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Netflix, Inc.

Netflix 2015 logo.svg

Logo used since 2014

Screenshot

Netflix - English.jpg

Screenshot of Netflix’s English website in 2019
Type of business Public

Type of site

 OTT streaming platform
Available in

List

  • Arabic (Egyptian and Modern Standard)
  • Catalan (content only)
  • Chinese (Cantonese and Mandarin)
  • Croatian
  • Czech
  • Danish
  • Dutch
  • English (American and British)
  • Filipino
  • Finnish
  • French
  • German
  • Greek
  • Hebrew
  • Hindi[1]
  • Hungarian
  • Indonesian[2]
  • Italian
  • Japanese
  • Kannada
  • Korean
  • Malay
  • Malayalam
  • Norwegian (Bokmål)
  • Polish
  • Portuguese (Brazilian and European)
  • Romanian
  • Serbian (content only)
  • Spanish (European and Latin American)
  • Swedish
  • Tamil
  • Telugu
  • Thai
  • Turkish
  • Ukrainian
  • Urdu (content only)
  • Vietnamese
Traded as
  • Nasdaq: NFLX
  • Nasdaq-100 component
  • S&P 100 component
  • S&P 500 component
Founded August 29, 1997; 25 years ago[3] in Scotts Valley, California, U.S.
Headquarters Los Gatos, California, U.S.
Area served Worldwide (excluding Mainland China, North Korea, Russia and Syria)[4][5]
Founder(s)
  • Reed Hastings
  • Marc Randolph
Key people
  • Reed Hastings (Chairman, Co-CEO)
  • Ted Sarandos (Co-CEO, CCO)
  • Greg Peters (COO, CPO)
Industry Technology & Entertainment industry, mass media
Products
  • Streaming media
  • Pay television
  • Video on demand
  • Mobile gaming
Services
  • Film production
  • Film distribution
  • Television production
  • Television distribution
Revenue Increase US$29.7 billion (2021)
Operating income Increase US$6.195 billion (2021)
Net income Increase US$5.116 billion (2021)
Total assets Increase US$44.585 billion (2021)
Total equity Increase US$15.849 billion (2021)
Employees 12,135 (2021)
Divisions
  • US Streaming
  • International Streaming
  • Domestic DVD
Subsidiaries
  • DVD Netflix (dvd.netflix.com)
  • Millarworld[6]
  • LT-LA[7]
  • Albuquerque Studios
  • Netflix Pictures
  • Netflix Studios
  • Netflix Animation
  • StoryBots, Inc.
  • Grauman’s Egyptian Theatre[8]
  • Broke and Bones (stake)[9]
  • Roald Dahl Story Company
  • Night School Studio
  • Netflix Pty Ltd
  • Scanline VFX
  • Next Games
  • Boss Fight Entertainment
  • Animal Logic
  • Spry Fox
URL www.netflix.com
Registration Required
Users Increase 223.09 million (paid; as of October 20, 2022[10]
[11][12]

Netflix, Inc. is an American subscription video on-demand over-the-top streaming service and production company based in Los Gatos, California. Founded in 1997 by Reed Hastings and Marc Randolph in Scotts Valley, California, it offers a film and television series library through distribution deals as well as its own productions, known as Netflix Originals.

As of September 2022, Netflix had 222 million subscribers worldwide, including 73.3 million in the United States and Canada; 73.0 million in Europe, the Middle East and Africa, 39.6 million in Latin America and 34.8 million in the Asia-Pacific region.[12] It is available worldwide aside from Mainland China, Syria, North Korea, and Russia. Netflix has played a prominent role in independent film distribution, and it is a member of the Motion Picture Association.

Netflix can be accessed via web browsers or via application software installed on smart TVs, set-top boxes connected to televisions, tablet computers, smartphones, digital media players, Blu-ray players, video game consoles and virtual reality headsets on the list of Netflix-compatible devices.[13][14][15][16] It is available in 4K resolution.[17] In the United States, the company provided Digital Video Disc (DVD)[18] and Blu-ray rentals delivered individually via the United States Postal Service from regional warehouses.[19]

Netflix initially both sold and rented DVDs by mail, but the sales were eliminated within a year to focus on the DVD rental business.[20][21] In 2007, Netflix introduced streaming media and video on demand. The company expanded to Canada in 2010, followed by Latin America and the Caribbean. Netflix entered the film and television production industry in 2013, debuting its first series House of Cards. In January 2016, it expanded to an additional 130 countries and then operated in 190 countries.

