в VI в. до н. э. В V IV вв. до н. э. столица Боспорского государства. В центре города склеп Деметры (I в.; древнегреческие фрески на… … Художественная энциклопедия
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Керчь — (Керчь, Корчев, Черкио) город на востоке Крыма, в переводе с древнерусского «кузнец». В IV веке до н. э. древние греки основали Пантикапей, вскоре ставший столицей Боспорской державы. В эпоху раннего средневековья это был форпост Византии, затем… … Топонимический словарь Крыма
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Керчь — У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. Керчь (значения). Город Керчь укр. Керч крымскотат. Keriç Флаг Герб … Википедия
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Керчь — город в Крымской области УССР. Порт на берегу Керченского пролива. Железнодорожная станция. Паромная дизель электроходная железнодорожная переправа через Керченский пролив (соединяет Крым с Кавказом). 136 тыс. жителей (1972). … … Большая советская энциклопедия
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Главная
- Правописание слова «керчь»
Неверные варианты написания
керч
Верный вариант написания
керчь
это существительное 3 склонения, а в них на конце всегда (и после шипящих, и после других согласных) пишется ь.
Похожие слова по данному правилу
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1
Керчь
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Керчь
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2
Керчь
Русско-английский географический словарь > Керчь
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3
Керчь
Новый русско-английский словарь > Керчь
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4
Керчь
Русско-английский синонимический словарь > Керчь
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5
(г.) Керчь
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > (г.) Керчь
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6
г. Керчь
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > г. Керчь
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7
(г.) Пантикапей
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > (г.) Пантикапей
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8
Пантикапей
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Пантикапей
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9
в видах
уст.
with a view to smth.; with the aim of smth.; for the sake of smth.; so that; in order to
На Керчь мы шли уже не берегом, а степью, в видах сокращения пути. (М. Горький, Мой спутник) — We headed for Kerch not round the coast but across the steppe in order to shorten the road.
Русско-английский фразеологический словарь > в видах
См. также в других словарях:
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Керчь — КЕРЧЬ, город герой, в Крымской обл. УССравни Порт на берегу Керченского прол. Ж. д. ст. Нас. в 1939 104 тыс. чел. (в 1983 св. 163 тыс. чел.). Крупнейший пром. центр Крыма. В 1941 действовало 169 пром. пр тий, среди них важнейшие… … Великая Отечественная война 1941-1945: энциклопедия
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Керчь — город, Крым, Украина. Впервые упоминается как Кърчев в надписи на Тмутараканском камне, 1068 г. в связи с измерением ширины Керченского пролива. Предложено несколько этимологии: из др. русск. кърчии кузнец ; от русск. корчить корчевать или, с… … Географическая энциклопедия
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Керчь — город герой в Украине, в Крыму, порт на берегу Керченского пролива. Железнодорожная станция. Связан железнодорожной паромной переправой со станцией Кавказ (Таманский полуостров). 175 тыс. жителей (1996). Добыча железной руды (Камыш Бурунский… … Энциклопедический словарь
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керчь — Пантикапей Словарь русских синонимов. керчь сущ., кол во синонимов: 4 • город (2765) • город герой … Словарь синонимов
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Керчь — *КЕРЧЬ. I. Портовый гор. Таврич. губ., въ с. зап. углу К скаго полуо ва, у подножія горы Митридата; въ 5 м. на в. отъ К. находится заштатный городъ Еникале. К. съ Еникале, 4 предмѣстьями и 8 поселками образуютъ особое Керчь Еникальское градонач… … Военная энциклопедия
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Керчь — КЕРЧЬ, город в Крыму (Украина). 178 тыс. жителей. Порт на берегу Керченского пролива; железнодорожная станция. Связан со станцией Кавказ (Таманский полуостров) железнодорожной паромной переправой. Добыча железной руды (Камыш Бурунский комбинат).… … Иллюстрированный энциклопедический словарь
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КЕРЧЬ — город герой в Крыму, порт на берегу Керченского прол. Железнодорожная станция. Связан железнодорожной паромной переправой со станцией Кавказ (Таманский п ов). 173,9 тыс. жителей (1991). Добыча железной руды (Камыш Бурунский комбинат).… … Большой Энциклопедический словарь
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Керчь — город в Крымской области УССР, на берегу Керченского пролива. В древности Пантикапей. Основан в VI в. до н. э. В V IV вв. до н. э. столица Боспорского государства. В центре города склеп Деметры (I в.; древнегреческие фрески на… … Художественная энциклопедия
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Керчь — (Керчь, Корчев, Черкио) город на востоке Крыма, в переводе с древнерусского «кузнец». В IV веке до н. э. древние греки основали Пантикапей, вскоре ставший столицей Боспорской державы. В эпоху раннего средневековья это был форпост Византии, затем… … Топонимический словарь Крыма
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Керчь — У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. Керчь (значения). Город Керчь укр. Керч крымскотат. Keriç Флаг Герб … Википедия
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Керчь — город в Крымской области УССР. Порт на берегу Керченского пролива. Железнодорожная станция. Паромная дизель электроходная железнодорожная переправа через Керченский пролив (соединяет Крым с Кавказом). 136 тыс. жителей (1972). … … Большая советская энциклопедия
Правильное написание слова Керчь:
Керчь
Крутая NFT игра. Играй и зарабатывай!
Количество букв в слове: 5
Слово состоит из букв:
К, Е, Р, Ч, Ь
Правильный транслит слова: Кerch
Написание с не правильной раскладкой клавиатуры: Кthxm
Тест на правописание
Синонимы слова Керчь
- Пантикапей
Что такое Керчь? Значение слова «Керчь» в популярных словарях и энциклопедиях, примеры употребления термина в повседневной жизни.
Значение «Керчь» в словарях
Керчь
–
Исторический словарь
русский город в Крыму на берегу Керченского пролива, в древности назывался Пантикапей, основан в VI в. до н. э., в н. V в. до н. э. и до к. V в. н. э. — столица Боспорского царства. В X-XII вв. (Корчев) входит в состав Тмутараканского русского княжества. В то время являлась важным звеном в торговых связях Киевской Руси с Крымом, Кавказом, средиземноморскими странами. В период татаро-монгольского нашествия подчинена Генуе, а после 1475 оккупируется Турцией. В 1774 возвращена России.
Похожие слова в словарях
Керченское Сражение
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Исторический словарь
8.7.1790, в 20-25 милях от Керченского пролива, во время русско-турецкой войны 1787-91. Русская эскадра контр-адмирала Ф.Ф. Ушакова нанесла поражение турецкой эскадре канудан-паши Хусейна и сорвала высадку десанта противника в Крыму.
Переводы
кернер на английском языке — punch, kerner, center punch, a center punch, a punch
керосин на английском языке — kerosene, paraffin, kerosine, the kerosene, nape
кесарь на английском языке — caesar, the caesar, caesar is, caesar of, monarch, lord
кессон на английском языке — caisson, the caisson, a caisson, caisson is, caisson of, pontoon, coffer-dam, …
сгущение на английском языке — thickening, condensation, concentration, crowding, thickening of, evaporation, fixation, concoction, …
Случайные слова (русском/английский)
леность на английском языке
уик-энд на английском языке
скиталец на английском языке
александр на английском языке
бороновать на английском языке
фривольный на английском языке
светло-зеленый на английском языке
ёжиться на английском языке
Керчь на английском языке — Словарь: русском » английский
Переводы: ketch, Kerch, of Kerch
«Bospor» redirects here. For the strait between Europe and Asia, see Bosphorus.
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Kerch Керч (Ukrainian) |
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city |
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Kerch’s Obelisk of Glory, on Mount Mithridates |
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Flag
Coat of arms |
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Kerch Location of Kerch
Kerch Kerch (Ukraine) |
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| Coordinates: 45°21′43″N 36°28′16″E / 45.36194°N 36.47111°ECoordinates: 45°21′43″N 36°28′16″E / 45.36194°N 36.47111°E | |
| Country | Ukraine, claimed by Russia:
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| Republic | Crimea1 |
| Raion | Kerch Raion |
| Area | |
| • Total | 108 km2 (42 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 10 m (30 ft) |
| Population
(2017) |
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| • Total | 149,566 |
| • Density | 1,464.49/km2 (3,793.0/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+3 |
| Postal code |
298300 – 298399 |
| Area code | +7-36561 |
| Former name(s) | Panticapaeum, Bosporus, Vosporo, Korchev, Cerchio |
| Sister cities | Mogilev, Smolensk, Çanakkale, Oryol, Odintsovo, Sochi |
| Climate | Cfa |
| Website | горсовет-керчь.рф (de facto) |
| 1 Autonomous Republic of Crimea (de jure) or Republic of Crimea (de facto), depending on jurisdiction. |
Kerch (Ukrainian: Керч; Russian: Керчь, pronounced [ˈkʲertɕ]; Old East Slavic: Кърчевъ; Ancient Greek: Παντικάπαιον, Pantikápaion; Medieval Greek: Βόσπορος Bosporos; Crimean Tatar: Keriç, Керич; Turkish: Kerç) is a city of regional significance on the Kerch Peninsula in the east of the Crimea, Ukraine. Kerch has a population of about 147,033 (2014 Census).[1]
Founded 2,600 years ago as an ancient Greek colony, Kerch is considered to be one of the most ancient cities in Crimea. The city experienced rapid growth starting in the 1920s and was the site of a major battle during World War II.
Today, it is one of the largest cities in Crimea and is among the republic’s most important industrial, transport and tourist centres.
History
Ancient times
Archeological digs at Mayak village near the city ascertained that the area had already been inhabited in the 17th–15th centuries BC. While many finds from Kerch can be found in the Hermitage Museum in St Petersburg and the local museum, a large number of antique sculptures, reliefs, bronze and glassware, ceramics and jewellery were excavated in 1855-1856 during the Crimean War by Doctor Duncan MacPherson, a surgeon from the British Army, and later donated to the British Museum in London.[2][3][4]
Kerch as a city starts its history in the 7th century BC, when Greek colonists from Miletus founded a city-state named Panticapaeum[5] on Mount Mithridat near the mouth of the Melek-Chesme river. Panticapaeum subdued nearby cities and by 480 BC became the capital of the Kingdom of Bosporus. Later, during the rule of Mithradates VI Eupator, Panticapaeum for a short period of time became the capital of the much more powerful and extensive Kingdom of Pontus.
The city was located at the intersection of trade routes between the steppe and Europe. This caused it to grow rapidly. The city’s main exports were grain and salted fish; wine-making was also common. Panticapaeum minted its own coins. According to extant documents the Melek-Chesme river (small and shallow nowadays) was navigable in Bosporan times, and sea galleys were able to enter the river. A large portion of the city’s population was ethnically Scythian, later Sarmatian, as the large royal barrow (Kurgan) at Kul-Oba testifies.
In the 1st century AD Panticapaeum and the Kingdom of Bosporus suffered from Ostrogoth raids; then the city was devastated by the Huns in AD 375.
Myrmekion was founded in the eastern part of the Kerch, 4 km NE of ancient Panticapaeum. The settlement was founded by Ionians in the first half of the 6th c. BC.[6]
Middle Ages
Yenikale fortress in Kerch
From the 6th century the city was under the control of the Byzantine Empire. By order of Emperor Justinian I, a citadel named Bospor was built there. Bospor was the centre of a bishopric, the diocese of Bosporus and developed under the influence of Greek Christianity. In 576, it withstood a siege by the Göktürks under Bokhan, aided by Anagai, the last khan (ruler) of the Uturgurs (tribe of Huns).
Church of St John the Baptist, built in the 8th century
In the 7th century, the Turkic Khazars took control of Bospor, and the city was named Karcha from Turkic «karşı» meaning ‘opposite, facing.’ The main local government official during Khazar times was the tudun. Christianity was a major religion in Kerch during the period of Khazar rule. Kerch’s Church of St. John the Baptist was founded in 717; thus, it is the oldest church in Ukraine.[citation needed] The «Church of the Apostles» existed during the late 8th and early 9th centuries, according to the «Life of the Apostle Andrew» by Epiphanius of Salamis.
Following the fall of Khazaria to Kievan Rus’ in the late 10th century, Kerch became the centre of a Khazar successor-state. Its ruler, Georgius Tzul, was deposed by a Byzantine-Rus expedition in 1016.
From the 10th century, the city was a Slavic settlement named Korchev, which belonged to the Tmutarakan principality. Kerch was a center of trade between Russia’, Crimea, Caucasus and the Orient.
In the 13th century, Crimea including Korchev was invaded by Mongols. After the Mongols, the city became the Genoese colony of Cerco (Cherkio) in 1318 and served as a sea harbour, where townspeople worked at salt works and fishery.
In 1475, the city was passed to the Ottoman Empire. During the Turkish rule Kerch fell into decay and served as a slave-market.[7] It repeatedly suffered from raids of Zaporizhian Cossacks.
18th–20th centuries
In response to the strengthening of Russian military forces in Azov area, the Turks built a fortress, named Yenikale, near Kerch on the shore of Kerch Strait. The fortress was completed by 1706. In 1771 the Imperial Russian Army invaded Crimea and approached Yenikale. The Turks decided to abandon the fortress, though reinforcements from the Ottoman Empire had arrived a few days earlier. By the Peace Treaty of Kuchuk-Kainarji in 1774, Kerch and Yenikale were ceded to Russia. As a result, the Turkish heritage has been almost completely wiped out.
In 1790 Russian naval forces under the command of admiral Fyodor Ushakov defeated the Turkish fleet at the Battle of Kerch Strait.[8]
Because of its location, from 1821 Kerch developed into an important trade and fishing port. The state museum of ancient times and a number of educational institutions were opened in the city. The ironwork factory was built in 1846 based on a huge iron ore deposit found on Kerch Peninsula.
During the Crimean War the city was devastated by British forces in 1855.
In the late 19th century, mechanical and cement factories were built, and tinned food and tobacco factories were established. By 1900, Kerch was connected to a railroad system, and the fairway of Kerch Strait was deepened and widened. At this time, the population had reached 33,000.
After suffering a decline during the First World War and the Russian Civil War, the city resumed its growth in the late 1920s, with the expansion of various industries, iron ore and metallurgy in particular, and by 1939 its population had reached 104,500.
Kerch in World War II
On the Eastern Front of World War II from 1941 to 1945, Kerch was the site of heavy fighting between Red Army and Axis forces. After fierce fighting, the city was taken by the Germans in November 1941. On 31 December 1941, the 302nd Mountain Rifle Division recaptured the city following a naval landing operation at Kamysh Burun, to the south of the city, five days earlier.[9] In 1942 the Germans occupied the city again. The Red Army lost over 160,000 men, either killed or taken POW at the Battle of the Kerch Peninsula. On 31 October 1943 another Soviet naval landing operation was launched. Kerch returned to Soviet control on 11 April 1944.
The German invaders killed about 15,000 citizens and deported another 14,000 during their occupation. Evidence of German atrocities in Kerch was presented in the Nuremberg trials. After the war, the city was awarded the title Hero City.
The Adzhimushkay catacombs in the city’s suburbs were the site of guerrilla warfare against the occupation. Thousands of soldiers and refugees found shelter inside and were involved in counterattacks. Many of them died underground, including those who died of numerous alleged poison gas attacks. Later, a memorial was established on the site.
On 11 November 2007, a powerful storm passed through the city, causing much damage and an ecological disaster as a few ships, including an oil tanker, were shipwrecked and blocked the Kerch Strait.
Recent events
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This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (November 2022) |
On 17 October 2018, a student killed 20 people and himself at Kerch Polytechnic College.
Geography
Kerch, view from Mount Mithridat
Climate
Kerch has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa)[10] with cool to cold winters and warm to hot summers.
| Climate data for Kerch (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 15.6 (60.1) |
17.5 (63.5) |
23.4 (74.1) |
27.6 (81.7) |
30.6 (87.1) |
35.2 (95.4) |
37.7 (99.9) |
37.9 (100.2) |
35.5 (95.9) |
30.9 (87.6) |
23.2 (73.8) |
19.4 (66.9) |
37.9 (100.2) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 3.8 (38.8) |
4.5 (40.1) |
8.8 (47.8) |
14.9 (58.8) |
21.0 (69.8) |
26.0 (78.8) |
29.0 (84.2) |
28.9 (84.0) |
23.4 (74.1) |
16.9 (62.4) |
10.2 (50.4) |
5.8 (42.4) |
16.1 (61.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 0.7 (33.3) |
1.1 (34.0) |
4.7 (40.5) |
10.1 (50.2) |
16.0 (60.8) |
21.2 (70.2) |
24.1 (75.4) |
24.0 (75.2) |
18.6 (65.5) |
12.6 (54.7) |
6.6 (43.9) |
2.8 (37.0) |
11.9 (53.4) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −2.0 (28.4) |
−1.9 (28.6) |
1.2 (34.2) |
5.8 (42.4) |
11.3 (52.3) |
16.3 (61.3) |
19.1 (66.4) |
19.2 (66.6) |
13.9 (57.0) |
8.7 (47.7) |
3.5 (38.3) |
0.1 (32.2) |
7.9 (46.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −23.7 (−10.7) |
−23.1 (−9.6) |
−15.6 (3.9) |
−6.5 (20.3) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
2.8 (37.0) |
9.9 (49.8) |
7.5 (45.5) |
1.0 (33.8) |
−5.4 (22.3) |
−11.8 (10.8) |
−17.6 (0.3) |
−23.7 (−10.7) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 38 (1.5) |
29 (1.1) |
33 (1.3) |
29 (1.1) |
31 (1.2) |
53 (2.1) |
33 (1.3) |
41 (1.6) |
35 (1.4) |
31 (1.2) |
39 (1.5) |
37 (1.5) |
429 (16.9) |
| Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) | 1 (0.4) |
2 (0.8) |
1 (0.4) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
1 (0.4) |
2 (0.8) |
| Average rainy days | 10 | 9 | 11 | 11 | 9 | 10 | 6 | 6 | 8 | 9 | 11 | 11 | 111 |
| Average snowy days | 8 | 8 | 5 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 2 | 7 | 30 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 85.6 | 83.6 | 80.5 | 75.8 | 73.1 | 69.9 | 66.6 | 66.5 | 71.4 | 77.3 | 83.3 | 85.3 | 76.6 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 61.9 | 91.6 | 142.4 | 190.8 | 278.0 | 299.7 | 339.3 | 310.3 | 242.5 | 170.4 | 91.3 | 56.5 | 2,274.7 |
| Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net[11] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: World Meteorological Organization (humidity and sun 1981–2010)[12] |
Administration
The city municipality stretches over a substantial area and includes several separate neighborhoods that are part of the Kerch city: Eltigen (Heroyevskoe), Kamysh-Burun (Arshyntsevo), Port Krym, Adzhimushkai, and Tuzla Island.
