Как пишется курск по английски

Kursk Курск
City[1]
Kursk street view
Flag Coat of arms
Location of Kursk
Kursk Location of Kursk Kursk Kursk (European Russia) Kursk Kursk (Europe)
Coordinates: 51°43′N 36°11′E / 51.717°N 36.183°ECoordinates: 51°43′N 36°11′E / 51.717°N 36.183°E
Country	Russia
Federal subject	Kursk Oblast[1]
First mentioned	1032[2]
City status since	1779[3]
Government
• Body	Kursk City Assembly (Russian: Курское городское Собрание)
• Head	Alexander Zakurdayev
Area [4]
• Total	188.75 km2 (72.88 sq mi)
Elevation	250 m (820 ft)
Population  (2010 Census)[5]
• Total	415,159
• Estimate  (2018)[6]	448,733 (+8.1%)
• Rank	42nd in 2010
• Density	2,200/km2 (5,700/sq mi)
Administrative status
• Subordinated to	city of oblast significance of Kursk[1]
• Capital of	Kursk Oblast[7][8], Kursky District[1]
Municipal status
• Urban okrug	Kursk Urban Okrug[9]
• Capital of	Kursk Urban Okrug[9], Kursky Municipal District[9]
Time zone	UTC+3 (MSK [10])
Postal code(s)[11]	305000
Dialing code(s)	+7 4712
OKTMO ID	38701000001
City Day	September 25
Website	www.kurskadmin.ru

Kursk (Russian: Курск, IPA: [ˈkursk]) is a city and the administrative center of Kursk Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Kur, Tuskar, and Seym rivers. The area around Kursk was the site of a turning point in the Soviet–German struggle during World War II and the site of the largest tank battle in history. Population: 440,052 (2021 Census);^[12]

Geography[edit]

Urban layout[edit]

Kursk was originally built as a fortress city, on a hill dominating the plain. The settlement was surrounded on three sides by steep cliffs and rivers. From the west, the Kur river, from the south and east, the Tuskar river, and from the north, forest thickets approached it. By 1603, Kursk had become a large military, administrative and economic center of a vast territory in the south of the country. The new fortress was built under the leadership of the governor Ivan Polev and Nelyub Ogaryov. The Kursk fortress was given a particularly important role, since in these places the Crimean Tatars, who made regular raids on Russia, traditionally crossed the Seym river, and their main road, the Muravsky Trail, passed east of the city. In this regard, Kursk, despite not being part of the Belgorod Protection Line,^[13] it became one of the most important fortresses in the southern region. The importance of the Kursk fortress is evident by the fact that in the first half of the 17th century it significantly surpassed other cities in southern Russia in terms of the number of people. In 1616 there were 1600 people in the Kursk garrison.^[14]

By 1782, the buildings of Kursk were located on the heights of two hills and in the valley of the Kur River. On the banks of the river were meadows and pastures. The city streets that laid on the slopes of the hills had steep ascents and descents in many places, so that travel in the city was almost everywhere made uphill. The presence of six ravines that cut through the hill of the Nagornaya part significantly hampered the development of Kursk. Heavy rains sometimes eroded the soil of the hillsides and formed ditches and gullies. The plan of Kursk in 1782 was to be implemented in the conditions of the existing buildings of the city. In the 1880s Kursk was already a significant settlement. It housed 14 churches not including the churches of the Znamensky Monastery. Most of them were stone and built around the time period 1730–1786. By 1782 Kursk was almost entirely built up with wooden houses. Fences and services went out in the direction of the streets, and houses were hidden in the depths of the courtyards. Many streets and lanes were no wider than 2.5 — 3m. The only stone mansion that has survived after the redevelopment to the present time is located at the corner of Pionerov (former Troitskaya) and Gaidar (former Zolotarevskaya) streets. On the eve of Perestroika, there were powerful fortifications and natural obstacles in the center of Kursk. Settlements were located around the city. Cossack and Pushkarnaya were on the slopes of the hills and in the valley of the Kur River, Yamskaya — away from the city, on the plain. At that time, Yamskaya was a small village concentrated around the Vvedenskaya church. The settlements Streletskaya and Kozhevenny were located in the lowlands and were often flooded by the Tuskar river.^[15]

The principle of regularity was applied in the structure of the general layout of Kursk. On the plan of 1782 Kursk is shown as consisting of two parts: city or Nagornaya and Zakurnaya. They are separated from each other by the Kura river valley. Each of these parts is divided into regular rectangular blocks located on both sides of the planned main streets — Bolshaya Moskovskaya (Lenina) and Kherson (Dzerzhinsky). In the city Nagornaya part, 19 streets were planned, and in the Zakurnaya part — 24 streets. At the entrance to the city, at the beginning of both Moskovskaya and Kherson streets, it was planned to arrange the entrance squares. The remains of the former prison were destroyed, and “the moat was buried according to the plan of the city, which was most confirmed in 1782, and a square called“ red ”was made in its place. The construction of small areas was also envisaged for a number of churches throughout the city. The territory of both parts of the city, where it was not limited by rivers and deep ravines, was planned to be surrounded by a ditch and a rampart. The area occupied by the city according to the new plan totaled approximately 3060 thousand square fathoms, which corresponds to 12.24 square kilometers. The main drawback of the project was that it did not take into account the complex relief of the Kursk area. The structure of the plan, correct and orderly on paper, required significant revision, additions and even minor changes. The numerous proposals of the Kursk governors A.A. Prozorovsky, F.N. Nicknames, A.B. Debalmena, A.A. Bekleshov, included in the city planning, made it possible to bring the scheme closer to reality.^[16]