The company is ranked 115th on the Fortune 500[22] and 219th on the Forbes Global 2000.[23] It is the second largest entertainment/media company by market capitalization as of February 2022.[24] In 2021, Netflix was ranked as the eighth-most trusted brand globally by Morning Consult.[25] During the 2010s, Netflix was the top-performing stock in the S&P 500 stock market index, with a total return of 3,693%.[26][27]

Netflix is headquartered in Los Gatos, California, in Santa Clara County,[28][29] with the two CEOs, Hastings and Ted Sarandos, split between Los Gatos and Los Angeles, respectively.[30][31][32] It also operates international offices in Asia, Europe and Latin America including in Canada, France, Brazil, the Netherlands, India, Italy, Japan, Poland, South Korea and the United Kingdom. The company has production hubs in Los Angeles,[33] Albuquerque,[34] London,[35] Madrid, Vancouver and Toronto.[36] Compared to other distributors, Netflix pays more for TV shows up front, but keeps more «upside» (i.e. future revenue opportunities from possible syndication, merchandising, etc.) on big hits.[37][38]

History[edit]

First logo, used from 1997 to 2000

Second logo, used from 2000 to 2001

Third logo, used from 2001 to 2014

Fourth and current logo, used since 2014

Launch as a mail-based rental business (1997–2006)[edit]

Marc Randolph, co-founder of Netflix and the first CEO of the company

Reed Hastings, co-founder and the current chairman and CEO

Netflix was founded by Marc Randolph and Reed Hastings on August 29, 1997 in Scotts Valley, California. Hastings, a computer scientist and mathematician, was a co-founder of Pure Atria, which was acquired by Rational Software Corporation that year for $750 million, then the biggest acquisition in Silicon Valley history.[39] Randolph had worked as a marketing director for Pure Atria after Pure Atria acquired a company where Randolph worked. He was previously a co-founder of MicroWarehouse, a computer mail-order company as well as vice president of marketing for Borland International.[40][41] Hastings and Randolph came up with the idea for Netflix while carpooling between their homes in Santa Cruz, California and Pure Atria’s headquarters in Sunnyvale.[21] Patty McCord, later head of human resources at Netflix, was also in the carpool group.[42] Randolph admired Amazon.com and wanted to find a large category of portable items to sell over the Internet using a similar model. Hastings and Randolph considered and rejected selling and renting VHS tapes as too expensive to stock and too delicate to ship.[40] When they heard about DVDs, first introduced in the United States in early 1997, they tested the concept of selling or renting DVDs by mail by mailing a compact disc to Hastings’s house in Santa Cruz.[40] When the disc arrived intact, they decided to enter the $16 billion home-video sales and rental industry.[40][21] Hastings is often quoted saying that he decided to start Netflix after being fined $40 at a Blockbuster store for being late to return a copy of Apollo 13, a claim since repudiated by Randolph.[21] Hastings invested $2.5 million into Netflix from the sale of Pure Atria.[43][21] Netflix launched as the first DVD rental and sales website with 30 employees and 925 titles available—nearly all DVDs published.[21][44][45] Randolph and Hastings met with Jeff Bezos, where Amazon offered to acquire Netflix for between $14 and $16 million. Fearing competition from Amazon, Randolph at first thought the offer was fair but Hastings, who owned 70% of the company, turned it down on the plane ride home.[46][47]

Initially, Netflix offered a per-rental model for each DVD but introduced a monthly subscription concept in September 1999.[48] The per-rental model was dropped by early 2000, allowing the company to focus on the business model of flat-fee unlimited rentals without due dates, late fees, shipping and handling fees, or per-title rental fees.[49] In September 2000, during the dot-com bubble, while Netflix was suffering losses, Hastings and Randolph offered to sell the company to Blockbuster LLC for $50 million. John Antioco, CEO of Blockbuster, thought the offer was a joke and declined, saying «The dot-com hysteria is completely overblown.»[50][51] While Netflix experienced fast growth in early 2001, the continued effects of the dot-com bubble collapse and the September 11 attacks caused the company to hold off plans for its initial public offering (IPO) and to lay off one-third of its 120 employees.[52]