Economy
Today Kerch is considered as a city of metallurgists, shipbuilders and fishermen, and also has a significant tourism sector.
Industry
The largest enterprises in the city are:
- Kerch Metallurgical Works Factory launched in 1900
- Kamysh-Burun Iron Ore Plant
- «Zaliv» («Gulf») shipbuilding factory that produces and repairs tankers and cargo ships.
Construction-materials, food processing, and light industries play a significant role in the city’s economy. Kerch is also a fishing fleet base and an important processing centre for numerous fish products.
- Kerch Aircraft Repair Plant KeARZ
- KMZ KMK Metallurgical Plant, Kerch east
- Oil and Gas extraction industry petrochemical and storage
- Zaliv Shipyard, (Kamysh Burun Zheleznogoroda)
- Kvartz Quartz Glass Factory Plant KSZ (Glass (various) and optics, optical materials and instruments) (Kerch)
- PSZ Albatros, PSZ KMPZ Vityaz Priladobudivni (Instruments and Instruments making, Machinery, Engineering)
- Kamysh Burun Iron Metallurgy Plant
- KMZ KMTP SV Fregat floating docks yard and ship repair yard
- KSRZ uvas-trans floating docks yards and ship repair (also lesser Kerch ship repair yards around)
Tourism
Mithridates Staircase (19th century)
Because of its location on the shores of the Azov and Black seas, Kerch became a popular summer resort among people of the former USSR. Also, several mud-cure sources are located near the city. Despite the seaside location, the tourist appeal of Kerch today is limited because of the industrial character of the city and associated pollution.
Despite the lack of beaches in the town’s area, there are a lot of them at a distance of 20 minutes’ travel by bus, train or taxi.
Kerch has a number of impressive architectural and historical monuments. Ancient historical heritage of the city makes it attractive for scientific tourism. The most notable of Kerch’s sights are:
- Site of ancient settlement Pantikapaeum (5th century BC–3rd century AD).
- Tsarskiy Kurghan (4th century BC) – burial mound for one of the Bosporian kings
- Church of St. John the Baptist (AD 717)
- Fortress of Yenikale (18th century)
- The Great Mithridates Staircase leading on top of the Mount Mithridat, contains 428 footsteps, built in 1833–1840 under the guidance of Italian architect Alexander Digbi
- Obelisk of Glory on the Mount Mithridat, built after World War II
- Lapidarium
- Memorial of heroic guerilla warfare in Adzhimushkay mines
- Kerch Fortress; restricted area in Soviet times but free to enter in present days. The fortress was built by the Russian military architect Totleben in the middle of 19th century.
- Sites of ancient settlements Mirmecium, Tiritaka and Nimphei. There are also some settlements which have gone underwater due to earthquakes.
- So called Demetra’s Crypt, a crypt with numerous frescos dated 1st century BC.
Transport
Private houses are common in Kerch
Kerch has a harbour on the Kerch Strait, which makes it a key to the Sea of Azov, several railroad terminals and a small airport. The Kerch Strait ferry line across the Kerch Strait was established in 1953, connecting Crimea and the Krasnodar Krai (Port Krym – Port Kavkaz line); (as of November 2009) there are also plans for a Kerch-Poti ferry route.[13]
Tavrida Highway work in progress along Kerch railway (two rails) highway (four lanes) bridge to connect Rostov Krasnodar with peninsula.
There are several ports in Kerch, including Kerch Maritime Trading Port, Kerch Maritime Fishing Port, Port Krym (ferry crossing), Kamysh-Burun Port.
The railroad terminals include: Kerch, Kerch I, Kerch Factory, Arshyntsevo, and Krym.
Bus network connects Kerch to other cities in Crimea and Krasnodar Krai.
City transport
Map of Kerch tram lines with opening dates
Kerch has short tram system established in 1935 and destroyed in 1941.
Kerch trolleybus lines map with dates of opening
Kerch trolleybus system established in 2004, and have one line.
Crimean Bridge
On 25 April 2010, Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych and Russian President Dmitry Medvedev signed an agreement to build a bridge across the Kerch Strait. In January 2015, with Russia now in control, the contract for the construction of the bridge was awarded to Arkady Rotenberg’s S.G.M. Group. In May 2015 construction commenced, and the road section of the bridge was opened to traffic in May 2018. The rail section was opened in 2019, with Russian President Vladimir Putin taking the first train across on December 23.[14] It was heavily damaged by an explosion on 8 October 2022.
Culture
Festivals and celebrations
- Liberation Day (11 April)
- Day of Fishermen (the second Sunday of July)
- Day of the City (the second Saturday of September)
Education
Kerch hosts (2004):
- 28 schools,
- 9 institutes and branches of Ukrainian and Russian universities,
- shipbuilding and polytechnical colleges,
- medical school,
- 6 PTU schools,
- a number of pre-school child institutions
Archaeology
Excavations in Pantikapaeum
Archaeological digs in Kerch were launched under Russian auspices in the middle of the 19th century. Since then the site of ancient Panticapaeum city on Mount Mithridat has been systematically excavated. Located nearby are several ancient burial mounds (kurgans) and excavated cities. Kerch takes part in UNESCO’s «Silk Road» programme.
Treasures and historical findings of Kerch adorn the collections of major museums around the world. Such as: the Hermitage, the Louvre, the British Museum, the Berlin Museum, the Moscow State Museum of fine arts and many others.
Currently, excavations at ancient fortresses of Kerch are led by scientists from Russia, Ukraine, and Poland.
Twin towns – sister cities
| City | Country | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Mogilev | Belarus
|
1998 |
| Smolensk | Russia
|
1998 |
| Çanakkale | Turkey
|
1999 |
| Oryol | Russia
|
2004 |
| Odintsovo | Russia
|
2004 |
| Sochi | Russia
|
2005 |
| Kyiv | Ukraine
|
1997 |
| Tula, Russia | Russia
|
2014 |
Honours
A minor planet 2216 Kerch discovered in 1971 by Soviet astronomer Tamara Mikhailovna Smirnova is named after the city.[15]
Gallery
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| Fortress Kerch | Interior of the Church of Saint John the Baptist | Royal barrow (Royal Kurgan) entrance. |
See also
- Bosporan Kingdom
- Kerch (fortress)
- Kerch Polytechnic College massacre
- Kerch Strait
- Mount Mithridat
- Panticapaeum
- Tuzla Island
- Yeni-Kale
References
- ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2014). «Таблица 1.3. Численность населения Крымского федерального округа, городских округов, муниципальных районов, городских и сельских поселений» [Table 1.3. Population of Crimean Federal District, Its Urban Okrugs, Municipal Districts, Urban and Rural Settlements]. Федеральное статистическое наблюдение «Перепись населения в Крымском федеральном округе». («Population Census in Crimean Federal District» Federal Statistical Examination) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 4 January 2016.
- ^ «British Museum Collection».
- ^ «British Museum Collection».
- ^ «Antiquities of Kertch, and Researches in the Cimmerian Bosphorus, with Remarks on the ethnological and physical History of the Crimea by Duncan MacPherson ( 1857 )».
- ^ See Talk:Kerch#Meaning of Greek name? for discussion about the Greek name Panticapaeum.
- ^ Butyagin, Alexander (29 July 2008). «Myrmekion». Foundation of the Hellenic World. Retrieved 29 October 2018.
- ^ Inalcik, Halil (1979). «Servile Labor in the Ottoman Empire». In Ascher, Abraham; Király, Béla K.; Halasi-Kun, Tibor (eds.). The Mutual Effects of the Islamic and Judeo-Christian Worlds: The East European Pattern. Brooklyn, N.Y.: Brooklyn College Press. pp. 25–43. Archived from the original on 4 May 2017.
- ^ «Black Sea Fleet (BSF) Morskoyo Flota ( Naval Force)». GlobalSecurity.org. Retrieved 29 October 2018.
- ^ Forczyk, Robert (2014). Where the Iron Crosses Grow. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. pp. 103, 110.
- ^ Kottek, M.; J. Grieser; C. Beck; B. Rudolf; F. Rubel (2006). «World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated» (PDF). Meteorol. Z. 15 (3): 259–263. Bibcode:2006MetZe..15..259K. doi:10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130. Retrieved 11 December 2012.
- ^
Климат Керчи. pogodaiklimat.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 8 November 2021. - ^ «World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981–2010». World Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 17 July 2021. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
- ^ «Yushchenko says Ukraine to try quickly implement Kerch-Poti ferry route project». Interfax-Ukraine. 19 November 2009 – via Kyiv Post.
- ^ Putin takes first train across Crimea bridge, AFP, 23 December 2019.
- ^ Schmadel, Lutz D. (2003). Dictionary of Minor Planet Names (5th ed.). New York: Springer Verlag. p. 180. ISBN 3-540-00238-3.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kerch.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Kerch.
- Моя Керчь multi portal My Kerch: news, photo gallery, announcements, etc.
- Керчь – это город interactive map of Kerch
- Керчь – это мой город unofficial website of Kerch: information, news, photos, forum etc. (in Russian)
- Webcams
- Kropotkin, Peter Alexeivitch; Bealby, John Thomas (1911). «Kerch» . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). p. 754.
- Photos of Kerch Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine from Panoramio
- Map of Kerch’s Center (by «Kartografia», 2004)
- Infos and photos of Kerch in travelguide around Ukraine
- The murder of the Jews of Kerch during World War II, at Yad Vashem website.
«Bospor» redirects here. For the strait between Europe and Asia, see Bosphorus.
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Kerch Керч (Ukrainian) |
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|---|---|
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city |
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Kerch’s Obelisk of Glory, on Mount Mithridates |
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Flag
Coat of arms |
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Kerch Location of Kerch
Kerch Kerch (Ukraine) |
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| Coordinates: 45°21′43″N 36°28′16″E / 45.36194°N 36.47111°ECoordinates: 45°21′43″N 36°28′16″E / 45.36194°N 36.47111°E | |
| Country | Ukraine, claimed by Russia:
|
| Republic | Crimea1 |
| Raion | Kerch Raion |
| Area | |
| • Total | 108 km2 (42 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 10 m (30 ft) |
| Population
(2017) |
|
| • Total | 149,566 |
| • Density | 1,464.49/km2 (3,793.0/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+3 |
| Postal code |
298300 – 298399 |
| Area code | +7-36561 |
| Former name(s) | Panticapaeum, Bosporus, Vosporo, Korchev, Cerchio |
| Sister cities | Mogilev, Smolensk, Çanakkale, Oryol, Odintsovo, Sochi |
| Climate | Cfa |
| Website | горсовет-керчь.рф (de facto) |
| 1 Autonomous Republic of Crimea (de jure) or Republic of Crimea (de facto), depending on jurisdiction. |
Kerch (Ukrainian: Керч; Russian: Керчь, pronounced [ˈkʲertɕ]; Old East Slavic: Кърчевъ; Ancient Greek: Παντικάπαιον, Pantikápaion; Medieval Greek: Βόσπορος Bosporos; Crimean Tatar: Keriç, Керич; Turkish: Kerç) is a city of regional significance on the Kerch Peninsula in the east of the Crimea, Ukraine. Kerch has a population of about 147,033 (2014 Census).[1]
Founded 2,600 years ago as an ancient Greek colony, Kerch is considered to be one of the most ancient cities in Crimea. The city experienced rapid growth starting in the 1920s and was the site of a major battle during World War II.
Today, it is one of the largest cities in Crimea and is among the republic’s most important industrial, transport and tourist centres.
History
Ancient times
Archeological digs at Mayak village near the city ascertained that the area had already been inhabited in the 17th–15th centuries BC. While many finds from Kerch can be found in the Hermitage Museum in St Petersburg and the local museum, a large number of antique sculptures, reliefs, bronze and glassware, ceramics and jewellery were excavated in 1855-1856 during the Crimean War by Doctor Duncan MacPherson, a surgeon from the British Army, and later donated to the British Museum in London.[2][3][4]
Kerch as a city starts its history in the 7th century BC, when Greek colonists from Miletus founded a city-state named Panticapaeum[5] on Mount Mithridat near the mouth of the Melek-Chesme river. Panticapaeum subdued nearby cities and by 480 BC became the capital of the Kingdom of Bosporus. Later, during the rule of Mithradates VI Eupator, Panticapaeum for a short period of time became the capital of the much more powerful and extensive Kingdom of Pontus.
The city was located at the intersection of trade routes between the steppe and Europe. This caused it to grow rapidly. The city’s main exports were grain and salted fish; wine-making was also common. Panticapaeum minted its own coins. According to extant documents the Melek-Chesme river (small and shallow nowadays) was navigable in Bosporan times, and sea galleys were able to enter the river. A large portion of the city’s population was ethnically Scythian, later Sarmatian, as the large royal barrow (Kurgan) at Kul-Oba testifies.
In the 1st century AD Panticapaeum and the Kingdom of Bosporus suffered from Ostrogoth raids; then the city was devastated by the Huns in AD 375.
Myrmekion was founded in the eastern part of the Kerch, 4 km NE of ancient Panticapaeum. The settlement was founded by Ionians in the first half of the 6th c. BC.[6]
Middle Ages
Yenikale fortress in Kerch
From the 6th century the city was under the control of the Byzantine Empire. By order of Emperor Justinian I, a citadel named Bospor was built there. Bospor was the centre of a bishopric, the diocese of Bosporus and developed under the influence of Greek Christianity. In 576, it withstood a siege by the Göktürks under Bokhan, aided by Anagai, the last khan (ruler) of the Uturgurs (tribe of Huns).
Church of St John the Baptist, built in the 8th century
In the 7th century, the Turkic Khazars took control of Bospor, and the city was named Karcha from Turkic «karşı» meaning ‘opposite, facing.’ The main local government official during Khazar times was the tudun. Christianity was a major religion in Kerch during the period of Khazar rule. Kerch’s Church of St. John the Baptist was founded in 717; thus, it is the oldest church in Ukraine.[citation needed] The «Church of the Apostles» existed during the late 8th and early 9th centuries, according to the «Life of the Apostle Andrew» by Epiphanius of Salamis.
Following the fall of Khazaria to Kievan Rus’ in the late 10th century, Kerch became the centre of a Khazar successor-state. Its ruler, Georgius Tzul, was deposed by a Byzantine-Rus expedition in 1016.
From the 10th century, the city was a Slavic settlement named Korchev, which belonged to the Tmutarakan principality. Kerch was a center of trade between Russia’, Crimea, Caucasus and the Orient.
In the 13th century, Crimea including Korchev was invaded by Mongols. After the Mongols, the city became the Genoese colony of Cerco (Cherkio) in 1318 and served as a sea harbour, where townspeople worked at salt works and fishery.
In 1475, the city was passed to the Ottoman Empire. During the Turkish rule Kerch fell into decay and served as a slave-market.[7] It repeatedly suffered from raids of Zaporizhian Cossacks.
18th–20th centuries
In response to the strengthening of Russian military forces in Azov area, the Turks built a fortress, named Yenikale, near Kerch on the shore of Kerch Strait. The fortress was completed by 1706. In 1771 the Imperial Russian Army invaded Crimea and approached Yenikale. The Turks decided to abandon the fortress, though reinforcements from the Ottoman Empire had arrived a few days earlier. By the Peace Treaty of Kuchuk-Kainarji in 1774, Kerch and Yenikale were ceded to Russia. As a result, the Turkish heritage has been almost completely wiped out.
In 1790 Russian naval forces under the command of admiral Fyodor Ushakov defeated the Turkish fleet at the Battle of Kerch Strait.[8]
Because of its location, from 1821 Kerch developed into an important trade and fishing port. The state museum of ancient times and a number of educational institutions were opened in the city. The ironwork factory was built in 1846 based on a huge iron ore deposit found on Kerch Peninsula.
During the Crimean War the city was devastated by British forces in 1855.
In the late 19th century, mechanical and cement factories were built, and tinned food and tobacco factories were established. By 1900, Kerch was connected to a railroad system, and the fairway of Kerch Strait was deepened and widened. At this time, the population had reached 33,000.
After suffering a decline during the First World War and the Russian Civil War, the city resumed its growth in the late 1920s, with the expansion of various industries, iron ore and metallurgy in particular, and by 1939 its population had reached 104,500.
Kerch in World War II
On the Eastern Front of World War II from 1941 to 1945, Kerch was the site of heavy fighting between Red Army and Axis forces. After fierce fighting, the city was taken by the Germans in November 1941. On 31 December 1941, the 302nd Mountain Rifle Division recaptured the city following a naval landing operation at Kamysh Burun, to the south of the city, five days earlier.[9] In 1942 the Germans occupied the city again. The Red Army lost over 160,000 men, either killed or taken POW at the Battle of the Kerch Peninsula. On 31 October 1943 another Soviet naval landing operation was launched. Kerch returned to Soviet control on 11 April 1944.
The German invaders killed about 15,000 citizens and deported another 14,000 during their occupation. Evidence of German atrocities in Kerch was presented in the Nuremberg trials. After the war, the city was awarded the title Hero City.
The Adzhimushkay catacombs in the city’s suburbs were the site of guerrilla warfare against the occupation. Thousands of soldiers and refugees found shelter inside and were involved in counterattacks. Many of them died underground, including those who died of numerous alleged poison gas attacks. Later, a memorial was established on the site.
On 11 November 2007, a powerful storm passed through the city, causing much damage and an ecological disaster as a few ships, including an oil tanker, were shipwrecked and blocked the Kerch Strait.