The purpose of the redevelopment was complete accounting and control of residents. For this, the city was divided under the governor Aleksandr Bekleshov into 4 parts, each of which was managed by a private bailiff. The redevelopment of the city was begun by the provincial surveyor Ivan Fedorovich Bashilov, the district surveyor Ivan Shoshin, the provincial architects Vasily Yakovlev, Lavrenty Kalinovsky. Since 1783, decisions on redevelopment issues were made by a commission in the amount of 3 officials, namely the provincial land surveyor, the mayor and the city magistrate’s ratman. The new urban structure — a rectangular quarter with residents of the same income, one estate — greatly facilitated the accounting and control of the inhabitants by the authorities. The center of the city, built up with stone buildings, was to take on a new, «ceremonial» appearance. These requirements were met by the resettlement of residents on the basis of class. The most significant government buildings erected in Kursk by the end of the 18th century. in accordance with the plan, confirmed by Catherine II, these were public places, a prison, a guest house, the main public school, a house of a noble assembly. The building of the bank office, magistrate and post office was located along the red lines of the development of Florovskaya and Moskovskaya streets. The general plan for the development of Kursk was adopted in 1782. It was built according to a regular plan with a clear rectangular grid of streets. It was based on the two main streets Moskovskaya and Khersonskaya (now Lenin and Dzerzhinsky), converging at right angles on Red Square.^[17]

A city hospital, a regimental infirmary, an almshouse, and salt shops were built. The most notable private houses of the late 18th century that have survived to this day are the houses of the landowner Denisiev (corner of Sadovaya and Semyonovskaya) and the official Puzanov (Dzerzhinsky, 70), as well as the «house of the treasurer» (corner of Radishcheva and Marata). The main significance of the general city plan of 1782 is that for about 150 years it remained the only document that determined the development of the city of Kursk. The next master plan appeared only in 1947, after the Second World War.^[18] The number of residential buildings from 1786 to 1836 increased insignificantly, from 1989 houses to 2782 houses. If any building did not correspond to the confirmed plan, it was demolished.

The bulk of government buildings (offices, post office, magistrate, prison, drinking houses, pharmacies, hospital) were built at the end of the 18th century. At the beginning of the 19th century, construction was carried out insignificantly: offices were repaired, a new prison was built, almost half of Kursk’s streets had stone pavements, along which storm sewer grooves were laid. The streets were named Sergievskaya, Tuskarnaya Naberezhnaya, Staraya, Novaya Preobrazhensky, General’s line, Soldier’s, Druzhininskaya, Pastukhovskaya. Zolotarevskaya, Avraamovskaya, and so on.^[19] On July 10, 1808, five settlements (Sloboda) of Kursk (Podyacheskaya, Soldatskaya, Gorodovy Sluzhby, Malyrossiyskaya, Rassylnaya) became part of the city. The settlements surrounding Kursk (Kazatskaya, Pushkarskaya, Yamskaya, Streletskaya) became part of the city only after 1917. The Kozhevennaya Sloboda disappeared from the city plan by the 1940s. The layout of the settlements was as regular as in the provincial center. Urban pasture land was located between the Seim River, on the border of the 3rd district of Kursk and the Big Post Road from Kursk to Oboyan.

History[edit]

Historical population

Year	Pop.	±%
1989	424,239	—
2002	412,442	−2.8%
2010	415,159	+0.7%
2021	440,052	+6.0%

The first written record of Kursk is dated 1032.^[2] It was mentioned as one of Severian towns by Prince Igor in The Tale of Igor’s Campaign:

Saddle, brother, your swift steeds. As to mine, they are ready, saddled ahead, near Kursk; as to my Kurskers, they are famous knights—swaddled under war-horns, nursed under helmets, fed from the point of the lance; to them the trails are familiar, to them the ravines are known, the bows they have are strung tight, the quivers, unclosed, the sabers, sharpened; themselves, like gray wolves, they lope in the field, seeking for themselves honor, and for their prince, glory.^[20]

The seat of a minor principality, Kursk was raided by the Polovtsians in the 12th and 13th centuries. Destroyed by the Mongols under Batu Khan around 1237, the city was rebuilt no later than 1283. Between 1360 and 1508, it was ruled by Grand Duchy of Lithuania . Kursk joined the centralized Russian state in 1508, becoming its southern border province.

However, a century later the city re-emerged in a new place; date of re-considered grounds Kursk 1586 [9]. In 1596 a new fortress was built, in 1616 it was garrisoned by over 1,300 soldiers. At the beginning of the 17th century, Kursk was repeatedly attacked by the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth forces (in 1612, 1616, 1617, and 1634), the Crimean Khanate, and the Nogai horde, but the Kursk fortress was never taken.

Residents of Oryol and other southern Russian cities were resettled in Kursk (by 1678 2,800 had been resettled). The city developed due to its advantageous geographical position on the shortest route from Moscow to the Crimea and from Moscow to Kiev. It was an important center of the corn trade with Ukraine and hosted an important fair, which took place annually under the walls of the monastery of Our Lady of Kursk.

It was successively part of the Kiev Governorate (1708–1727), Belgorod Governorate (1727–1779), and Kursk Viceroyalty (1779–1797). The town status was granted to Kursk in 1779,^[3] and it became the administrative center of Kursk Governorate in 1797.

