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Makhachkala Махачкала |
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City[1] |
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Top-down, left-to-right: View of Makhachkala, The Government Building of Dagestan, Dagestan State Russian Gorki Drama Theater, Cathedral of Our Lady of the Dormition, the Grand Mosque of Makhachkala, Aerial view of Makhachkala and the Caspian Sea |
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Flag
Coat of arms |
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Location of Makhachkala
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Makhachkala Location of Makhachkala
Makhachkala Makhachkala (European Russia)
Makhachkala Makhachkala (Caspian Sea)
Makhachkala Makhachkala (Caucasus mountains)
Makhachkala Makhachkala (Russia) |
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| Coordinates: 42°58′N 47°29′E / 42.967°N 47.483°ECoordinates: 42°58′N 47°29′E / 42.967°N 47.483°E | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Dagestan |
| Founded | 1844[2] |
| City status since | 1857[2] |
| Government | |
| • Body | Assembly of Deputies |
| • Head | Salman Dadaev[3] |
| Area
[4] |
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| • Total | 468.13 km2 (180.75 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 10 m (30 ft) |
| Population
(2010 Census)[5] |
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| • Total | 572,076 |
| • Estimate
(2018)[6] |
596,356 (+4.2%) |
| • Rank | 27th in 2010 |
| • Density | 1,200/km2 (3,200/sq mi) |
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Administrative status |
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| • Subordinated to | City of Makhachkala[1] |
| • Capital of | Republic of Dagestan[1] |
| • Capital of | City of Makhachkala[1] |
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Municipal status |
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| • Urban okrug | Makhachkala Urban Okrug[7] |
| • Capital of | Makhachkala Urban Okrug[7] |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (MSK  [8]) |
| Postal code(s)[9] |
367000-367999 |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 8722 |
| OKTMO ID | 82701000001 |
| Website | www.mkala.ru |
Makhachkala (Russian: Махачкала, IPA: [məxətɕkɐˈla]),[a] previously known as Petrovskoye (Петровское; 1844–1857) and Port-Petrovsk (Петровск-Порт; 1857–1921), or by the local Kumyk name of Anji,[10] is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Dagestan in Russia. The city is located on the Caspian Sea, covering an area of 468.13 square kilometres (180.75 square miles), with a population of over 603,518 residents,[11] while the urban agglomeration covers over 3,712 square kilometres (1,433 square miles), with a population of roughly 1 million residents. Makhachkala is the fourth-largest city in the Caucasus, the largest city in the North Caucasus and the North Caucasian Federal District, as well as the third-largest city on the Caspian Sea. The city is extremely ethnically diverse, with a minor ethnic Russian population.
The city’s historic predecessor is the port town of Anji (Andzhi), which was located in Kumykia, and which was a part of possessions of Tarki state, the capital of Kumyks known from the 8th century.[12][13]
The city was named Petrovskoye after Peter the Great. After gaining city status in 1857, the Petrovskoye fortress was renamed Petrovsk-Port. After the Russian Revolution, Petrovsk-Port was renamed Makhachkala on May 14, 1921, after Bolshevik revolutionary Makhach Dakhadaev [ru]. On the same day, it became capital of the newly formed Dagestan ASSR. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the city became the capital of the Republic of Dagestan.
Makhachkala is an important economic, educational, scientific, and cultural centre of the North Caucasus. The city is a major Russian seaport on the Caspian Sea, and a transport hub. It is one of the fastest-growing cities in Russia, and is currently going through a construction boom.
