Как пишется лукойл по английски

PJSC Lukoil

Lukoil’s headquarters in Moscow
Native name	ПAO «Лукойл»
Type	Public (ПAO)
Traded as	MCX: LKOH
Industry	Oil and gas
Predecessor	Langepasneftegaz Urayneftegaz Kogalymneftegaz
Founded	25 November 1991; 31 years ago
Founder	Vagit Alekperov
Headquarters	Moscow , Russia
Number of locations	5,867 (2014)
Area served	Europe, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Iraq, Egypt, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, United States, Mexico
Key people	Vagit Alekperov (president and CEO) Leonid Fedun (vice-president)
Products	Petroleum Natural gas Petrochemicals
Revenue	$128 billion[1] (2021)
Operating income	$13.3 billion[1] (2021)
Net income	$10.5 billion[1] (2021)
Total assets	$93.2 billion[1] (2021)
Total equity	$61.4 billion[1] (2021)
Number of employees	101,000 (2019)
Subsidiaries	see Subsidiaries
Website	lukoil.com

The PJSC Lukoil Oil Company (Russian: Лукойл, tr. Lukoyl, IPA: [ˈluːkɔɪl] stylized as LUKOIL or ЛУКОЙЛ in Cyrillic script) is a Russian multinational energy corporation headquartered in Moscow, specializing in the business of extraction, production, transport, and sale of petroleum, natural gas, petroleum products, and electricity. It was formed in 1991 when three state-run, western Siberian companies named after the respective town in Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug that each was based in, Langepasneftegaz, Urayneftegaz, and Kogalymneftegaz, merged. Its name is the combination of the acronym LUK (initials of the oil-producing cities of Langepas, Uray, Kogalym) and the English word «oil».^[2][3]

Lukoil is the second largest company in Russia after Gazprom, and the country’s largest non-state enterprise in terms of revenue, with ₽4,744 billion in 2018.^[4][5] In the 2020 Forbes Global 2000, Lukoil was ranked as the 99th-largest public company in the world. Internationally, it is one of the largest global producers of crude oil. In 2019, the company produced 87.488 million metric tons of oil (1.639 million barrels per day) and 35.046 billion cubic meters of natural gas.^{[6][failed verification]} As of 2021, the company had operations and subsidiaries in more than 30 countries around the world.^{[7][needs update]}

History[edit]

Origins[edit]

«Langepas, Uray, and Kogalym» oil (Lukoil) was established by the USSR Council of Ministers Decree No. 18 on November 25, 1991, as a state-owned enterprise. In the new company, three oil production companies, Langepasneftegaz, Uraineftegaz, and Kogalymneftegaz, processing company Permnefteorgsintez, and the Volgograd and Novosibirsk refineries, were merged (the latter soon came under the control of the authorities of Bashkortostan).^[8]

The central figure in the company’s founding was the Soviet deputy minister of oil production Vagit Alekperov.^[8] He came to believe the only way Russians could compete against western companies was to copy their business model. That meant vertically integrating the three branches of the industry—exploration, refining, and distribution—that were strictly separate under the old Soviet system.^[9]

On April 5, 1993, Lukoil transformed itself from a state-owned enterprise to a private open joint-stock company based on Presidential Decree No. 1403 of November 17, 1992.

1990s[edit]

In 1994, Lukoil became the first company to begin offering shares of stock on the new Russian Trading System.^[8]

In 1995, Lukoil controlled the stakes of nine oil-producing, marketing and service enterprises in Western Siberia, the Urals, and Volgograd Oblast in order to abide by Government Decree No. 861 of September 1, 1995.^[10] In the same year, a 5% stake of Lukoil was sold by the state with a minimum excess of the starting price in an auction.^[11] In November 1995, Lukoil filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission to issue American depositary receipts on Western stock markets. This allowed United States investors for the first time, to be able to buy shares in a Russian company.^[12]

In 1997, Lukoil signed a contract with the Iraqi Ministry of Oil for the development and production of the second stage of the West Qurna-2 oil field. After Saddam Hussein’s regime was overthrown, the project was suspended and later terminated.^[13]

In 1999, Lukoil acquired numerous enterprises such as the Odessa Oil Refinery in Ukraine, the Burgas Oil Refinery in Bulgaria, and KomiTEK.^[10]

2000s[edit]

In 2000, Lukoil acquired the distribution and marketing operations of American oil company Getty Oil. This resulted in the control of a network of gas stations in the United States as well as the first time Lukoil enters the American oil market.^[10]

In September 2004, ConocoPhillips purchased a 7.6% stake in Lukoil for about $2 billion. According to some commentators, the sale of this deal was planned before in a personal meeting between Russian President Vladimir Putin and ConocoPhillips’ president and CEO, James Mulva. After the auction, Lukoil and ConocoPhillips announced the creation of a strategic alliance. Later, the American company increased its stake to 20% in Lukoil and sold to the Russian company part of its network of gas stations in the United States and Western Europe. The two oil companies also agreed to jointly develop an oil and gas field in the northern Timan-Pechora area of Russia (Komi Republic) and intended to secure the rights to develop the West Qurna Field in Iraq, one of the country’s largest.^[14][15]

Uzbekistan’s deputy prime minister Ergash Shaismatov announced on 30 August 2006 that the Uzbek government and an international consortium consisting of state-run Uzbekneftegaz, Lukoil Overseas, Petronas, Korea National Oil Corporation, and China National Petroleum Corporation signed a production sharing agreement to explore and develop oil and gas fields in the Aral Sea, stating «The Aral Sea is largely unknown, but it holds a lot of promise in terms of finding oil and gas. There is risk of course but we believe in the success of this unique project».^[16] In December 2006, Lukoil announced the acquisition of 376 filling stations in six European countries: Belgium, the Czech Republic, Finland, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia, from ConocoPhillips.^[17]

In 2007, Lukoil established a joint-venture with Gazprom and in 2008, established a joint-venture as well with Italian oil company ERG S.p.A.^[10] In 2009, Lukoil and Norwegian oil company Statoil won a tender offer for the development of the West Qurna Field in Iraq. However, in early 2012, Statoil withdrew from the project, resulting in Lukoil consolidating 75% of development of the oil field.^[10][13]

2010s[edit]

From 2010 to February 2011, ConocoPhillips sold its whole 20% stake in Lukoil due to its difficult financial situation.^[18][19]

In September 2012, Lukoil created a shared service centre in the Czech Republic to provide accounting services to its subsidiaries in Belgium, Poland, and Bulgaria.^[20] In December 2012, Lukoil bought the Imilor field for ₽50.8 billion in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug to explore and develop the hydrocarbon deposits located there.^[21]

In February 2013, Lukoil sold the Odessa Oil Refinery to the Ukrainian «East European Fuel and Energy Company» (VETEK). For Lukoil, the oil refinery was unprofitable when production was stopped as early as October 2010 and the refinery finally closed in the summer of 2013.^[22] In April 2013, Lukoil agreed to buy Hess Corporation’s Russian unit for $2.05 billion.^[23]

In 2014, the company faced a sharp decline in retail sales in Ukraine by 42%, caused by Russian intervention in Ukraine. As a result, the management of Lukoil agreed to sell 100% of its subsidiary Lukoil Ukraine to the Austrian company AMIC Energy Management, which was announced at the end of July 2014.^[24][25]

In 2014, Lukoil sold its service stations in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary.^[26]

In 2015, it sold its service stations in Estonia and Ukraine, and in 2016, it sold its service stations in Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, and Cyprus.^[27][28][29]

2020s[edit]

In March 2022, Lukoil’s market stock price dropped 95 percent, as a result of international sanctions during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.^[30]

On 21 April 2022, Lukoil issued a statement saying that president Vagit Alekperov had stepped down and resigned from the board of directors after 29 years.^[31]

The Norway state-owned oil company Equinor exited the last of their joint ventures in Russia by withdrawing the joint venture with Lukoil and exiting the Kharyaga project on 2 September 2022.^[32]

Operations[edit]

Oil and gas production[edit]

Hydrocarbon reserves[edit]

The company’s proved hydrocarbon reserves as of January 1, 2011 amounted to 17.255 billion barrels of oil equivalent, including 13.319 billion barrels of petroleum and 0.67 trillion cubic meters of natural gas. In terms of proved oil reserves, Lukoil, according to its own information, was the sixth-largest private oil company in the world at the time.^[33][34]

In addition, probable hydrocarbon reserves as of January 1, 2011 were 8.46 billion barrels of oil equivalent (including oil 6.47 billion barrels of petroleum and 0.34 trillion cubic meters of natural gas). Possible reserves were 3.17 billion barrels of oil equivalent (including 2.78 billion barrels of petroleum and 65.7 billion cubic meters of natural gas).^[33]

Major oil fields[edit]

Rank	Field	Production (thousand tons) (2007)
1	Tevlinsko-Russkinskoye	9,486[citation needed]
2	Vatyeganskoye	8,086[citation needed]
3	Povkhovskoye	6,183
4	Pocachevskoye	3,582[citation needed]
5	Yuzhno-Yagunskoye	3,142
6	Kharyaga	2,874 (2007)[citation needed]; 1,560 (2021)[32]
7	Kogalym	2,793
8	Pamyatno-Sasovskoye	2,464
9	Urievskoye	2,227
10	Usinskoye	2,113

Since 2016, Lukoil has been trying to get a development license for Nadezhda field in Baltic field, situated in Kaliningrad region aside of Continental shelf, which is booked for state companies only. In October 2021, due to ecology risks, the Russian government withdrew the decision to provide the license for geological exploration at Nadezhda field.^[35]

Domestic projects[edit]

In December 2011, Lukoil established a joint venture with Bashneft to develop the Trebs and Titov oil fields. Total recoverable reserves and oil resources from these fields are 89.73 million tons in C1 category, 50.33 million tons in C2 category and 59.29 million tons in category C3.^[36][37][38]

Foreign projects[edit]

The operator of Lukoil’s foreign projects in the exploration and production sector is its subsidiary, Lukoil Overseas.

Lukoil is involved in the implementation of 16 projects for the exploration and development of structures and deposits in the following countries:

• Azerbaijan (D-222 (Yalama), Shah-Deniz)
• Kazakhstan (Tengiz, Karachaganak, Kumkol, Karakuduk, Northern Buzachi, Alibekmola, Kozhasai, Arman, Zhambai South, Atash, Tyub-Karagan);
• Uzbekistan (Kandym-Khauzak-Shady-Kungrad, Aral, Kungrad, South-West Gissar)
• Egypt (Meleiha, West Esh-El-Mallah, West Geisum, Northeast Geisum)^[39]
• Iraq (West Qurna-2)
• Iran (Anaran);
• Colombia (the Condor project in conjunction with the Colombian state company Ecopetrol)
• Ivory Coast (production sharing agreement on the offshore block CI-205 in the Gulf of Guinea)
• Venezuela (Junin Block 3)
• Saudi Arabia
• Ghana (Cape Three Points Deepwater)
• Romania
• Cameroon (Etinde floating LNG project)^[40]

The extraction of hydrocarbons from all the above projects is carried out only in Kazakhstan (5.5 million tons of oil and 1.9 billion cubic meters in 2006) and Egypt (0.2 million tons).

Oil and gas processing[edit]

Lukoil owns seven oil-processing companies in Eastern Europe with total capacity of 82.1 million tons per year. In Russia it owns large refineries in Volgograd, Perm, Nizhny Novgorod, and Ukhta refineries and mini-refineries in Uray and Kogalym. It also owns refineries in Bulgaria, Romania, and Italy, and has a 45%-stake in an oil refining complex in the Netherlands.^[41] In 2020, the company was also in talks to reconstruct a refinery plant in Cameroon, which belongs to Cameroon’s national refining company, Sonara.^[42]

Country	Name	Location	Launched	Acquired	Capacity, mln tpa
	Lukoil-Nizhegorodnefteorgsintez	Kstovo	1958	2000	15.0
	Lukoil-Permnefteorgsintez	Perm	1958	1991	12.0
	Lukoil-Volgogradneftepererabotka	Volgograd	1957	1991	9.9
	Lukoil-Ukhtaneftepererabotka	Ukhta	1934	2000	3.7
	Lukoil Neftochim Burgas	Burgas	1964	1999	7.5
	Petrotel Lukoil Refinery	Ploieşti	1904	1998	2.4
	ISAB	Priolo Gargallo	1975	2008*	16.0
	Zeeland Refinery (share with TRN)	Vlissingen	1973	2009*	7.9*

* – 49% and 45% shares respectively

Speaking at a press conference in New York on October 18, 2006, the company’s CEO Vagit Alekperov said Lukoil is refusing to build a new refinery in Russia. According to him, «at this stage it is inexpedient and economically inefficient.» At the same time, Lukoil planned to build a large complex in Kalmykia for the processing of natural gas from the North Caspian fields worth over $3 billion. The work was supposed to start in the spring of 2008. Also in March 2007, Lukoil announced it would expand the capacity in the Lukoil Neftochim Burgas refinery in Burgas, Bulgaria from 7.5 million tons to 10 million tons of oil per year.^[43][44]

Petrochemistry[edit]

The subsidiary company Lukoil-Neftekhim specializes in petrochemistry, and operates the Stavrolen (Budyonnovsk), Saratovorgsintez, and the Karpatneftekhim (Kalush, Ukraine) petrochemical plants. Petrochemical facilities are also part of the Neftochim Burgas Combine in Bulgaria. «Lukoil» is the largest producer of alkene and acrylonitrile in Eastern Europe. Together with Sibur, Lukoil-Neftekhim owns a controlling stake in the Polief plant.