After a fire in 1781 devastated Kursk, a new plan for the city was developed in which a market center would be placed in the central square, known as the Red Square. In 1768, the Voskresensko-Ilinskaya Church was built (Russian: Воскресенско-Ильинская церковь). In 1778 both the baroque Sergiev Cathedral and Trinity-Sergius Cathedral were completed. The city opened its first school for nobility in 1783. A men’s gymnasium was opened in 1808 and a seminary in 1817. A women’s gymnasium was opened in 1872.^[21]

At the beginning of the 20th century Kursk played a dominant role in the food industry (Kvilitsu AK, one of the largest breweries in Russia, operated in Kursk) and in other industries; in the 1900s, the city had 4 sitoproboynye shops (of which the largest was the Tikhonov works, whose products were exported to Germany, Austria-Hungary, etc.). There were several engineering enterprises operating in Kursk (in 1914 there were seven, including a railroad one). The working conditions in the factories of Kursk were harsh, and workers’ strikes were frequent (for instance, the workers at the sugar mill went on strike in 1901–1903). The Kursk workers also participated in the general political strike during the 1905 Russian Revolution.

On November 26 (December 9 — new style), 1917 the Soviets took power in Kursk. On September 20, 1919, the city was taken over by the troops under the command of General Denikin; however, on November 19, 1919, Kursk was retaken by the Red Army.

The Soviet government valued Kursk for its rich deposits of iron ore and developed it into one of the major railroad hubs in the Russian southwest. In 1932, Yamskaya Sloboda was incorporated into the city. In 1935, Kursk got its first tram system. Sometime in the 1930s, the area of the city of Kursk was divided into Leninsky District (the left bank of the Kura River), Dzerzhinsky District (the right bank of the Kura River) and Kirov District (Yamskaya Sloboda). In 1937 Stalinsky District was formed at the southern outskirts of the city.

During World War II, Kursk was occupied by Germany between November 4, 1941 – February 8, 1943. In July 1943, the Germans launched Operation Citadel in an attempt to recapture Kursk. During the resulting Battle of Kursk, the village of Prokhorovka near Kursk became the center of a major armoured engagement – the Battle of Prokhorovka – between Soviet and German forces, which is widely considered to have been one of the largest tank battles in history. Operation Citadel was the last major German offensive against the Soviet Union.

Rebuilding efforts in the city began in February 1944. The cultural life recovered as well: on 19 February a cinema was reopened and on February 27 — a drama theatre. In 1953 the tram system began operating again. By 1950 the urban economy had been completely restored. On 17 August 1956, Stalinsky District was renamed Promishlenost District, and Dzerzhinsky District was abolished and its territory divided between Promishlenost and Leninsky Districts.

In 2009, for the first time in 90 years at the site of Theotokos of Kursk, the most revered icon in the Russian Orthodox Church, received the name Hodigitria Russian diaspora.

Until 2010, Kursk had the status of historical settlement, but the Russian Ministry of Culture deprived the city of this status on 29 July 2010 in resolution No. 418/339.

On 29 October 2011, for the first time in 30 years, the city opened a new firehouse for the protection of the Central District, with modern equipment. In 2012, Kursk celebrated its 980th anniversary.

Administrative and municipal status[edit]

Kursk is the administrative center of the oblast^[7][8] and, within the framework of administrative divisions, it also serves as the administrative center of Kursky District, even though it is not a part of it.^[1] As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the city of oblast significance of Kursk—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.^[1] As a municipal division, the city of oblast significance of Kursk is incorporated as Kursk Urban Okrug.^[9]

Economy and infrastructure[edit]

In addition to its importance as an administrative hub, Kursk is important as an industrial centre. Activity focuses on iron based industry, the chemical sector and a large food processing industry, reflecting the richness of agriculture in the surrounding «Black Earth» region.

Particularly noteworthy is the so-called Kursk Magnetic Anomaly (Russian: Курская магнитная аномалия), the world’s largest known iron-ore reserve, where the iron content of the ore ranges from 35% up to 60%.

In Kurchatov, some 40 km (25 mi) to the south-west, is the Kursk Nuclear Power Plant, incorporating four RBMK-1000 («High Power Channel-type Reactor») (Russian: Реактор Большой Мощности Канальный) reactors similar to those implicated in the 1986 Chernobyl disaster. The oldest of the Kursk reactors has been operational since 1977, and the newest of them since 1986.

Attractions[edit]

The oldest building in Kursk is the upper church of the Trinity Monastery, a good example of the transition style characteristic of Peter the Great’s early reign. The oldest lay building is the so-called Romodanovsky Chamber, although it was erected in all probability in the mid-18th century, when the Romodanovsky family had ceased to exist.

The city cathedral was built between 1752 and 1778 in the splendid Baroque style and was decorated so sumptuously that many art historians attributed it to Bartolomeo Rastrelli. Although Rastrelli’s authorship is out of the question, the cathedral is indeed the most impressive monument of Elizabethan Baroque not to be commissioned by the imperial family or built in the imperial capital.

The cathedral has two stories, with the lower church consecrated to St. Sergius of Radonezh and the upper one — to the Theotokos of Kazan. The upper church is noted for an intricate icon screen which took sixteen years to complete. The three-story cathedral bell tower derives peculiar interest from the fact that Seraphim of Sarov, whose father took part in construction works, survived an accidental fall from its top floor at the age of seven. The Resurrection Church is also shown where St. Seraphim was baptized.