History[edit]
Makhachkala’s historic predecessors were the towns of Tarki and Anji (or Andzhi, or Anji-kala), dating their history, according to some sources, back to Khazar times.[14][15] Some chronicles suggest that it was the name of a citadel of Khazarian capital of Semender, which was called Anji-kala.[16]
During the first Muslim conquests of Dagestan, it was exposed to an influx of Muslims. During the reign of Umayyad Caliph Hisham b. Abdülmelik (724-743), the caliph’s brother Maslama succeeded in establishing Islamic dominance in the region with his conquests. In the following years, one of the Umayyad commanders, Marwan b. Mohammed also organized successful raids to Dagestan. However, the Islamic domination in the region ended in 796 (180 AH) when the Khazars captured Derbend. In the early days of the Abbasids, the struggle against the Khazars continued. This struggle, which lasted for two centuries, ended with the victory of the Muslim Arabs. In 815, Sheikh Abu Ishaq and Sheikh Mohammed al-Kindi entered Dagestan with a volunteer army of about 2000 people and tried to spread Islam. In the second half of the 11th century, the Seljuk Turks took a part of the region under their control. Dagestan was invaded by the Mongols in 1222. The Cumans (Kipchaks), who ruled in the north of the Black Sea and the Caucasus, played an important role in the Turkification of the region. Later on, the Ilkhanids, Golden Horde Khanate, Timurids, Shirvanshahs and Safavids dominated Dagestan respectively. Dagestan came under Ottoman rule between 1578-1606.[17]
The Safavids started operations to spread Shiism in Dagestan at the beginning of the 19th century but were met with fierce resistance of Dagestanis. Shah Abbas II established a significant influence in Dagestan in 1639. It started to attract the attention of the Russians from the 17th century onwards. It remained the scene of a struggle for influence between Iranians, Russians and Ottomans from the beginning of the 17th century.[17]
When the Safavids began to lose their power at the beginning of the 17th century, the people of Dagestan united under the leadership of Çolak Surhay Khan of the Gazikumukh Khanate, and they won a victory against Iran in 1712. In order to continue their success, he took the people of Dagestan, who asked for help from the Ottoman administration, under his protection by sending gifts to the sultans of the Sublime Porte.[17]
Russian Tsar Peter the Great visited what is now Makhachkala in 1722, and the settlement bore his name from 1844 to 1921
Although the Russians could not hold on to the interior of Dagestan, they expanded their sovereignty towards the Caspian coast and could only be stopped in front of Baku with the help of the Ottoman forces under the command of Mustafa Pasha. With a treaty signed between Russia and Iran in 1724, Derbend, Baku and some other places in the region were left to Russia. As a result of his struggles against the Russians, Nadir Shah captured the south of Dagestan, Derbend and Baku with the Rasht Treaty signed in 1732, and some lands between the Sulak and Kura (Kür) rivers with the 1735 treaty. After 1747, the Russians regained influence in Dagestan.[17]
In the 1840s, after Russian Empire seized the Kumyk plateau, Anji-kala became the place where fort Petrovskoye was founded.[18] A town status was granted to the fortress in 1857.[2] The Russian name of the city was Petrovskoye (Петро́вское)—after the Russian Tsar Peter the Great, who waged war in the region in 1722[19][20] during his Persian Campaign. However, among the local Kumyks the city was still known as Anzhi-Qala, The Pearl Fortress (Qala means fortress or a city with walls, while Anzhi / Inzhi / Inji means pearl in Kumyk). There is also still a hill called Anji-arqa, meaning the hill of Anji.[12]
After gaining town status in 1857, the Petrovskoye fortress was renamed Petrovsk-Port (Петро́вск-Порт), sometimes simply Petrovsk.[21]
In 1894, a railway line linked the city to Vladikavkaz (in present-day North Ossetia-Alania) and Baku (in present-day Azerbaijan). However, despite the development, a report from 1904 detailed the spread of malaria and unsuitable drinking water in the city.[22]
In January 1919, during the Russian Civil War, the British No. 221 Squadron Royal Air Force based themselves at Petrovsk. In March they were joined by No. 266 Squadron and both squadrons were involved in bombing operations against Bolshevik forces in Astrakhan and elsewhere. In August 1919 both squadrons were withdrawn from Petrovsk.[23] The city was invaded by the Red Army in March 1920.[22]
As part of the Soviet revolution, place names relating to monarchy or religion were changed, and thus on 14 May 1921, Petrovsk was renamed Makhachkala, after Dagestani revolutionary Magomed-Ali ‘Makhach’ Dakhadaev. On the same day, it became capital of the newly formed Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.[22] The city incurred major damage during an earthquake on 14 May 1970.[24] The city was briefly renamed Shamilkala during the disintegration of the Soviet Union in honor of the Dagestani freedom fighter Imam Shamil.
The area was used as a Soviet-era naval testing station, leaving behind a curious sea fort off nearby Kaspiysk (42°53′48″N 47°40′53″E / 42.896598°N 47.681274°E).[25]
A report of the International Crisis Group from 2013 describes the city as being «a city of almost one million and gained spectacular economic resources due to a construction boom, skyrocketing land prices, substantial federal funds for reconstruction, infrastructure, transport, housing, courts and administrative services. But even a short visit revealed acute problems, including dirty streets, dilapidated buildings, inadequate utilities, hectic construction, lack of planning and poorly organised public transport».[26]
Deportation of the Kumyk population and expansion of Makhachkala[edit]
On April 12, 1944, a decision was made to resettle the inhabitants of Kumyk villages of Tarki, Kyakhulay and Alburikent, which owned the surrounding areas, to the settlements of the deported Chechens. Most of the released land was distributed to the Makhachkala city council (6243 out of 8166 hectares), in addition to the collective farms of the mountainous regions and industrial enterprises of Makhachkala.