Transportation[edit]

Transportation of oil produced by Lukoil in Russia is carried out for the most part by the pipelines of Transneft, as well as by rail and water transport. Oil produced at the company’s fields in Kazakhstan is transported through pipelines such as the Caspian Pipeline Consortium.

Lukoil owns a number of oil and oil products terminals used for the export of oil and oil products:

• The terminal near Varandey off of the Barents Sea with a capacity of 12.5 million tons of oil a year is used for shipment of oil produced in the Timan-Pechora Basin.^[45]

Sales[edit]

Lukoil sells petrol in 59 regions of Russia and in 17 other countries, both CIS and Western: Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium (through its subsidiary Jet until late 2008, since rebranded to Lukoil), Bulgaria, Croatia (operated by Lukoil Croatia, but under the brand name «Europa-Mil»), Finland (Teboil), Georgia, Italy, Luxembourg, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Turkey and the United States. As of January 2014, it had 166 tank farms and 5,867 filling stations.^[46]

Power generation[edit]

Lukoil has the aggregate power generation capacity of 5,800 MW, of which 73% is for commercial use. Lukoil generates about 99% of electrical power of the Astrakhan Oblast and 62% of the Krasnodar Krai. Its main power generation subsidiaries are Lukoil-Volgogradenergo, Lukoil-Rostovenergo, Luikoil-Kubanenergo, Lukoil-Astrakhanenergo, and Lukoil-Stavropolenergo.^[47]

Lukoil operates two solar power plants at its own refineries in Romania and Bulgaria with respective capacity of 9 MW and 1.3 MW.^[47] A 10-MW solar plant is under construction at the Volgograd Refinery.^[48] It also owns an 84-MW wind farm in Topolog, Romania.^[49]

[edit]

Lukoil has been titular sponsor of FC Spartak Moscow since 2000. In August 2022, the company acquired ownership of the club (100% of the shares) along with the Otkritie Arena stadium.^[51]

In particular, the company sponsors the Volgograd water polo club Lukoil-Spartak. Lukoil also sponsors the Russian Olympic Committee and is one of the founders of the Russian Olympians Support Fund. In February 2014, Lukoil signed an agreement with the government of Arkhangelsk Oblast about supporting Vodnik.^[52]

Corporate affairs[edit]

Shareholders[edit]

In July 2010, the top managers of the company owned the largest stake (more than 30%) of the company’s shares: CEO Vagit Alekperov owning 20.6% and vice-president Leonid Fedun owning 9.8%. The American oil company ConocoPhillips owned 19.21% but due to financial difficulties, completely withdrew from the shareholders of Lukoil, selling its shares, and in part to Lukoil itself by February 2011. The remaining shares were freely traded on the London Stock Exchange, the Frankfurt Stock Exchange, the Russian Trading System, and the Moscow Interbank Currency Exchange. Market capitalization of the company was $60.4 billion as of June 2018.

Management[edit]

Chief executive officer[edit]

• 1993–2022: Vagit Alekperov
• 2022–present: Vadim Vorobyev

Board of Directors[edit]

List of directors that were elected on June 21, 2018:^[53]

• Vagit Alekperov — CEO^[54]
• Ravil Maganov, Chairman of the Board
• Victor Blazheev
• Lyubov Khoba
• Leonid Fedun
• Sergey Shatalov
• Pavel Teplukhin
• Boris Porfiryev

Invasion in Ukraine 2022[edit]

In March 2022, Toby Gati, Roger Munnings and Wolfgang Schüssel left the board of directors due to International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War.^[55]

During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Ravil Maganov criticised the Russian attack on Ukraine. September 1, 2022 he was found dead outside his hospital window the day that President Putin visited the hospital. Nearby video cameras had been turned off. The company has acknowledged the death in a statement saying that Ravil Maganov: «passed away following a severe illness».^[56]

Subsidiaries[edit]

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2018)

The company «Lukoil» owns controlling stakes or otherwise controls the following main organizations:

Environmental record[edit]

According to Lukoil, their numbers in 2007 recorded a drop of 7.8% in the volume of pollutant effects and a drop of 3.8% in the area of contaminated lands compared to 2006. These numbers came after an appeal from EMERCON, the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Natural Disaster Recovery, which proposed that Lukoil participate in the development of monitoring, prevention, and emergency recovery systems.^[57]

In an effort to increase productivity, Lukoil organized a contract to begin an oil pumping block in the Azerbaijani sector of the Caspian Sea. It arranged an Environmental Impact Assessment of the drill site in order to organize a second exploration drill. This block, D-222, was the largest prospective structure in the north-east section of the Caspian Sea as of 2008.^[58] The key issue was to assess how much damage the oil block would inflict on local fish populations. Taking into account the depth of the operation, around 700 meters, the amount of harm was projected to be minimal, with the majority of the damaged marine life being plankton and benthos. A rescue and salvage ship would be stationed there to mitigate the environmental effects on the area. Lukoil would develop contingency plans for oil spills and implement an environmental monitoring system.^[59]

At the same time, Lukoil faces criticism from various environmental organizations. In particular, the company’s oil production in the Baltic Sea near Kaliningrad Oblast was criticized as it is 22 kilometers away from the Curonian Spit, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.^[60]

According to a number of critics, Lukoil inherited the worst standards of the Soviet oil industry with respect to the environment, not taking enough responsibility to minimize pollution in its oil fields and refineries.^[61]

Lukoil has been ranked as among the 14th best of 92 oil, gas, and mining companies on indigenous rights and resource extraction in the Arctic.^[62]

In the Arctic Environmental Responsibility Index (AERI) Lukoil is ranked no. 37 out of 120 oil, gas, and mining companies involved in resource extraction north of the Arctic Circle.^[63]

Controversies[edit]

Environmental incidents[edit]

On one of the storage ponds of JSC «Lukoil-Volgograd-neftepererabotka» during the period from July 25 to August 8, 1996, the oil sludge was ignited due to the unacceptable conduct of welding operations. The surface layer of oil products was formed during the last two decades, and a similar ignition in this area was already noted in 1972. As a result of the 1996 fire, about 50,000 tons of oil products were burned, since even the soil was saturated with volatile fractions at this site. Where the fire was first lit, the concentration of carbon monoxide exceeded the permissible standards by almost 28 times, nitrogen dioxide tripled, hydrogen sulfide and phenol more than 1.5 times. In the residential areas of the Krasnoarmeysky district of Volgograd, located 7 km from the fire, as well as in the nearby settlements — B. and M. Chapurnik, Dubov Gully, Chervlen, Tingut — the content of combustion products in the air also exceeded the maximum permissible concentration. In the liquidation of this major technogenic emergency situation with severe environmental consequences, the divisions of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia took part.^[64][65]

In the fall of 2003, the Russian Emergencies Ministry revealed the oil spill as a result of the depressurization of the interfacial oil pipeline belonging to the TPP Lukoil-Usinskneftegaz on the territory of the Komi Republic near the city of Usinsk. The area of oil pollution in one case was about 1.8 thousand m², in the second — 377 m².^[66]

On January 25, 2011 at about 10:00 (local time), as a result of oil leakage in the engine room LGPZ (CCI «Langepasneftegaz»), there was a fire. Fire extinguished more than 50 fighter. The plant suspended its work.^{[citation needed]}

On April 20, 2012, at the Trebs field, developed jointly by Lukoil and Bashneft, there was an accident that caused significant damage to the natural environment: over a day, continued flowing of oil from the re-opened well, which led to large-scale contamination of the territory. According to the press service of the administration of the Nenets Autonomous District, the contamination area exceeded 5 thousand square meters, the volume of spilled oil, according to Bashneft, was 600 tonnes (in independent sources numbers were up to 2.2 thousand tonnes).^[67][68][69]

On May 11, 2021, a leakage was identified in a pipeline connected to Lukoil’s Oshkoye field. The spill was estimated at 100 tons of oil, yet environmentalists argued that 100 tons is an underestimate. The spill had infiltrated the Kolva river and traveled upstream, affecting the river habitats. Russia’s Northwest Komi Republic declared emergency. The damage was estimated at $4.1 billion.^[70][71]

Ukrainian investigation[edit]

In January 2015, the Security Service of Ukraine announced an investigation into whether Lukoil had financed separatists in Donbas.^[72]

Antitrust law violations[edit]

In November 2009, the Federal Antimonopoly Service of Russia (FAS) imposed a record fine of ₽6.54 billion on the company for violating antitrust legislation. The fine was imposed for the abuse of the company’s dominant position in the wholesale market of petroleum products in the first half of 2009, expressed in «the seizure of goods from circulation» and the creation of «discriminatory conditions for the sale of petroleum products to individual counterparties». As FAS has calculated, these actions led to an increase in prices in the wholesale markets of motor gasoline, diesel fuel, and aviation kerosene in the first half of 2009.^[73]

Cambridge Analytica[edit]

In March 2018, the data firm Cambridge Analytica, tied to the 2016 Trump Campaign, was accused of discussing «political targeting» of American voters with representatives of Lukoil.^[74] “Cambridge Analytica sought to identify mental and emotional characteristics in certain subsets of the American population and worked to exploit them by designing them to activate some of the worst vulnerabilities in people, such as neuroticism, paranoia and racial biases,” whistleblower Christopher Wylie told the Senate Judiciary Committee in 2018.^[75] With Lukoil, the consulting firm shared election disruption strategies, which included videos and posters intended to demoralise and alarm voters.^[76] Lukoil is on the Sectoral Sanctions Identifications list, has been linked to Russian influence in the past, and CEO Vagit Alekperov, a former oil minister, had made statements suggesting that he considers helping Russia to be a strong political ambition.^[76][77]

VP driving accident[edit]

On February 25, 2011, Lukoil’s vice president Anatoliy Barkov crashed his Mercedes S500 into a Citroën C3 car with doctor Olga Alexandrina and famous obstetrician Vera M. Sidelnikova inside; both women died in the collision. The General Administration for Traffic Safety blamed the driver of the Citroën but it was suggested the administration was covering up that the real culprit of the accident was the driver of the Mercedes, who, according to eyewitnesses, was driving around a traffic jam and went into the oncoming lane. There is also some speculation that the driver of the Mercedes was the vice-president of Lukoil himself. A few days after the accident, the Head of the State Traffic Safety Inspectorate of Moscow issued a notice of misconduct to the commander of the Traffic Police battalion who registered the accident on Leninsky Avenue because he had prematurely called the driver of the Citroën, Olga Alexandrin, the culprit of the accident. The incident caused a public reaction, in particular, a boycott of this company’s gas stations was organized. Blogger Andrei Bocharov announced a mock advertisement of Lukoil based on this accident, and rapper Noize MC wrote the song «Mercedes S666 (Make Way for the Chariot)».^{[78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86]}

Bulgarian license[edit]

In July 2011, Lukoil had a conflict with Bulgarian authorities. According to the latter, the company’s Bourgas refinery did not have timely installed meters for the manufactured fuel (used to determine the amount of excises paid), which, according to officials, Lukoil allegedly underpaid about €250 million to the country’s budget. As a result, the company lost its license and was stopped, but in early August 2011 the plant was re-launched.^[87]

Sanctions[edit]

On 11 September 2014, US President Obama said that the United States would join the EU in imposing tougher sanctions on Russia’s financial, energy and defence sectors, following the escalation of Russo-Ukrainian War.^[88] The U.S. added Lukoil to the Sectoral Sanctions Identifications list on September 12, 2014.^[89][77]

The effect of sanctions in 2022 against shipped Russian oil has had a detrimental effect on the Priolo Gargallo ISAB refinery in Sicily with an inability to bring in oil from Russia and related cash flow finance problems.^[90] This has resulted in the refinery being put under Italian trusteeship with a buyer being sought.^[91]

Criticism[edit]

• The Association of Small and Medium-Sized Oil Production Enterprises, also known as Assoneft, criticized Lukoil and the authorities of the Komi Republic for providing tax breaks to the oil companies of the region, which are obliged to extract at least 7 million tons of oil per year and (or) recycle at least 3 million tons. Only two enterprises–Lukoil-Komi and Lukoil-Ukhtaneftepererabotka–correspond to these conditions in the region. In March 2007, the Federal Antimonopoly Service initiated a case against the State Council of the Komi on the grounds of violation of Part 1 of Art. 15 of the Law «On Protection of Competition» with regard to restricting competition in the oil production and refining markets.^[92][93]
• In October 2005, then-prime minister of Lithuania, Algirdas Brazauskas, was in the center of the scandal involving Lukoil. The opposition of the Lithuanian parliament, Homeland Union, began collecting signatures for the creation of a parliamentary commission to investigate the entrepreneurial activity of Brazauskas’ wife, Christina Butrimene-Brazauskiene, in particular with the acquisition of a 38% stake in the elite Vilnius Crowne Plaza hotel from the wife of the head of the Lukoil-Baltija company. The charges were related to Lukoil’s contention at that time for a stake in one of the largest enterprises in Lithuania, the oil refinery ORLEN Lietuva, part of Polish energy company ORLEN. Brazauskas rejected allegations of corruption, but admitted his wife owns 51% of the hotel shares, and another 48% belong to his son. On November 22, at the insistence of the country’s president Valdas Adamkus, Algirdas Brazauskas spoke on television, saying he was not involved in the privatization of the hotel, and that all charges should be considered by law enforcement bodies, not by the parliamentary commission.^[94]
• On September 14, 2012, more than fifty Lukoil gas station owners in New Jersey and Pennsylvania temporarily raised their prices to over $8 a gallon to protest Lukoil’s wholesale gas pricing. The owners are typically charged a wholesale price that is 5 to 10 cents a gallon more than their competitors and some are assessed an additional 25 to 30 cents per gallon based on their location.^[95] According to the station owners this makes it difficult to be competitive with stations that sell more established brands for lower prices.
• In March 2016, there were accusations by the press of the company not acquiring rights to part of the Massandra vineyards in Crimea.^[96][97]