The monastery cathedral of the Sign (1816–26) is another imposing edifice, rigorously formulated in the purest Neoclassical style, with a cupola measuring 20 meters (66 ft) in diameter and rising 48 meters (157 ft) high. The interior was formerly as rich as colored marbles, gilding, and frescoes could make it. During the Soviet period, the cathedral was desecrated, four lateral domes and twin belltowers over the entrance pulled down. There are plans to restore the church to its former glory.

The modern city is a home for several universities: Kursk State Medical University, State Technical University, Kursk State University (former Pedagogical University) and Agricultural Academy, as well as the private Regional Open Social Institute (ROSI). There are also modern shrines and memorials commemorating the Battle of Kursk, both in the city and in Prokhorovka.

The Command Station Bunker & Museum was built specifically in memorial of the courageous Russian T-34 tank units that fought in the Battle of Kursk, where a T-34 tank is on display. Over 6,000 armored vehicles fought in close range over the open territory near Kursk in 1943.^[22] This battle stopped the German advance into the Kursk Salient, and was a turning point of World War II on the Eastern Front.

Kursk played a role in the Cold War as host to Khalino air base.

Nearby is Tsentralno-Chernozemny Zapovednik, a large section of steppe soil that has never been plowed. It is used for a variety of research purposes.

Education[edit]

• 

• 

  Regional Financial and Economic Institute

• 

  Kursk State Agricultural Academy

• 

Transportation[edit]

Since 1868 there has been a railway connection between Kursk and Moscow.^[23] Kursk is located on a major railway line between Moscow and Kharkov, with trains also linking the city to Voronezh and Kiev. The Kursk Vostochny Airport provides domestic flights. Public transport includes buses, trolleybuses, and trams. Since 2007, the public transport introduced a satellite navigation system. The total length of the road network of the city of Kursk is 595.8 km, of which 496.2 km of roads are paved. Roads of the city have access to federal highway M2 «Crimea», as well as on the highway A144 (Kursk — Voronezh — Saratov) and P199 (border with Ukraine).

Kursk bound intercity bus routes to cities and towns Kursk region and neighboring regions (Belgorod Oblast, Bryansk Oblast, Voronezh Oblast, Oryol Oblast), as well as Moscow, St. Petersburg and cities of Ukraine: Kharkiv and Sumy. Long-distance buses arrive and depart from the bus station «Kursk», located in the North-West part of the city.

On September 5, 2011, in Kursk commissioned automated monitoring system fare.^[24] Implementation of the system in operation is carried out by Kursk Integrated Ticket System was to take place in three stages: At the initial stage is implemented partially open version of the system, in which the sale of tickets and travel control social cards carried in the cabin of public transport conductors with handheld validators, the second stage involves the installation of stationary validators, third — commissioning turnstiles. After completion of the implementation, the automated monitoring system drive will operate in «closed» mode : turnstiles will be installed at the entrance and exit of passengers. As of September 2011 turnstiles installed on 44 buses, 10 trolley buses and trams 5.

• 

  LiAZ-5256 bus

• 

  ZiU-682G trolleybus

• 

  BKM-321 low-floor trolleybus

• 

  Tatra T3SU and Tatra T6B5SU trams

Culture and sports[edit]

Kursk State University is home to the Russian Chamber Orchestra, under the direction of conductor and trumpet soloist Sergey Proskurin. The orchestra performs regularly, tours internationally and has produced multiple CDs.^[25]

Pushkin Theater located in the center of the city. It has permanent company as well as visiting shows.

In 2016, the Russian Women’s Hockey League expanded to Kursk, with new club Dynamo Kursk.

The band Little Tragedies are originally from Kursk.

Media[edit]

Kursk hams since 1935 could receive television broadcasts from Moscow. In 1960, the Committee on Radio and Television was created by the Kursk Oblast Executive Committee. The first transmission of local television aired January 14, 1961.^[26] Main fixed line and cellular operators are active in the city.

Climate[edit]

Honors[edit]

• A minor planet 3073 Kursk discovered by Soviet astronomer Nikolai Chernykh in 1979 is named after the city.^[29]
• The Russian submarine Kursk was named after the city.

Notable people[edit]

• Georgy Sviridov, composer
• Valery Chaplygin, Olympic champion, cyclist
• Alexander Deyneka, painter, sculptor
• Alexander Rutskoy, politician
• Seraphim of Sarov, monk and saint
• The Tolmachevy Twins, singers
• Alexander Povetkin, Olympic champion, boxer
• Alexey Ivanovich Borozdin, musical therapist
• Yevgeny Klevtsov, Olympic medalist, cyclist
• Vyacheslav Klykov, sculptor
• Kazimir Malevich, painter
• Sergei Puskepalis, actor
• Mikhail Shchepkin, actor
• Little Tragedies, music band
• Pavel A. Pevzner, scientist
• Nikolay Karamyshev, racing driver

Twin towns – sister cities[edit]

Kursk is twinned with:^[30]

Former twin towns:

On 8 March 2022, the Polish city of Tczew ended its partnership with Kursk as a response to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.^[31]

References[edit]

Notes[edit]

Sources[edit]