After the return of the Kumyk population in 1957, the lands of the collective farms were not restored, personal property was also lost, many houses were occupied by people resettled from mountainous areas. The historical monuments of the ancient city were destroyed and used as construction materials for the infrastructure of Makhachkala.[27][28][29][30][31]
2022 anti-mobilization protests[edit]
Protests and violent police clashes occurred in Makhachkala, as was the case in other Russian cities, in response to the 2022 Russian mobilization, as well as a call-up of 110 men from the village of Endirey to be conscripted into the ongoing Russian invasion of Ukraine. According to the BBC, 301 Dagestani soldiers died in Ukraine, more than in any other region of Russia.[32]
Economy[edit]
The most important industrial sector is the oil refineries, as well as mechanical engineering and textile factories. Numerous administrative and educational institutions are based in the city, including a regional research centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences with around 20 research departments. The city is also the media centre of the region. Numerous newspapers are published in Makhachkala, including Dagestanskaya Pravda and the Islamic As-Salam. In addition, several regional television stations are based in the city.
Administrative and municipal status[edit]
Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with eight urban-type settlements and six rural localities, incorporated as the City of Makhachkala—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[1] As a municipal division, the City of Makhachkala is incorporated as Makhachkala Urban Okrug.[7]
City divisions[edit]
For the purposes of administration, the city is divided into three city districts, from west to east: Kirovsky, Sovetsky and Leninsky. In May 2015, these three city districts were granted municipal status.[7]
Symbols[edit]
The coat of arms and flag of Makhachkala were adopted on 15 December 2006. The coat of arms shows the city’s historic fortress in silver on a red field, with flames coming from either tower and a solar symbol above. It is supported by a golden eagle on each side, a crown on top, and crossed anchors (representing its maritime history) entangled with grapevines at the bottom.
In proportions of 2:3, the flag displays the main shield of the city’s coat of arms.[33]
Unrest[edit]
Makhachkala is close to areas of fighting and therefore it and the surrounding region has a heavy security service presence. On 25 November 2011, a protest took place in Makhachkala attended by up to 3,000 people demanding an end to illegal activities perpetrated by the security services.[34]
On December 15, 2011, Gadzhimurat Kamalov, a Russian investigative journalist and founder of the independent Chernovik newspaper was shot dead in an apparent assassination.[35]
Demographics[edit]
The population of Makhachkala includes (2010 Census data):[36]
- Avar nations (26.7%)
- Kumyks (19.17%)
- Dargin nations (15.3%)
- Lezgins (12.71%)
- Laks (12.35%)
- Russians (5.4%)
- Tabasarans (2.02%)
- Rutuls (1.24%)
- Azerbaijani (0.91%)
Transportation[edit]
The city is served by Uytash Airport, a regional airport providing connections to other Russian cities. Russian Railways via the North Caucasus Railway provides freight and passenger traffic to and from Makhachkala.[citation needed]
The Caspian Sea International Port handles crude oil, petroleum, construction materials, grain, cargo and timber and operates 24 hours a day. The port offers communications with the rest of Russia, as well as with Belarus, Ukraine, the Baltic states, Iran, Turkey and Central Asia. A railyard at the port connects the port to the North Caucasus Railway network.[37]
Sports[edit]
The city’s main football team, FC Anzhi Makhachkala, played at the 26,500-seat Anzhi Arena.
Founded in 1991, the side returned to the Premier League in 2009 and in January 2011 were purchased by Dagestani commodities billionaire Suleyman Kerimov,[38] whose investments allowed the club to sign players such as Brazilian World Cup winner Roberto Carlos[39] and Cameroonian striker Samuel Eto’o who, during his time at the club, became the world’s highest paid player.[40] The club lived its golden era, finished in the Top 5 for two consecutive seasons (2011-12 and 2012-13) and qualified for the UEFA Europa League, reaching the round of 16 on both occasions.
However, after 2013, due to unrest in the region, the players moved to live and train in Moscow, while the local matches in Makhachkala were guarded by armed patrols.[41] This situation, followed by severe budget cuts, made the club lost most of its key players and went on to finish bottom of the table in the 2013–14 Season.
Climate[edit]
Makhachkala has a cold semi-arid climate (Köppen: BSk) with warm, relatively dry summers and, cool relatively moist winters. The strong rain shadow of the Caucasus and the ability of the Siberian High to freely move westwards from its source in the Tibetan and Mongolian plateaus makes the climate quite dry, although frequently overcast throughout the winter, which is owing to the relatively low latitude and nearness to the Caspian Sea very mild by Russian standards. Summers are sunnier but also dry as the region is exposed to steep descending vertical velocity from the Indian monsoon, and the greatest rainfall occurs in the autumn season from September to November. October 1987 with 245 millimetres or 9.65 inches has been the wettest month, whilst no precipitation occurred in February 1958, October 1974 and April 1986.