See also[edit]

• List of companies of Russia
• Petroleum industry of Russia
• Companies of comparable role
  • Exxon-Mobil
  • Shell plc
• 2022 Russian businessmen suspicious deaths

References[edit]

External links[edit]

PJSC Lukoil

Lukoil’s headquarters in Moscow
Native name	ПAO «Лукойл»
Type	Public (ПAO)
Traded as	MCX: LKOH
Industry	Oil and gas
Predecessor	Langepasneftegaz Urayneftegaz Kogalymneftegaz
Founded	25 November 1991; 31 years ago
Founder	Vagit Alekperov
Headquarters	Moscow , Russia
Number of locations	5,867 (2014)
Area served	Europe, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Iraq, Egypt, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, United States, Mexico
Key people	Vagit Alekperov (president and CEO) Leonid Fedun (vice-president)
Products	Petroleum Natural gas Petrochemicals
Revenue	$128 billion[1] (2021)
Operating income	$13.3 billion[1] (2021)
Net income	$10.5 billion[1] (2021)
Total assets	$93.2 billion[1] (2021)
Total equity	$61.4 billion[1] (2021)
Number of employees	101,000 (2019)
Subsidiaries	see Subsidiaries
Website	lukoil.com

The PJSC Lukoil Oil Company (Russian: Лукойл, tr. Lukoyl, IPA: [ˈluːkɔɪl] stylized as LUKOIL or ЛУКОЙЛ in Cyrillic script) is a Russian multinational energy corporation headquartered in Moscow, specializing in the business of extraction, production, transport, and sale of petroleum, natural gas, petroleum products, and electricity. It was formed in 1991 when three state-run, western Siberian companies named after the respective town in Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug that each was based in, Langepasneftegaz, Urayneftegaz, and Kogalymneftegaz, merged. Its name is the combination of the acronym LUK (initials of the oil-producing cities of Langepas, Uray, Kogalym) and the English word «oil».^[2][3]

Lukoil is the second largest company in Russia after Gazprom, and the country’s largest non-state enterprise in terms of revenue, with ₽4,744 billion in 2018.^[4][5] In the 2020 Forbes Global 2000, Lukoil was ranked as the 99th-largest public company in the world. Internationally, it is one of the largest global producers of crude oil. In 2019, the company produced 87.488 million metric tons of oil (1.639 million barrels per day) and 35.046 billion cubic meters of natural gas.^{[6][failed verification]} As of 2021, the company had operations and subsidiaries in more than 30 countries around the world.^{[7][needs update]}

History[edit]

Origins[edit]

«Langepas, Uray, and Kogalym» oil (Lukoil) was established by the USSR Council of Ministers Decree No. 18 on November 25, 1991, as a state-owned enterprise. In the new company, three oil production companies, Langepasneftegaz, Uraineftegaz, and Kogalymneftegaz, processing company Permnefteorgsintez, and the Volgograd and Novosibirsk refineries, were merged (the latter soon came under the control of the authorities of Bashkortostan).^[8]

The central figure in the company’s founding was the Soviet deputy minister of oil production Vagit Alekperov.^[8] He came to believe the only way Russians could compete against western companies was to copy their business model. That meant vertically integrating the three branches of the industry—exploration, refining, and distribution—that were strictly separate under the old Soviet system.^[9]

On April 5, 1993, Lukoil transformed itself from a state-owned enterprise to a private open joint-stock company based on Presidential Decree No. 1403 of November 17, 1992.

1990s[edit]

In 1994, Lukoil became the first company to begin offering shares of stock on the new Russian Trading System.^[8]

In 1995, Lukoil controlled the stakes of nine oil-producing, marketing and service enterprises in Western Siberia, the Urals, and Volgograd Oblast in order to abide by Government Decree No. 861 of September 1, 1995.^[10] In the same year, a 5% stake of Lukoil was sold by the state with a minimum excess of the starting price in an auction.^[11] In November 1995, Lukoil filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission to issue American depositary receipts on Western stock markets. This allowed United States investors for the first time, to be able to buy shares in a Russian company.^[12]

In 1997, Lukoil signed a contract with the Iraqi Ministry of Oil for the development and production of the second stage of the West Qurna-2 oil field. After Saddam Hussein’s regime was overthrown, the project was suspended and later terminated.^[13]

In 1999, Lukoil acquired numerous enterprises such as the Odessa Oil Refinery in Ukraine, the Burgas Oil Refinery in Bulgaria, and KomiTEK.^[10]

2000s[edit]

In 2000, Lukoil acquired the distribution and marketing operations of American oil company Getty Oil. This resulted in the control of a network of gas stations in the United States as well as the first time Lukoil enters the American oil market.^[10]

In September 2004, ConocoPhillips purchased a 7.6% stake in Lukoil for about $2 billion. According to some commentators, the sale of this deal was planned before in a personal meeting between Russian President Vladimir Putin and ConocoPhillips’ president and CEO, James Mulva. After the auction, Lukoil and ConocoPhillips announced the creation of a strategic alliance. Later, the American company increased its stake to 20% in Lukoil and sold to the Russian company part of its network of gas stations in the United States and Western Europe. The two oil companies also agreed to jointly develop an oil and gas field in the northern Timan-Pechora area of Russia (Komi Republic) and intended to secure the rights to develop the West Qurna Field in Iraq, one of the country’s largest.^[14][15]

Uzbekistan’s deputy prime minister Ergash Shaismatov announced on 30 August 2006 that the Uzbek government and an international consortium consisting of state-run Uzbekneftegaz, Lukoil Overseas, Petronas, Korea National Oil Corporation, and China National Petroleum Corporation signed a production sharing agreement to explore and develop oil and gas fields in the Aral Sea, stating «The Aral Sea is largely unknown, but it holds a lot of promise in terms of finding oil and gas. There is risk of course but we believe in the success of this unique project».^[16] In December 2006, Lukoil announced the acquisition of 376 filling stations in six European countries: Belgium, the Czech Republic, Finland, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia, from ConocoPhillips.^[17]

In 2007, Lukoil established a joint-venture with Gazprom and in 2008, established a joint-venture as well with Italian oil company ERG S.p.A.^[10] In 2009, Lukoil and Norwegian oil company Statoil won a tender offer for the development of the West Qurna Field in Iraq. However, in early 2012, Statoil withdrew from the project, resulting in Lukoil consolidating 75% of development of the oil field.^[10][13]

2010s[edit]

From 2010 to February 2011, ConocoPhillips sold its whole 20% stake in Lukoil due to its difficult financial situation.^[18][19]

In September 2012, Lukoil created a shared service centre in the Czech Republic to provide accounting services to its subsidiaries in Belgium, Poland, and Bulgaria.^[20] In December 2012, Lukoil bought the Imilor field for ₽50.8 billion in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug to explore and develop the hydrocarbon deposits located there.^[21]

In February 2013, Lukoil sold the Odessa Oil Refinery to the Ukrainian «East European Fuel and Energy Company» (VETEK). For Lukoil, the oil refinery was unprofitable when production was stopped as early as October 2010 and the refinery finally closed in the summer of 2013.^[22] In April 2013, Lukoil agreed to buy Hess Corporation’s Russian unit for $2.05 billion.^[23]

In 2014, the company faced a sharp decline in retail sales in Ukraine by 42%, caused by Russian intervention in Ukraine. As a result, the management of Lukoil agreed to sell 100% of its subsidiary Lukoil Ukraine to the Austrian company AMIC Energy Management, which was announced at the end of July 2014.^[24][25]

In 2014, Lukoil sold its service stations in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary.^[26]

In 2015, it sold its service stations in Estonia and Ukraine, and in 2016, it sold its service stations in Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, and Cyprus.^[27][28][29]

2020s[edit]

In March 2022, Lukoil’s market stock price dropped 95 percent, as a result of international sanctions during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.^[30]

On 21 April 2022, Lukoil issued a statement saying that president Vagit Alekperov had stepped down and resigned from the board of directors after 29 years.^[31]

The Norway state-owned oil company Equinor exited the last of their joint ventures in Russia by withdrawing the joint venture with Lukoil and exiting the Kharyaga project on 2 September 2022.^[32]

Operations[edit]

Oil and gas production[edit]

Hydrocarbon reserves[edit]

The company’s proved hydrocarbon reserves as of January 1, 2011 amounted to 17.255 billion barrels of oil equivalent, including 13.319 billion barrels of petroleum and 0.67 trillion cubic meters of natural gas. In terms of proved oil reserves, Lukoil, according to its own information, was the sixth-largest private oil company in the world at the time.^[33][34]

In addition, probable hydrocarbon reserves as of January 1, 2011 were 8.46 billion barrels of oil equivalent (including oil 6.47 billion barrels of petroleum and 0.34 trillion cubic meters of natural gas). Possible reserves were 3.17 billion barrels of oil equivalent (including 2.78 billion barrels of petroleum and 65.7 billion cubic meters of natural gas).^[33]

Major oil fields[edit]

Rank	Field	Production (thousand tons) (2007)
1	Tevlinsko-Russkinskoye	9,486[citation needed]
2	Vatyeganskoye	8,086[citation needed]
3	Povkhovskoye	6,183
4	Pocachevskoye	3,582[citation needed]
5	Yuzhno-Yagunskoye	3,142
6	Kharyaga	2,874 (2007)[citation needed]; 1,560 (2021)[32]
7	Kogalym	2,793
8	Pamyatno-Sasovskoye	2,464
9	Urievskoye	2,227
10	Usinskoye	2,113

Since 2016, Lukoil has been trying to get a development license for Nadezhda field in Baltic field, situated in Kaliningrad region aside of Continental shelf, which is booked for state companies only. In October 2021, due to ecology risks, the Russian government withdrew the decision to provide the license for geological exploration at Nadezhda field.^[35]

Domestic projects[edit]

In December 2011, Lukoil established a joint venture with Bashneft to develop the Trebs and Titov oil fields. Total recoverable reserves and oil resources from these fields are 89.73 million tons in C1 category, 50.33 million tons in C2 category and 59.29 million tons in category C3.^[36][37][38]

Foreign projects[edit]

The operator of Lukoil’s foreign projects in the exploration and production sector is its subsidiary, Lukoil Overseas.

Lukoil is involved in the implementation of 16 projects for the exploration and development of structures and deposits in the following countries:

• Azerbaijan (D-222 (Yalama), Shah-Deniz)
• Kazakhstan (Tengiz, Karachaganak, Kumkol, Karakuduk, Northern Buzachi, Alibekmola, Kozhasai, Arman, Zhambai South, Atash, Tyub-Karagan);
• Uzbekistan (Kandym-Khauzak-Shady-Kungrad, Aral, Kungrad, South-West Gissar)
• Egypt (Meleiha, West Esh-El-Mallah, West Geisum, Northeast Geisum)^[39]
• Iraq (West Qurna-2)
• Iran (Anaran);
• Colombia (the Condor project in conjunction with the Colombian state company Ecopetrol)
• Ivory Coast (production sharing agreement on the offshore block CI-205 in the Gulf of Guinea)
• Venezuela (Junin Block 3)
• Saudi Arabia
• Ghana (Cape Three Points Deepwater)
• Romania
• Cameroon (Etinde floating LNG project)^[40]

The extraction of hydrocarbons from all the above projects is carried out only in Kazakhstan (5.5 million tons of oil and 1.9 billion cubic meters in 2006) and Egypt (0.2 million tons).

Oil and gas processing[edit]

Lukoil owns seven oil-processing companies in Eastern Europe with total capacity of 82.1 million tons per year. In Russia it owns large refineries in Volgograd, Perm, Nizhny Novgorod, and Ukhta refineries and mini-refineries in Uray and Kogalym. It also owns refineries in Bulgaria, Romania, and Italy, and has a 45%-stake in an oil refining complex in the Netherlands.^[41] In 2020, the company was also in talks to reconstruct a refinery plant in Cameroon, which belongs to Cameroon’s national refining company, Sonara.^[42]

Country	Name	Location	Launched	Acquired	Capacity, mln tpa
	Lukoil-Nizhegorodnefteorgsintez	Kstovo	1958	2000	15.0
	Lukoil-Permnefteorgsintez	Perm	1958	1991	12.0
	Lukoil-Volgogradneftepererabotka	Volgograd	1957	1991	9.9
	Lukoil-Ukhtaneftepererabotka	Ukhta	1934	2000	3.7
	Lukoil Neftochim Burgas	Burgas	1964	1999	7.5
	Petrotel Lukoil Refinery	Ploieşti	1904	1998	2.4
	ISAB	Priolo Gargallo	1975	2008*	16.0
	Zeeland Refinery (share with TRN)	Vlissingen	1973	2009*	7.9*

* – 49% and 45% shares respectively

Speaking at a press conference in New York on October 18, 2006, the company’s CEO Vagit Alekperov said Lukoil is refusing to build a new refinery in Russia. According to him, «at this stage it is inexpedient and economically inefficient.» At the same time, Lukoil planned to build a large complex in Kalmykia for the processing of natural gas from the North Caspian fields worth over $3 billion. The work was supposed to start in the spring of 2008. Also in March 2007, Lukoil announced it would expand the capacity in the Lukoil Neftochim Burgas refinery in Burgas, Bulgaria from 7.5 million tons to 10 million tons of oil per year.^[43][44]

Petrochemistry[edit]

The subsidiary company Lukoil-Neftekhim specializes in petrochemistry, and operates the Stavrolen (Budyonnovsk), Saratovorgsintez, and the Karpatneftekhim (Kalush, Ukraine) petrochemical plants. Petrochemical facilities are also part of the Neftochim Burgas Combine in Bulgaria. «Lukoil» is the largest producer of alkene and acrylonitrile in Eastern Europe. Together with Sibur, Lukoil-Neftekhim owns a controlling stake in the Polief plant.