Recent events
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This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (November 2022) |
On 17 October 2018, a student killed 20 people and himself at Kerch Polytechnic College.
Geography
Kerch, view from Mount Mithridat
Climate
Kerch has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa)[10] with cool to cold winters and warm to hot summers.
| Climate data for Kerch (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 15.6 (60.1) |
17.5 (63.5) |
23.4 (74.1) |
27.6 (81.7) |
30.6 (87.1) |
35.2 (95.4) |
37.7 (99.9) |
37.9 (100.2) |
35.5 (95.9) |
30.9 (87.6) |
23.2 (73.8) |
19.4 (66.9) |
37.9 (100.2) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 3.8 (38.8) |
4.5 (40.1) |
8.8 (47.8) |
14.9 (58.8) |
21.0 (69.8) |
26.0 (78.8) |
29.0 (84.2) |
28.9 (84.0) |
23.4 (74.1) |
16.9 (62.4) |
10.2 (50.4) |
5.8 (42.4) |
16.1 (61.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 0.7 (33.3) |
1.1 (34.0) |
4.7 (40.5) |
10.1 (50.2) |
16.0 (60.8) |
21.2 (70.2) |
24.1 (75.4) |
24.0 (75.2) |
18.6 (65.5) |
12.6 (54.7) |
6.6 (43.9) |
2.8 (37.0) |
11.9 (53.4) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −2.0 (28.4) |
−1.9 (28.6) |
1.2 (34.2) |
5.8 (42.4) |
11.3 (52.3) |
16.3 (61.3) |
19.1 (66.4) |
19.2 (66.6) |
13.9 (57.0) |
8.7 (47.7) |
3.5 (38.3) |
0.1 (32.2) |
7.9 (46.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −23.7 (−10.7) |
−23.1 (−9.6) |
−15.6 (3.9) |
−6.5 (20.3) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
2.8 (37.0) |
9.9 (49.8) |
7.5 (45.5) |
1.0 (33.8) |
−5.4 (22.3) |
−11.8 (10.8) |
−17.6 (0.3) |
−23.7 (−10.7) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 38 (1.5) |
29 (1.1) |
33 (1.3) |
29 (1.1) |
31 (1.2) |
53 (2.1) |
33 (1.3) |
41 (1.6) |
35 (1.4) |
31 (1.2) |
39 (1.5) |
37 (1.5) |
429 (16.9) |
| Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) | 1 (0.4) |
2 (0.8) |
1 (0.4) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
1 (0.4) |
2 (0.8) |
| Average rainy days | 10 | 9 | 11 | 11 | 9 | 10 | 6 | 6 | 8 | 9 | 11 | 11 | 111 |
| Average snowy days | 8 | 8 | 5 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 2 | 7 | 30 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 85.6 | 83.6 | 80.5 | 75.8 | 73.1 | 69.9 | 66.6 | 66.5 | 71.4 | 77.3 | 83.3 | 85.3 | 76.6 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 61.9 | 91.6 | 142.4 | 190.8 | 278.0 | 299.7 | 339.3 | 310.3 | 242.5 | 170.4 | 91.3 | 56.5 | 2,274.7 |
| Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net[11] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: World Meteorological Organization (humidity and sun 1981–2010)[12] |
Administration
The city municipality stretches over a substantial area and includes several separate neighborhoods that are part of the Kerch city: Eltigen (Heroyevskoe), Kamysh-Burun (Arshyntsevo), Port Krym, Adzhimushkai, and Tuzla Island.
Economy
Today Kerch is considered as a city of metallurgists, shipbuilders and fishermen, and also has a significant tourism sector.
Industry
The largest enterprises in the city are:
- Kerch Metallurgical Works Factory launched in 1900
- Kamysh-Burun Iron Ore Plant
- «Zaliv» («Gulf») shipbuilding factory that produces and repairs tankers and cargo ships.
Construction-materials, food processing, and light industries play a significant role in the city’s economy. Kerch is also a fishing fleet base and an important processing centre for numerous fish products.
- Kerch Aircraft Repair Plant KeARZ
- KMZ KMK Metallurgical Plant, Kerch east
- Oil and Gas extraction industry petrochemical and storage
- Zaliv Shipyard, (Kamysh Burun Zheleznogoroda)
- Kvartz Quartz Glass Factory Plant KSZ (Glass (various) and optics, optical materials and instruments) (Kerch)
- PSZ Albatros, PSZ KMPZ Vityaz Priladobudivni (Instruments and Instruments making, Machinery, Engineering)
- Kamysh Burun Iron Metallurgy Plant
- KMZ KMTP SV Fregat floating docks yard and ship repair yard
- KSRZ uvas-trans floating docks yards and ship repair (also lesser Kerch ship repair yards around)
Tourism
Mithridates Staircase (19th century)
Because of its location on the shores of the Azov and Black seas, Kerch became a popular summer resort among people of the former USSR. Also, several mud-cure sources are located near the city. Despite the seaside location, the tourist appeal of Kerch today is limited because of the industrial character of the city and associated pollution.
Despite the lack of beaches in the town’s area, there are a lot of them at a distance of 20 minutes’ travel by bus, train or taxi.
Kerch has a number of impressive architectural and historical monuments. Ancient historical heritage of the city makes it attractive for scientific tourism. The most notable of Kerch’s sights are:
- Site of ancient settlement Pantikapaeum (5th century BC–3rd century AD).
- Tsarskiy Kurghan (4th century BC) – burial mound for one of the Bosporian kings
- Church of St. John the Baptist (AD 717)
- Fortress of Yenikale (18th century)
- The Great Mithridates Staircase leading on top of the Mount Mithridat, contains 428 footsteps, built in 1833–1840 under the guidance of Italian architect Alexander Digbi
- Obelisk of Glory on the Mount Mithridat, built after World War II
- Lapidarium
- Memorial of heroic guerilla warfare in Adzhimushkay mines
- Kerch Fortress; restricted area in Soviet times but free to enter in present days. The fortress was built by the Russian military architect Totleben in the middle of 19th century.
- Sites of ancient settlements Mirmecium, Tiritaka and Nimphei. There are also some settlements which have gone underwater due to earthquakes.
- So called Demetra’s Crypt, a crypt with numerous frescos dated 1st century BC.
Transport
Private houses are common in Kerch
Kerch has a harbour on the Kerch Strait, which makes it a key to the Sea of Azov, several railroad terminals and a small airport. The Kerch Strait ferry line across the Kerch Strait was established in 1953, connecting Crimea and the Krasnodar Krai (Port Krym – Port Kavkaz line); (as of November 2009) there are also plans for a Kerch-Poti ferry route.[13]
Tavrida Highway work in progress along Kerch railway (two rails) highway (four lanes) bridge to connect Rostov Krasnodar with peninsula.
There are several ports in Kerch, including Kerch Maritime Trading Port, Kerch Maritime Fishing Port, Port Krym (ferry crossing), Kamysh-Burun Port.
The railroad terminals include: Kerch, Kerch I, Kerch Factory, Arshyntsevo, and Krym.
Bus network connects Kerch to other cities in Crimea and Krasnodar Krai.
City transport
Map of Kerch tram lines with opening dates
Kerch has short tram system established in 1935 and destroyed in 1941.
Kerch trolleybus lines map with dates of opening
Kerch trolleybus system established in 2004, and have one line.
Crimean Bridge
On 25 April 2010, Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych and Russian President Dmitry Medvedev signed an agreement to build a bridge across the Kerch Strait. In January 2015, with Russia now in control, the contract for the construction of the bridge was awarded to Arkady Rotenberg’s S.G.M. Group. In May 2015 construction commenced, and the road section of the bridge was opened to traffic in May 2018. The rail section was opened in 2019, with Russian President Vladimir Putin taking the first train across on December 23.[14] It was heavily damaged by an explosion on 8 October 2022.
Culture
Festivals and celebrations
- Liberation Day (11 April)
- Day of Fishermen (the second Sunday of July)
- Day of the City (the second Saturday of September)
Education
Kerch hosts (2004):
- 28 schools,
- 9 institutes and branches of Ukrainian and Russian universities,
- shipbuilding and polytechnical colleges,
- medical school,
- 6 PTU schools,
- a number of pre-school child institutions
Archaeology
Excavations in Pantikapaeum
Archaeological digs in Kerch were launched under Russian auspices in the middle of the 19th century. Since then the site of ancient Panticapaeum city on Mount Mithridat has been systematically excavated. Located nearby are several ancient burial mounds (kurgans) and excavated cities. Kerch takes part in UNESCO’s «Silk Road» programme.
Treasures and historical findings of Kerch adorn the collections of major museums around the world. Such as: the Hermitage, the Louvre, the British Museum, the Berlin Museum, the Moscow State Museum of fine arts and many others.
Currently, excavations at ancient fortresses of Kerch are led by scientists from Russia, Ukraine, and Poland.
Twin towns – sister cities
| City | Country | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Mogilev | Belarus
|
1998 |
| Smolensk | Russia
|
1998 |
| Çanakkale | Turkey
|
1999 |
| Oryol | Russia
|
2004 |
| Odintsovo | Russia
|
2004 |
| Sochi | Russia
|
2005 |
| Kyiv | Ukraine
|
1997 |
| Tula, Russia | Russia
|
2014 |
Honours
A minor planet 2216 Kerch discovered in 1971 by Soviet astronomer Tamara Mikhailovna Smirnova is named after the city.[15]
Gallery
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|
|
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| Fortress Kerch | Interior of the Church of Saint John the Baptist | Royal barrow (Royal Kurgan) entrance. |
See also
- Bosporan Kingdom
- Kerch (fortress)
- Kerch Polytechnic College massacre
- Kerch Strait
- Mount Mithridat
- Panticapaeum
- Tuzla Island
- Yeni-Kale
References
- ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2014). «Таблица 1.3. Численность населения Крымского федерального округа, городских округов, муниципальных районов, городских и сельских поселений» [Table 1.3. Population of Crimean Federal District, Its Urban Okrugs, Municipal Districts, Urban and Rural Settlements]. Федеральное статистическое наблюдение «Перепись населения в Крымском федеральном округе». («Population Census in Crimean Federal District» Federal Statistical Examination) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 4 January 2016.
- ^ «British Museum Collection».
- ^ «British Museum Collection».
- ^ «Antiquities of Kertch, and Researches in the Cimmerian Bosphorus, with Remarks on the ethnological and physical History of the Crimea by Duncan MacPherson ( 1857 )».
- ^ See Talk:Kerch#Meaning of Greek name? for discussion about the Greek name Panticapaeum.
- ^ Butyagin, Alexander (29 July 2008). «Myrmekion». Foundation of the Hellenic World. Retrieved 29 October 2018.
- ^ Inalcik, Halil (1979). «Servile Labor in the Ottoman Empire». In Ascher, Abraham; Király, Béla K.; Halasi-Kun, Tibor (eds.). The Mutual Effects of the Islamic and Judeo-Christian Worlds: The East European Pattern. Brooklyn, N.Y.: Brooklyn College Press. pp. 25–43. Archived from the original on 4 May 2017.
- ^ «Black Sea Fleet (BSF) Morskoyo Flota ( Naval Force)». GlobalSecurity.org. Retrieved 29 October 2018.
- ^ Forczyk, Robert (2014). Where the Iron Crosses Grow. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. pp. 103, 110.
- ^ Kottek, M.; J. Grieser; C. Beck; B. Rudolf; F. Rubel (2006). «World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated» (PDF). Meteorol. Z. 15 (3): 259–263. Bibcode:2006MetZe..15..259K. doi:10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130. Retrieved 11 December 2012.
- ^
Климат Керчи. pogodaiklimat.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 8 November 2021. - ^ «World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981–2010». World Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 17 July 2021. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
- ^ «Yushchenko says Ukraine to try quickly implement Kerch-Poti ferry route project». Interfax-Ukraine. 19 November 2009 – via Kyiv Post.
- ^ Putin takes first train across Crimea bridge, AFP, 23 December 2019.
- ^ Schmadel, Lutz D. (2003). Dictionary of Minor Planet Names (5th ed.). New York: Springer Verlag. p. 180. ISBN 3-540-00238-3.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kerch.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Kerch.
- Моя Керчь multi portal My Kerch: news, photo gallery, announcements, etc.
- Керчь – это город interactive map of Kerch
- Керчь – это мой город unofficial website of Kerch: information, news, photos, forum etc. (in Russian)
- Webcams
- Kropotkin, Peter Alexeivitch; Bealby, John Thomas (1911). «Kerch» . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). p. 754.
- Photos of Kerch Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine from Panoramio
- Map of Kerch’s Center (by «Kartografia», 2004)
- Infos and photos of Kerch in travelguide around Ukraine
- The murder of the Jews of Kerch during World War II, at Yad Vashem website.
Перевод для «керчь» на английский
- Примеры
- Подобные фразы
Примеры перевода
-
kerch
Крым — это Балаклава и Керчь, Малахов курган и Сапун-гора.
Crimea is Balaklava and Kerch, Malakhov Kurgan and Sapun Ridge.
E 60 Брест — … — Констанца — Одесса — Николаев — Херсон — Армянск — Джанкой — Керчь — Новороссийск — Сочи — Сухуми — Сенаки
E 60 Brest — … — Constanta — Odessa -Mikolaev -Kherson — Armjansk — Djankoy — Kerch — Novorossijsk — Sotchi — Sukhumi — Senaki
В состав зон, сильнее всего загрязненных боеприпасами, входят определенные территории Киева, Керчи и Севастополя, а также воды Черного и Азовского морей.
Some territories surrounding Kyiv, Kerch and Sevastopol, and the waters of the Black Sea and Sea of Azov, were among the areas most severely contaminated by the ordnance.
Для Севастополя и Керчи, представляющих серьезный риск для людей, установлен приоритетный статус в отношении разминирования и действует отдельная региональная программа; за период выполнения работ разминировано около 1 500 гектаров.
A separate, regional programme identified Sevastopol and Kerch as high-risk areas, according them priority status in demining operations; it had cleared nearly 1,500 ha.
50. Следует представить информацию о возможной экономической дискриминации в отношении крымских портов, например порта Керчи, которая является следствием решения украинских властей, принятым в августе 1996 года, о лишении этих портов права обрабатывать такие наиболее прибыльные товары, как водка и коньяк.
50. Information was needed on possible economic discrimination against ports in Crimea, such as the port of Kerch, resulting from the Ukrainian authorities’ decision in August 1996 to remove the right to handle goods that brought in the most profit, such as vodka and brandy.
15 июля 2014 года вступил в силу приказ Министерства инфраструктуры Украины № 255 от 16 июня 2014 года <<О закрытии морских портов>>, в соответствии с которым морские порты Керчи, Севастополя, Феодосии, Ялты и Евпатории были закрыты начиная с 15 июля 2014 года.
On 15 July 2014, Order of the Ministry of Infrastructure of Ukraine No. 255 of 16 June 2014, entitled «On closure of seaports», entered into force, pursuant to which the seaports of Kerch, Sevastopol, Feodosia, Yalta and Yevpatoria were closed starting on 15 July 2014.
a) Дорога Е60, пересекающая территорию Украины, должна проходить через Рени и обозначаться следующим образом: Брест… — Констанца — Рени — Одесса — Николаев — Херсон — Армянск — Джанкой — Керчь… — Сенаки (предложения министерства транспорта Украины № 5/26-4-2295 от 11 апреля 1997 года).
(a) The E-60 which crosses the territory of Ukraine should pass through Reni and be renamed the Brest … — Constanta — Reni — Odessa — Nikolaev — Kherson — Armyansk — Dzhankoi — Kerch … — Senaki route (Ukrainian Ministry of Transport proposals No. 5/26-4-2295 of 11 April 1997).
Имею честь настоящим препроводить в приложении для Вашего сведения сообщение Министерства иностранных дел Украины относительно закрытия начиная с 15 июля 2014 года морских портов Керчи, Севастополя, Феодосии, Ялты и Евпатории, расположенных на территории Автономной Республики Крым, и города Севастополя в связи с временной оккупацией этих территорий.
I have the honour to enclose herewith, for your information, a communication of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine on the closure, beginning on 15 July 2014, of the seaports of Kerch, Sevastopol, Feodosia, Yalta and Yevpatoria, located in the territory of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol, owing to the temporary occupation of those territories (see annex).
Из Вологды в Керчь.
I’m going to Kerch.
А ты в Керчь?
And you, going to Kerch!
И в Керчи, брат, труппы нет.
None in Kerch, either.
За ней последуют Шухан и Керчия.
The Shu will follow, then the Kerch.
крымский татарин, лодочник из Керчи».
A Crimean Tatar, a boatman from Kerch.
Нет ни равкианцев, ни фьерданцев, ни Керчии, ни Шухана.
There are no Ravkans, no Fjerdans, no Kerch, no Shu Han.
– Кориантум из Керчи. Вы кто? И где это я?
Coryanthum of Kerch — who are you? Where am I?
Послы из Керчии заваливают королеву подарками.
The Kerch ambassadors are showering the Queen with gifts.
Я видел оружие, которое делают в Керчии и Фьерде.
I’ve seen the weapons they’re developing in Kerch and Fjerda.
Тогда вы и ваш друг прибыли в Керчь. – Теперь я вспомнил.
You and your friend the poet came to Kerch.» «I remember now.
Сергей, мол, был идиотом, которому лучше бы научиться торговать в Керчии.
Sergei was an idiot who was better off learning to trade in Kerch.
Они также передадут приглашение встретиться с ним и заклинательницей Солнца в нейтральной Керчии.
They also carried an invitation to meet with him and the Sun Summoner in neutral Kerch.
Но тут подвернулся какой-то веганец, который увел у него первую жену и отправился с ней в Керчь.
But there was a Vegan who had taken his first woman from him, taken her to Kerch.
В данной статье опубликован список городов России с переводом или транслитерацией, одобренной посольством США для анкеты DS-160 на неиммиграционную визу в США, формы DS-260 и других. Список правильного перевода городов других стран по ссылкам здесь: Украина, Казахстан, Беларусь.