The coldest month since records began in 1882 has been February 1929 with a mean monthly temperature of −9.5 °C or 14.9 °F, whilst the hottest have been July 2010 and August 2014 with means of 27.1 °C or 80.8 °F each, although 9 August 2017 is the hottest day, reaching 40.2 °C or 104.4 °F. The coldest night was on February 9, 2012, when the mercury fell to −26.9 °C or −16.4 °F, beating the previous record of −26.5 °C or −15.7 °F from December 28, 1888.
| Climate data for Makhachkala (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1882–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 17.8 (64.0) |
20.9 (69.6) |
28.8 (83.8) |
33.5 (92.3) |
35.1 (95.2) |
36.8 (98.2) |
39.5 (103.1) |
40.2 (104.4) |
37.4 (99.3) |
28.9 (84.0) |
23.1 (73.6) |
19.9 (67.8) |
40.2 (104.4) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 4.1 (39.4) |
4.6 (40.3) |
8.6 (47.5) |
14.4 (57.9) |
20.9 (69.6) |
26.5 (79.7) |
29.3 (84.7) |
29.3 (84.7) |
24.3 (75.7) |
17.9 (64.2) |
10.7 (51.3) |
6.0 (42.8) |
16.4 (61.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 1.0 (33.8) |
1.4 (34.5) |
5.2 (41.4) |
10.3 (50.5) |
16.5 (61.7) |
22.0 (71.6) |
24.8 (76.6) |
24.9 (76.8) |
20.3 (68.5) |
14.2 (57.6) |
7.4 (45.3) |
2.9 (37.2) |
12.6 (54.7) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −1.7 (28.9) |
−1.5 (29.3) |
2.3 (36.1) |
6.9 (44.4) |
12.8 (55.0) |
17.7 (63.9) |
20.6 (69.1) |
20.6 (69.1) |
16.6 (61.9) |
10.7 (51.3) |
4.2 (39.6) |
0.0 (32.0) |
9.1 (48.4) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −25.1 (−13.2) |
−26.8 (−16.2) |
−13.5 (7.7) |
−5.1 (22.8) |
0.0 (32.0) |
5.8 (42.4) |
9.7 (49.5) |
8.0 (46.4) |
0.7 (33.3) |
−6.6 (20.1) |
−19.7 (−3.5) |
−26.5 (−15.7) |
−26.8 (−16.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 36 (1.4) |
28 (1.1) |
23 (0.9) |
19 (0.7) |
34 (1.3) |
27 (1.1) |
22 (0.9) |
29 (1.1) |
51 (2.0) |
38 (1.5) |
46 (1.8) |
38 (1.5) |
391 (15.4) |
| Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) | 2 (0.8) |
2 (0.8) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
1 (0.4) |
1 (0.4) |
2 (0.8) |
| Average rainy days | 11 | 10 | 12 | 11 | 12 | 11 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 135 |
| Average snowy days | 9 | 10 | 4 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 3 | 6 | 32 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 84 | 83 | 83 | 79 | 76 | 71 | 70 | 72 | 75 | 80 | 83 | 85 | 78 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 74 | 71 | 105 | 171 | 246 | 278 | 282 | 270 | 194 | 151 | 81 | 67 | 1,990 |
| Source 1: Погода и Климат[42] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: NOAA (sun, 1961–1990)[43] |
Economy and culture[edit]
Churches[edit]
- Cathedral of the Assumption
- Church of the Holy Equal-to-the-Apostles Prince Vladimir
Lighthouse[edit]
- Makhachkala Lighthouse is an operating lighthouse. Landmark of the city.[44]
Notable people[edit]
- Shamil Zavurov, Eagle sports president and former MMA lightweights champion
- Ruslan Agalarov, former association football player
- Malik Akhmedilov, editor
- Kamalutdin Akhmedov, association football player
- Eduard Akuvaev, artist
- Gasret Aliev, Soviet hero
- Ali Aliyev, amateur boxer
- Abdulla Alishayev, TV host
- Hizgil Avshalumov, Soviet novelist, poet and playwright
- Mishi Bakhshiev, writer and poet
- Ali Gadzhibekov, association football player
- Shamil Gitinov, Armenian wrestler
- Ali Isayev, Azeri wrestler
- Gadzhimurat Kamalov, editor
- Rustam Khabilov, mixed martial artist
- Kuramagomed Kuramagomedov, wrestler
- Shamil Lakhiyalov, association football player
- Gadzhimurad Nurmagomedov, Olympic Armenian wrestler
- Jamaladdin Magomedov, Azeri wrestler
- Khadzhimurad Magomedov, Olympic Azeri wrestler
- Rashid Magomedov, mixed martial artist
- Islam Makhachev, mixed martial artist, current UFC Lightweight Champion
- Aleksandr Maslov, former association football player
- Magomed Musaev, Olympic Kyrgyz wrestler
- Sharif Mukhammad, Afghan football player
- Marid Mutalimov, Olympic Kazakh wrestler
- Vladimir Nazlymov, sabre fencer and coach
- Khabib Nurmagomedov, mixed martial artist, former UFC Lightweight Champion
- Eduard Puterbrot, artist
- Muslim Salikhov, kickboxer
- Serder Serderov, association football player
- Sharif Sharifov, Olympic Azeri wrestler
- Ruslan Sheikhau, Belarusian wrestler
- Ilyas Shurpayev, television journalist
- Nikita Timoshin, association football player
- Anatoly Yagudaev, sculptor. He held an honorary title of People’s Artist of the Russian Federation
- Zalimkhan Yusupov, Olympic Tajik wrestler
Twin towns – sister cities[edit]
Makhachkala is twinned with:[45]
Notes[edit]
- ^ Kumyk: Анжи-къала, romanized: Anji-qala; Avar: Махӏачхъала, romanized: Maħaçqala; Chechen: ХӀинжа-ГӀала, romanized: Hinƶa-Ġala; Azerbaijani: Маһачгала, romanized: Mahaçqala; Nogai: Махачкала; Lak: Махачкъала; Rutul: Магьачкъала, romanized: Mahaçqala.