Transportation[edit]

Transportation of oil produced by Lukoil in Russia is carried out for the most part by the pipelines of Transneft, as well as by rail and water transport. Oil produced at the company’s fields in Kazakhstan is transported through pipelines such as the Caspian Pipeline Consortium.

Lukoil owns a number of oil and oil products terminals used for the export of oil and oil products:

• The terminal near Varandey off of the Barents Sea with a capacity of 12.5 million tons of oil a year is used for shipment of oil produced in the Timan-Pechora Basin.^[45]

Sales[edit]

Lukoil sells petrol in 59 regions of Russia and in 17 other countries, both CIS and Western: Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium (through its subsidiary Jet until late 2008, since rebranded to Lukoil), Bulgaria, Croatia (operated by Lukoil Croatia, but under the brand name «Europa-Mil»), Finland (Teboil), Georgia, Italy, Luxembourg, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Turkey and the United States. As of January 2014, it had 166 tank farms and 5,867 filling stations.^[46]

Power generation[edit]

Lukoil has the aggregate power generation capacity of 5,800 MW, of which 73% is for commercial use. Lukoil generates about 99% of electrical power of the Astrakhan Oblast and 62% of the Krasnodar Krai. Its main power generation subsidiaries are Lukoil-Volgogradenergo, Lukoil-Rostovenergo, Luikoil-Kubanenergo, Lukoil-Astrakhanenergo, and Lukoil-Stavropolenergo.^[47]

Lukoil operates two solar power plants at its own refineries in Romania and Bulgaria with respective capacity of 9 MW and 1.3 MW.^[47] A 10-MW solar plant is under construction at the Volgograd Refinery.^[48] It also owns an 84-MW wind farm in Topolog, Romania.^[49]

[edit]

Lukoil has been titular sponsor of FC Spartak Moscow since 2000. In August 2022, the company acquired ownership of the club (100% of the shares) along with the Otkritie Arena stadium.^[51]

In particular, the company sponsors the Volgograd water polo club Lukoil-Spartak. Lukoil also sponsors the Russian Olympic Committee and is one of the founders of the Russian Olympians Support Fund. In February 2014, Lukoil signed an agreement with the government of Arkhangelsk Oblast about supporting Vodnik.^[52]

Corporate affairs[edit]

Shareholders[edit]

In July 2010, the top managers of the company owned the largest stake (more than 30%) of the company’s shares: CEO Vagit Alekperov owning 20.6% and vice-president Leonid Fedun owning 9.8%. The American oil company ConocoPhillips owned 19.21% but due to financial difficulties, completely withdrew from the shareholders of Lukoil, selling its shares, and in part to Lukoil itself by February 2011. The remaining shares were freely traded on the London Stock Exchange, the Frankfurt Stock Exchange, the Russian Trading System, and the Moscow Interbank Currency Exchange. Market capitalization of the company was $60.4 billion as of June 2018.

Management[edit]

Chief executive officer[edit]

• 1993–2022: Vagit Alekperov
• 2022–present: Vadim Vorobyev

Board of Directors[edit]

List of directors that were elected on June 21, 2018:^[53]

• Vagit Alekperov — CEO^[54]
• Ravil Maganov, Chairman of the Board
• Victor Blazheev
• Lyubov Khoba
• Leonid Fedun
• Sergey Shatalov
• Pavel Teplukhin
• Boris Porfiryev

Invasion in Ukraine 2022[edit]

In March 2022, Toby Gati, Roger Munnings and Wolfgang Schüssel left the board of directors due to International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War.^[55]

During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Ravil Maganov criticised the Russian attack on Ukraine. September 1, 2022 he was found dead outside his hospital window the day that President Putin visited the hospital. Nearby video cameras had been turned off. The company has acknowledged the death in a statement saying that Ravil Maganov: «passed away following a severe illness».^[56]

Subsidiaries[edit]

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2018)

The company «Lukoil» owns controlling stakes or otherwise controls the following main organizations:

Environmental record[edit]

According to Lukoil, their numbers in 2007 recorded a drop of 7.8% in the volume of pollutant effects and a drop of 3.8% in the area of contaminated lands compared to 2006. These numbers came after an appeal from EMERCON, the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Natural Disaster Recovery, which proposed that Lukoil participate in the development of monitoring, prevention, and emergency recovery systems.^[57]

In an effort to increase productivity, Lukoil organized a contract to begin an oil pumping block in the Azerbaijani sector of the Caspian Sea. It arranged an Environmental Impact Assessment of the drill site in order to organize a second exploration drill. This block, D-222, was the largest prospective structure in the north-east section of the Caspian Sea as of 2008.^[58] The key issue was to assess how much damage the oil block would inflict on local fish populations. Taking into account the depth of the operation, around 700 meters, the amount of harm was projected to be minimal, with the majority of the damaged marine life being plankton and benthos. A rescue and salvage ship would be stationed there to mitigate the environmental effects on the area. Lukoil would develop contingency plans for oil spills and implement an environmental monitoring system.^[59]

At the same time, Lukoil faces criticism from various environmental organizations. In particular, the company’s oil production in the Baltic Sea near Kaliningrad Oblast was criticized as it is 22 kilometers away from the Curonian Spit, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.^[60]

According to a number of critics, Lukoil inherited the worst standards of the Soviet oil industry with respect to the environment, not taking enough responsibility to minimize pollution in its oil fields and refineries.^[61]

Lukoil has been ranked as among the 14th best of 92 oil, gas, and mining companies on indigenous rights and resource extraction in the Arctic.^[62]

In the Arctic Environmental Responsibility Index (AERI) Lukoil is ranked no. 37 out of 120 oil, gas, and mining companies involved in resource extraction north of the Arctic Circle.^[63]

Controversies[edit]

Environmental incidents[edit]

On one of the storage ponds of JSC «Lukoil-Volgograd-neftepererabotka» during the period from July 25 to August 8, 1996, the oil sludge was ignited due to the unacceptable conduct of welding operations. The surface layer of oil products was formed during the last two decades, and a similar ignition in this area was already noted in 1972. As a result of the 1996 fire, about 50,000 tons of oil products were burned, since even the soil was saturated with volatile fractions at this site. Where the fire was first lit, the concentration of carbon monoxide exceeded the permissible standards by almost 28 times, nitrogen dioxide tripled, hydrogen sulfide and phenol more than 1.5 times. In the residential areas of the Krasnoarmeysky district of Volgograd, located 7 km from the fire, as well as in the nearby settlements — B. and M. Chapurnik, Dubov Gully, Chervlen, Tingut — the content of combustion products in the air also exceeded the maximum permissible concentration. In the liquidation of this major technogenic emergency situation with severe environmental consequences, the divisions of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia took part.^[64][65]

In the fall of 2003, the Russian Emergencies Ministry revealed the oil spill as a result of the depressurization of the interfacial oil pipeline belonging to the TPP Lukoil-Usinskneftegaz on the territory of the Komi Republic near the city of Usinsk. The area of oil pollution in one case was about 1.8 thousand m², in the second — 377 m².^[66]

On January 25, 2011 at about 10:00 (local time), as a result of oil leakage in the engine room LGPZ (CCI «Langepasneftegaz»), there was a fire. Fire extinguished more than 50 fighter. The plant suspended its work.^{[citation needed]}

On April 20, 2012, at the Trebs field, developed jointly by Lukoil and Bashneft, there was an accident that caused significant damage to the natural environment: over a day, continued flowing of oil from the re-opened well, which led to large-scale contamination of the territory. According to the press service of the administration of the Nenets Autonomous District, the contamination area exceeded 5 thousand square meters, the volume of spilled oil, according to Bashneft, was 600 tonnes (in independent sources numbers were up to 2.2 thousand tonnes).^[67][68][69]

On May 11, 2021, a leakage was identified in a pipeline connected to Lukoil’s Oshkoye field. The spill was estimated at 100 tons of oil, yet environmentalists argued that 100 tons is an underestimate. The spill had infiltrated the Kolva river and traveled upstream, affecting the river habitats. Russia’s Northwest Komi Republic declared emergency. The damage was estimated at $4.1 billion.^[70][71]

Ukrainian investigation[edit]

In January 2015, the Security Service of Ukraine announced an investigation into whether Lukoil had financed separatists in Donbas.^[72]

Antitrust law violations[edit]

In November 2009, the Federal Antimonopoly Service of Russia (FAS) imposed a record fine of ₽6.54 billion on the company for violating antitrust legislation. The fine was imposed for the abuse of the company’s dominant position in the wholesale market of petroleum products in the first half of 2009, expressed in «the seizure of goods from circulation» and the creation of «discriminatory conditions for the sale of petroleum products to individual counterparties». As FAS has calculated, these actions led to an increase in prices in the wholesale markets of motor gasoline, diesel fuel, and aviation kerosene in the first half of 2009.^[73]

Cambridge Analytica[edit]

In March 2018, the data firm Cambridge Analytica, tied to the 2016 Trump Campaign, was accused of discussing «political targeting» of American voters with representatives of Lukoil.^[74] “Cambridge Analytica sought to identify mental and emotional characteristics in certain subsets of the American population and worked to exploit them by designing them to activate some of the worst vulnerabilities in people, such as neuroticism, paranoia and racial biases,” whistleblower Christopher Wylie told the Senate Judiciary Committee in 2018.^[75] With Lukoil, the consulting firm shared election disruption strategies, which included videos and posters intended to demoralise and alarm voters.^[76] Lukoil is on the Sectoral Sanctions Identifications list, has been linked to Russian influence in the past, and CEO Vagit Alekperov, a former oil minister, had made statements suggesting that he considers helping Russia to be a strong political ambition.^[76][77]

VP driving accident[edit]

On February 25, 2011, Lukoil’s vice president Anatoliy Barkov crashed his Mercedes S500 into a Citroën C3 car with doctor Olga Alexandrina and famous obstetrician Vera M. Sidelnikova inside; both women died in the collision. The General Administration for Traffic Safety blamed the driver of the Citroën but it was suggested the administration was covering up that the real culprit of the accident was the driver of the Mercedes, who, according to eyewitnesses, was driving around a traffic jam and went into the oncoming lane. There is also some speculation that the driver of the Mercedes was the vice-president of Lukoil himself. A few days after the accident, the Head of the State Traffic Safety Inspectorate of Moscow issued a notice of misconduct to the commander of the Traffic Police battalion who registered the accident on Leninsky Avenue because he had prematurely called the driver of the Citroën, Olga Alexandrin, the culprit of the accident. The incident caused a public reaction, in particular, a boycott of this company’s gas stations was organized. Blogger Andrei Bocharov announced a mock advertisement of Lukoil based on this accident, and rapper Noize MC wrote the song «Mercedes S666 (Make Way for the Chariot)».^{[78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86]}

Bulgarian license[edit]

In July 2011, Lukoil had a conflict with Bulgarian authorities. According to the latter, the company’s Bourgas refinery did not have timely installed meters for the manufactured fuel (used to determine the amount of excises paid), which, according to officials, Lukoil allegedly underpaid about €250 million to the country’s budget. As a result, the company lost its license and was stopped, but in early August 2011 the plant was re-launched.^[87]

Sanctions[edit]

On 11 September 2014, US President Obama said that the United States would join the EU in imposing tougher sanctions on Russia’s financial, energy and defence sectors, following the escalation of Russo-Ukrainian War.^[88] The U.S. added Lukoil to the Sectoral Sanctions Identifications list on September 12, 2014.^[89][77]

The effect of sanctions in 2022 against shipped Russian oil has had a detrimental effect on the Priolo Gargallo ISAB refinery in Sicily with an inability to bring in oil from Russia and related cash flow finance problems.^[90] This has resulted in the refinery being put under Italian trusteeship with a buyer being sought.^[91]

Criticism[edit]