Для удобства поиска нужного города, области, края, республики России — список городов отсортирован в алфавитном порядке. Либо можете воспользоваться поиском в браузере: нажмите одновременно на клавиатуре 2 клавиши «Ctrl и F», откроется окно с поиском, где указываете нужный город РФ для которого требуется найти перевод на английский язык для анкеты на визу в США или для американского посольства.
Города России на английском языке для анкеты на визу в США
Ниже список городов России по английски, как требуется указать в анкетах и формах на визу США, Грин Карту и прочих, например как правильно перевести и написать русский город для анкеты DS-160.
На заметку
Если собеседование планируется не в местном консульском отделе, а заграничном.. к примеру, не в посольстве США в Москве, а в посольстве США в Польше или ином консульском отделе США за пределами России, то в названии региона указываете «Region» вместо «Oblast | Republic | Krai».
Примеры,
Moscow Oblast -> Moscow Region
Krasnodar Krai -> Krasnodar Region
Republic of Tatarstan -> Tatarstan Region
А
Абаза, Республика Хакасия -> Abaza, Republic of Khakassia
Абакан, Республика Хакасия -> Abakan, Republic of Khakassia
Абдулино, Оренбургская область -> Abdulino, Orenburg Oblast
Абинск, Краснодарский край -> Abinsk, Krasnodar Krai
Агидель, Республика Башкортостан -> Agidel, Republic of Bashkortostan
Агрыз, Республика Татарстан -> Agryz, Republic of Tatarstan
Адыгейск, Республика Адыгея -> Adygeysk, Republic of Adygea
Азнакаево, Республика Татарстан -> Aznakayevo, Republic of Tatarstan
Азов, Ростовская область -> Azov, Rostov Oblast
Ак-Довурак, Республика Тыва -> Ak-Dovurak, Tuva Republic
Аксай, Ростовская область -> Aksay, Rostov Oblast
Алагир, Республика Северная Осетия — Алания -> Alagir, Republic of North Ossetia-Alania
Алапаевск, Свердловская область -> Alapayevsk, Sverdlovsk Oblast
Алатырь, Чувашская Республика -> Alatyr, Chuvash Republic
Алдан, Республика Саха -> Aldan, Sakha Republic
Алейск, Алтайский край -> Aleysk, Altai Krai
Александров, Владимирская область -> Alexandrov, Vladimir Oblast
Александровск, Пермский край -> Alexandrovsk, Perm Krai
Александровск-Сахалинский, Сахалинская область -> Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky, Sakhalin Oblast
Алексеевка, Белгородская область -> Alexeyevka, Belgorod Oblast
Алексин, Тульская область -> Aleksin, Tula Oblast
Алзамай, Иркутская область -> Alzamay, Irkutsk Oblast
Алупка, Республика Крым -> Alupka, Republic of Crimea
Алушта, Республика Крым -> Alushta, Republic of Crimea
Альметьевск, Республика Татарстан -> Almetyevsk, Republic of Tatarstan
Амурск, Хабаровский край -> Amursk, Khabarovsk Krai
Анадырь, Чукотский автономный округ -> Anadyr, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
Анапа, Краснодарский край -> Anapa, Krasnodar Krai
Ангарск, Иркутская область -> Angarsk, Irkutsk Oblast
Андреаполь, Тверская область -> Andreapol, Tver Oblast
Анжеро-Судженск, Кемеровская область -> Anzhero-Sudzhensk, Kemerovo Oblast
Анива, Сахалинская область -> Aniva, Sakhalin Oblast
Апатиты, Мурманская область -> Apatity, Murmansk Oblast
Апрелевка, Московская область -> Aprelevka, Moscow Oblast
Апшеронск, Краснодарский край -> Apsheronsk, Krasnodar Krai
Арамиль, Свердловская область -> Aramil, Sverdlovsk Oblast
Аргун, Чеченская Республика -> Argun, Chechen Republic
Ардатов, Республика Мордовия -> Ardatov, Republic of Mordovia
Ардон, Республика Северная Осетия — Алания -> Ardon, Republic of North Ossetia-Alania
Арзамас, Нижегородская область -> Arzamas, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Аркадак, Саратовская область -> Arkadak, Saratov Oblast
Армавир, Краснодарский край -> Armavir, Krasnodar Krai
Армянск, Республика Крым -> Armyansk, Republic of Crimea
Арсеньев, Приморский край -> Arsenyev, Primorsky Krai
Арск, Республика Татарстан -> Arsk, Republic of Tatarstan
Артём, Приморский край -> Artyom, Primorsky Krai
Артёмовск, Красноярский край -> Artyomovsk, Krasnoyarsk Krai
Артёмовский, Свердловская область -> Artyomovsky, Sverdlovsk Oblast
Архангельск, Архангельская область -> Arkhangelsk, Arkhangelsk Oblast
Асбест, Свердловская область -> Asbest, Sverdlovsk Oblast
Асино, Томская область -> Asino, Tomsk Oblast
Астрахань, Астраханская область -> Astrakhan, Astrakhan Oblast
Аткарск, Саратовская область -> Atkarsk, Saratov Oblast
Ахтубинск, Астраханская область -> Akhtubinsk, Astrakhan Oblast
Ачинск, Красноярский край -> Achinsk, Krasnoyarsk Krai
Аша, Челябинская область -> Asha, Chelyabinsk Oblast
Б
Бабаево, Вологодская область -> Babayevo, Vologda Oblast
Бабушкин, Республика Бурятия -> Babushkin, Republic of Buryatia
Бавлы, Республика Татарстан -> Bavly, Republic of Tatarstan
Багратионовск, Калининградская область -> Bagrationovsk, Kaliningrad Oblast
Байкальск, Иркутская область -> Baykalsk, Irkutsk Oblast
Баймак, Республика Башкортостан -> Baymak, Republic of Bashkortostan
Бакал, Челябинская область -> Bakal, Chelyabinsk Oblast
Баксан, Кабардино-Балкарская Республика -> Baksan, Kabardino-Balkar Republic
Балабаново, Калужская область -> Balabanovo, Kaluga Oblast
Балаково, Саратовская область -> Balakovo, Saratov Oblast
Балахна, Нижегородская область -> Balakhna, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Балашиха, Московская область -> Balashikha, Moscow Oblast
Балашов, Саратовская область -> Balashov, Saratov Oblast
Балей, Забайкальский край -> Baley, Zabaykalsky Krai
Балтийск, Калининградская область -> Baltiysk, Kaliningrad Oblast
Барабинск, Новосибирская область -> Barabinsk, Novosibirsk Oblast
Барнаул, Алтайский край -> Barnaul, Altai Krai
Барыш, Ульяновская область -> Barysh, Ulyanovsk Oblast
Батайск, Ростовская область -> Bataysk, Rostov Oblast
Бахчисарай, Республика Крым -> Bakhchysarai, Republic of Crimea
Бежецк, Тверская область -> Bezhetsk, Tver Oblast
Белая Калитва, Ростовская область -> Belaya Kalitva, Rostov Oblast
Белая Холуница, Кировская область -> Belaya Kholunitsa, Kirov Oblast
Белгород, Белгородская область -> Belgorod, Belgorod Oblast
Белебей, Республика Башкортостан -> Belebey, Republic of Bashkortostan
Белёв, Тульская область -> Belyov, Tula Oblast
Белинский, Пензенская область -> Belinsky, Penza Oblast
Белово, Кемеровская область -> Belovo, Kemerovo Oblast
Белогорск, Амурская область -> Belogorsk, Amur Oblast
Белогорск, Республика Крым -> Bilohirsk, Republic of Crimea
Белозерск, Вологодская область -> Belozersk, Vologda Oblast
Белокуриха, Алтайский край -> Belokurikha, Altai Krai
Беломорск, Республика Карелия -> Belomorsk, Republic of Karelia
Белорецк, Республика Башкортостан -> Beloretsk, Republic of Bashkortostan
Белореченск, Краснодарский край -> Belorechensk, Krasnodar Krai
Белоусово, Калужская область -> Belousovo, Kaluga Oblast
Белоярский, Ханты-Мансийский автономный округ -> Beloyarsky, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug
Белый, Тверская область -> Bely, Tver Oblast
Бердск, Новосибирская область -> Berdsk, Novosibirsk Oblast
Березники, Пермский край -> Berezniki, Perm Krai
Берёзовский, Кемеровская область -> Beryozovsky, Kemerovo Oblast
Берёзовский, Свердловская область -> Beryozovsky, Sverdlovsk Oblast
Беслан, Республика Северная Осетия — Алания -> Beslan, Republic of North Ossetia-Alania
Бийск, Алтайский край -> Biysk, Altai Krai
Бикин, Хабаровский край -> Bikin, Khabarovsk Krai
Билибино, Чукотский автономный округ -> Bilibino, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
Биробиджан, Еврейская автономная область -> Birobidzhan, Jewish Autonomous Oblast
Бирск, Республика Башкортостан -> Birsk, Republic of Bashkortostan
Бирюсинск, Иркутская область -> Biryusinsk, Irkutsk Oblast
Бирюч, Белгородская область -> Biryuch, Belgorod Oblast
Благовещенск, Республика Башкортостан -> Blagoveshchensk, Republic of Bashkortostan
Благовещенск, Амурская область -> Blagoveshchensk, Amur Oblast
Благодарный, Ставропольский край -> Blagodarny, Stavropol Krai
Бобров, Воронежская область -> Bobrov, Voronezh Oblast
Богданович, Свердловская область -> Bogdanovich, Sverdlovsk Oblast
Богородицк, Тульская область -> Bogoroditsk, Tula Oblast
Богородск, Нижегородская область -> Bogorodsk, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Боготол, Красноярский край -> Bogotol, Krasnoyarsk Krai
Богучар, Воронежская область -> Boguchar, Voronezh Oblast
Бодайбо, Иркутская область -> Bodaybo, Irkutsk Oblast
Бокситогорск, Ленинградская область -> Boksitogorsk, Leningrad Oblast
Болгар, Республика Татарстан -> Bolgar, Republic of Tatarstan
Бологое, Тверская область -> Bologoye, Tver Oblast
Болотное, Новосибирская область -> Bolotnoye, Novosibirsk Oblast
Болохово, Тульская область -> Bolokhovo, Tula Oblast
Болхов, Орловская область -> Bolkhov, Oryol Oblast
Большой Камень, Приморский край -> Bolshoy Kamen, Primorsky Krai
Бор, Нижегородская область -> Bor, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Борзя, Забайкальский край -> Borzya, Zabaykalsky Krai
Борисоглебск, Воронежская область -> Borisoglebsk, Voronezh Oblast
Боровичи, Новгородская область -> Borovichi, Novgorod Oblast
Боровск, Калужская область -> Borovsk, Kaluga Oblast
Бородино, Красноярский край -> Borodino, Krasnoyarsk Krai
Братск, Иркутская область -> Bratsk, Irkutsk Oblast
Бронницы, Московская область -> Bronnitsy, Moscow Oblast
Брянск, Брянская область -> Bryansk, Bryansk Oblast
Бугульма, Республика Татарстан -> Bugulma, Republic of Tatarstan
Бугуруслан, Оренбургская область -> Buguruslan, Orenburg Oblast
Будённовск, Ставропольский край -> Budyonnovsk, Stavropol Krai
Бузулук, Оренбургская область -> Buzuluk, Orenburg Oblast
Буинск, Республика Татарстан -> Buinsk, Republic of Tatarstan
Буй, Костромская область -> Buy, Kostroma Oblast
Буйнакск, Республика Дагестан -> Buynaksk, Republic of Dagestan
Бутурлиновка, Воронежская область -> Buturlinovka, Voronezh Oblast
В
Валдай, Новгородская область -> Valday, Novgorod Oblast
Валуйки, Белгородская область -> Valuyki, Belgorod Oblast
Велиж, Смоленская область -> Velizh, Smolensk Oblast
Великие Луки, Псковская область -> Velikiye Luki, Pskov Oblast
Великий Новгород, Новгородская область -> Veliky Novgorod, Novgorod Oblast
Великий Устюг, Вологодская область -> Veliky Ustyug, Vologda Oblast
Вельск, Архангельская область -> Velsk, Arkhangelsk Oblast
Венёв, Тульская область -> Venyov, Tula Oblast
Верещагино, Пермский край -> Vereshchagino, Perm Krai
Верея, Московская область -> Vereya, Moscow Oblast
Верхнеуральск, Челябинская область -> Verkhneuralsk, Chelyabinsk Oblast
Верхний Тагил, Свердловская область -> Verkhny Tagil, Sverdlovsk Oblast
Верхний Уфалей, Челябинская область -> Verkhny Ufaley, Chelyabinsk Oblast
Верхняя Пышма, Свердловская область -> Verkhnyaya Pyshma, Sverdlovsk Oblast
Верхняя Салда, Свердловская область -> Verkhnyaya Salda, Sverdlovsk Oblast
Верхняя Тура, Свердловская область -> Verkhnyaya Tura, Sverdlovsk Oblast
Верхотурье, Свердловская область -> Verkhoturye, Sverdlovsk Oblast
Верхоянск, Республика Саха -> Verkhoyansk, Sakha Republic
Весьегонск, Тверская область -> Vesyegonsk, Tver Oblast
Ветлуга, Нижегородская область -> Vetluga, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Видное, Московская область -> Vidnoye, Moscow Oblast
Вилюйск, Республика Саха -> Vilyuysk, Sakha Republic
Вилючинск, Камчатский край -> Vilyuchinsk, Kamchatka Krai
Вихоревка, Иркутская область -> Vikhorevka, Irkutsk Oblast
Вичуга, Ивановская область -> Vichuga, Ivanovo Oblast
Владивосток, Приморский край -> Vladivostok, Primorsky Krai
Владикавказ, Республика Северная Осетия — Алания -> Vladikavkaz, Republic of North Ossetia-Alania
Владимир, Владимирская область -> Vladimir, Vladimir Oblast
Волгоград, Волгоградская область -> Volgograd, Volgograd Oblast
Волгодонск, Ростовская область -> Volgodonsk, Rostov Oblast
Волгореченск, Костромская область -> Volgorechensk, Kostroma Oblast
Волжск, Республика Марий Эл -> Volzhsk, Mari El Republic
Волжский, Волгоградская область -> Volzhsky, Volgograd Oblast
Вологда, Вологодская область -> Vologda, Vologda Oblast
Володарск, Нижегородская область -> Volodarsk, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Волоколамск, Московская область -> Volokolamsk, Moscow Oblast
Волосово, Ленинградская область -> Volosovo, Leningrad Oblast
Волхов, Ленинградская область -> Volkhov, Leningrad Oblast
Волчанск, Свердловская область -> Volchansk, Sverdlovsk Oblast
Вольск, Саратовская область -> Volsk, Saratov Oblast
Воркута, Республика Коми -> Vorkuta, Komi Republic
Воронеж, Воронежская область -> Voronezh, Voronezh Oblast
Ворсма, Нижегородская область -> Vorsma, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Воскресенск, Московская область -> Voskresensk, Moscow Oblast
Воткинск, Удмуртская Республика -> Votkinsk, Udmurt Republic
Всеволожск, Ленинградская область -> Vsevolozhsk, Leningrad Oblast
Вуктыл, Республика Коми -> Vuktyl, Komi Republic
Выборг, Ленинградская область -> Vyborg, Leningrad Oblast
Выкса, Нижегородская область -> Vyksa, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Высоковск, Московская область -> Vysokovsk, Moscow Oblast
Высоцк, Ленинградская область -> Vysotsk, Leningrad Oblast
Вытегра, Вологодская область -> Vytegra, Vologda Oblast
Вышний Волочёк, Тверская область -> Vyshny Volochyok, Tver Oblast
Вяземский, Хабаровский край -> Vyazemsky, Khabarovsk Krai
Вязники, Владимирская область -> Vyazniki, Vladimir Oblast
Вязьма, Смоленская область -> Vyazma, Smolensk Oblast
Вятские Поляны, Кировская область -> Vyatskiye Polyany, Kirov Oblast
Г
Гаврилов Посад, Ивановская область -> Gavrilov Posad, Ivanovo Oblast
Гаврилов-Ям, Ярославская область -> Gavrilov-Yam, Yaroslavl Oblast
Гагарин, Смоленская область -> Gagarin, Smolensk Oblast
Гаджиево, Мурманская область -> Gadzhiyevo, Murmansk Oblast
Гай, Оренбургская область -> Gay, Orenburg Oblast
Галич, Костромская область -> Galich, Kostroma Oblast
Гатчина, Ленинградская область -> Gatchina, Leningrad Oblast
Гвардейск, Калининградская область -> Gvardeysk, Kaliningrad Oblast
Гдов, Псковская область -> Gdov, Pskov Oblast
Геленджик, Краснодарский край -> Gelendzhik, Krasnodar Krai
Георгиевск, Ставропольский край -> Georgiyevsk, Stavropol Krai
Глазов, Удмуртская Республика -> Glazov, Udmurt Republic
Голицыно, Московская область -> Golitsyno, Moscow Oblast
Горбатов, Нижегородская область -> Gorbatov, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Горно-Алтайск, Республика Алтай -> Gorno-Altaysk, Altai Republic
Горнозаводск, Пермский край -> Gornozavodsk, Perm Krai
Горняк, Алтайский край -> Gornyak, Altai Krai
Городец, Нижегородская область -> Gorodets, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Городище, Пензенская область -> Gorodishche, Penza Oblast
Городовиковск, Республика Калмыкия -> Gorodovikovsk, Republic of Kalmykia
Гороховец, Владимирская область -> Gorokhovets, Vladimir Oblast