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e Law #16
- ^ a b c «General Information» (in Russian). Republic of Dagestan. Retrieved September 3, 2017.
- ^ «Новым мэром Махачкалы стал экс-глава управы Басманного района Москвы Дадаев». ria.ru. January 31, 2019.
- ^ Подсчитано по базе данных муниципальных образований РФ на 2008 год
- ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ «26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года». Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
- ^ a b c d Law #6
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- ^ a b Книга «Дагестан: Путеводитель с картой» Калинин Алексей, Аякс-пресс, 2021
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- ^ Голиков И. И. Деяния Петра Великого, мудрого преобразителя России, собранные из достоверных источников. — Изд. 2-е, М.: Типография Н. Степанова, 1838.
- ^ ruce P. H. Memoirs of Peter Henry Bruce, esq., a military officer in the services of Prussia, Russia, and Great Britain: Containing an account of his travels in Germany, Russia, Tartary, Turkey, the West-Indies… London, 1782.
- ^ «Makhachkala».
- ^ a b c «Марковин В. И. Дорогами и тропами Дагестана». Archived from the original on November 20, 2012. Retrieved October 26, 2012.
- ^ Bowyer, Chaz (1988). RAF Operations 1918-1938. London: William Kimber. pp. 40, 41. ISBN 0-7183-0671-6.
- ^ Gorbunova, I. V.; Kondorskaya, N. V. (1973). «Comparison analysis of magnitude values for the daghestanian and Kirghiz earthquakes by observations of Soviet and American stations». Pure and Applied Geophysics. 103 (1): 381–386. Bibcode:1973PApGe.103..381G. doi:10.1007/BF00876415. S2CID 129856658.
- ^ Abandoned Places: Soviet naval testing station in Makhachkala, Russia Archived July 13, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, distractify.com, accessed 12 July 2014
- ^ The North Caucasus: The Challenges of Integration (III), Governance, Elections, Rule of Law, p. 23 Archived September 23, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Адиль-Герей Гаджиев, Доктор исторических наук, Тарки, Кяхулай, Альборикент (история, проблемы, пути решения), брошюра 1999
- ^ Адиев А. З. Земельный вопрос и этнополитические конфликты в Дагестане. — Р-н-Д: СКНЦ ВШ ЮФУ, 2011. — 143 с. — ISBN 978-5878726016.
- ^ Османов, А. И. Аграрные преобразования в Дагестане и переселение горцев на равнину (20-70-е годы XX в.). — Ин-т истории, археологии и этнографии ДНЦ РАН, 2000. — 333 с.
- ^ Ибрагимов М.-Р. А. Депортация населения Дагестана в годы Великой Отечественной войны (1941—1945 гг.) и её этнокультурные последствия // Вестник Дагестанского научного центра : научный журнал. — ДНЦ РАН, 2011. — 5 декабря (№ 43). — С. 84–90. — ISSN 1684-792X.
- ^ Мирзабеков М. Я. Миграционные процессы и изменения в расселении населения Дагестана в годы Великой Отечественной войны (1941—1945) // «Манускрипт» : научный журнал. — Тамбов: ООО «Грамота», 2014. — № 1. — С. 129–136. — ISSN 1997-292X.
- ^ «Anti-mobilization protest in Russia: Warning shots fired in Dagestan». Deutsche Welle. dpa, Reuters. September 25, 2022. Retrieved September 27, 2022.
- ^ «Постановление от 15.12.2006 № № 27-2 Собрание депутатов городского округа «город Махачкала» Об утверждении положения о гербе и флаге городского округа «город Махачкала»«. Archived from the original on May 23, 2013. Retrieved October 26, 2012.