Opened Netflix rental envelope containing a DVD copy of Coach Carter (2005)

DVD players were a popular gift for holiday sales in late 2001, and demand for DVD subscription services were «growing like crazy», according to chief talent officer Patty McCord.[53] The company went public on May 29, 2002, selling 5.5 million shares of common stock at US$15.00 per share.[54] In 2003, Netflix was issued a patent by the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office to cover its subscription rental service and several extensions.[55] Netflix posted its first profit in 2003, earning $6.5 million on revenues of $272 million; by 2004, profit had increased to $49 million on over $500 million in revenues.[56] In 2005, 35,000 different films were available, and Netflix shipped 1 million DVDs out every day.[57]

In 2004, Blockbuster introduced a DVD rental service, which not only allowed users to check out titles through online sites but allowed for them to return them at brick-and-mortar stores.[58] By 2006, Blockbuster’s service reached two million users, and while trailing Netflix’s subscriber count, was drawing business away from Netflix. Netflix lowered fees in 2007.[56] While it was an urban legend that Netflix ultimately «killed» Blockbuster in the DVD rental market, Blockbuster’s debt load and internal disagreements hurt the company.[58]

On April 4, 2006, Netflix filed a patent infringement lawsuit in which it demanded a jury trial in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, alleging that Blockbuster LLC’s online DVD rental subscription program violated two patents held by Netflix. The first cause of action alleged Blockbuster’s infringement of copying the «dynamic queue» of DVDs available for each customer, Netflix’s method of using the ranked preferences in the queue to send DVDs to subscribers, and Netflix’s method permitting the queue to be updated and reordered.[59] The second cause of action alleged infringement of the subscription rental service as well as Netflix’s methods of communication and delivery.[60] The companies settled their dispute on June 25, 2007; terms were not disclosed.[61][62][63][64]

On October 1, 2006, Netflix announced the Netflix Prize, $1,000,000 to the first developer of a video-recommendation algorithm that could beat its existing algorithm Cinematch, at predicting customer ratings by more than 10%. On September 21, 2009, it awarded the $1,000,000 prize to team «BellKor’s Pragmatic Chaos.»[65] Cinematch, launched in 2000, is a recommendation system that recommended movies to its users, many of which they might not ever had heard of before.[66][67]

Through its division Red Envelope Entertainment, Netflix licensed and distributed independent films such as Born into Brothels and Sherrybaby. In late 2006, Red Envelope Entertainment also expanded into producing original content with filmmakers such as John Waters.[68] Netflix closed Red Envelope Entertainment in 2008.[69][70]

Transition to streaming services (2007–2012)[edit]

In January 2007, the company launched a streaming media service, introducing video on demand via the Internet. However, at that time it only had 1,000 films available for streaming, compared to 70,000 available on DVD.[71] The company had for some time considered offering movies online, but it was only in the mid-2000s that data speeds and bandwidth costs had improved sufficiently to allow customers to download movies from the net. The original idea was a «Netflix box» that could download movies overnight, and be ready to watch the next day. By 2005, Netflix had acquired movie rights and designed the box and service. But after witnessing how popular streaming services such as YouTube were despite the lack of high-definition content, the concept of using a hardware device was scrapped and replaced with a streaming concept.[72]

In February 2007, Netflix delivered its billionth DVD, a copy of Babel to a customer in Texas.[73][74] In April 2007, Netflix recruited Anthony Wood, one of the early DVR business pioneers, to build a «Netflix Player» that would allow streaming content to be played directly on a television set rather than a PC or laptop.[75] While the player was initially developed at Netflix, Reed Hastings eventually shut down the project to help encourage other hardware manufacturers to include built-in Netflix support.[76][77]