Горячий Ключ, Краснодарский край -> Goryachy Klyuch, Krasnodar Krai
Грайворон, Белгородская область -> Grayvoron, Belgorod Oblast
Гремячинск, Пермский край -> Gremyachinsk, Perm Krai
Грозный, Чеченская Республика -> Grozny, Chechen Republic
Грязи, Липецкая область -> Gryazi, Lipetsk Oblast
Грязовец, Вологодская область -> Gryazovets, Vologda Oblast
Губаха, Пермский край -> Gubakha, Perm Krai
Губкин, Белгородская область -> Gubkin, Belgorod Oblast
Губкинский, Ямало-Ненецкий автономный округ -> Gubkinsky, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
Гудермес, Чеченская Республика -> Gudermes, Chechen Republic
Гуково, Ростовская область -> Gukovo, Rostov Oblast
Гулькевичи, Краснодарский край -> Gulkevichi, Krasnodar Krai
Гурьевск, Калининградская область -> Guryevsk, Kaliningrad Oblast
Гурьевск, Кемеровская область -> Guryevsk, Kemerovo Oblast
Гусев, Калининградская область -> Gusev, Kaliningrad Oblast
Гусиноозёрск, Республика Бурятия -> Gusinoozyorsk, Republic of Buryatia
Гусь-Хрустальный, Владимирская область -> Gus-Khrustalny, Vladimir Oblast
Д
Давлеканово, Республика Башкортостан -> Davlekanovo, Republic of Bashkortostan
Дагестанские Огни, Республика Дагестан -> Dagestanskiye Ogni, Republic of Dagestan
Далматово, Курганская область -> Dalmatovo, Kurgan Oblast
Дальнегорск, Приморский край -> Dalnegorsk, Primorsky Krai
Дальнереченск, Приморский край -> Dalnerechensk, Primorsky Krai
Данилов, Ярославская область -> Danilov, Yaroslavl Oblast
Данков, Липецкая область -> Dankov, Lipetsk Oblast
Дегтярск, Свердловская область -> Degtyarsk, Sverdlovsk Oblast
Дедовск, Московская область -> Dedovsk, Moscow Oblast
Демидов, Смоленская область -> Demidov, Smolensk Oblast
Дербент, Республика Дагестан -> Derbent, Republic of Dagestan
Десногорск, Смоленская область -> Desnogorsk, Smolensk Oblast
Джанкой, Республика Крым -> Dzhankoy, Republic of Crimea
Дзержинск, Нижегородская область -> Dzerzhinsk, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Дзержинский, Московская область -> Dzerzhinsky, Moscow Oblast
Дивногорск, Красноярский край -> Divnogorsk, Krasnoyarsk Krai
Дигора, Республика Северная Осетия — Алания -> Digora, Republic of North Ossetia-Alania
Димитровград, Ульяновская область -> Dimitrovgrad, Ulyanovsk Oblast
Дмитриев, Курская область -> Dmitriyev, Kursk Oblast
Дмитров, Московская область -> Dmitrov, Moscow Oblast
Дмитровск, Орловская область -> Dmitrovsk, Oryol Oblast
Дно, Псковская область -> Dno, Pskov Oblast
Добрянка, Пермский край -> Dobryanka, Perm Krai
Долгопрудный, Московская область -> Dolgoprudny, Moscow Oblast
Долинск, Сахалинская область -> Dolinsk, Sakhalin Oblast
Домодедово, Московская область -> Domodedovo, Moscow Oblast
Донецк, Ростовская область -> Donetsk, Rostov Oblast
Донской, Тульская область -> Donskoy, Tula Oblast
Дорогобуж, Смоленская область -> Dorogobuzh, Smolensk Oblast
Дрезна, Московская область -> Drezna, Moscow Oblast
Дубна, Московская область -> Dubna, Moscow Oblast
Дубовка, Волгоградская область -> Dubovka, Volgograd Oblast
Дудинка, Красноярский край -> Dudinka, Krasnoyarsk Krai
Духовщина, Смоленская область -> Dukhovshchina, Smolensk Oblast
Дюртюли, Республика Башкортостан -> Dyurtyuli, Republic of Bashkortostan
Дятьково, Брянская область -> Dyatkovo, Bryansk Oblast
Е
Евпатория, Республика Крым -> Yevpatoria, Republic of Crimea
Егорьевск, Московская область -> Yegoryevsk, Moscow Oblast
Ейск, Краснодарский край -> Yeysk, Krasnodar Krai
Екатеринбург, Свердловская область -> Yekaterinburg, Sverdlovsk Oblast
Елабуга, Республика Татарстан -> Yelabuga, Republic of Tatarstan
Елец, Липецкая область -> Yelets, Lipetsk Oblast
Елизово, Камчатский край -> Yelizovo, Kamchatka Krai
Ельня, Смоленская область -> Yelnya, Smolensk Oblast
Еманжелинск, Челябинская область -> Yemanzhelinsk, Chelyabinsk Oblast
Емва, Республика Коми -> Yemva, Komi Republic
Енисейск, Красноярский край -> Yeniseysk, Krasnoyarsk Krai
Ермолино, Калужская область -> Yermolino, Kaluga Oblast
Ершов, Саратовская область -> Yershov, Saratov Oblast
Ессентуки, Ставропольский край -> Yessentuki, Stavropol Krai
Ефремов, Тульская область -> Yefremov, Tula Oblast
Ж
Железноводск, Ставропольский край -> Zheleznovodsk, Stavropol Krai
Железногорск, Красноярский край -> Zheleznogorsk, Krasnoyarsk Krai
Железногорск, Курская область -> Zheleznogorsk, Kursk Oblast
Железногорск-Илимский, Иркутская область -> Zheleznogorsk-Ilimsky, Irkutsk Oblast
Жердевка, Тамбовская область -> Zherdevka, Tambov Oblast
Жигулёвск, Самарская область -> Zhigulyovsk, Samara Oblast
Жиздра, Калужская область -> Zhizdra, Kaluga Oblast
Жирновск, Волгоградская область -> Zhirnovsk, Volgograd Oblast
Жуков, Калужская область -> Zhukov, Kaluga Oblast
Жуковка, Брянская область -> Zhukovka, Bryansk Oblast
Жуковский, Московская область -> Zhukovsky, Moscow Oblast
З
Завитинск, Амурская область -> Zavitinsk, Amur Oblast
Заводоуковск, Тюменская область -> Zavodoukovsk, Tyumen Oblast
Заволжск, Ивановская область -> Zavolzhsk, Ivanovo Oblast
Заволжье, Нижегородская область -> Zavolzhye, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Задонск, Липецкая область -> Zadonsk, Lipetsk Oblast
Заинск, Республика Татарстан -> Zainsk, Republic of Tatarstan
Закаменск, Республика Бурятия -> Zakamensk, Republic of Buryatia
Заозёрный, Красноярский край -> Zaozyorny, Krasnoyarsk Krai
Заозёрск, Мурманская область -> Zaozyorsk, Murmansk Oblast
Западная Двина, Тверская область -> Zapadnaya Dvina, Tver Oblast
Заполярный, Мурманская область -> Zapolyarny, Murmansk Oblast
Зарайск, Московская область -> Zaraysk, Moscow Oblast
Заречный, Пензенская область -> Zarechny, Penza Oblast
Заречный, Свердловская область -> Zarechny, Sverdlovsk Oblast
Заринск, Алтайский край -> Zarinsk, Altai Krai
Звенигово, Республика Марий Эл -> Zvenigovo, Mari El Republic
Звенигород, Московская область -> Zvenigorod, Moscow Oblast
Зверево, Ростовская область -> Zverevo, Rostov Oblast
Зеленогорск, Красноярский край -> Zelenogorsk, Krasnoyarsk Krai
Зеленоградск, Калининградская область -> Zelenogradsk, Kaliningrad Oblast
Зеленодольск, Республика Татарстан -> Zelenodolsk, Republic of Tatarstan
Зеленокумск, Ставропольский край -> Zelenokumsk, Stavropol Krai
Зерноград, Ростовская область -> Zernograd, Rostov Oblast
Зея, Амурская область -> Zeya, Amur Oblast
Зима, Иркутская область -> Zima, Irkutsk Oblast
Златоуст, Челябинская область -> Zlatoust, Chelyabinsk Oblast
Злынка, Брянская область -> Zlynka, Bryansk Oblast
Змеиногорск, Алтайский край -> Zmeinogorsk, Altai Krai
Знаменск, Астраханская область -> Znamensk, Astrakhan Oblast
Зубцов, Тверская область -> Zubtsov, Tver Oblast
Зуевка, Кировская область -> Zuyevka, Kirov Oblast
И,Й
Ивангород, Ленинградская область -> Ivangorod, Leningrad Oblast
Иваново, Ивановская область -> Ivanovo, Ivanovo Oblast
Ивантеевка, Московская область -> Ivanteyevka, Moscow Oblast
Ивдель, Свердловская область -> Ivdel, Sverdlovsk Oblast
Игарка, Красноярский край -> Igarka, Krasnoyarsk Krai
Ижевск, Удмуртская Республика -> Izhevsk, Udmurt Republic
Избербаш, Республика Дагестан -> Izberbash, Republic of Dagestan
Изобильный, Ставропольский край -> Izobilny, Stavropol Krai
Иланский, Красноярский край -> Ilansky, Krasnoyarsk Krai
Инза, Ульяновская область -> Inza, Ulyanovsk Oblast
Инкерман, Севастополь -> Inkerman, Sevastopol (для посольства США — страна Украина)
Иннополис, Республика Татарстан -> Innopolis, Republic of Tatarstan
Инсар, Республика Мордовия -> Insar, Republic of Mordovia
Инта, Республика Коми -> Inta, Komi Republic
Ипатово, Ставропольский край -> Ipatovo, Stavropol Krai
Ирбит, Свердловская область -> Irbit, Sverdlovsk Oblast
Иркутск, Иркутская область -> Irkutsk, Irkutsk Oblast
Исилькуль, Омская область -> Isilkul, Omsk Oblast
Искитим, Новосибирская область -> Iskitim, Novosibirsk Oblast
Истра, Московская область -> Istra, Moscow Oblast
Ишим, Тюменская область -> Ishim, Tyumen Oblast
Ишимбай, Республика Башкортостан -> Ishimbay, Republic of Bashkortostan
Йошкар-Ола, Республика Марий Эл -> Mari El, Mari El Republic
К
Кадников, Вологодская область -> Kadnikov, Vologda Oblast
Казань, Республика Татарстан -> Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan
Калач, Воронежская область -> Kalach, Voronezh Oblast
Калач-на-Дону, Волгоградская область -> Kalach-na-Donu, Volgograd Oblast
Калачинск, Омская область -> Kalachinsk, Omsk Oblast
Калининград, Калининградская область -> Kaliningrad, Kaliningrad Oblast
Калининск, Саратовская область -> Kalininsk, Saratov Oblast
Калтан, Кемеровская область -> Kaltan, Kemerovo Oblast
Калуга, Калужская область -> Kaluga, Kaluga Oblast
Калязин, Тверская область -> Kalyazin, Tver Oblast
Камбарка, Удмуртская Республика -> Kambarka, Udmurt Republic
Каменка, Пензенская область -> Kamenka, Penza Oblast
Каменногорск, Ленинградская область -> Kamennogorsk, Leningrad Oblast
Каменск-Уральский, Свердловская область -> Kamensk-Uralsky, Sverdlovsk Oblast
Каменск-Шахтинский, Ростовская область -> Kamensk-Shakhtinsky, Rostov Oblast
Камень-на-Оби, Алтайский край -> Kamen-na-Obi, Altai Krai
Камешково, Владимирская область -> Kameshkovo, Vladimir Oblast
Камызяк, Астраханская область -> Kamyzyak, Astrakhan Oblast
Камышин, Волгоградская область -> Kamyshin, Volgograd Oblast
Камышлов, Свердловская область -> Kamyshlov, Sverdlovsk Oblast
Канаш, Чувашская Республика -> Kanash, Chuvash Republic
Кандалакша, Мурманская область -> Kandalaksha, Murmansk Oblast
Канск, Красноярский край -> Kansk, Krasnoyarsk Krai
Карабаново, Владимирская область -> Karabanovo, Vladimir Oblast
Карабаш, Челябинская область -> Karabash, Chelyabinsk Oblast
Карабулак, Республика Ингушетия -> Karabulak, Republic of Ingushetia
Карасук, Новосибирская область -> Karasuk, Novosibirsk Oblast
Карачаевск, Карачаево-Черкесская Республика -> Karachayevsk, Karachay-Cherkess Republic
Карачев, Брянская область -> Karachev, Bryansk Oblast
Каргат, Новосибирская область -> Kargat, Novosibirsk Oblast
Каргополь, Архангельская область -> Kargopol, Arkhangelsk Oblast
Карпинск, Свердловская область -> Karpinsk, Sverdlovsk Oblast
Карталы, Челябинская область -> Kartaly, Chelyabinsk Oblast
Касимов, Рязанская область -> Kasimov, Ryazan Oblast
Касли, Челябинская область -> Kasli, Chelyabinsk Oblast
Каспийск, Республика Дагестан -> Kaspiysk, Republic of Dagestan
Катав-Ивановск, Челябинская область -> Katav-Ivanovsk, Chelyabinsk Oblast
Катайск, Курганская область -> Kataysk, Kurgan Oblast
Качканар, Свердловская область -> Kachkanar, Sverdlovsk Oblast
Кашин, Тверская область -> Kashin, Tver Oblast
Кашира, Московская область -> Kashira, Moscow Oblast
Кедровый, Томская область -> Kedrovy, Tomsk Oblast
Кемерово, Кемеровская область -> Kemerovo, Kemerovo Oblast
Кемь, Республика Карелия -> Kem, Republic of Karelia
Керчь, Республика Крым -> Kerch, Republic of Crimea (для посольства США — страна Украина)
Кизел, Пермский край -> Kizel, Perm Krai
Кизилюрт, Республика Дагестан -> Kizilyurt, Republic of Dagestan
Кизляр, Республика Дагестан -> Kizlyar, Republic of Dagestan
Кимовск, Тульская область -> Kimovsk, Tula Oblast
Кимры, Тверская область -> Kimry, Tver Oblast
Кингисепп, Ленинградская область -> Kingisepp, Leningrad Oblast
Кинель, Самарская область -> Kinel, Samara Oblast
Кинешма, Ивановская область -> Kineshma, Ivanovo Oblast
Киреевск, Тульская область -> Kireyevsk, Tula Oblast
Киренск, Иркутская область -> Kirensk, Irkutsk Oblast
Киржач, Владимирская область -> Kirzhach, Vladimir Oblast
Кириллов, Вологодская область -> Kirillov, Vologda Oblast
Кириши, Ленинградская область -> Kirishi, Leningrad Oblast
Киров, Калужская область -> Kirov, Kaluga Oblast
Киров, Кировская область -> Kirov, Kirov Oblast
Кировград, Свердловская область -> Kirovgrad, Sverdlovsk Oblast
Кирово-Чепецк, Кировская область -> Kirovo-Chepetsk, Kirov Oblast
Кировск, Ленинградская область -> Kirovsk, Leningrad Oblast
Кировск, Мурманская область -> Kirovsk, Murmansk Oblast
Кирс, Кировская область -> Kirs, Kirov Oblast
Кирсанов, Тамбовская область -> Kirsanov, Tambov Oblast
Киселёвск, Кемеровская область -> Kiselyovsk, Kemerovo Oblast
Кисловодск, Ставропольский край -> Kislovodsk, Stavropol Krai
Клин, Московская область -> Klin, Moscow Oblast
Клинцы, Брянская область -> Klintsy, Bryansk Oblast
Княгинино, Нижегородская область -> Knyaginino, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Ковдор, Мурманская область -> Kovdor, Murmansk Oblast
Ковров, Владимирская область -> Kovrov, Vladimir Oblast
Ковылкино, Республика Мордовия -> Kovylkino, Republic of Mordovia
Когалым, Ханты-Мансийский автономный округ — Югра -> Kogalym, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug
Кодинск, Красноярский край -> Kodinsk, Krasnoyarsk Krai
Козельск, Калужская область -> Kozelsk, Kaluga Oblast
Козловка, Чувашская Республика -> Kozlovka, Chuvash Republic
Козьмодемьянск, Республика Марий Эл -> Kozmodemyansk, Mari El Republic
Кола, Мурманская область -> Kola, Murmansk Oblast
Кологрив, Костромская область -> Kologriv, Kostroma Oblast
Коломна, Московская область -> Kolomna, Moscow Oblast
Колпашево, Томская область -> Kolpashevo, Tomsk Oblast
Кольчугино, Владимирская область -> Kolchugino, Vladimir Oblast
Коммунар, Ленинградская область -> Kommunar, Leningrad Oblast
Комсомольск, Ивановская область -> Komsomolsk, Ivanovo Oblast
Комсомольск-на-Амуре, Хабаровский край -> Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Khabarovsk Krai
Конаково, Тверская область -> Konakovo, Tver Oblast
Кондопога, Республика Карелия -> Kondopoga, Republic of Karelia
Кондрово, Калужская область -> Kondrovo, Kaluga Oblast
Константиновск, Ростовская область -> Konstantinovsk, Rostov Oblast
Копейск, Челябинская область -> Kopeysk, Chelyabinsk Oblast
Кораблино, Рязанская область -> Korablino, Ryazan Oblast
Кореновск, Краснодарский край -> Korenovsk, Krasnodar Krai
Коркино, Челябинская область -> Korkino, Chelyabinsk Oblast
Королёв, Московская область -> Korolev, Moscow Oblast
Короча, Белгородская область -> Korocha, Belgorod Oblast
Корсаков, Сахалинская область -> Korsakov, Sakhalin Oblast
Коряжма, Архангельская область -> Koryazhma, Arkhangelsk Oblast
Костерёво, Владимирская область -> Kosteryovo, Vladimir Oblast
Костомукша, Республика Карелия -> Kostomuksha, Republic of Karelia
Кострома, Костромская область -> Kostroma, Kostroma Oblast
Котельники, Московская область -> Kotelniki, Moscow Oblast
Котельниково, Волгоградская область -> Kotelnikovo, Volgograd Oblast
Котельнич, Кировская область -> Kotelnich, Kirov Oblast
Котлас, Архангельская область -> Kotlas, Arkhangelsk Oblast
Котово, Волгоградская область -> Kotovo, Volgograd Oblast
Котовск, Тамбовская область -> Kotovsk, Tambov Oblast
Кохма, Ивановская область -> Kokhma, Ivanovo Oblast
Красавино, Вологодская область -> Krasavino, Vologda Oblast
Красноармейск, Московская область -> Krasnoarmeysk, Moscow Oblast