• The Association of Small and Medium-Sized Oil Production Enterprises, also known as Assoneft, criticized Lukoil and the authorities of the Komi Republic for providing tax breaks to the oil companies of the region, which are obliged to extract at least 7 million tons of oil per year and (or) recycle at least 3 million tons. Only two enterprises–Lukoil-Komi and Lukoil-Ukhtaneftepererabotka–correspond to these conditions in the region. In March 2007, the Federal Antimonopoly Service initiated a case against the State Council of the Komi on the grounds of violation of Part 1 of Art. 15 of the Law «On Protection of Competition» with regard to restricting competition in the oil production and refining markets.^[92][93]
• In October 2005, then-prime minister of Lithuania, Algirdas Brazauskas, was in the center of the scandal involving Lukoil. The opposition of the Lithuanian parliament, Homeland Union, began collecting signatures for the creation of a parliamentary commission to investigate the entrepreneurial activity of Brazauskas’ wife, Christina Butrimene-Brazauskiene, in particular with the acquisition of a 38% stake in the elite Vilnius Crowne Plaza hotel from the wife of the head of the Lukoil-Baltija company. The charges were related to Lukoil’s contention at that time for a stake in one of the largest enterprises in Lithuania, the oil refinery ORLEN Lietuva, part of Polish energy company ORLEN. Brazauskas rejected allegations of corruption, but admitted his wife owns 51% of the hotel shares, and another 48% belong to his son. On November 22, at the insistence of the country’s president Valdas Adamkus, Algirdas Brazauskas spoke on television, saying he was not involved in the privatization of the hotel, and that all charges should be considered by law enforcement bodies, not by the parliamentary commission.^[94]
• On September 14, 2012, more than fifty Lukoil gas station owners in New Jersey and Pennsylvania temporarily raised their prices to over $8 a gallon to protest Lukoil’s wholesale gas pricing. The owners are typically charged a wholesale price that is 5 to 10 cents a gallon more than their competitors and some are assessed an additional 25 to 30 cents per gallon based on their location.^[95] According to the station owners this makes it difficult to be competitive with stations that sell more established brands for lower prices.
• In March 2016, there were accusations by the press of the company not acquiring rights to part of the Massandra vineyards in Crimea.^[96][97]

See also[edit]

• List of companies of Russia
• Petroleum industry of Russia
• Companies of comparable role
  • Exxon-Mobil
  • Shell plc
• 2022 Russian businessmen suspicious deaths

References[edit]

External links[edit]

PJSC Lukoil

Lukoil’s headquarters in Moscow
Native name	ПAO «Лукойл»
Type	Public (ПAO)
Traded as	MCX: LKOH
Industry	Oil and gas
Predecessor	Langepasneftegaz Urayneftegaz Kogalymneftegaz
Founded	25 November 1991; 31 years ago
Founder	Vagit Alekperov
Headquarters	Moscow , Russia
Number of locations	5,867 (2014)
Area served	Europe, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Iraq, Egypt, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, United States, Mexico
Key people	Vagit Alekperov (president and CEO) Leonid Fedun (vice-president)
Products	Petroleum Natural gas Petrochemicals
Revenue	$128 billion[1] (2021)
Operating income	$13.3 billion[1] (2021)
Net income	$10.5 billion[1] (2021)
Total assets	$93.2 billion[1] (2021)
Total equity	$61.4 billion[1] (2021)
Number of employees	101,000 (2019)
Subsidiaries	see Subsidiaries
Website	lukoil.com

The PJSC Lukoil Oil Company (Russian: Лукойл, tr. Lukoyl, IPA: [ˈluːkɔɪl] stylized as LUKOIL or ЛУКОЙЛ in Cyrillic script) is a Russian multinational energy corporation headquartered in Moscow, specializing in the business of extraction, production, transport, and sale of petroleum, natural gas, petroleum products, and electricity. It was formed in 1991 when three state-run, western Siberian companies named after the respective town in Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug that each was based in, Langepasneftegaz, Urayneftegaz, and Kogalymneftegaz, merged. Its name is the combination of the acronym LUK (initials of the oil-producing cities of Langepas, Uray, Kogalym) and the English word «oil».^[2][3]

Lukoil is the second largest company in Russia after Gazprom, and the country’s largest non-state enterprise in terms of revenue, with ₽4,744 billion in 2018.^[4][5] In the 2020 Forbes Global 2000, Lukoil was ranked as the 99th-largest public company in the world. Internationally, it is one of the largest global producers of crude oil. In 2019, the company produced 87.488 million metric tons of oil (1.639 million barrels per day) and 35.046 billion cubic meters of natural gas.^{[6][failed verification]} As of 2021, the company had operations and subsidiaries in more than 30 countries around the world.^{[7][needs update]}

History[edit]

Origins[edit]

«Langepas, Uray, and Kogalym» oil (Lukoil) was established by the USSR Council of Ministers Decree No. 18 on November 25, 1991, as a state-owned enterprise. In the new company, three oil production companies, Langepasneftegaz, Uraineftegaz, and Kogalymneftegaz, processing company Permnefteorgsintez, and the Volgograd and Novosibirsk refineries, were merged (the latter soon came under the control of the authorities of Bashkortostan).^[8]

The central figure in the company’s founding was the Soviet deputy minister of oil production Vagit Alekperov.^[8] He came to believe the only way Russians could compete against western companies was to copy their business model. That meant vertically integrating the three branches of the industry—exploration, refining, and distribution—that were strictly separate under the old Soviet system.^[9]

On April 5, 1993, Lukoil transformed itself from a state-owned enterprise to a private open joint-stock company based on Presidential Decree No. 1403 of November 17, 1992.

1990s[edit]

In 1994, Lukoil became the first company to begin offering shares of stock on the new Russian Trading System.^[8]

In 1995, Lukoil controlled the stakes of nine oil-producing, marketing and service enterprises in Western Siberia, the Urals, and Volgograd Oblast in order to abide by Government Decree No. 861 of September 1, 1995.^[10] In the same year, a 5% stake of Lukoil was sold by the state with a minimum excess of the starting price in an auction.^[11] In November 1995, Lukoil filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission to issue American depositary receipts on Western stock markets. This allowed United States investors for the first time, to be able to buy shares in a Russian company.^[12]

In 1997, Lukoil signed a contract with the Iraqi Ministry of Oil for the development and production of the second stage of the West Qurna-2 oil field. After Saddam Hussein’s regime was overthrown, the project was suspended and later terminated.^[13]

In 1999, Lukoil acquired numerous enterprises such as the Odessa Oil Refinery in Ukraine, the Burgas Oil Refinery in Bulgaria, and KomiTEK.^[10]

2000s[edit]

In 2000, Lukoil acquired the distribution and marketing operations of American oil company Getty Oil. This resulted in the control of a network of gas stations in the United States as well as the first time Lukoil enters the American oil market.^[10]

In September 2004, ConocoPhillips purchased a 7.6% stake in Lukoil for about $2 billion. According to some commentators, the sale of this deal was planned before in a personal meeting between Russian President Vladimir Putin and ConocoPhillips’ president and CEO, James Mulva. After the auction, Lukoil and ConocoPhillips announced the creation of a strategic alliance. Later, the American company increased its stake to 20% in Lukoil and sold to the Russian company part of its network of gas stations in the United States and Western Europe. The two oil companies also agreed to jointly develop an oil and gas field in the northern Timan-Pechora area of Russia (Komi Republic) and intended to secure the rights to develop the West Qurna Field in Iraq, one of the country’s largest.^[14][15]

Uzbekistan’s deputy prime minister Ergash Shaismatov announced on 30 August 2006 that the Uzbek government and an international consortium consisting of state-run Uzbekneftegaz, Lukoil Overseas, Petronas, Korea National Oil Corporation, and China National Petroleum Corporation signed a production sharing agreement to explore and develop oil and gas fields in the Aral Sea, stating «The Aral Sea is largely unknown, but it holds a lot of promise in terms of finding oil and gas. There is risk of course but we believe in the success of this unique project».^[16] In December 2006, Lukoil announced the acquisition of 376 filling stations in six European countries: Belgium, the Czech Republic, Finland, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia, from ConocoPhillips.^[17]

In 2007, Lukoil established a joint-venture with Gazprom and in 2008, established a joint-venture as well with Italian oil company ERG S.p.A.^[10] In 2009, Lukoil and Norwegian oil company Statoil won a tender offer for the development of the West Qurna Field in Iraq. However, in early 2012, Statoil withdrew from the project, resulting in Lukoil consolidating 75% of development of the oil field.^[10][13]

2010s[edit]

From 2010 to February 2011, ConocoPhillips sold its whole 20% stake in Lukoil due to its difficult financial situation.^[18][19]

In September 2012, Lukoil created a shared service centre in the Czech Republic to provide accounting services to its subsidiaries in Belgium, Poland, and Bulgaria.^[20] In December 2012, Lukoil bought the Imilor field for ₽50.8 billion in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug to explore and develop the hydrocarbon deposits located there.^[21]

In February 2013, Lukoil sold the Odessa Oil Refinery to the Ukrainian «East European Fuel and Energy Company» (VETEK). For Lukoil, the oil refinery was unprofitable when production was stopped as early as October 2010 and the refinery finally closed in the summer of 2013.^[22] In April 2013, Lukoil agreed to buy Hess Corporation’s Russian unit for $2.05 billion.^[23]

In 2014, the company faced a sharp decline in retail sales in Ukraine by 42%, caused by Russian intervention in Ukraine. As a result, the management of Lukoil agreed to sell 100% of its subsidiary Lukoil Ukraine to the Austrian company AMIC Energy Management, which was announced at the end of July 2014.^[24][25]

In 2014, Lukoil sold its service stations in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary.^[26]

In 2015, it sold its service stations in Estonia and Ukraine, and in 2016, it sold its service stations in Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, and Cyprus.^[27][28][29]

2020s[edit]

In March 2022, Lukoil’s market stock price dropped 95 percent, as a result of international sanctions during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.^[30]

On 21 April 2022, Lukoil issued a statement saying that president Vagit Alekperov had stepped down and resigned from the board of directors after 29 years.^[31]

The Norway state-owned oil company Equinor exited the last of their joint ventures in Russia by withdrawing the joint venture with Lukoil and exiting the Kharyaga project on 2 September 2022.^[32]

Operations[edit]

Oil and gas production[edit]

Hydrocarbon reserves[edit]

The company’s proved hydrocarbon reserves as of January 1, 2011 amounted to 17.255 billion barrels of oil equivalent, including 13.319 billion barrels of petroleum and 0.67 trillion cubic meters of natural gas. In terms of proved oil reserves, Lukoil, according to its own information, was the sixth-largest private oil company in the world at the time.^[33][34]

In addition, probable hydrocarbon reserves as of January 1, 2011 were 8.46 billion barrels of oil equivalent (including oil 6.47 billion barrels of petroleum and 0.34 trillion cubic meters of natural gas). Possible reserves were 3.17 billion barrels of oil equivalent (including 2.78 billion barrels of petroleum and 65.7 billion cubic meters of natural gas).^[33]

Major oil fields[edit]

Rank	Field	Production (thousand tons) (2007)
1	Tevlinsko-Russkinskoye	9,486[citation needed]
2	Vatyeganskoye	8,086[citation needed]
3	Povkhovskoye	6,183
4	Pocachevskoye	3,582[citation needed]
5	Yuzhno-Yagunskoye	3,142
6	Kharyaga	2,874 (2007)[citation needed]; 1,560 (2021)[32]
7	Kogalym	2,793
8	Pamyatno-Sasovskoye	2,464
9	Urievskoye	2,227
10	Usinskoye	2,113

Since 2016, Lukoil has been trying to get a development license for Nadezhda field in Baltic field, situated in Kaliningrad region aside of Continental shelf, which is booked for state companies only. In October 2021, due to ecology risks, the Russian government withdrew the decision to provide the license for geological exploration at Nadezhda field.^[35]

Domestic projects[edit]

In December 2011, Lukoil established a joint venture with Bashneft to develop the Trebs and Titov oil fields. Total recoverable reserves and oil resources from these fields are 89.73 million tons in C1 category, 50.33 million tons in C2 category and 59.29 million tons in category C3.^[36][37][38]

Foreign projects[edit]

The operator of Lukoil’s foreign projects in the exploration and production sector is its subsidiary, Lukoil Overseas.

Lukoil is involved in the implementation of 16 projects for the exploration and development of structures and deposits in the following countries:

• Azerbaijan (D-222 (Yalama), Shah-Deniz)
• Kazakhstan (Tengiz, Karachaganak, Kumkol, Karakuduk, Northern Buzachi, Alibekmola, Kozhasai, Arman, Zhambai South, Atash, Tyub-Karagan);
• Uzbekistan (Kandym-Khauzak-Shady-Kungrad, Aral, Kungrad, South-West Gissar)
• Egypt (Meleiha, West Esh-El-Mallah, West Geisum, Northeast Geisum)^[39]
• Iraq (West Qurna-2)
• Iran (Anaran);
• Colombia (the Condor project in conjunction with the Colombian state company Ecopetrol)
• Ivory Coast (production sharing agreement on the offshore block CI-205 in the Gulf of Guinea)
• Venezuela (Junin Block 3)
• Saudi Arabia
• Ghana (Cape Three Points Deepwater)
• Romania
• Cameroon (Etinde floating LNG project)^[40]

The extraction of hydrocarbons from all the above projects is carried out only in Kazakhstan (5.5 million tons of oil and 1.9 billion cubic meters in 2006) and Egypt (0.2 million tons).