- ^ Russian journalist gunned down in violent republic of Dagestan, Guardian, retrieved 16/12/2011
- ^ Newspaper chief’s murder in Dagestan adds to toll of Russian journalists, Guardian, retrieved 16/12/2011
- ^ «Перепись 2010 года. Дагстат. Том 3». Archived from the original on October 11, 2017. Retrieved March 22, 2020.
- ^ «Port of Makhachkala traffic up 15.7 percent in Q1».
- ^ «Five Reasons You Should Look Out for Anzhi Makhachkala | CaughtOffside». Archived from the original on July 26, 2015. Retrieved October 26, 2012.
- ^ «Roberto Carlos joins Russian side Anzhi — ESPN Soccernet». Archived from the original on December 10, 2011. Retrieved October 26, 2012.
- ^ «Samuel Eto’o in £21.8m move from Internazionale to Anzhi Makhachkala». TheGuardian.com. August 23, 2011.
- ^ «Blackburn Rovers defender Chris Samba joins Anzhi Makhachkala». Manchester: BBC. February 24, 2012.
- ^ «Climate Makhachkala». Pogoda.ru.net. Retrieved November 8, 2021.
- ^ «MAHACKALA 1961–1990». NOAA. Retrieved November 2, 2021.
- ^ Guide to Makhachkala
- ^ «Города–побратимы Махачкалы». prodji.ru (in Russian). Makhachkala. September 24, 2012. Retrieved February 4, 2020.
- Народное Собрание Республики Дагестан. Закон №16 от 10 апреля 2002 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Республики Дагестан», в ред. Закона №106 от 30 декабря 2013 г. «О внесении изменений в некоторые законодательные акты Республики Дагестан». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: «Дагестанская правда», №81, 12 апреля 2002 г. (People’s Assembly of the Republic of Dagestan. Law #16 of April 10, 2002 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of the Republic of Dagestan, as amended by the Law #106 of December 30, 2013 On Amending Various Legislative Acts of the Republic of Dagestan. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
- Народное Собрание Республики Дагестан. Закон №6 от 13 января 2005 г. «О статусе и границах муниципальных образований Республики Дагестан», в ред. Закона №43 от 30 апреля 2015 г. «О статусе городского округа с внутригородским делением «Город Махачкала», статусе и границах внутригородских районов в составе городского округа с внутригородским делением «Город Махачкала» и о внесении изменений в отдельные законодательные акты Республики Дагестан». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: «Дагестанская правда», №8, 15 февраля 2005 г. (People’s Assembly of the Republic of Dagestan. Law #6 of January 13, 2005 On the Status and Borders of the Municipal Formations of the Republic of Dagestan, as amended by the Law #43 of April 30, 2015 On the Status of the «City of Makhachkala» Urban Okrug with Intra-Urban Divisions, the Status and the Borders of the Intra-City Districts Comprising the «City of Makhachkala» Urban Okrug with Intra-Urban Divisions, and on Amending Various Legislative Acts of the Republic of Dagestan. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
Bibliography[edit]
External links[edit]
- Makhachkala organizes charity iftars
- Badkhen, Anna. «Everyone in Makhachkala Packs a Gun.» The Moscow Times. May 31, 2001.
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Как пишется Махачкала на английском языке?
как пишется по-английски Махачкала?
1 ответ:
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Добрый день. Давайте напишем российский город Махачкала на английском языке. Для написания города на английском языке, можно воспользоваться латиницей, вы просто меняете наши буквы на аналоги на английском языке, вот что получается:
Английская буква «M» будет аналогом русской «М»;
Английская буква «A» будет аналогом русской «А»;
Английская буква «H» будет аналогом русской «Х»;
Английская буква «A» будет аналогом русской «А»;
Английские буквы «CH» будут аналогами русской «Ч»;
Английская буква «K» будет аналогом русской «К»;
Английская буква «A» будет аналогом русской «А»;
Английская буква «L» будет аналогом русской «Л»;
Английская буква «A» будет аналогом русской «А».
В итоге, на английском языке пишем город «Махачкала» как «Mahachkala».
Читайте также
Чтобы написать количественные числительные от 91 до 99 на английском необходимо вспомнить, как по-английски будет число 90 — ninety ( [‘nainti] ) и простые количественные числительные 1 — one ( [wʌn] ), 2- two ( [tu:] ), 3 — three ( [θri:] ), 4 — four ( [fɔ:] ), 5 — five ( [faiv] ), 6 — six ( [siks] ), 7 — seven ( [sevn] ), 8 — eight ( [eit] ), 9 — nine ( [nain] ). Дальше просто делаем дословный перевод с русского на английский язык ( девяносто и нужное простое количественное числительное ( 1, 2, …, 9 ):
91 ( девяносто один ) — ninety one,
92 ( девяносто два )- ninety two,
93 ( девяносто три )- ninety three,
94 ( девяносто четыре ) — ninety four,
95 ( девяносто пять )- ninety five,
96 ( девяносто шесть )- ninety six,
97 ( девяносто семь )- ninety seven,
98 ( девяносто восемь )- ninety eight,
99 ( девяносто девять )- ninety nine.