Красноармейск, Саратовская область -> Krasnoarmeysk, Saratov Oblast
Красновишерск, Пермский край -> Krasnovishersk, Perm Krai
Красногорск, Московская область -> Krasnogorsk, Moscow Oblast
Краснодар, Краснодарский край -> Krasnodar, Krasnodar Krai
Краснозаводск, Московская область -> Krasnozavodsk, Moscow Oblast
Краснознаменск, Калининградская область -> Krasnoznamensk, Kaliningrad Oblast
Краснознаменск, Московская область -> Krasnoznamensk, Moscow Oblast
Краснокаменск, Забайкальский край -> Krasnokamensk, Zabaykalsky Krai
Краснокамск, Пермский край -> Krasnokamsk, Perm Krai
Красноперекопск, Республика Крым -> Krasnoperekopsk, Republic of Crimea (для посольства США — страна Украина)
Краснослободск, Волгоградская область -> Krasnoslobodsk, Volgograd Oblast
Краснослободск, Республика Мордовия -> Krasnoslobodsk, Republic of Mordovia
Краснотурьинск, Свердловская область -> Krasnoturyinsk, Sverdlovsk Oblast
Красноуральск, Свердловская область -> Krasnouralsk, Sverdlovsk Oblast
Красноуфимск, Свердловская область -> Krasnoufimsk, Sverdlovsk Oblast
Красноярск, Красноярский край -> Krasnoyarsk, Krasnoyarsk Krai
Красный Кут, Саратовская область -> Krasny Kut, Saratov Oblast
Красный Сулин, Ростовская область -> Krasny Sulin, Rostov Oblast
Красный Холм, Тверская область -> Krasny Kholm, Tver Oblast
Кремёнки, Калужская область -> Kremyonki, Kaluga Oblast
Кропоткин, Краснодарский край -> Kropotkin, Krasnodar Krai
Крым, Республика Крым -> Crimea, Republic of Crimea (для посольства США — страна Украина)
Крымск, Краснодарский край -> Krymsk, Krasnodar Krai
Кстово, Нижегородская область -> Kstovo, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Кубинка, Московская область -> Kubinka, Moscow Oblast
Кувандык, Оренбургская область -> Kuvandyk, Orenburg Oblast
Кувшиново, Тверская область -> Kuvshinovo, Tver Oblast
Кудымкар, Пермский край -> Kudymkar, Perm Krai
Кузнецк, Пензенская область -> Kuznetsk, Penza Oblast
Куйбышев, Новосибирская область -> Kuybyshev, Novosibirsk Oblast
Кулебаки, Нижегородская область -> Kulebaki, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Кумертау, Республика Башкортостан -> Kumertau, Republic of Bashkortostan
Кунгур, Пермский край -> Kungur, Perm Krai
Купино, Новосибирская область -> Kupino, Novosibirsk Oblast
Курган, Курганская область -> Kurgan, Kurgan Oblast
Курганинск, Краснодарский край -> Kurganinsk, Krasnodar Krai
Курильск, Сахалинская область -> Kurilsk, Sakhalin Oblast
Курлово, Владимирская область -> Kurlovo, Vladimir Oblast
Куровское, Московская область -> Kurovskoye, Moscow Oblast
Курск, Курская область -> Kursk, Kursk Oblast
Куртамыш, Курганская область -> Kurtamysh, Kurgan Oblast
Курчатов, Курская область -> Kurchatov, Kursk Oblast
Куса, Челябинская область -> Kusa, Chelyabinsk Oblast
Кушва, Свердловская область -> Kushva, Sverdlovsk Oblast
Кызыл, Республика Тыва -> Kyzyl, Tyva Republic
Кыштым, Челябинская область -> Kyshtym, Chelyabinsk Oblast
Кяхта, Республика Бурятия -> Kyakhta, Republic of Buryatia
Л
Лабинск, Краснодарский край -> Labinsk, Krasnodar Krai
Лабытнанги, Ямало-Ненецкий автономный округ -> Labytnangi, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
Лагань, Республика Калмыкия -> Lagan, Republic of Kalmykia
Ладушкин, Калининградская область -> Ladushkin, Kaliningrad Oblast
Лаишево, Республика Татарстан -> Laishevo, Republic of Tatarstan
Лакинск, Владимирская область -> Lakinsk, Vladimir Oblast
Лангепас, Ханты-Мансийский автономный округ — Югра -> Langepas, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug
Лахденпохья, Республика Карелия -> Lakhdenpokhya, Republic of Karelia
Лебедянь, Липецкая область -> Lebedyan, Lipetsk Oblast
Лениногорск, Республика Татарстан -> Leninogorsk, Republic of Tatarstan
Ленинск, Волгоградская область -> Leninsk, Volgograd Oblast
Ленинск-Кузнецкий, Кемеровская область -> Leninsk-Kuznetsky, Kemerovo Oblast
Ленск, Республика Саха -> Lensk, Sakha Republic
Лермонтов, Ставропольский край -> Lermontov, Stavropol Krai
Лесной, Свердловская область -> Lesnoy, Sverdlovsk Oblast
Лесозаводск, Приморский край -> Lesozavodsk, Primorsky Krai
Лесосибирск, Красноярский край -> Lesosibirsk, Krasnoyarsk Krai
Ливны, Орловская область -> Livny, Oryol Oblast
Липецк, Липецкая область -> Lipetsk, Lipetsk Oblast
Ликино-Дулёво, Московская область -> Likino-Dulyovo, Moscow Oblast
Липки, Тульская область -> Lipki, Tula Oblast
Лиски, Воронежская область -> Liski, Voronezh Oblast
Лихославль, Тверская область -> Likhoslavl, Tver Oblast
Лобня, Московская область -> Lobnya, Moscow Oblast
Лодейное Поле, Ленинградская область -> Lodeynoye Pole, Leningrad Oblast
Лосино-Петровский, Московская область -> Losino-Petrovsky, Moscow Oblast
Луга, Ленинградская область -> Luga, Leningrad Oblast
Луза, Кировская область -> Luza, Kirov Oblast
Лукоянов, Нижегородская область -> Lukoyanov, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Луховицы, Московская область -> Lukhovitsy, Moscow Oblast
Лысково, Нижегородская область -> Lyskovo, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Лысьва, Пермский край -> Lysva, Perm Krai
Лыткарино, Московская область -> Lytkarino, Moscow Oblast
Льгов, Курская область -> Lgov, Kursk Oblast
Любань, Ленинградская область -> Lyuban, Leningrad Oblast
Люберцы, Московская область -> Lyubertsy, Moscow Oblast
Любим, Ярославская область -> Lyubim, Yaroslavl Oblast
Людиново, Калужская область -> Lyudinovo, Kaluga Oblast
Лянтор, Ханты-Мансийский автономный округ — Югра -> Lyantor, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug
М
Магадан, Магаданская область -> Magadan, Magadan Oblast
Магас, Республика Ингушетия -> Magas, Republic of Ingushetia
Магнитогорск, Челябинская область -> Magnitogorsk, Chelyabinsk Oblast
Майкоп, Республика Адыгея -> Maykop, Republic of Adygea
Майский, Кабардино-Балкарская Республика -> Maysky, Kabardino-Balkar Republic
Макаров, Сахалинская область -> Makarov, Sakhalin Oblast
Макарьев, Костромская область -> Makaryev, Kostroma Oblast
Макушино, Курганская область -> Makushino, Kurgan Oblast
Малая Вишера, Новгородская область -> Malaya Vishera, Novgorod Oblast
Малгобек, Республика Ингушетия -> Malgobek, Republic of Ingushetia
Малмыж, Кировская область -> Malmyzh, Kirov Oblast
Малоархангельск, Орловская область -> Maloarkhangelsk, Oryol Oblast
Малоярославец, Калужская область -> Maloyaroslavets, Kaluga Oblast
Мамадыш, Республика Татарстан -> Mamadysh, Republic of Tatarstan
Мамоново, Калининградская область -> Mamonovo, Kaliningrad Oblast
Мантурово, Костромская область -> Manturovo, Kostroma Oblast
Мариинск, Кемеровская область -> Mariinsk, Kemerovo Oblast
Мариинский Посад, Чувашская Республика -> Mariinsky Posad, Chuvash Republic
Маркс, Саратовская область -> Marks, Saratov Oblast
Махачкала, Республика Дагестан -> Makhachkala, Republic of Dagestan
Мглин, Брянская область -> Mglin, Bryansk Oblast
Мегион, Ханты-Мансийский автономный округ -> Megion, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug
Медвежьегорск, Республика Карелия -> Medvezhyegorsk, Republic of Karelia
Медногорск, Оренбургская область -> Mednogorsk, Orenburg Oblast
Медынь, Калужская область -> Medyn, Kaluga Oblast
Межгорье, Республика Башкортостан -> Mezhgorye, Republic of Bashkortostan
Междуреченск, Кемеровская область -> Mezhdurechensk, Kemerovo Oblast
Мезень, Архангельская область -> Mezen, Arkhangelsk Oblast
Меленки, Владимирская область -> Melenki, Vladimir Oblast
Мелеуз, Республика Башкортостан -> Meleuz, Republic of Bashkortostan
Менделеевск, Республика Татарстан -> Mendeleyevsk, Republic of Tatarstan
Мензелинск, Республика Татарстан -> Menzelinsk, Republic of Tatarstan
Мещовск, Калужская область -> Meshchovsk, Kaluga Oblast
Миасс, Челябинская область -> Miass, Chelyabinsk Oblast
Микунь, Республика Коми -> Mikun, Komi Republic
Миллерово, Ростовская область -> Millerovo, Rostov Oblast
Минеральные Воды, Ставропольский край -> Mineralnye Vody, Stavropol Krai
Минусинск, Красноярский край -> Minusinsk, Krasnoyarsk Krai
Миньяр, Челябинская область -> Minyar, Chelyabinsk Oblast
Мирный, Республика Саха -> Mirny, Sakha Republic
Мирный, Архангельская область -> Mirny, Arkhangelsk Oblast
Михайлов, Рязанская область -> Mikhaylov, Ryazan Oblast
Михайловка, Волгоградская область -> Mikhaylovka, Volgograd Oblast
Михайловск, Свердловская область -> Mikhaylovsk, Sverdlovsk Oblast
Михайловск, Ставропольский край -> Mikhaylovsk, Stavropol Krai
Мичуринск, Тамбовская область -> Michurinsk, Tambov Oblast
Могоча, Забайкальский край -> Mogocha, Zabaykalsky Krai
Можайск, Московская область -> Mozhaysk, Moscow Oblast
Можга, Удмуртская Республика -> Mozhga, Udmurt Republic
Моздок, Республика Северная Осетия — Алания -> Mozdok, Republic of North Ossetia-Alania
Мончегорск, Мурманская область -> Monchegorsk, Murmansk Oblast
Морозовск, Ростовская область -> Morozovsk, Rostov Oblast
Моршанск, Тамбовская область -> Morshansk, Tambov Oblast
Мосальск, Калужская область -> Mosalsk, Kaluga Oblast
Москва -> Moscow
Муравленко, Ямало-Ненецкий автономный округ -> Muravlenko, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
Мураши, Кировская область -> Murashi, Kirov Oblast
Мурманск, Мурманская область -> Murmansk, Murmansk Oblast
Муром, Владимирская область -> Murom, Vladimir Oblast
Мценск, Орловская область -> Mtsensk, Oryol Oblast
Мыски, Кемеровская область -> Myski, Kemerovo Oblast
Мытищи, Московская область -> Mytishchi, Moscow Oblast
Мышкин, Ярославская область -> Myshkin, Yaroslavl Oblast
Н
Набережные Челны, Республика Татарстан -> Naberezhnye Chelny, Republic of Tatarstan
Навашино, Нижегородская область -> Navashino, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Наволоки, Ивановская область -> Navoloki, Ivanovo Oblast
Надым, Ямало-Ненецкий автономный округ -> Nadym, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
Назарово, Красноярский край-> Nazarovo, Krasnoyarsk Krai
Назрань, Республика Ингушетия -> Nazran, Republic of Ingushetia
Называевск, Омская область -> Nazyvayevsk, Omsk Oblast
Нальчик, Кабардино-Балкарская Республика -> Nalchik, Kabardino-Balkar Republic
Нариманов, Астраханская область -> Narimanov, Astrakhan Oblast
Наро-Фоминск, Московская область -> Naro-Fominsk, Moscow Oblast
Нарткала, Кабардино-Балкарская Республика -> Nartkala, Kabardino-Balkar Republic
Нарьян-Мар, Ненецкий автономный округ -> Naryan-Mar, Nenets Autonomous Okrug
Находка, Приморский край -> Nakhodka, Primorsky Krai
Невель, Псковская область -> Nevel, Pskov Oblast
Невельск, Сахалинская область -> Nevelsk, Sakhalin Oblast
Невинномысск, Ставропольский край -> Nevinnomyssk, Stavropol Krai
Невьянск, Свердловская область -> Nevyansk, Sverdlovsk Oblast
Нелидово, Тверская область -> Nelidovo, Tver Oblast
Неман, Калининградская область -> Neman, Kaliningrad Oblast
Нерехта, Костромская область -> Nerekhta, Kostroma Oblast
Нерчинск, Забайкальский край -> Nerchinsk, Zabaykalsky Krai
Нерюнгри, Республика Саха -> Neryungri, Sakha Republic
Нестеров, Калининградская область -> Nesterov, Kaliningrad Oblast
Нефтегорск, Самарская область -> Neftegorsk, Samara Oblast
Нефтекамск, Республика Башкортостан -> Neftekamsk, Republic of Bashkortostan
Нефтекумск, Ставропольский край -> Neftekumsk, Stavropol Krai
Нефтеюганск, Ханты-Мансийский автономный округ -> Nefteyugansk, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug
Нея, Костромская область -> Neya, Kostroma Oblast
Нижневартовск, Ханты-Мансийский автономный округ -> Nizhnevartovsk, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug
Нижнекамск, Республика Татарстан -> Nizhnekamsk, Republic of Tatarstan
Нижнеудинск, Иркутская область -> Nizhneudinsk, Irkutsk Oblast
Нижние Серги, Свердловская область -> Nizhniye Sergi, Sverdlovsk Oblast
Нижний Ломов, Пензенская область -> Nizhny Lomov, Penza Oblast
Нижний Новгород, Нижегородская область -> Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Нижний Тагил, Свердловская область -> Nizhny Tagil, Sverdlovsk Oblast
Нижняя Салда, Свердловская область -> Nizhnyaya Salda, Sverdlovsk Oblast
Нижняя Тура, Свердловская область -> Nizhnyaya Tura, Sverdlovsk Oblast
Николаевск, Волгоградская область -> Nikolayevsk, Volgograd Oblast
Николаевск-на-Амуре, Хабаровский край -> Nikolayevsk-on-Amur, Khabarovsk Krai
Никольск, Вологодская область -> Nikolsk, Vologda Oblast
Никольск, Пензенская область -> Nikolsk, Penza Oblast
Никольское, Ленинградская область -> Nikolskoye, Leningrad Oblast
Новая Ладога, Ленинградская область -> Novaya Ladoga, Leningrad Oblast
Новая Ляля, Свердловская область -> Novaya Lyalya, Sverdlovsk Oblast
Новоалександровск, Ставропольский край -> Novoalexandrovsk, Stavropol Krai
Новоалтайск, Алтайский край -> Novoaltaysk, Altai Krai
Новоаннинский, Волгоградская область -> Novoanninsky, Volgograd Oblast
Нововоронеж, Воронежская область -> Novovoronezh, Voronezh Oblast
Новодвинск, Архангельская область -> Novodvinsk, Arkhangelsk Oblast
Новозыбков, Брянская область -> Novozybkov, Bryansk Oblast
Новокубанск, Краснодарский край -> Novokubansk, Krasnodar Krai
Новокузнецк, Кемеровская область -> Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo Oblast
Новокуйбышевск, Самарская область -> Novokuybyshevsk, Samara Oblast
Новомичуринск, Рязанская область -> Novomichurinsk, Ryazan Oblast
Новомосковск, Тульская область -> Novomoskovsk, Tula Oblast
Новопавловск, Ставропольский край -> Novopavlovsk, Stavropol Krai
Новоржев, Псковская область -> Novorzhev, Pskov Oblast
Новороссийск, Краснодарский край -> Novorossiysk, Krasnodar Krai
Новосибирск, Новосибирская область -> Novosibirsk, Novosibirsk Oblast
Новосиль, Орловская область -> Novosil, Oryol Oblast
Новосокольники, Псковская область -> Novosokolniki, Pskov Oblast
Новотроицк, Оренбургская область -> Novotroitsk, Orenburg Oblast
Новоузенск, Саратовская область -> Novouzensk, Saratov Oblast
Новоульяновск, Ульяновская область -> Novoulyanovsk, Ulyanovsk Oblast
Новоуральск, Свердловская область -> Novouralsk, Sverdlovsk Oblast
Новохопёрск, Воронежская область -> Novokhopyorsk, Voronezh Oblast
Новочебоксарск, Чувашская Республика -> Novocheboksarsk, Chuvash Republic
Новочеркасск, Ростовская область -> Novocherkassk, Rostov Oblast
Новошахтинск, Ростовская область -> Novoshakhtinsk, Rostov Oblast
Новый Оскол, Белгородская область -> Novy Oskol, Belgorod Oblast
Новый Уренгой, Ямало-Ненецкий автономный округ -> Novy Urengoy, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
Ногинск, Московская область -> Noginsk, Moscow Oblast
Нолинск, Кировская область -> Nolinsk, Kirov Oblast
Норильск, Красноярский край -> Norilsk, Krasnoyarsk Krai
Ноябрьск, Ямало-Ненецкий автономный округ -> Noyabrsk, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
Нурлат, Республика Татарстан -> Nurlat, Republic of Tatarstan
Нытва, Пермский край -> Nytva, Perm Krai
Нюрба, Республика Саха -> Nyurba, Sakha Republic