Oil and gas processing[edit]

Lukoil owns seven oil-processing companies in Eastern Europe with total capacity of 82.1 million tons per year. In Russia it owns large refineries in Volgograd, Perm, Nizhny Novgorod, and Ukhta refineries and mini-refineries in Uray and Kogalym. It also owns refineries in Bulgaria, Romania, and Italy, and has a 45%-stake in an oil refining complex in the Netherlands.^[41] In 2020, the company was also in talks to reconstruct a refinery plant in Cameroon, which belongs to Cameroon’s national refining company, Sonara.^[42]

Country	Name	Location	Launched	Acquired	Capacity, mln tpa
	Lukoil-Nizhegorodnefteorgsintez	Kstovo	1958	2000	15.0
	Lukoil-Permnefteorgsintez	Perm	1958	1991	12.0
	Lukoil-Volgogradneftepererabotka	Volgograd	1957	1991	9.9
	Lukoil-Ukhtaneftepererabotka	Ukhta	1934	2000	3.7
	Lukoil Neftochim Burgas	Burgas	1964	1999	7.5
	Petrotel Lukoil Refinery	Ploieşti	1904	1998	2.4
	ISAB	Priolo Gargallo	1975	2008*	16.0
	Zeeland Refinery (share with TRN)	Vlissingen	1973	2009*	7.9*

* – 49% and 45% shares respectively

Speaking at a press conference in New York on October 18, 2006, the company’s CEO Vagit Alekperov said Lukoil is refusing to build a new refinery in Russia. According to him, «at this stage it is inexpedient and economically inefficient.» At the same time, Lukoil planned to build a large complex in Kalmykia for the processing of natural gas from the North Caspian fields worth over $3 billion. The work was supposed to start in the spring of 2008. Also in March 2007, Lukoil announced it would expand the capacity in the Lukoil Neftochim Burgas refinery in Burgas, Bulgaria from 7.5 million tons to 10 million tons of oil per year.^[43][44]

Petrochemistry[edit]

The subsidiary company Lukoil-Neftekhim specializes in petrochemistry, and operates the Stavrolen (Budyonnovsk), Saratovorgsintez, and the Karpatneftekhim (Kalush, Ukraine) petrochemical plants. Petrochemical facilities are also part of the Neftochim Burgas Combine in Bulgaria. «Lukoil» is the largest producer of alkene and acrylonitrile in Eastern Europe. Together with Sibur, Lukoil-Neftekhim owns a controlling stake in the Polief plant.

Transportation[edit]

Transportation of oil produced by Lukoil in Russia is carried out for the most part by the pipelines of Transneft, as well as by rail and water transport. Oil produced at the company’s fields in Kazakhstan is transported through pipelines such as the Caspian Pipeline Consortium.

Lukoil owns a number of oil and oil products terminals used for the export of oil and oil products:

• The terminal near Varandey off of the Barents Sea with a capacity of 12.5 million tons of oil a year is used for shipment of oil produced in the Timan-Pechora Basin.^[45]

Sales[edit]

Lukoil sells petrol in 59 regions of Russia and in 17 other countries, both CIS and Western: Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium (through its subsidiary Jet until late 2008, since rebranded to Lukoil), Bulgaria, Croatia (operated by Lukoil Croatia, but under the brand name «Europa-Mil»), Finland (Teboil), Georgia, Italy, Luxembourg, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Turkey and the United States. As of January 2014, it had 166 tank farms and 5,867 filling stations.^[46]

Power generation[edit]

Lukoil has the aggregate power generation capacity of 5,800 MW, of which 73% is for commercial use. Lukoil generates about 99% of electrical power of the Astrakhan Oblast and 62% of the Krasnodar Krai. Its main power generation subsidiaries are Lukoil-Volgogradenergo, Lukoil-Rostovenergo, Luikoil-Kubanenergo, Lukoil-Astrakhanenergo, and Lukoil-Stavropolenergo.^[47]

Lukoil operates two solar power plants at its own refineries in Romania and Bulgaria with respective capacity of 9 MW and 1.3 MW.^[47] A 10-MW solar plant is under construction at the Volgograd Refinery.^[48] It also owns an 84-MW wind farm in Topolog, Romania.^[49]

[edit]

Lukoil has been titular sponsor of FC Spartak Moscow since 2000. In August 2022, the company acquired ownership of the club (100% of the shares) along with the Otkritie Arena stadium.^[51]

In particular, the company sponsors the Volgograd water polo club Lukoil-Spartak. Lukoil also sponsors the Russian Olympic Committee and is one of the founders of the Russian Olympians Support Fund. In February 2014, Lukoil signed an agreement with the government of Arkhangelsk Oblast about supporting Vodnik.^[52]

Corporate affairs[edit]

Shareholders[edit]

In July 2010, the top managers of the company owned the largest stake (more than 30%) of the company’s shares: CEO Vagit Alekperov owning 20.6% and vice-president Leonid Fedun owning 9.8%. The American oil company ConocoPhillips owned 19.21% but due to financial difficulties, completely withdrew from the shareholders of Lukoil, selling its shares, and in part to Lukoil itself by February 2011. The remaining shares were freely traded on the London Stock Exchange, the Frankfurt Stock Exchange, the Russian Trading System, and the Moscow Interbank Currency Exchange. Market capitalization of the company was $60.4 billion as of June 2018.

Management[edit]

Chief executive officer[edit]

• 1993–2022: Vagit Alekperov
• 2022–present: Vadim Vorobyev

Board of Directors[edit]

List of directors that were elected on June 21, 2018:^[53]

• Vagit Alekperov — CEO^[54]
• Ravil Maganov, Chairman of the Board
• Victor Blazheev
• Lyubov Khoba
• Leonid Fedun
• Sergey Shatalov
• Pavel Teplukhin
• Boris Porfiryev

Invasion in Ukraine 2022[edit]

In March 2022, Toby Gati, Roger Munnings and Wolfgang Schüssel left the board of directors due to International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War.^[55]

During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Ravil Maganov criticised the Russian attack on Ukraine. September 1, 2022 he was found dead outside his hospital window the day that President Putin visited the hospital. Nearby video cameras had been turned off. The company has acknowledged the death in a statement saying that Ravil Maganov: «passed away following a severe illness».^[56]

Subsidiaries[edit]

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2018)

The company «Lukoil» owns controlling stakes or otherwise controls the following main organizations:

Environmental record[edit]

According to Lukoil, their numbers in 2007 recorded a drop of 7.8% in the volume of pollutant effects and a drop of 3.8% in the area of contaminated lands compared to 2006. These numbers came after an appeal from EMERCON, the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Natural Disaster Recovery, which proposed that Lukoil participate in the development of monitoring, prevention, and emergency recovery systems.^[57]

In an effort to increase productivity, Lukoil organized a contract to begin an oil pumping block in the Azerbaijani sector of the Caspian Sea. It arranged an Environmental Impact Assessment of the drill site in order to organize a second exploration drill. This block, D-222, was the largest prospective structure in the north-east section of the Caspian Sea as of 2008.^[58] The key issue was to assess how much damage the oil block would inflict on local fish populations. Taking into account the depth of the operation, around 700 meters, the amount of harm was projected to be minimal, with the majority of the damaged marine life being plankton and benthos. A rescue and salvage ship would be stationed there to mitigate the environmental effects on the area. Lukoil would develop contingency plans for oil spills and implement an environmental monitoring system.^[59]

At the same time, Lukoil faces criticism from various environmental organizations. In particular, the company’s oil production in the Baltic Sea near Kaliningrad Oblast was criticized as it is 22 kilometers away from the Curonian Spit, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.^[60]

According to a number of critics, Lukoil inherited the worst standards of the Soviet oil industry with respect to the environment, not taking enough responsibility to minimize pollution in its oil fields and refineries.^[61]

Lukoil has been ranked as among the 14th best of 92 oil, gas, and mining companies on indigenous rights and resource extraction in the Arctic.^[62]

In the Arctic Environmental Responsibility Index (AERI) Lukoil is ranked no. 37 out of 120 oil, gas, and mining companies involved in resource extraction north of the Arctic Circle.^[63]

Controversies[edit]

Environmental incidents[edit]

On one of the storage ponds of JSC «Lukoil-Volgograd-neftepererabotka» during the period from July 25 to August 8, 1996, the oil sludge was ignited due to the unacceptable conduct of welding operations. The surface layer of oil products was formed during the last two decades, and a similar ignition in this area was already noted in 1972. As a result of the 1996 fire, about 50,000 tons of oil products were burned, since even the soil was saturated with volatile fractions at this site. Where the fire was first lit, the concentration of carbon monoxide exceeded the permissible standards by almost 28 times, nitrogen dioxide tripled, hydrogen sulfide and phenol more than 1.5 times. In the residential areas of the Krasnoarmeysky district of Volgograd, located 7 km from the fire, as well as in the nearby settlements — B. and M. Chapurnik, Dubov Gully, Chervlen, Tingut — the content of combustion products in the air also exceeded the maximum permissible concentration. In the liquidation of this major technogenic emergency situation with severe environmental consequences, the divisions of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia took part.^[64][65]

In the fall of 2003, the Russian Emergencies Ministry revealed the oil spill as a result of the depressurization of the interfacial oil pipeline belonging to the TPP Lukoil-Usinskneftegaz on the territory of the Komi Republic near the city of Usinsk. The area of oil pollution in one case was about 1.8 thousand m², in the second — 377 m².^[66]

On January 25, 2011 at about 10:00 (local time), as a result of oil leakage in the engine room LGPZ (CCI «Langepasneftegaz»), there was a fire. Fire extinguished more than 50 fighter. The plant suspended its work.^{[citation needed]}

On April 20, 2012, at the Trebs field, developed jointly by Lukoil and Bashneft, there was an accident that caused significant damage to the natural environment: over a day, continued flowing of oil from the re-opened well, which led to large-scale contamination of the territory. According to the press service of the administration of the Nenets Autonomous District, the contamination area exceeded 5 thousand square meters, the volume of spilled oil, according to Bashneft, was 600 tonnes (in independent sources numbers were up to 2.2 thousand tonnes).^[67][68][69]

On May 11, 2021, a leakage was identified in a pipeline connected to Lukoil’s Oshkoye field. The spill was estimated at 100 tons of oil, yet environmentalists argued that 100 tons is an underestimate. The spill had infiltrated the Kolva river and traveled upstream, affecting the river habitats. Russia’s Northwest Komi Republic declared emergency. The damage was estimated at $4.1 billion.^[70][71]

Ukrainian investigation[edit]

In January 2015, the Security Service of Ukraine announced an investigation into whether Lukoil had financed separatists in Donbas.^[72]

Antitrust law violations[edit]

In November 2009, the Federal Antimonopoly Service of Russia (FAS) imposed a record fine of ₽6.54 billion on the company for violating antitrust legislation. The fine was imposed for the abuse of the company’s dominant position in the wholesale market of petroleum products in the first half of 2009, expressed in «the seizure of goods from circulation» and the creation of «discriminatory conditions for the sale of petroleum products to individual counterparties». As FAS has calculated, these actions led to an increase in prices in the wholesale markets of motor gasoline, diesel fuel, and aviation kerosene in the first half of 2009.^[73]

Cambridge Analytica[edit]

In March 2018, the data firm Cambridge Analytica, tied to the 2016 Trump Campaign, was accused of discussing «political targeting» of American voters with representatives of Lukoil.^[74] “Cambridge Analytica sought to identify mental and emotional characteristics in certain subsets of the American population and worked to exploit them by designing them to activate some of the worst vulnerabilities in people, such as neuroticism, paranoia and racial biases,” whistleblower Christopher Wylie told the Senate Judiciary Committee in 2018.^[75] With Lukoil, the consulting firm shared election disruption strategies, which included videos and posters intended to demoralise and alarm voters.^[76] Lukoil is on the Sectoral Sanctions Identifications list, has been linked to Russian influence in the past, and CEO Vagit Alekperov, a former oil minister, had made statements suggesting that he considers helping Russia to be a strong political ambition.^[76][77]

VP driving accident[edit]

On February 25, 2011, Lukoil’s vice president Anatoliy Barkov crashed his Mercedes S500 into a Citroën C3 car with doctor Olga Alexandrina and famous obstetrician Vera M. Sidelnikova inside; both women died in the collision. The General Administration for Traffic Safety blamed the driver of the Citroën but it was suggested the administration was covering up that the real culprit of the accident was the driver of the Mercedes, who, according to eyewitnesses, was driving around a traffic jam and went into the oncoming lane. There is also some speculation that the driver of the Mercedes was the vice-president of Lukoil himself. A few days after the accident, the Head of the State Traffic Safety Inspectorate of Moscow issued a notice of misconduct to the commander of the Traffic Police battalion who registered the accident on Leninsky Avenue because he had prematurely called the driver of the Citroën, Olga Alexandrin, the culprit of the accident. The incident caused a public reaction, in particular, a boycott of this company’s gas stations was organized. Blogger Andrei Bocharov announced a mock advertisement of Lukoil based on this accident, and rapper Noize MC wrote the song «Mercedes S666 (Make Way for the Chariot)».^{[78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86]}

Bulgarian license[edit]

In July 2011, Lukoil had a conflict with Bulgarian authorities. According to the latter, the company’s Bourgas refinery did not have timely installed meters for the manufactured fuel (used to determine the amount of excises paid), which, according to officials, Lukoil allegedly underpaid about €250 million to the country’s budget. As a result, the company lost its license and was stopped, but in early August 2011 the plant was re-launched.^[87]

Sanctions[edit]

On 11 September 2014, US President Obama said that the United States would join the EU in imposing tougher sanctions on Russia’s financial, energy and defence sectors, following the escalation of Russo-Ukrainian War.^[88] The U.S. added Lukoil to the Sectoral Sanctions Identifications list on September 12, 2014.^[89][77]

The effect of sanctions in 2022 against shipped Russian oil has had a detrimental effect on the Priolo Gargallo ISAB refinery in Sicily with an inability to bring in oil from Russia and related cash flow finance problems.^[90] This has resulted in the refinery being put under Italian trusteeship with a buyer being sought.^[91]

Criticism[edit]