Добрый день. Для написания на английском языке словосочетание «Краснодарский край» правильно использовать латиницу. Вы должны подобрать в английском языке букву соответствующую русской.
Вы должны сделать следующие замены:
1) Русскую буквы «К» заменяете на английскую «K»;
2) Русскую буквы «Р» заменяете на английскую «R»;
3) Русскую буквы «А» заменяете на английскую «A»;
4) Русскую буквы «С» заменяете на английскую «S»;
5) Русскую буквы «Н» заменяете на английскую «N»;
6) Русскую буквы «О» заменяете на английскую «O»;
7) Русскую буквы «Д» заменяете на английскую «D»;
Русскую буквы «А» заменяете на английскую «A»;
9) Русскую буквы «Р» заменяете на английскую «R»;
10) Русскую буквы «С» заменяете на английскую «S»;
11) Русскую буквы «К» заменяете на английскую «K»;
12) Русскую буквы «И» заменяете на английскую «I»;
13) Русскую буквы «Й» заменяете на английскую «I».
Пишем на английском «Краснодарский край» как «Krasnodarskii krai».
Русское имя Надежда, с точки зрения правила транслитерации пишется по-английски как Nadezhda. Написание имени Надежда на английском языке является достаточно простым, так как практически все буквы данного имени аналоги на английским языком (правило транслитерация, его смысл написание слова буквами другого языка) , за исключением буквы «ж», в данном случаи мы её пишем как «zh».
Имя же Надя это уменьшительное ласкательное от имени Надежда и пишется оно правильно: Nadya.
Здесь тоже нет никаких проблем при написание.
Добрый день. Чтобы понять, как на английском языке пишется «Большое спасибо», следует обратиться к словарю. В словаре английского языка, конечно, можно найти слово «большой спасибо». Самым распространенным вариантам будет «Thank you very much», именно так принято говорить на английском языке «Большое спасибо».
Также иногда используют вот такой вариант: «Many thanks». Но мне кажется первый вариант является предпочтительным.
В английском языке имя Вадим пишется как Vadim
на украинском — Вадим
на армянском — Вуадим
на польском — Wadym
на румынском — Vadim
на немецком — Wadim и Vadim
на китайском — 瓦迪姆
на японском — ヴァディム (читается как Ва-ди-му)
махачкала
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Махачкала
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Махачкала
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Махачкала
Русско-английский географический словарь > Махачкала
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Махачкала
Новый русско-английский словарь > Махачкала
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Махачкала
Новый большой русско-английский словарь > Махачкала
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Махачкала
Американизмы. Русско-английский словарь. > Махачкала
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Русско-английский синонимический словарь > Махачкала
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(г.) Махачкала
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > (г.) Махачкала
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г. Махачкала
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > г. Махачкала
См. также в других словарях:
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Махачкала — Махачкала … Словник лемківскої говірки
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Махачкала — столица Дагестана. Город основан в 1844 г. как Петровское укрепление. Название связано с тем, что согласно преданию, во время Персидского похода здесь в 1722 г. стояло лагерем войско Петра I. С 1857 г. это гор. Петровск Порт. В 1922 г. он… … Географическая энциклопедия
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Махачкала — (в 1857 1922 Петровск Порт), город (с 1857) в России, столица Дагестана, порт на Каспийском море. Железнодорожная станция. 337,2 тыс. жителей (1998). Машиностроение и металлообработка, химическая, текстильная, пищевая промышленность. Дагестанский … Энциклопедический словарь
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махачкала — Петровск Порт Словарь русских синонимов. махачкала сущ., кол во синонимов: 4 • анжи (2) • город … Словарь синонимов
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МАХАЧКАЛА — (в 1857 1922 Петровск Порт) город (с 1857), столица Дагестана, порт на Каспийском м. Железнодорожная станция. 328,2 тыс. жителей (1993). Машиностроение и металлообработка, химическая, текстильная, пищевая промышленность. 5 вузов (в т. ч.… … Большой Энциклопедический словарь
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МАХАЧКАЛА — (в 1857 1922 Петровск Порт), город (с 1857), столица Дагестана, порт на Каспийском море. Ж. д. станция. 337,2 тыс. жителей (1998). Машиностроение и металлообработка, химическая, текстильная, пищевая промышленность. Дагестанский научный центр РАН … Русская история
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Махачкала — іменник жіночого роду місто в Росії … Орфографічний словник української мови
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Махачкала — (в 1857 1922 Петровск Порт), город (с 1857), столица (с 1923) Дагестана (Российская Федерация), порт на Каспийском море. 339,3 тыс. жителей. Железнодорожная станция. Машиностроение и металлообработка; химическая, текстильная промышленность.… … Иллюстрированный энциклопедический словарь
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Махачкала — Город Махачкала Флаг … Википедия
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Махачкала I — Эта страница требует существенной переработки. Возможно, её необходимо викифицировать, дополнить или переписать. Пояснение причин и обсуждение на странице Википедия:К улучшению/28 ноября 2012. Дата постановки к улучшению 28 ноября 2012 … Википедия
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Махачкала II — Координаты: 42°59′13″ с. ш. 47°30′15″ в. д. / 42.986944° с. ш. 47.504167° в. д. … Википедия
На основании Вашего запроса эти примеры могут содержать грубую лексику.