• Губернатор Курской области. Постановление №489 от 6 ноября 2008 г. «Об утверждении реестра административно-территориальных единиц населённых пунктов Курской области», в ред. Постановления №26-пг от 29 января 2013 г. «О внесении изменений и дополнений в Постановление Губернатора Курской области от 06.11.2008 №489 «Об утверждении реестра административно-территориальных единиц населённых пунктов Курской области»». Вступил в силу 6 ноября 2008 г. (Governor of Kursk Oblast. Resolution #489 of November 6, 2008 On the Adoption of the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Units and Inhabited Localities of Kursk Oblast, as amended by the Resolution #26-pg of January 29, 2013 On Amending and Supplementing Resolution #489 of the Governor of Kursk Oblast of November 6, 2008 «On the Adoption of the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Units and Inhabited Localities of Kursk Oblast». Effective as of November 6, 2008.).
• Курская областная Дума. Закон №48-ЗКО от 21 октября 2004 г. «О муниципальных образованиях Курской области», в ред. Закона №65-ЗКО от 23 августа 2011 г. «О внесении изменений и дополнений в Закон Курской области «О границах муниципальных образований Курской области», Закон Курской области «О муниципальных образованиях Курской области»». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: «Курская правда», №214, 30 октября 2004 г. (Kursk Oblast Duma. Law #48-ZKO of October 21, 2004 On the Municipal Formations of Kursk Oblast, as amended by the Law #65-ZKO of August 23, 2011 On Amending and Supplementing the Law of Kursk Oblast «On the Borders of the Municipal Formations of Kursk Oblast», Law of Kursk Oblast «On the Municipal Formations of Kursk Oblast». Effective as of the day of the official publication.).

External links[edit]

• «Kursk (town)» . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 954.
• Official website of Kursk (in Russian)
• Kursk Business Directory kursk.jsprav.ru (in Russian)
• Kursk music events
• Kursk road police

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Часто у переводчиков возникает вопрос, как правильно писать на английском языке названия субъектов Российской Федерации. На наш взгляд самым логичным было посмотреть перевод Конституции Российской Федерации, выложенный на каком-то из заслуживающих доверие сайтах, например, на www.constitution.ru.

Согласно переводу статьи 65 Конституции РФ на английском языке субъекты РФ имеют следующие названия:

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Territories Алтайский край Altai Territory Забайкальский край Trans-Baikal Territory Камчатский край Kamchatka Territory Краснодарский край Krasnodar Territory Красноярский край Krasnoyarsk Territory Пермский край Perm Territory Приморский край Primorye Territory Ставропольский край Stavropol Territory Хабаровский край Khabarovsk Territory

Амурская область Amur Region Архангельская область Arkhangelsk Region Астраханская область Astrakhan Region Белгородская область Belgorod Region Брянская область Bryansk Region Владимирская область Vladimir Region Волгоградская область Volgograd Region Вологодская область Vologda Region Воронежская область Voronezh Region Ивановская область Ivanovo Region Иркутская область Irkutsk Region Калининградская область Kaliningrad Region Калужская область Kaluga Region Кемеровская область Kemerovo Region Кировская область Kirov Region Костромская область Kostroma Region Курганская область Kurgan Region Курская область Kursk Region Ленинградская область Leningrad Region Липецкая область Lipetsk Region Магаданская область Magadan Region Московская область Moscow Region Мурманская область Murmansk Region Нижегородская область Nizhny Novgorod Region Новгородская область Novgorod Region Новосибирская область Novosibirsk Region Омская область Omsk Region Оренбургская область Orenburg Region Орловская область Orel Region Пензенская область Penza Region Псковская область Pskov Region Ростовская область Rostov Region Рязанская область Ryazan Region Самарская область Samara Region Саратовская область Saratov Region Сахалинская область Sakhalin Region Свердловская область Sverdlovsk Region Смоленская область Smolensk Region Тамбовская область Tambov Region Тверская область Tver Region Томская область Tomsk Region Тульская область Tula Region Тюменская область Tyumen Region Ульяновская область Ulyanovsk Region Челябинская область Chelyabinsk Region Ярославская область Yaroslavl Region

Города федерального значения

Cities o f Federal Importance

Москва Moscow Санкт-Петербург St. Petersburg Севастополь Sevastopol

Autonomous Region s

Еврейская автономная область Jewish Autonomous Region

Ненецкий автономный округ Nenets Autonomous Area Ханты-Мансийский автономный округ – Югра Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area – Yugra Чукотский автономный округ Chukotka Autonomous Area Ямало-Ненецкий автономный округ Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Area

Мы в своей работе используем именно этот вариант.

Справедливости ради следует отметить, что перевод Конституции РФ, размещенный на сайте www.kremlin.ru, несколько отличается. Перевод названий субъектов в статье 65 полностью соответствует приведенной таблице, но вот в переводе статьи 66 мы видим следующую картину: «The status of a kray, oblast, city of federal significance, autonomous oblast, autonomous okrug shall be determined by the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the charter of the kray, oblast, city of federal significance, autonomous oblast and autonomous okrug which is adopted by the legislative (representative) body of the corresponding constituent entity of the Russian Federation.» – т.е. «Territory» превращается в «Kray», «Region» в «Oblast», «City of Federal Importance» в «City of Federal Significance», «Autonomous Region» в «Autonomous Oblast», а «Autonomous Area» в «Autonomous Okrug». Все, что можно было перевести по-другому, было переведено по-другому.

Но это, скорее всего, временное явление и в ближайшем будущем размещенный текст будет заменен, дабы устранить разночтение.

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Тема Курск на английском языке: достопримечательности, рассказ о городе

Курск – один из старейших городов России. Поэтому свое повествование о нем можно начать с первых известных страниц его истории.