Нягань, Ханты-Мансийский автономный округ -> Nyagan, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug
Нязепетровск, Челябинская область -> Nyazepetrovsk, Chelyabinsk Oblast
Няндома, Архангельская область -> Nyandoma, Arkhangelsk Oblast
О
Облучье, Еврейская автономная область -> Obluchye, Jewish Autonomous Oblast
Обнинск, Калужская область -> Obninsk, Kaluga Oblast
Обоянь, Курская область -> Oboyan, Kursk Oblast
Обь, Новосибирская область -> Ob, Novosibirsk Oblast
Одинцово, Московская область -> Odintsovo, Moscow Oblast
Озёрск, Калининградская область -> Ozyorsk, Kaliningrad Oblast
Озёрск, Челябинская область -> Ozyorsk, Chelyabinsk Oblast
Озёры, Московская область -> Ozyory, Moscow Oblast
Октябрьск, Самарская область -> Oktyabrsk, Samara Oblast
Октябрьский, Республика Башкортостан -> Oktyabrsky, Republic of Bashkortostan
Окуловка, Новгородская область -> Okulovka, Novgorod Oblast
Олёкминск, Республика Саха -> Olyokminsk, Sakha Republic
Оленегорск, Мурманская область -> Olenegorsk, Murmansk Oblast
Олонец, Республика Карелия -> Olonets, Republic of Karelia
Омск, Омская область -> Omsk, Omsk Oblast
Омутнинск, Кировская область -> Omutninsk, Kirov Oblast
Онега, Архангельская область -> Onega, Arkhangelsk Oblast
Опочка, Псковская область -> Opochka, Pskov Oblast
Орёл, Орловская область -> Oryol, Oryol Oblast
Оренбург, Оренбургская область -> Orenburg, Orenburg Oblast
Орехово-Зуево, Московская область -> Orekhovo-Zuyevo, Moscow Oblast
Орлов, Кировская область -> Orlov, Kirov Oblast
Орск, Оренбургская область -> Orsk, Orenburg Oblast
Оса, Пермский край -> Osa, Perm Krai
Осинники, Кемеровская область -> Osinniki, Kemerovo Oblast
Осташков, Тверская область -> Ostashkov, Tver Oblast
Остров, Псковская область -> Ostrov, Pskov Oblast
Островной, Мурманская область -> Ostrovnoy, Murmansk Oblast
Острогожск, Воронежская область -> Ostrogozhsk, Voronezh Oblast
Отрадное, Ленинградская область -> Otradnoye, Leningrad Oblast
Отрадный, Самарская область -> Otradny, Samara Oblast
Оха, Сахалинская область -> Okha, Sakhalin Oblast
Оханск, Пермский край -> Okhansk, Perm Krai
Очёр, Пермский край -> Ochyor, Perm Krai
П
Павлово, Нижегородская область -> Pavlovo, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Павловск, Воронежская область -> Pavlovsk, Voronezh Oblast
Павловский Посад, Московская область -> Pavlovsky Posad, Moscow Oblast
Палласовка, Волгоградская область -> Pallasovka, Volgograd Oblast
Партизанск, Приморский край -> Partizansk, Primorsky Krai
Певек, Чукотский автономный округ -> Pevek, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
Пенза, Пензенская область -> Penza, Penza Oblast
Первомайск, Нижегородская область -> Pervomaysk, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Первоуральск, Свердловская область -> Pervouralsk, Sverdlovsk Oblast
Перевоз, Нижегородская область -> Perevoz, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Пересвет, Московская область -> Peresvet, Moscow Oblast
Переславль-Залесский, Ярославская область -> Pereslavl-Zalessky, Yaroslavl Oblast
Пермь, Пермский край -> Perm, Perm Krai
Пестово, Новгородская область -> Pestovo, Novgorod Oblast
Петров Вал, Волгоградская область -> Petrov Val, Volgograd Oblast
Петровск, Саратовская область -> Petrovsk, Saratov Oblast
Петровск-Забайкальский, Забайкальский край -> Petrovsk-Zabaykalsky, Zabaykalsky Krai
Петрозаводск, Республика Карелия -> Petrozavodsk, Republic of Karelia
Петропавловск-Камчатский, Камчатский край -> Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Kamchatka Krai
Петухово, Курганская область -> Petukhovo, Kurgan Oblast
Петушки, Владимирская область -> Petushki, Vladimir Oblast
Печора, Республика Коми -> Pechora, Komi Republic
Печоры, Псковская область -> Pechory, Pskov Oblast
Пикалёво, Ленинградская область -> Pikalyovo, Leningrad Oblast
Пионерский, Калининградская область -> Pionersky, Kaliningrad Oblast
Питкяранта, Республика Карелия -> Pitkyaranta, Republic of Karelia
Плавск, Тульская область -> Plavsk, Tula Oblast
Пласт, Челябинская область -> Plast, Chelyabinsk Oblast
Плёс, Ивановская область -> Plyos, Ivanovo Oblast
Поворино, Воронежская область -> Povorino, Voronezh Oblast
Подольск, Московская область -> Podolsk, Moscow Oblast
Подпорожье, Ленинградская область -> Podporozhye, Leningrad Oblast
Покачи, Ханты-Мансийский автономный округ -> Pokachi, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug
Покров, Владимирская область -> Pokrov, Vladimir Oblast
Покровск, Республика Саха -> Pokrovsk, Sakha Republic
Полевской, Свердловская область -> Polevskoy, Sverdlovsk Oblast
Полесск, Калининградская область -> Polessk, Kaliningrad Oblast
Полысаево, Кемеровская область -> Polysayevo, Kemerovo Oblast
Полярные Зори, Мурманская область -> Polyarnye Zori, Murmansk Oblast
Полярный, Мурманская область -> Polyarny, Murmansk Oblast
Поронайск, Сахалинская область -> Poronaysk, Sakhalin Oblast
Порхов, Псковская область -> Porkhov, Pskov Oblast
Похвистнево, Самарская область -> Pokhvistnevo, Samara Oblast
Почеп, Брянская область -> Pochep, Bryansk Oblast
Починок, Смоленская область -> Pochinok, Pochinkovsky District, Smolensk Oblast
Пошехонье, Ярославская область -> Poshekhonye, Yaroslavl Oblast
Правдинск, Калининградская область -> Pravdinsk, Kaliningrad Oblast
Приволжск, Ивановская область -> Privolzhsk, Ivanovo Oblast
Приморск, Калининградская область -> Primorsk, Kaliningrad Oblast
Приморск, Ленинградская область -> Primorsk, Leningrad Oblast
Приморско-Ахтарск, Краснодарский край -> Primorsko-Akhtarsk, Krasnodar Krai
Приозерск, Ленинградская область -> Priozersk, Leningrad Oblast
Прокопьевск, Кемеровская область -> Prokopyevsk, Kemerovo Oblast
Пролетарск, Ростовская область -> Proletarsk, Rostov Oblast
Протвино, Московская область -> Protvino, Moscow Oblast
Прохладный, Кабардино-Балкарская Республика -> Prokhladny, Kabardino-Balkar Republic
Псков, Псковская область -> Pskov, Pskov Oblast
Пугачёв, Саратовская область -> Pugachyov, Saratov Oblast
Пудож, Республика Карелия -> Pudozh, Republic of Karelia
Пустошка, Псковская область -> Pustoshka, Pskov Oblast
Пучеж, Ивановская область -> Puchezh, Ivanovo Oblast
Пушкино, Московская область -> Pushkino, Moscow Oblast
Пущино, Московская область -> Pushchino, Moscow Oblast
Пыталово, Псковская область -> Pytalovo, Pskov Oblast
Пыть-Ях, Ханты-Мансийский автономный округ -> Pyt-Yakh, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug
Пятигорск, Ставропольский край -> Pyatigorsk, Stavropol Krai
Р
Радужный, Владимирская область -> Raduzhny, Vladimir Oblast
Радужный, Ханты-Мансийский автономный округ -> Raduzhny, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug
Райчихинск, Амурская область -> Raychikhinsk, Amur Oblast
Раменское, Московская область -> Ramenskoye, Moscow Oblast
Рассказово, Тамбовская область -> Rasskazovo, Tambov Oblast
Ревда, Свердловская область -> Revda, Sverdlovsk Oblast
Реж, Свердловская область -> Rezh, Sverdlovsk Oblast
Реутов, Московская область -> Reutov, Moscow Oblast
Ржев, Тверская область -> Rzhev, Tver Oblast
Родники, Ивановская область -> Rodniki, Ivanovo Oblast
Рославль, Смоленская область -> Roslavl, Smolensk Oblast
Россошь, Воронежская область -> Rossosh, Voronezh Oblast
Ростов-на-Дону, Ростовская область -> Rostov-on-Don, Rostov Oblast
Ростов, Ярославская область -> Rostov, Yaroslavl Oblast
Рошаль, Московская область -> Roshal, Moscow Oblast
Ртищево, Саратовская область -> Rtishchevo, Saratov Oblast
Рубцовск, Алтайский край -> Rubtsovsk, Altai Krai
Рудня, Смоленская область -> Rudnya, Smolensk Oblast
Руза, Московская область -> Ruza, Moscow Oblast
Рузаевка, Республика Мордовия -> Ruzayevka, Republic of Mordovia
Рыбинск, Ярославская область -> Rybinsk, Yaroslavl Oblast
Рыбное, Рязанская область -> Rybnoye, Ryazan Oblast
Рыльск, Курская область -> Rylsk, Kursk Oblast
Ряжск, Рязанская область -> Ryazhsk, Ryazan Oblast
Рязань, Рязанская область -> Ryazan, Ryazan Oblast
С
Саки, Республика Крым -> Republic of Crimea
Салават, Республика Башкортостан -> Salavat, Republic of Bashkortostan
Салаир, Кемеровская область -> Salair, Kemerovo Oblast
Салехард, Ямало-Ненецкий автономный округ -> Salekhard, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
Сальск, Ростовская область -> Salsk, Rostov Oblast
Самара, Самарская область -> Samara, Samara Oblast
Санкт-Петербург -> Saint Petersburg
Саранск, Республика Мордовия -> Saransk, Republic of Mordovia
Сарапул, Удмуртская Республика -> Sarapul, Udmurt Republic
Саратов, Саратовская область -> Saratov, Saratov Oblast
Саров, Нижегородская область -> Sarov, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Сасово, Рязанская область -> Sasovo, Ryazan Oblast
Сатка, Челябинская область -> Satka, Chelyabinsk Oblast
Сафоново, Смоленская область -> Safonovo, Smolensk Oblast
Саяногорск, Республика Хакасия -> Sayanogorsk, Republic of Khakassia
Саянск, Иркутская область -> Sayansk, Irkutsk Oblast
Светлогорск, Калининградская область -> Svetlogorsk, Kaliningrad Oblast
Светлоград, Ставропольский край -> Svetlograd, Stavropol Krai
Светлый, Калининградская область -> Svetly, Kaliningrad Oblast
Светогорск, Ленинградская область -> Svetogorsk, Leningrad Oblast
Свирск, Иркутская область -> Svirsk, Irkutsk Oblast
Свободный, Амурская область -> Svobodny, Amur Oblast
Себеж, Псковская область -> Sebezh, Pskov Oblast
Севастополь -> Sevastopol
Северо-Курильск, Сахалинская область -> Severo-Kurilsk, Sakhalin Oblast
Северобайкальск, Республика Бурятия -> Severobaykalsk, Republic of Buryatia
Северодвинск, Архангельская область -> Severodvinsk, Arkhangelsk Oblast
Североморск, Мурманская область -> Severomorsk, Murmansk Oblast
Североуральск, Свердловская область -> Severouralsk, Sverdlovsk Oblast
Северск, Томская область -> Seversk, Tomsk Oblast
Севск, Брянская область -> Sevsk, Bryansk Oblast
Сегежа, Республика Карелия -> Segezha, Republic of Karelia
Сельцо, Брянская область -> Seltso, Bryansk Oblast
Семёнов, Нижегородская область -> Semyonov, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Семикаракорск, Ростовская область -> Semikarakorsk, Rostov Oblast
Семилуки, Воронежская область -> Semiluki, Voronezh Oblast
Сенгилей, Ульяновская область -> Sengiley, Ulyanovsk Oblast
Серафимович, Волгоградская область -> Serafimovich, Volgograd Oblast
Сергач, Нижегородская область -> Sergach, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Сергиев Посад, Московская область -> Sergiyev Posad, Moscow Oblast
Сердобск, Пензенская область -> Serdobsk, Penza Oblast
Серов, Свердловская область -> Serov, Sverdlovsk Oblast
Серпухов, Московская область -> Serpukhov, Moscow Oblast
Сертолово, Ленинградская область -> Sertolovo, Leningrad Oblast
Сибай, Республика Башкортостан -> Sibay, Republic of Bashkortostan
Сим, Челябинская область -> Sim, Chelyabinsk Oblast
Симферополь, Республика Крым -> Simferopol, Republic of Crimea
Сковородино, Амурская область -> Skovorodino, Amur Oblast
Скопин, Рязанская область -> Skopin, Ryazan Oblast
Славгород, Алтайский край -> Slavgorod, Altai Krai
Славск, Калининградская область -> Slavsk, Kaliningrad Oblast
Славянск-на-Кубани, Краснодарский край -> Slavyansk-na-Kubani, Krasnodar Krai
Сланцы, Ленинградская область -> Slantsy, Leningrad Oblast
Слободской, Кировская область -> Slobodskoy, Kirov Oblast
Слюдянка, Иркутская область -> Slyudyanka, Irkutsk Oblast
Смоленск, Смоленская область -> Smolensk, Smolensk Oblast
Снежинск, Челябинская область -> Snezhinsk, Chelyabinsk Oblast
Снежногорск, Мурманская область -> Snezhnogorsk, Murmansk Oblast
Собинка, Владимирская область -> Sobinka, Vladimir Oblast
Советск, Калининградская область -> Sovetsk, Kaliningrad Oblast
Советск, Кировская область -> Sovetsk, Kirov Oblast
Советск, Тульская область -> Sovetsk, Tula Oblast
Советская Гавань, Хабаровский край -> Sovetskaya Gavan, Khabarovsk Krai
Советский, Ханты-Мансийский автономный округ -> Sovetsky, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug
Сокол, Вологодская область -> Sokol, Vologda Oblast
Солигалич, Костромская область -> Soligalich, Kostroma Oblast
Соликамск, Пермский край -> Solikamsk, Perm Krai
Солнечногорск, Московская область -> Solnechnogorsk, Moscow Oblast
Соль-Илецк, Оренбургская область -> Sol-Iletsk, Orenburg Oblast
Сольвычегодск, Архангельская область -> Solvychegodsk, Arkhangelsk Oblast
Сольцы, Новгородская область -> Soltsy, Novgorod Oblast
Сорочинск, Оренбургская область -> Sorochinsk, Orenburg Oblast
Сорск, Республика Хакасия -> Sorsk, Republic of Khakassia
Сортавала, Республика Карелия -> Sortavala, Republic of Karelia
Сосенский, Калужская область -> Sosensky, Kaluga Oblast
Сосновка, Кировская область -> Sosnovka, Kirov Oblast
Сосновоборск, Красноярский край -> Sosnovoborsk, Krasnoyarsk Krai
Сосновый Бор, Ленинградская область -> Sosnovy Bor, Leningrad Oblast
Сосногорск, Республика Коми -> Sosnogorsk, Komi Republic
Сочи, Краснодарский край -> Sochi, Krasnodar Krai
Спас-Деменск, Калужская область -> Spas-Demensk, Kaluga Oblast
Спас-Клепики, Рязанская область -> Spas-Klepiki, Ryazan Oblast
Спасск, Пензенская область -> Spassk, Penza Oblast
Спасск-Дальний, Приморский край -> Spassk-Dalny, Primorsky Krai
Спасск-Рязанский, Рязанская область -> Spassk-Ryazansky, Ryazan Oblast
Среднеколымск, Республика Саха -> Srednekolymsk, Sakha Republic
Среднеуральск, Свердловская область -> Sredneuralsk, Sverdlovsk Oblast
Сретенск, Забайкальский край -> Sretensk, Zabaykalsky Krai
Ставрополь, Ставропольский край -> Stavropol, Stavropol Krai
Старая Купавна, Московская область -> Staraya Kupavna, Moscow Oblast
Старая Русса, Новгородская область -> Staraya Russa, Novgorod Oblast
Старица, Тверская область -> Staritsa, Tver Oblast
Стародуб, Брянская область -> Starodub, Bryansk Oblast
Старый Крым, Республика Крым -> Stary Krym, Republic of Crimea
Старый Оскол, Белгородская область -> Stary Oskol, Belgorod Oblast
Стерлитамак, Республика Башкортостан -> Sterlitamak, Republic of Bashkortostan
Стрежевой, Томская область -> Strezhevoy, Tomsk Oblast
Строитель, Белгородская область -> Stroitel, Belgorod Oblast
Струнино, Владимирская область -> Strunino, Vladimir Oblast
Ступино, Московская область -> Stupino, Moscow Oblast
Суворов, Тульская область -> Suvorov, Tula Oblast
Судак, Республика Крым -> Sudak, Republic of Crimea
Суджа, Курская область -> Sudzha, Kursk Oblast
Судогда, Владимирская область -> Sudogda, Vladimir Oblast
Суздаль, Владимирская область -> Suzdal, Vladimir Oblast
Суоярви, Республика Карелия -> Suoyarvi, Republic of Karelia
Сураж, Брянская область -> Surazh, Bryansk Oblast
Сургут, Ханты-Мансийский автономный округ -> Surgut, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug
Суровикино, Волгоградская область -> Surovikino, Volgograd Oblast
Сурск, Пензенская область -> Sursk, Penza Oblast
Сусуман, Магаданская область -> Susuman, Magadan Oblast