• The Association of Small and Medium-Sized Oil Production Enterprises, also known as Assoneft, criticized Lukoil and the authorities of the Komi Republic for providing tax breaks to the oil companies of the region, which are obliged to extract at least 7 million tons of oil per year and (or) recycle at least 3 million tons. Only two enterprises–Lukoil-Komi and Lukoil-Ukhtaneftepererabotka–correspond to these conditions in the region. In March 2007, the Federal Antimonopoly Service initiated a case against the State Council of the Komi on the grounds of violation of Part 1 of Art. 15 of the Law «On Protection of Competition» with regard to restricting competition in the oil production and refining markets.^[92][93]
• In October 2005, then-prime minister of Lithuania, Algirdas Brazauskas, was in the center of the scandal involving Lukoil. The opposition of the Lithuanian parliament, Homeland Union, began collecting signatures for the creation of a parliamentary commission to investigate the entrepreneurial activity of Brazauskas’ wife, Christina Butrimene-Brazauskiene, in particular with the acquisition of a 38% stake in the elite Vilnius Crowne Plaza hotel from the wife of the head of the Lukoil-Baltija company. The charges were related to Lukoil’s contention at that time for a stake in one of the largest enterprises in Lithuania, the oil refinery ORLEN Lietuva, part of Polish energy company ORLEN. Brazauskas rejected allegations of corruption, but admitted his wife owns 51% of the hotel shares, and another 48% belong to his son. On November 22, at the insistence of the country’s president Valdas Adamkus, Algirdas Brazauskas spoke on television, saying he was not involved in the privatization of the hotel, and that all charges should be considered by law enforcement bodies, not by the parliamentary commission.^[94]
• On September 14, 2012, more than fifty Lukoil gas station owners in New Jersey and Pennsylvania temporarily raised their prices to over $8 a gallon to protest Lukoil’s wholesale gas pricing. The owners are typically charged a wholesale price that is 5 to 10 cents a gallon more than their competitors and some are assessed an additional 25 to 30 cents per gallon based on their location.^[95] According to the station owners this makes it difficult to be competitive with stations that sell more established brands for lower prices.
• In March 2016, there were accusations by the press of the company not acquiring rights to part of the Massandra vineyards in Crimea.^[96][97]

See also[edit]

• List of companies of Russia
• Petroleum industry of Russia
• Companies of comparable role
  • Exxon-Mobil
  • Shell plc
• 2022 Russian businessmen suspicious deaths

References[edit]

External links[edit]

Крупнейшей нефтяной компанией в России является ‘ЛУКойл‘.
The main Russian oil company is LUKoil.

Близкий советник Земана руководил отделением российской нефтяной компании «Лукойл».
Zeman’s close adviser ran the office of Lukoil, the Russian oil company.

В плюсе закрылись рублевые котировки экспортеров сырья — ЛУКОЙЛ, Норникель, Северсталь.
Export-oriented ruble names such as Lukoil, Norilsk Nickel and Severstal ended in positive territory.

Санкции также затронули компании «Газпром», «Газпром нефть», ЛУКОЙЛ, «Роснефть» и «Сургутнефтегаз».
It also impacts Gazprom, Gazpromneft, Lukoil, Rosneft, and Surgutneftegas.

Я видела в Новгороде бензоколонки ЛукОйл (одной из крупнейших частных нефтяных компаний).
In Novgorod I saw LukOil (one of Russia’s big private oil companies) petrol stations.

Но BP не предлагает крупнейшей российской частной нефтяной компании ЛУКОЙЛ купить их.
But BP has not offered to sell any of those to Lukoil, Russia’s premier oil company.

ЛУКОЙЛ уже экспериментирует на Баженовских образованиях в Западной Сибири, которые обладают «огромными запасами жидких углеводородов», — заявил он.
Lukoil already is experimenting in the Bazhenov formation in West Siberia, which has “huge resources of liquid hydrocarbons,” he said.

В результате этого конфликта были введены санкции против таких российских энергетических компаний как «Газпром», «Роснефть» и «Лукойл».
The dispute has led to sanctions against Russian energy firms like Gazprom, Rosneft and Lukoil.

Если не считать «Лукойл» и урановую шахту, Россия для американцев — не более чем фикция и плод воображения.
Other than Lukoil and a uranium mine, Russia only exists in the U.S. as a figment of some people’s wild imaginations.

«Сливки сверху уже сняты, — говорит миллиардер Леонид Федун, работающий вице-президентом второй по величине российской нефтяной компании «Лукойл«.
“The cream has been skimmed off the top,” said Leonid Fedun, the billionaire deputy chief executive officer of Lukoil, Russia’s second-largest oil company.

Когда бензоколонки ЛукОйл выглядят одинаково в центре Москвы и в отдаленной Сибири, это означает нечто новое и, согласна, революционное.
When LukOil stations look the same in central Moscow and remote Siberia, it means something new and, yes, revolutionary.

ConocoPhilips – стратегический партнер российской компании ЛУКОЙЛ – мог бы стать потенциальным источником специальных знаний в области добычи сверхтяжелых сортов нефти.
ConocoPhillips (COP — news — people), strategic partner of Russia’s Lukoil, would have been a potential source for extra heavy crude oil technology.

ЛУКОЙЛ стал первопроходцем в подобных сделках, когда компания ConocoPhillips (COP) получила долю в компании, порой доходившую аж до 20%.
Lukoil pioneered such transactions, with ConocoPhillips (COP) taking a stake that at one point reached 20 percent.

«Ренессанс» рекомендует инвесторам, не интересующимся ETF, обратить внимание на Сбербанк, Аэрофлот, Газпром, Лукойл и ФосАгро, а также на другие компании.
Renaissance recommended non-ETF investors to look at Sberbank, Aeroflot, Gazprom, Lukoil and PhosAgro to name a few.

В лидерах падения — ЛУКОЙЛ (-3,5%), компания была среди лучших акций нефтегазового сектора в начале года — возможно, было закрытие позиций.
The top decliners included Lukoil (-3.5%), a name that has been one of the best-performing oil and gas stocks YTD, as players may have opted to close positions.

На фоне существенного удорожания нефти спросом пользовались бумаги нефтегазового сектора: ЛУКОЙЛ (+4,5%), Роснефть (+2,8%) и Татнефть (+3,5%).
Oil and gas names saw strong demand amid rallying oil prices, including Lukoil (+4.5%), Rosneft (+2.8%) and Tatneft (+3.5%).

Наряду с компанией «Роснефть» в санкционный список попали такие компании, акции которых широко торгуются, как «Газпром», «Лукойл», «Сбербанк» и Банк ВТБ.
Other than Rosneft, widely traded companies like Gazprom, Lukoil, Sberbank and VTB Bank have all be sanctioned.

В последнее время » Лукойл » осуществила целый ряд стратегических приобретений за рубежом, которые помогли компании занять ведущее место на некоторых ключевых рынках.
Lukoil has made a number of recent strategic acquisitions abroad, which have helped the company secure a prominent presence in some of its key markets.

лукойл

На основании Вашего запроса эти примеры могут содержать грубую лексику.

На основании Вашего запроса эти примеры могут содержать разговорную лексику.

Перевод «ЛУКОйл» на английский

Что касается России, то «ЛУКОйл» поставляет бензин более, чем для двух тысяч предприятий в тринадцати штатах США.

As for Russia, Lukoil sells gasoline in over 2,000 facilities in 13 U.S. states.

Рано или поздно Лукойл будет вынужден изменить свою политику.

Sooner or later, Lukoil will have to change its politics.

ЛУКОЙЛ всерьез нацелился на развитие блока нефтегазохимии.

LUKOIL has seriously set its sights on the development of a petrochemical chemistry block.

Правительство также должно продать 6% акций компании ЛУКОЙЛ иностранным инвесторам.

The government is also to sell 6 per cent of Lukoil to foreign investors.

В дальнейшем «Лукойл» разместит свои заправки по всей стране.

In the future, Lukoil will place its gas stations throughout the country.

Инициалы трех компаний слились в названии Лукойл.

The initials of the three companies are preserved in the name LUKoil.

Ресурсы на других месторождениях Лукойл также ограничены.

Resources in other Lukoil oil fields are also limited.

ЛУКОЙЛ гордится достижениями спортсменов и верит в их потенциал и перспективность.

LUKOIL takes pride in the accomplishments of the athletes and puts faith in their potential and prospects.

Мы больше не хотим мириться с хищнической эксплуатацией наших недр и экологической безответственностью компании ЛУКОЙЛ.

We are no longer willing to tolerate the predatory exploitation of our mineral resources and the environmental irresponsibility of LUKOIL.

Розничная продажа нефтепродуктов осуществляется по большей части под торговой маркой Лукойл.

Retail sale of oil products is carried out for the most part under the trademark Lukoil.

С 1997 года 70 акций принадлежали компании ЛУКОЙЛ.

Seventy per cent of the shares have belonged to the company LUKoil since 1997.

ЛУКОЙЛ уделяет особое внимание нематериальному вознаграждению своих работников.

LUKOIL pays great attention to non-financial remuneration of its employees.

Кроме этого, ЛУКОЙЛ изучает возможность внедрения подобных методик управления в нефтепереработке.

Additionally, LUKOIL is looking at the possibility of introducing similar management techniques to the oil-refining sector.

ЛУКОЙЛ активно участвует в социальной жизни региона.

LUKOIL is an active participant in the social life of the region.

ЛУКОЙЛ стабильно выполняет все свои обязательства, что подтверждается оценкой партнеров.

LUKOIL is very scrupulous about fulfilment of its obligations, which is supported by the assessment of its partners.

ЛУКОЙЛ имеет 10% долю в месторождении.

LUKOIL owns 10 per cent of the gas field.

Заводы ЛУКОЙЛ располагают современными конверсионными и облагораживающими мощностями и выпускают широкий спектр качественных нефтепродуктов.

LUKOIL’s plants have cutting-edge conversion and reforming capacities, and produce a wide range of high quality petroleum products.

В настоящий момент ЛУКОЙЛ на 100% обеспечивает потребности индустриального гиганта в маслах международных спецификаций.

Currently, LUKOIL covers 100 percent of the industrial giant’s demand for lubricants certified as per international specifications.

ЛУКОЙЛ обозначил стратегической целью увеличение коэффициента извлечения нефти до 40%.

A strategic goal, LUKOIL emphasized, is to raise the oil recovery factor to 40%.

За время работы на энергетическом рынке ЛУКОЙЛ приобрел репутацию надежного поставщика нефтепродуктов.

Over the years of work at the energy market LUKOIL has won the reputation of a reliable petroleum product supplier.

Ничего не найдено для этого значения.

Результатов: 3114. Точных совпадений: 3114. Затраченное время: 57 мс

Documents

Корпоративные решения

Спряжение

Синонимы

Корректор

Справка и о нас

Индекс слова: 1-300, 301-600, 601-900

Индекс выражения: 1-400, 401-800, 801-1200

Индекс фразы: 1-400, 401-800, 801-1200

Морфемный разбор слова:

Однокоренные слова к слову:

лукойл

1 Лукойл

2 Лукойл

См. также в других словарях:

ЛУКОЙЛ — ЛУКОЙЛ, российская акционерная нефтяная компания (крупнейшая в России); образована в 1991. В 1991 постановлением Совета Министров СССР создан государственный нефтяной концерн «ЛангепасУрайКогалымнефть» (Лукойл), объединяющий предприятия отрасли… … Энциклопедический словарь

лукойл — сущ., кол во синонимов: 1 • компания (88) Словарь синонимов ASIS. В.Н. Тришин. 2013 … Словарь синонимов

ЛУКойл — Лангепас, Урай, Когалым (главные города нефтедобычи) + ойл (англ. oil, нефть) в названии нефтяной компании http://www.lukoil.ru/​ англ., организация, энерг … Словарь сокращений и аббревиатур

Лукойл — (Lukoil) Компания Лукойл, история компании, добыча и продажи Компания Лукойл, история компании, добыча и продажи, акционеры и руководство Содержание Содержание Общая о ОАО «» История основание фирмы ОАО «Лукойл» Акционеры и руководство… … Энциклопедия инвестора

ЛУКойл — ОАО «Нефтяная компания „ЛУКОЙЛ“» Тип Открытое акционерное общество Листинг на бирже … Википедия

Лукойл — ОАО «Нефтяная компания „Лукойл“» Тип … Википедия

ЛУКОЙЛ — ОАО «Нефтяная компания „ЛУКОЙЛ“» Год основания 1991 Ключевые фигуры Валерий Грайфер (председатель совета директоров) Вагит Алекперов (президент) Тип … Википедия

Лукойл — Лук, Лукоша. (Словарь имен собственных – названия компаний) … Словарь бизнес-сленга

ЛУКОЙЛ-ИНФОРМ — OOO «ЛУКОЙЛ ИНФОРМ» Тип Общество с ограниченной ответственностью Девиз компании Движение информации энергия бизнеса Год основания 1993 Расположение … Википедия

Лукойл-Волгограднефтепереработка — Лукойл Волгограднефтепереработка предприятие топливно масляного профиля в г. Волгограде [1], введёно в строй в 1957 г., входит в состав ОАО «ЛУКОЙЛ» с 1991 г. Нефть на завод поступает по нефтепроводу Самара Тихорецк. При отгрузке… … Википедия

Лукойл-Спартак — Страна Россия … Википедия

Источник

lukoil

1 Lukoil

См. также в других словарях:

LUKOIL — Logo de Open JSC Oil Company LUKOIL ОАО «Нефтяная компания «ЛУКОЙЛ» Création 1991 Personnages clés Vagit Alekperov PDG, Valérie Grifer (président du conseil de la direction) … Wikipédia en Français