Officially, the story of the place of Kursk began in 1094. But the first written mention about this settlement, dated 1032, was detected in the work “The Life of Theodosius of Pechory”. Официально, история города Курска началась в 1094 году. Но первое письменное упоминание об этом населенном пункте, датируемое 1032 годом, обнаружено в произведении “Житие Феодосия Печёрского”.

Далее важно дать сведения об удачном географическом расположении Курска, а также о его территориальной площади, административном устройстве и количестве жителей.

Kursk is located on the district of the flow of the three rivers, Tuskari, Seimas and Kura. The Kursk consists of three districts: Central, Railway, Seim. The area of the Kursk is 190,75 square. It is home to about 500000 habitants. Город Курск расположен на месте протекания трех рек Тускари, Сеймы и Куры. Административно Курск состоит из трех районов: Центрального, Железнодорожного, Сеймского. Площадь Курска составляет 190,75 км². Проживает здесь почти 500000 человек.

Также всегда привлекают внимание достопримечательности расположенные на территории Курска. Их в городе и его окрестностях много, но здесь представлены только два памятника.

On the street of Pioneers there is House of merchant Khloponin. The construction appeared in the 18th century. From the early 90’s it is a Regional museum of archeology. Great interest is the cathedral of the St. Sergiyev-Kazan (Gorky street). The grand building was erected in the period 26 years (from 1752 to 1778). The religious object was built in the Elizabethan baroque style. На улице Пионеров находится особняк купца Хлопонина.

Данное сооружение появилось в 18 столетии. С начала 90-х годов в нем размещается Областной музей археологии. Большой интерес вызывает Сергиево-Казанский собор (ул. Горького). Грандиозную конструкцию возводили в течение 26 лет (с 1752 по 1778 год). Построен храм в стиле барокко елизаветинской эпохи.

Здесь можно добавить общие сведения о городе.

Kursk is administrative center of Kursk Region. This city is a big cultural, scientific, industrial center of Russia with a well-developed infrastructure. Курск – административный центр Курского региона. Также это большой культурный, промышленный и научный центр Федерации с отлично развитой инфраструктурой.

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Kursk city, Russia

Kursk is a city in Russia, the administrative center of Kursk Oblast, located about 525 km south of Moscow, in the west of the European part of the country. This city is one of the cultural and religious centers of Russia.

Kursk city flag

Kursk city coat of arms

Kursk city map, Russia

Kursk city latest news and posts from our blog:

History of Kursk

The first settlements on the territory of Kursk

About 20 thousand years ago, when a significant part of Europe was covered by the glacier, people already lived on the territory of present-day Kursk. They lived in dugouts and hunted mammoths. In the Neolithic era, about 12 thousand years ago, when the ice receded, the climate of the Kursk region changed and people began to settle more actively by the rivers. The settlements of ancient people of this era were found in some local villages and in Kursk itself.

In the Bronze Age, about 6 thousand years ago, people also began to engage in cattle breeding and agriculture. Bronze Age burials discovered in the center of Kursk date back to the 2nd millennium BC. In the early Iron Age, iron smelting began based on numerous deposits of iron ore.

From the 7th to the 5th centuries BC, fortified settlements appeared in the region. At that time, the first fortress was built at the mouth of the Tuskar and Kur rivers. It is possible that even 2,500 years ago this settlement had a name similar to the current one (Kursk). However, the first fortress did not last long; the population left it in connection with the Sarmatian invasion.

In the first half of the 1st millennium AD, tribes of the Chernyakhov culture lived in the northern part and in the west of the Kursk region. Later, the Huns led the Chernyakhov culture to decline, but did not destroy it. On the territory of the Kursk region, settlements of this culture lasted until the 5th-6th centuries AD.

Foundation of Kursk

The official year of foundation of Kursk is 1032. It is mentioned in the chronicle “The Life of Theodosius of the Caves” written by Nestor the Chronicler in the 11th century. According to the results of archaeological excavations, it can be assumed that the Kursk fortress was founded in 982-984 and was located on the territory of present Krasnaya Square of Kursk. Since the end of the 11th century, it was one of the most powerful outposts on the border of Kievan Rus.

In 1238, the town was completely destroyed during the Mongol invasion. In the 1360s, the Lithuanian ruler Algirdas conquered the Kursk lands from the Mongols. After that, for almost 150 years, Kursk was part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

Until the middle of the 15th century, Kursk was not mentioned in Russian chronicles. In 1508, it became part of the Russian state. Moscow princes began the restoration of Kursk as a fortified town. The threat from the Crimean Tatars slowed down the recovery process.

Almost a century after the accession of Kursk to the Moscow Principality, the town re-emerged in a new place (on two hills on the right bank of the Tuskar River, at the confluence with the Kur River). The date of the re-founding of Kursk is considered to be 1586. In 1596, a new fortress was constructed. In 1616, there were over 1.3 thousand people in the garrison of this fortress.

Kursk in the 17th-19th centuries

At the beginning of the 17th century, Polish-Lithuanian detachments (in 1612, 1616, 1617, 1634), Crimean Tatars, Nogais repeatedly attacked Kursk, but the fortress was never captured. In 1654, after the Khmelnytsky Uprising, the Russian border moved away from Kursk.