На основании Вашего запроса эти примеры могут содержать разговорную лексику.
Перевод «Махачкала» на английский
Кроме того, это историческое название местности, где сейчас расположена Махачкала.
It was also the ancient name for the land around where Makhachkala is situated.
Предприятия химической промышленности (Махачкала) вырабатывают лаки, краски, стекловолокно.
Enterprises of the chemical industry (Makhachkala) produce varnishes, paints, and fiberglass.
Выполнение строительно-монтажных и пуско-наладочных работ по созданию комплексной системы охраны периметра Международного аэропорта города Махачкала.
Construction, installation and commissioning works on establishing the integrated perimeter security system for the international airport of Makhachkala.
Порядок использования электронного авиабилета Махачкала — Москва и расписание.
Order of use of the electronic air ticket Makhachkala — Moscow and schedule.
Оплата портовых сборов должна быть произведена полностью до выхода судна из морского порта Махачкала.
Harbour dues shall be paid in full before the vessel departure from the seaport of Makhachkala.
Махачкала огромный по численности город, в котором живут приветливые люди.
Makhachkala huge number of the city where live friendly people.
Планируется, что вертолёты будут поставлены в универсальном варианте исполнения, и местом их эксплуатации станет Махачкала.
It is planned that helicopters will be delivered in a universal version, and the place of their operation will be Makhachkala.
проект реконструкции южного мола сухогрузной гавани в морском порту Махачкала.
project of reconstruction of the southern pierhead of dry cargo harbor in the seaport of Makhachkala.
Экологический сбор уплачивается по рейсу (каботажному или загранплавания), каким судно зашло в морской порт Махачкала.
Ecological Dues are paid according to voyage, on (coastal or foreign) on which the vessel entered the seaport of Makhachkala.
Махачкала сильно пострадала во время землетрясения 14 мая 1970.
Makhachkala suffered heavy earthquake on May 14, 1970.
Там он получил свое второе имя — Гарик Махачкала, которым, впрочем, на свободе практически не пользовался.
There he received his second name — Garik Makhachkala, which, incidentally, he practically did not use at liberty.
По результатам выполнения данного упражнения экипаж малого артиллерийского корабля «Махачкала» показал лучший результат по времени, но уступил коллегам из Азербайджана по точности стрельбы.
According to the results of this exercise, the crew of Makhachkala small artillery ship showed the best result in time, but lost to colleagues from Azerbaijan in accuracy.
Хозяйственное использование Вода из реки используется для водоснабжения городов Махачкала и Каспийск.
Water from the river is used to supply water to the cities of Makhachkala and the Caspian.
Трансфер 110 км в аэропорт «Уйташ», Махачкала.
Transfer 110 km to the Uytash airport, Makhachkala.
Махачкала, Россия — Полицейские нервно дергали затворы своих автоматов, а толпа продолжала напирать.
Makhachkala, Russia — The officers nervously cocked their rifles as the crowd began to swell.
Анжи Махачкала — российский футбольный клуб из махачкалы, основан в 1991 году.
FC Anzhi Makhachkala is a Russian soccer club from Makhachkala, the capital of Dagestan, which was founded in 1991.
Далее идут столицы нескольких кавказских республик: Нальчик, Махачкала и Черкесск.
Next come the capitals of several Caucasian republics: Nalchik, Makhachkala and Cherkessk.
Махачкала стала двенадцатым российским городом маршрутной сети авиакомпании Победа , куда летают самолеты лоукостера из московского аэропорта Внуково.
Makhachkala became the twelve Russian city in the carrier road map where Pobeda aircraft flies from Moscow Vnukovo airport.
Последним совладельцем компании стал Гавриил Юшваев (известный в определенных кругах как криминальный авторитет «Гарик Махачкала»).
The last co-owner of the company was Gavriil Yushvaev (known in certain circles as criminal authority Garik Makhachkala).
Торги прошли в один шаг, актив достался компании «Международный аэропорт «Махачкала» за 300 млн рублей.
Bidding took place in a single step, the asset got Makhachkala International Airport for 300 million rubles.
Результатов: 1082. Точных совпадений: 230. Затраченное время: 89 мс
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