LUKoil — Logo de Open JSC Oil Company LUKOIL ОАО «Нефтяная компания «ЛУКОЙЛ» Création 1991 Personnages clés Vagit Alekperov PDG, Valérie Grifer (président du conseil de la direction) … Wikipédia en Français

Lukoil — (russisch ЛУКОЙЛ) Rechtsform Offene Aktiengesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft (Russland) ISIN … Deutsch Wikipedia

LUKoil — ЛУКойл Tipo Sociedad Anónima Fundación 1991 Sede Moscú … Wikipedia Español

Lukoil — Logo de Lukoil Création 1991 Personnages clés Vagit Alekperov PDG, Valéry Grifer (président du conseil de la direction) … Wikipédia en Français

LUKoil — Infobox Company company name = Open JSC Oil Company LUKoil ОАО «Нефтяная компания «ЛУКОЙЛ» company company type = Public (RTS|LKOH) company slogan = Always Moving Forward photo = sdsd.jpg foundation = 1991 location = flagicon|Russia Moscow,… … Wikipedia

Lukoil — Founded in 1991 through the merger of the firms Langepasneftegaz, Uraineftegaz, and Kogalymneftegaz, Lukoil is Russia’s largest company and its largest producer of oil. It is the world’s secondlargest publicly traded company in terms of proven … Historical Dictionary of the Russian Federation

LUKoil-Avia — (En ruso: ЛУКойл Авиа) es una aerolínea basada en el Aeropuerto Internacional Moscu Sheremetyevo en Moscu, Rusia. Es propiedad de la empresa petrolera LUKoil, que es la mayor explotadora de petróleo en Rusia. Se fundo el 27 de Septiembre de 1994… … Wikipedia Español

LUKOIL Neftochim Burgas — The LUKOIL Neftochim refinery LUKOIL Neftochim Burgas (ЛУКОЙЛ Нефтохим Бургас), based in Burgas, Bulgaria, is the largest oil refinery in Southeastern Europe and the largest industrial enterprise in Bulgaria. Owned by Russian oil giant LUKOIL,… … Wikipedia

Lukoil Academic — Academic Sofia Lukoil Academic Club fondé en 1947 Couleur … Wikipédia en Français

Источник

lukoil

1 Lukoil

См. также в других словарях:

LUKOIL — Logo de Open JSC Oil Company LUKOIL ОАО «Нефтяная компания «ЛУКОЙЛ» Création 1991 Personnages clés Vagit Alekperov PDG, Valérie Grifer (président du conseil de la direction) … Wikipédia en Français

LUKoil — Logo de Open JSC Oil Company LUKOIL ОАО «Нефтяная компания «ЛУКОЙЛ» Création 1991 Personnages clés Vagit Alekperov PDG, Valérie Grifer (président du conseil de la direction) … Wikipédia en Français

Lukoil — (russisch ЛУКОЙЛ) Rechtsform Offene Aktiengesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft (Russland) ISIN … Deutsch Wikipedia

LUKoil — ЛУКойл Tipo Sociedad Anónima Fundación 1991 Sede Moscú … Wikipedia Español

Lukoil — Logo de Lukoil Création 1991 Personnages clés Vagit Alekperov PDG, Valéry Grifer (président du conseil de la direction) … Wikipédia en Français

LUKoil — Infobox Company company name = Open JSC Oil Company LUKoil ОАО «Нефтяная компания «ЛУКОЙЛ» company company type = Public (RTS|LKOH) company slogan = Always Moving Forward photo = sdsd.jpg foundation = 1991 location = flagicon|Russia Moscow,… … Wikipedia

Lukoil — Founded in 1991 through the merger of the firms Langepasneftegaz, Uraineftegaz, and Kogalymneftegaz, Lukoil is Russia’s largest company and its largest producer of oil. It is the world’s secondlargest publicly traded company in terms of proven … Historical Dictionary of the Russian Federation

LUKoil-Avia — (En ruso: ЛУКойл Авиа) es una aerolínea basada en el Aeropuerto Internacional Moscu Sheremetyevo en Moscu, Rusia. Es propiedad de la empresa petrolera LUKoil, que es la mayor explotadora de petróleo en Rusia. Se fundo el 27 de Septiembre de 1994… … Wikipedia Español

LUKOIL Neftochim Burgas — The LUKOIL Neftochim refinery LUKOIL Neftochim Burgas (ЛУКОЙЛ Нефтохим Бургас), based in Burgas, Bulgaria, is the largest oil refinery in Southeastern Europe and the largest industrial enterprise in Bulgaria. Owned by Russian oil giant LUKOIL,… … Wikipedia

Lukoil Academic — Academic Sofia Lukoil Academic Club fondé en 1947 Couleur … Wikipédia en Français

Источник

ЛУКойл

в названии нефтяной компании

англ., организация, энерг.

Смотреть что такое «ЛУКойл» в других словарях:

ЛУКОЙЛ — ЛУКОЙЛ, российская акционерная нефтяная компания (крупнейшая в России); образована в 1991. В 1991 постановлением Совета Министров СССР создан государственный нефтяной концерн «ЛангепасУрайКогалымнефть» (Лукойл), объединяющий предприятия отрасли… … Энциклопедический словарь

лукойл — сущ., кол во синонимов: 1 • компания (88) Словарь синонимов ASIS. В.Н. Тришин. 2013 … Словарь синонимов

Лукойл — (Lukoil) Компания Лукойл, история компании, добыча и продажи Компания Лукойл, история компании, добыча и продажи, акционеры и руководство Содержание Содержание Общая о ОАО «» История основание фирмы ОАО «Лукойл» Акционеры и руководство… … Энциклопедия инвестора

ЛУКойл — ОАО «Нефтяная компания „ЛУКОЙЛ“» Тип Открытое акционерное общество Листинг на бирже … Википедия

Лукойл — ОАО «Нефтяная компания „Лукойл“» Тип … Википедия

ЛУКОЙЛ — ОАО «Нефтяная компания „ЛУКОЙЛ“» Год основания 1991 Ключевые фигуры Валерий Грайфер (председатель совета директоров) Вагит Алекперов (президент) Тип … Википедия

Лукойл — Лук, Лукоша. (Словарь имен собственных – названия компаний) … Словарь бизнес-сленга

ЛУКОЙЛ-ИНФОРМ — OOO «ЛУКОЙЛ ИНФОРМ» Тип Общество с ограниченной ответственностью Девиз компании Движение информации энергия бизнеса Год основания 1993 Расположение … Википедия

Лукойл-Волгограднефтепереработка — Лукойл Волгограднефтепереработка предприятие топливно масляного профиля в г. Волгограде [1], введёно в строй в 1957 г., входит в состав ОАО «ЛУКОЙЛ» с 1991 г. Нефть на завод поступает по нефтепроводу Самара Тихорецк. При отгрузке… … Википедия

Лукойл-Спартак — Страна Россия … Википедия

Источник

ЛУКойл

1 Лукойл

2 Лукойл

См. также в других словарях:

ЛУКОЙЛ — ЛУКОЙЛ, российская акционерная нефтяная компания (крупнейшая в России); образована в 1991. В 1991 постановлением Совета Министров СССР создан государственный нефтяной концерн «ЛангепасУрайКогалымнефть» (Лукойл), объединяющий предприятия отрасли… … Энциклопедический словарь

лукойл — сущ., кол во синонимов: 1 • компания (88) Словарь синонимов ASIS. В.Н. Тришин. 2013 … Словарь синонимов

ЛУКойл — Лангепас, Урай, Когалым (главные города нефтедобычи) + ойл (англ. oil, нефть) в названии нефтяной компании http://www.lukoil.ru/​ англ., организация, энерг … Словарь сокращений и аббревиатур

Лукойл — (Lukoil) Компания Лукойл, история компании, добыча и продажи Компания Лукойл, история компании, добыча и продажи, акционеры и руководство Содержание Содержание Общая о ОАО «» История основание фирмы ОАО «Лукойл» Акционеры и руководство… … Энциклопедия инвестора

ЛУКойл — ОАО «Нефтяная компания „ЛУКОЙЛ“» Тип Открытое акционерное общество Листинг на бирже … Википедия

Лукойл — ОАО «Нефтяная компания „Лукойл“» Тип … Википедия

ЛУКОЙЛ — ОАО «Нефтяная компания „ЛУКОЙЛ“» Год основания 1991 Ключевые фигуры Валерий Грайфер (председатель совета директоров) Вагит Алекперов (президент) Тип … Википедия

Лукойл — Лук, Лукоша. (Словарь имен собственных – названия компаний) … Словарь бизнес-сленга

ЛУКОЙЛ-ИНФОРМ — OOO «ЛУКОЙЛ ИНФОРМ» Тип Общество с ограниченной ответственностью Девиз компании Движение информации энергия бизнеса Год основания 1993 Расположение … Википедия

Лукойл-Волгограднефтепереработка — Лукойл Волгограднефтепереработка предприятие топливно масляного профиля в г. Волгограде [1], введёно в строй в 1957 г., входит в состав ОАО «ЛУКОЙЛ» с 1991 г. Нефть на завод поступает по нефтепроводу Самара Тихорецк. При отгрузке… … Википедия

Лукойл-Спартак — Страна Россия … Википедия

Источник

Предложения со словом «lukoil»

Baltic Fuel Company supplies high-quality fuel produced by ROSNEFT Oil Company, LUKOIL Oil Company, Gazprom neft, TATNEFT, Magma and others.	Люди — главный ресурс нашей Компании. Мы дорожим нашими сотрудниками и уделяем большое внимание организации их труда.
Since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1990, Russia has been involved in developing the energy industry in Iran through Russian companies Gazprom and Lukoil.	С момента распада Советского Союза в 1990 году Россия участвовала в развитии энергетической отрасли в Иране через российские компании «Газпром» и «Лукойл».
West Siberian projects aimed to boost the region’s output, such as Imilor and Trebs-Titov, both developed by OAO Lukoil, are still at the initial production phase, he said.	Нацеленные на увеличение добычи проекты в Западной Сибири, такие как Имилор и Требса — Титова, которые реализует ОАО «Лукойл», пока еще находятся на начальной стадии добычи.
A number of taxes, he tells us, are two and a half times higher than LUKoil’s net profit.	Налоги, по его словам, ‘в два с половиной раза превышают чистую прибыль ‘ЛУКойла».
Novatek, majority state-owned oil company Rosneft, and public Lukoil have been prequalified for the first license round, whose exploration blocs will be auctioned on January 10.	«Новатэк», Роснефть, контрольный пакет которой находится в руках государства, и публичная компания «ЛУКОЙЛ» прошли предварительный отбор для участия в первом раунде по распределению лицензий, и аукцион на проведение разведки на этом участке намечен на 10 января.
The dispute has led to sanctions against Russian energy firms like Gazprom, Rosneft and Lukoil.	В результате этого конфликта были введены санкции против таких российских энергетических компаний как «Газпром», «Роснефть» и «Лукойл».
It also impacts Gazprom, Gazpromneft, Lukoil, Rosneft, and Surgutneftegas.	Санкции также затронули компании «Газпром», «Газпром нефть», ЛУКОЙЛ, «Роснефть» и «Сургутнефтегаз».
Export-oriented ruble names such as Lukoil, Norilsk Nickel and Severstal ended in positive territory.	В плюсе закрылись рублевые котировки экспортеров сырья — ЛУКОЙЛ, Норникель, Северсталь.
Yeltsin pledged some of the most lucrative state companies, such as Yukos, Lukoil, Sibneft, and Norilsk Nickel, as loan collateral with the understanding that the state would default.	В качестве обеспечения кредитов Ельцин пообещал им самые привлекательные государственные компании, такие как ЮКОС, «Лукойл», «Сибнефть» и «Норильский никель», понимая, при этом, что государство не сможет расплатиться по этим долгам.
Lukoil has provided data that, as of 4Q2015, showed that with Urals crude at $100/bbl the net realized price to the company after government taxes take would be $30/bbl.	Скажем, по данным, опубликованным компанией «Лукойл» в четвертом квартале 2015 года, выходило, что при цене на нефть Urals в 100 долларов за баррель, компании после уплаты налогов оставалось 30 долларов за баррель.
“We feel the impact of sanctions, but we need some time for Russia and the industry to adjust,” said Lukoil CEO and founder Vagit Alekperov.	«Мы ощущаем воздействие санкций, однако России и отрасли в целом необходимо некоторое время для того, чтобы приспособиться», — заявил президент и основатель фирмы Вагит Алекперов.
ConocoPhillips (COP — news — people), strategic partner of Russia’s Lukoil, would have been a potential source for extra heavy crude oil technology.	ConocoPhilips – стратегический партнер российской компании ЛУКОЙЛ – мог бы стать потенциальным источником специальных знаний в области добычи сверхтяжелых сортов нефти.
In 2017 companies such as Yota, Lukoil and Hilton Hotels & Resorts brought 6% of Wheely’s annual income.	В 2017 году такие компании, как Yota, Lukoil и Hilton Hotels & Resorts, принесли 6% годового дохода Wheely.
A notable local basketball team is twice European Champions Cup finalist Lukoil Akademik.	Заметной местной баскетбольной командой является двукратный финалист Кубка европейских чемпионов Лукойл Академик.
Gazprom and Lukoil have become increasingly involved in the development of Iranian oil and gas projects.	Газпром и Лукойл все активнее вовлекаются в разработку иранских нефтегазовых проектов.
Russia and Saudi concluded a joint venture between Saudi ARAMCO and LUKOIL to develop new Saudi gas fields.	Там было недавнее посредничество, разрешение споров и соломенный опрос, все это сопровождалось огромными дебатами.