People from Oryol and other southern Russian towns were resettled to Kursk. In 1678, there were 2.8 thousand residents in the town. It developed because of its favorable geographical position (the shortest route from Moscow to Crimea, the road to Kiev). In the 17th century, not far from Kursk, the Korennaya Fair was opened, which quickly became one of the largest fairs in Russia. The role of Kursk in the country’s economy was continuously growing.

In 1779, the town received the status of a provincial center. In 1780, the emblem of Kursk was adopted, which depicted three flying partridges. After the great fire that devastated Kursk in 1781, a new master plan of the town was adopted. In 1785, there were 7,590 residents in Kursk. In 1797, the Kursk Governorate was formed. In the 18th century, Kursk became a major trading center and lost its borderline significance.

At the beginning of the 19th century, Kursk continued to develop not only as a commercial, but also an industrial center. The Moscow-Kursk railway was opened in 1868. By the end of the 19th century, about 40 thousand people lived in Kursk. The city became an important center of the food industry (flour and sugar production).

Kursk in the 20th century and beyond

In 1903, the Kursk Museum of Local Lore was opened. In the digest “The Cities of Russia in 1904”, it was said that 29,845 men and 26,743 women lived in Kursk. Of the 4,529 buildings, 967 were stone, 2,677 were wooden, 885 were mixed (stone and wood together). 1,392 workers were employed in 82 local factories.

In 1998, in honor of the 55th anniversary of the Battle of Kursk, the eponymous memorial complex was opened. On August 12, 2000, during the military exercise in the Barents Sea, the nuclear submarine “Kursk” sank. Eighteen crew members of this submarine were buried in Kursk. In 2007, Kursk was awarded the honorary title “The City of Military Glory”.

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Как правильно перевести адрес на английский

Перевести адрес — простая задача? В принципе, да, не очень сложная. Но как только берешься за дело, оказывается, что некоторые адреса грамотно перевести не так уж и легко:

Отсутствие «четких правил игры» и противоречия в имеющихся подходах усложняют задачу переводчику еще больше, поэтому адреса переводят как получится. Давайте попробуем все разложить по полочкам.

Как было раньше?

В советское время был распространен подход «адаптации под язык перевода», то есть, переводчики просто переводили адреса, «подгоняя» их под иностранную культуру. Можно было встретить Palace Street вместо Дворцовой улицы, Green Prospect вместо Зеленого проспекта и так далее. Так до сих пор делают многие. Но практического смысла в этом мало. Представьте иностранца-туриста, который пытается найти Дворцовую улицу и спрашивает у прохожих, где находится Palace Street. Прохожие его просто не поймут. А вот если бы адрес был транслитерирован — Dvortsovaya ulitsa — прохожие бы, скорее всего, поняли, о чем идет речь. В письмах эта проблема стоит не так остро, потому что есть индекс. Но переведенный, а не транслитерированный адрес все равно менее понятен почтальонам. переводчик-редактор Ксения Плотникова

Как делаем мы

Мы предпочитаем следовать международной практике, а именно — использовать транслитерацию. Вот наши внутренние правила по переводу адресов:

Теперь попробуем разобраться, как поступать с каждым элементом адреса по отдельности.

Начнем с порядка. Как правильно?

Здесь все просто и сложно сразу. Почти в каждом регионе мира есть свои требования к порядку элементов в адресе. Вместо единого стандарта есть много локальных рекомендаций – то есть, рассуждать, как правильно, смысла мало. А если посмотреть, как вопрос решают другие страны, можно заметить, что адреса чаще стараются оставить «как есть». И понятно, почему: если исходить из того, что адрес все равно предназначен либо для почтальона, либо для посетителей, логично по максимуму приблизить перевод к исходнику.

В общем и целом, наш подход такой:

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На основании Вашего запроса эти примеры могут содержать грубую лексику.

На основании Вашего запроса эти примеры могут содержать разговорную лексику.

Перевод «Курск» на английский

После нескольких месяцев неустроенной жизни он вынужден вернуться в Курск.

After several months of unsettled life he had to return to Kursk.

Первый год его правления был омрачен катастрофой подлодки «Курск».

The first year of his presidency was rocked by the Kursk submarine disaster.

«Курск» лежал на глубине 108 метров.

«Kursk» was lying at a depth of 108 meters.

Таким же образом подводной лодке Курск оторвали всю переднюю часть корпуса.

In the same way the whole front of the body of submarine Kursk was blown off.

Курск — город не очень большой, но впечатляющий.

Kursk is a city that is not very big, but impressive.

Антоновка является яблоком, символизирующее город Курск.

It is this sort of apples that symbolizes the city of Kursk.

Город Курск имеет несколько городов побратимов.

The city of Kursk has several twin cities.

После кораблекрушения российской подводной лодки «Курск» в системе международного поиска произошли существенные изменения.

After the wreck of the Russian Kursk submarine, there were significant changes made in the international search system.

Монумент удалось отреставрировать благодаря стараниям польского общества «Курск».

The monument has been restored thanks to the efforts of the Polish society «Kursk«.

До 14 века в русских летописях Курск практически не упоминается.

Until the 14th century, Kursk was not almost mentioned in Russian chronicles.

Металлоинвест является генеральным партнёром женского баскетбольного клуба «Динамо Курск».

Metalloinvest is the general partner of Dinamo Kursk, the women’s basketball club.

В центре этого выступа — Курск.

At the Centre of this bump was Kursk.

Курск — административный центр Курской области, крупный транспортный узел.

Kursk is the administrative center of Kursk region, a major transport hub.