Сухиничи, Калужская область -> Sukhinichi, Kaluga Oblast
Сухой Лог, Свердловская область -> Sukhoy Log, Sverdlovsk Oblast
Сызрань, Самарская область -> Syzran, Samara Oblast
Сыктывкар, Республика Коми -> Syktyvkar, Komi Republic
Сысерть, Свердловская область -> Sysert, Sverdlovsk Oblast
Сычёвка, Смоленская область -> Sychyovka, Smolensk Oblast
Сясьстрой, Ленинградская область -> Syasstroy, Leningrad Oblast
Т
Тавда, Свердловская область -> Tavda, Sverdlovsk Oblast
Таганрог, Ростовская область -> Taganrog, Rostov Oblast
Тайга, Кемеровская область -> Tayga, Kemerovo Oblast
Тайшет, Иркутская область -> Tayshet, Irkutsk Oblast
Талдом, Московская область -> Taldom, Moscow Oblast
Талица, Свердловская область -> Talitsa, Sverdlovsk Oblast
Тамбов, Тамбовская область -> Tambov, Tambov Oblast
Тара, Омская область -> Tara, Omsk Oblast
Тарко-Сале, Ямало-Ненецкий автономный округ -> Tarko-Sale, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
Таруса, Калужская область -> Tarusa, Kaluga Oblast
Татарск, Новосибирская область -> Tatarsk, Novosibirsk Oblast
Таштагол, Кемеровская область -> Tashtagol, Kemerovo Oblast
Тверь, Тверская область -> Tver, Tver Oblast
Теберда, Карачаево-Черкесская Республика -> Teberda, Karachay-Cherkess Republic
Тейково, Ивановская область -> Teykovo, Ivanovo Oblast
Темников, Республика Мордовия -> Temnikov, Republic of Mordovia
Темрюк, Краснодарский край -> Temryuk, Krasnodar Krai
Терек, Кабардино-Балкарская Республика -> Terek, Kabardino-Balkar Republic
Тетюши, Республика Татарстан -> Tetyushi, Republic of Tatarstan
Тимашёвск, Краснодарский край -> Timashyovsk, Krasnodar Krai
Тихвин, Ленинградская область -> Tikhvin, Leningrad Oblast
Тихорецк, Краснодарский край -> Tikhoretsk, Krasnodar Krai
Тобольск, Тюменская область -> Tobolsk, Tyumen Oblast
Тогучин, Новосибирская область -> Toguchin, Novosibirsk Oblast
Тольятти, Самарская область -> Tolyatti, Samara Oblast
Томари, Сахалинская область -> Tomari, Sakhalin Oblast
Томмот, Республика Саха -> Tommot, Sakha Republic
Томск, Томская область -> Tomsk, Tomsk Oblast
Топки, Кемеровская область -> Topki, Kemerovo Oblast
Торжок, Тверская область -> Torzhok, Tver Oblast
Торопец, Тверская область -> Toropets, Tver Oblast
Тосно, Ленинградская область -> Tosno, Leningrad Oblast
Тотьма, Вологодская область -> Totma, Vologda Oblast
Трёхгорный, Челябинская область -> Tryokhgorny, Chelyabinsk Oblast
Троицк, Челябинская область -> Troitsk, Chelyabinsk Oblast
Трубчевск, Брянская область -> Trubchevsk, Bryansk Oblast
Туапсе, Краснодарский край -> Tuapse, Krasnodar Krai
Туймазы, Республика Башкортостан -> Tuymazy, Republic of Bashkortostan
Тула, Тульская область -> Tula, Tula Oblast
Тулун, Иркутская область -> Tulun, Irkutsk Oblast
Туран, Республика Тыва -> Turan, Tuva Republic
Туринск, Свердловская область -> Turinsk, Sverdlovsk Oblast
Тутаев, Ярославская область -> Tutayev, Yaroslavl Oblast
Тында, Амурская область -> Tynda, Amur Oblast
Тырныауз, Кабардино-Балкарская Республика -> Tyrnyauz, Kabardino-Balkar Republic
Тюкалинск, Омская область -> Tyukalinsk, Omsk Oblast
Тюмень, Тюменская область -> Tyumen, Tyumen Oblast
У
Уварово, Тамбовская область -> Uvarovo, Tambov Oblast
Углегорск, Сахалинская область -> Uglegorsk, Sakhalin Oblast
Углич, Ярославская область -> Uglich, Yaroslavl Oblast
Удачный, Республика Саха -> Udachny, Sakha Republic
Удомля, Тверская область -> Udomlya, Tver Oblast
Ужур, Красноярский край -> Uzhur, Krasnoyarsk Krai
Узловая, Тульская область -> Uzlovaya, Tula Oblast
Улан-Удэ, Республика Бурятия -> Ulan-Ude, Republic of Buryatia
Ульяновск, Ульяновская область -> Ulyanovsk, Ulyanovsk Oblast
Унеча, Брянская область -> Unecha, Bryansk Oblast
Урай, Ханты-Мансийский автономный округ -> Uray, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug
Урень, Нижегородская область -> Uren, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Уржум, Кировская область -> Urzhum, Kirov Oblast
Урус-Мартан, Чеченская Республика -> Urus-Martan
Урюпинск, Волгоградская область -> Uryupinsk, Volgograd Oblast
Усинск, Республика Коми -> Usinsk, Komi Republic
Усмань, Липецкая область -> Usman, Lipetsk Oblast
Усолье-Сибирское, Иркутская область -> Usolye-Sibirskoye, Irkutsk Oblast
Усолье, Пермский край -> Usolye, Perm Krai
Уссурийск, Приморский край -> Ussuriysk, Primorsky Krai
Усть-Джегута, Карачаево-Черкесская Республика -> Ust-Dzheguta, Karachay-Cherkess Republic
Усть-Илимск, Иркутская область -> Ust-Ilimsk, Irkutsk Oblast
Усть-Катав, Челябинская область -> Ust-Katav, Chelyabinsk Oblast
Усть-Кут, Иркутская область -> Ust-Kut, Irkutsk Oblast
Усть-Лабинск, Краснодарский край -> Ust-Labinsk, Krasnodar Krai
Устюжна, Вологодская область -> Ustyuzhna, Vologda Oblast
Уфа, Республика Башкортостан -> Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan
Ухта, Республика Коми -> Ukhta, Komi Republic
Учалы, Республика Башкортостан -> Uchaly, Republic of Bashkortostan
Уяр, Красноярский край -> Uyar, Krasnoyarsk Krai
Ф
Фатеж, Курская область -> Fatezh, Kursk Oblast
Феодосия, Республика Крым -> Feodosia, Republic of Crimea
Фокино, Брянская область -> Fokino, Bryansk Oblast
Фокино, Приморский край -> Fokino, Primorsky Krai
Фролово, Волгоградская область -> Frolovo, Volgograd Oblast
Фрязино, Московская область -> Fryazino, Moscow Oblast
Фурманов, Ивановская область -> Furmanov, Ivanovo Oblast
Х,Ц
Хабаровск, Хабаровский край -> Khabarovsk, Khabarovsk Krai
Хадыженск, Краснодарский край -> Khadyzhensk, Krasnodar Krai
Ханты-Мансийск, Ханты-Мансийский автономный округ -> Khanty-Mansiysk, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug
Харабали, Астраханская область -> Kharabali, Astrakhan Oblast
Харовск, Вологодская область -> Kharovsk, Vologda Oblast
Хасавюрт, Республика Дагестан -> Khasavyurt, Republic of Dagestan
Хвалынск, Саратовская область -> Khvalynsk, Saratov Oblast
Хилок, Забайкальский край -> Khilok, Zabaykalsky Krai
Химки, Московская область -> Khimki, Moscow Oblast
Холм, Новгородская область -> Kholm, Novgorod Oblast
Холмск, Сахалинская область -> Kholmsk, Sakhalin Oblast
Хотьково, Московская область -> Khotkovo, Moscow Oblast
Цивильск, Чувашская Республика -> Tsivilsk, Chuvash Republic
Цимлянск, Ростовская область -> Tsimlyansk, Rostov Oblast
Ч
Чадан, Республика Тыва -> Chadan, Tuva Republic
Чайковский, Пермский край -> Chaykovsky, Perm Krai
Чапаевск, Самарская область -> Chapayevsk, Samara Oblast
Чаплыгин, Липецкая область -> Chaplygin, Lipetsk Oblast
Чебаркуль, Челябинская область -> Chebarkul, Chelyabinsk Oblast
Чебоксары, Чувашская Республика -> Cheboksary, Chuvash Republic
Чегем, Кабардино-Балкарская Республика -> Chegem, Kabardino-Balkar Republic
Чекалин, Тульская область -> Chekalin, Tula Oblast
Челябинск, Челябинская область -> Chelyabinsk, Chelyabinsk Oblast
Чердынь, Пермский край -> Cherdyn, Perm Krai
Черемхово, Иркутская область -> Cheremkhovo, Irkutsk Oblast
Черепаново, Новосибирская область -> Cherepanovo, Novosibirsk Oblast
Череповец, Вологодская область -> Cherepovets, Vologda Oblast
Черкесск, Карачаево-Черкесская Республика -> Cherkessk, Karachay-Cherkess Republic
Чёрмоз, Пермский край -> Chyormoz, Perm Krai
Черноголовка, Московская область -> Chernogolovka, Moscow Oblast
Черногорск, Республика Хакасия -> Chernogorsk, Republic of Khakassia
Чернушка, Пермский край -> Chernushka, Perm Krai
Черняховск, Калининградская область -> Chernyakhovsk, Kaliningrad Oblast
Чехов, Московская область -> Chekhov, Moscow Oblast
Чистополь, Республика Татарстан -> Chistopol, Republic of Tatarstan
Чита, Забайкальский край -> Chita, Zabaykalsky Krai
Чкаловск, Нижегородская область -> Chkalovsk, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Чудово, Новгородская область -> Chudovo, Novgorod Oblast
Чулым, Новосибирская область -> Chulym, Novosibirsk Oblast
Чусовой, Пермский край -> Chusovoy, Perm Krai
Чухлома, Костромская область -> Chukhloma, Kostroma Oblast
Ш
Шагонар, Республика Тыва -> Shagonar, Tuva Republic
Шадринск, Курганская область -> Shadrinsk, Kurgan Oblast
Шали, Чеченская Республика -> Shali, Chechen Republic
Шарыпово, Красноярский край -> Sharypovo, Krasnoyarsk Krai
Шарья, Костромская область -> Sharya, Kostroma Oblast
Шатура, Московская область -> Shatura, Moscow Oblast
Шахты, Ростовская область -> Shakhty, Rostov Oblast
Шахунья, Нижегородская область -> Shakhunya, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Шацк, Рязанская область -> Shatsk, Ryazan Oblast
Шебекино, Белгородская область -> Shebekino, Belgorod Oblast
Шелехов, Иркутская область -> Shelekhov, Irkutsk Oblast
Шенкурск, Архангельская область -> Shenkursk, Arkhangelsk Oblast
Шилка, Забайкальский край -> Shilka, Zabaykalsky Krai
Шимановск, Амурская область -> Shimanovsk, Amur Oblast
Шиханы, Саратовская область -> Shikhany, Saratov Oblast
Шлиссельбург, Ленинградская область -> Shlisselburg, Leningrad Oblast
Шумерля, Чувашская Республика -> Shumerlya, Chuvash Republic
Шумиха, Курганская область -> Shumikha, Kurgan Oblast
Шуя, Ивановская область -> Shuya, Ivanovo Oblast
Щ
Щёкино, Тульская область -> Shchyokino, Tula Oblast
Щёлкино, Республика Крым -> Shchelkino, Republic of Crimea
Щёлково, Московская область -> Shchyolkovo, Moscow Oblast
Щигры, Курская область -> Shchigry, Kursk Oblast
Щучье, Курганская область -> Shchuchye, Kurgan Oblast
Э
Электрогорск, Московская область -> Elektrogorsk, Moscow Oblast
Электросталь, Московская область -> Elektrostal, Moscow Oblast
Электроугли, Московская область -> Elektrougli, Moscow Oblast
Элиста, Республика Калмыкия -> Elista, Republic of Kalmykia
Энгельс, Саратовская область -> Engels, Saratov Oblast
Эртиль, Воронежская область -> Ertil, Voronezh Oblast
Ю
Югорск, Ханты-Мансийский автономный округ -> Yugorsk, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug
Южа, Ивановская область -> Yuzha, Ivanovo Oblast
Южно-Сахалинск, Сахалинская область -> Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Sakhalin Oblast
Южно-Сухокумск, Республика Дагестан -> Yuzhno-Sukhokumsk, Republic of Dagestan
Южноуральск, Челябинская область -> Yuzhnouralsk, Chelyabinsk Oblast
Юрга, Кемеровская область -> Yurga, Kemerovo Oblast
Юрьев-Польский, Владимирская область -> Yuryev-Polsky, Vladimir Oblast
Юрьевец, Ивановская область -> Yuryevets, Ivanovo Oblast
Юрюзань, Челябинская область -> Yuryuzan, Chelyabinsk Oblast
Юхнов, Калужская область -> Yukhnov, Kaluga Oblast
Я
Ядрин, Чувашская Республика -> Yadrin, Chuvash Republic
Якутск, Республика Саха -> Yakutsk, Sakha Republic
Ялта, Республика Крым -> Yalta, Republic of Crimea
Ялуторовск, Тюменская область -> Yalutorovsk, Tyumen Oblast
Янаул, Республика Башкортостан -> Yanaul, Republic of Bashkortostan
Яранск, Кировская область -> Yaransk, Kirov Oblast
Яровое, Алтайский край -> Yarovoye, Altai Krai
Ярославль, Ярославская область -> Yaroslavl, Yaroslavl Oblast
Ярцево, Смоленская область -> Yartsevo, Smolensk Oblast
Ясногорск, Тульская область -> Yasnogorsk, Tula Oblast
Ясный, Оренбургская область -> Yasny, Orenburg Oblast
Яхрома, Московская область -> Yakhroma, Moscow Oblast
Область/Край/Республика России на английском языке для визовой анкеты США
Адыгея | Республика Адыгея -> Republic of Adygea
Алтай | Республика Алтай -> Altai Republic
Алтайский край -> Altai Krai
Амурская область -> Amur Oblast
Архангельская область -> Arkhangelsk Oblast
Астраханская область -> Astrakhan Oblast
Башкортостан | Республика Башкортостан -> Republic of Bashkortostan
Белгородская область -> Belgorod Oblast
Брянская область -> Bryansk Oblast
Бурятия | Республика Бурятия -> Republic of Buryatia
Владимирская область -> Vladimir Oblast
Волгоградская область -> Volgograd Oblast
Вологодская область -> Vologda Oblast
Воронежская область -> Voronezh Oblast
Дагестан | Республика Дагестан -> Republic of Dagestan
Еврейская автономная область -> Jewish Autonomous Oblast
Забайкальский край -> Zabaykalsky Krai
Ивановская область -> Ivanovo Oblast
Ингушетия | Республика Ингушетия -> Republic of Ingushetia
Иркутская область -> Irkutsk Oblast
Кабардино-Балкария | Кабардино-Балкарская Республика -> Kabardino-Balkar Republic
Калининградская область -> Kaliningrad Oblast
Калмыкия | Республика Калмыкия -> Republic of Kalmykia
Калужская область -> Kaluga Oblast
Камчатский край -> Kamchatka Krai
Карачаево-Черкесия | Карачаево-Черкесская Республика -> Karachay-Cherkess Republic
Карелия | Республика Карелия -> Republic of Karelia
Кемеровская область -> Kemerovo Oblast
Кировская область -> Kirov Oblast
Коми | Республика Коми -> Komi Republic
Костромская область -> Kostroma Oblast
Краснодарский край -> Krasnodar Krai
Красноярский край -> Krasnoyarsk Krai
Крым | Республика Крым -> Republic of Crimea
Курганская область -> Kurgan Oblast
Курская область -> Kursk Oblast
Ленинградская область -> Leningrad Oblast
Липецкая область -> Lipetsk Oblast
Магаданская область -> Magadan Oblast
Марий Эл | Республика Марий Эл -> Mari El Republic
Мордовия | Республика Мордовия -> Republic of Mordovia
Московская область -> Moscow Oblast
Мурманская область -> Murmansk Oblast
Ненецкий автономный округ -> Nenets Autonomous Okrug
Нижегородская область -> Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Новгородская область -> Novgorod Oblast
Новосибирская область -> Novosibirsk Oblast
Омская область -> Omsk Oblast
Оренбургская область -> Orenburg Oblast
Орловская область -> Oryol Oblast
Пензенская область -> Penza Oblast
Пермский край -> Perm Krai
Приморский край -> Primorsky Krai
Псковская область -> Pskov Oblast
Ростовская область -> Rostov Oblast
Рязанская область -> Ryazan Oblast
Самарская область -> Samara Oblast
Саратовская область -> Saratov Oblast
Саха | Республика Саха (Якутия) -> Sakha Republic (Yakutia)
Сахалинская область -> Sakhalin Oblast
Свердловская область -> Sverdlovsk Oblast
Северная Осетия | Республика Северная Осетия — Алания -> Republic of North Ossetia-Alania
Смоленская область -> Smolensk Oblast
Ставропольский край -> Stavropol Krai
Тамбовская область -> Tambov Oblast
Татарстан | Республика Татарстан -> Republic of Tatarstan
Тверская область -> Tver Oblast
Томская область -> Tomsk Oblast
Тульская область -> Tula Oblast
Тыва | Республика Тыва -> Tyva Republic
Тюменская область -> Tyumen Oblast
Удмуртия | Удмуртская Республика -> Udmurt Republic
Ульяновская область -> Ulyanovsk Oblast
Хабаровский край -> Khabarovsk Krai
Хакасия | Республика Хакасия -> Republic of Khakassia
Ханты-Мансийский автономный округ — Югра -> Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug
Челябинская область -> Chelyabinsk Oblast
Чечня | Чеченская Республика -> Chechen Republic
Чувашия | Чувашская Республика -> Chuvash Republic
Чукотка | Чукотский автономный округ -> Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
Ямало-Ненецкий автономный округ -> Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
Ярославская область -> Yaroslavl Oblast