Мы посетили Курск, потом поехали поклониться святыням Почаева.

We visited Kursk, then we went to venerate the holy relics of Pochaev.

В 1998 и 1999 году «Курск» ни разу не проводил торпедных стрельб в море.

In 1998 and 1999, the Kursk never conducted torpedo firing at sea.

Данная версия выглядит вполне убедительно, такие торпеды и до катастрофы с лодкой «Курск» считались небезопасными, имелась статистика происшествий с их участием.

This version looks quite convincing, such torpedoes until the disaster with the submarine «Kursk» was considered unsafe, there were statistics of accidents with their participation.

«Курск» — это была их самая новая и самая великолепная субмарина.

Kursk was their latest and greatest submarine.

А спустя несколько недель мир стал свидетелем разыгравшейся трагедии с атомной субмариной «Курск«, унесшей жизни 118 подводников.

A few weeks later, the world witnessed the tragedy with the Kursk nuclear submarine, which killed 118 submariners.

Через 6 дней Курск должен пасть.

Within six days Kursk must fall.

Университеты подготовили и направили в Курск очень сильные команды, соревновались как мужские, так и женские команды.

The universities had trained and sent to Kursk very strong teams, both men’s and women’s teams participated in the competitions.

Ничего не найдено для этого значения.

Результатов: 642. Точных совпадений: 642. Затраченное время: 59 мс

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Справка и о нас

Индекс слова: 1-300, 301-600, 601-900

Индекс выражения: 1-400, 401-800, 801-1200

Индекс фразы: 1-400, 401-800, 801-1200

Русско-английский словарь

Перевод «Курск» на английский язык: «Kursk»

Этот город не Курск… и даже не Киев, и не Минск.	This city is not Kursk… nor is it Kiev, nor Minsk. источник пожаловаться Corpus name: OpenSubtitles2018. License: not specified. References: http://opus.nlpl.eu/OpenSubtitles2018.php, http://stp.lingfil.uu.se/~joerg/paper/opensubs2016.pdf
Отныне путь к освобождению Европы… должен проходить не только через Курск и Днепр,	Henceforth, the road to a liberated Europe must lie not only through Kursk and across the Dnieper, источник пожаловаться Corpus name: OpenSubtitles2018. License: not specified. References: http://opus.nlpl.eu/OpenSubtitles2018.php, http://stp.lingfil.uu.se/~joerg/paper/opensubs2016.pdf

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Примеры из текстов

Кафедра хирургических болезней №2, Курского государственного медицинского университета, Курск, Россия

Chair of Surgical Diseases No.2, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia

© Copyright 1998-2010 Russian society of Angiogitst & Vascular surgeons

© Copyright 1998-2010 Russian society of Angiogitst & Vascular surgeons

Сами названия «Москва», «Сталинград», «Курск», «Белоруссия» и «Берлин» прочно ассоциируются с грандиозными победами советских войск.

The very names «Moscow,» «Stalingrad,» «Kursk,» «Belorussia,» and «Berlin» evoke images of grandiose Soviet victories.

Гланц, Дэвид / Крупнейшее поражение Жукова. Катастрофа Красной армии в операции «Марс» 1942 г.Glantz, David M. / Zhukov’s Greatest Defeat: The Red Army’s Epic Disaster in Operation Mars, 1942

Zhukov’s Greatest Defeat: The Red Army’s Epic Disaster in Operation Mars, 1942

Glantz, David M.

© 1999 by the University Press of Kansas

Крупнейшее поражение Жукова. Катастрофа Красной армии в операции «Марс» 1942 г.

Гланц, Дэвид

© ООО «Издательство Астрель», 2005

© 1999 by the University Press of Kansas

– Ты в Курск их ловить ходишь?

‘Do you go to Kursk to catch them?’

Тургенев, И.С. / Записки охотника т.1Turgenev, I.S. / A Sportsman’s Sketches v.1

A Sportsman’s Sketches v.1

Turgenev, I.S.

Записки охотника т.1

Тургенев, И.С.

© Издательство «Художественная литература», 1975

– Хожу я и в Курск и подале хожу, как случится.

‘Yes, I go to Kursk, and farther too, at times.

Тургенев, И.С. / Записки охотника т.1Turgenev, I.S. / A Sportsman’s Sketches v.1

A Sportsman’s Sketches v.1

Turgenev, I.S.

Записки охотника т.1

Тургенев, И.С.

© Издательство «Художественная литература», 1975

– Собака, а не человек: такой собаки до самого Курска не найдешь.

‘He’s not a man; he’s a dog; you couldn’t find another brute like him between here and Kursk.’

Тургенев, И.С. / Записки охотника т.1Turgenev, I.S. / A Sportsman’s Sketches v.1

A Sportsman’s Sketches v.1

Turgenev, I.S.

Записки охотника т.1

Тургенев, И.С.

© Издательство «Художественная литература», 1975

А то за Курском пойдут степи, этакие степные места, вот удивленье, вот удовольствие человеку, вот раздолье-то, вот Божия-то благодать!

And beyond Kursk come the steppes, that steppes-country: ah, what a marvel, what a delight for man! what freedom, what a blessing of God!

Тургенев, И.С. / Записки охотника т.1Turgenev, I.S. / A Sportsman’s Sketches v.1

A Sportsman’s Sketches v.1

Turgenev, I.S.

Записки охотника т.1

Тургенев, И.С.

© Издательство «Художественная литература», 1975

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