In January 2008, all rental-disc subscribers became entitled to unlimited streaming at no additional cost. This change came in a response to the introduction of Hulu and to Apple’s new video-rental services.[78][79][page needed] In August 2008, the Netflix database was corrupted and the company was not able to ship DVDs to customers for 3 days, leading the company to move all its data to the Amazon Web Services cloud.[80] In November 2008, Netflix began offering subscribers rentals on Blu-ray and discontinued its sale of used DVDs.[81] In 2009, Netflix streams overtook DVD shipments.[82]

On January 6, 2010, Netflix agreed with Warner Bros. to delay new release rentals 28 days prior to retail, in an attempt to help studios sell physical copies, and similar deals involving Universal Pictures and 20th Century Fox were reached on April 9.[83][84][85] In July 2010, Netflix signed a deal to stream movies of Relativity Media.[86] In August 2010, Netflix reached a five-year deal worth nearly $1 billion to stream films from Paramount, Lionsgate and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. The deal increased Netflix’s annual spending fees, adding roughly $200 million per year. It spent $117 million in the first six months of 2010 on streaming, up from $31 million in 2009.[87] On September 22, 2010, the company first began offering streaming service to the international market, in Canada.[88][89] In November 2010, Netflix began offering a standalone streaming service separate from DVD rentals.[90]

In 2010, Netflix acquired the rights to Breaking Bad, produced by Sony Pictures Television, after the show’s third season, at a point where original broadcaster AMC had expressed the possibility of cancelling the show. Sony pushed Netflix to release Breaking Bad in time for the fourth season, which as a result, greatly expanded the show’s audience on AMC due to new viewers binging on the Netflix past episodes, and doubling the viewership by the time of the fifth season. Breaking Bad is considered the first such show to have this «Netflix effect.»[91]

In January 2011, Netflix introduced a Netflix button for certain remote controls, allowing users to instantly access Netflix on compatible devices.[92] In May 2011, Netflix’s streaming business became the largest source of Internet streaming traffic in North America, accounting for 30% of traffic during peak hours.[93][94][95][96] On July 12, 2011, Netflix announced that it would separate its existing subscription plans into two separate plans: one covering the streaming and the other DVD rental services.[97][98] The cost for streaming would be $7.99 per month, while DVD rental would start at the same price.[99] In September 2011, Netflix announced a content deal with DreamWorks Animation.[100] In September 2011, Netflix expanded to 43 countries in Latin America.[101][102][103] On September 18, 2011, Netflix announced its intentions to rebrand and restructure its DVD home media rental service as an independent subsidiary called Qwikster, separating DVD rental and streaming services.[104][105][106][107][108] On October 10, 2011, Netflix announced that it would retain its DVD service under the name Netflix and that its streaming and DVD-rental plans would remain branded together.[109][110]

On January 4, 2012, Netflix started its expansion to Europe, launching in the United Kingdom and Ireland.[111] In February 2012, Netflix signed a licensing deal with The Weinstein Company.[112][113] In March 2012, Netflix acquired the domain name DVD.com.[114] By 2016, Netflix rebranded its DVD-by-mail service under the name DVD.com, A Netflix Company.[115][116] In April 2012, Netflix filed with the Federal Election Commission (FEC) to form a political action committee (PAC) called FLIXPAC.[117] Netflix spokesperson Joris Evers tweeted that the intent was to «engage on issues like net neutrality, bandwidth caps, UBB and VPPA».[118][119] In June 2012, Netflix signed a deal with Open Road Films.[120][121]

On August 23, 2012, Netflix and The Weinstein Company signed a multi-year output deal for RADiUS-TWC films.[122][123] In September 2012, Epix signed a five-year streaming deal with Netflix. For the initial two years of this agreement, first-run and back-catalog content from Epix was exclusive to Netflix. Epix films came to Netflix 90 days after premiering on Epix.[124] These included films from Paramount, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and Lionsgate.[125][126]

On October 18, 2012, Netflix launched in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden.[127][128] On December 4, 2012, Netflix and Disney announced an exclusive multi-year agreement for first-run United States subscription television rights to Walt Disney Studios’ animated and live-action films, with classics such as Dumbo, Alice in Wonderland and Pocahontas available immediately and others available on Netflix beginning in 2016.[129] Direct-to-video releases were made available in 2013.[130][131] The agreement with Disney ended in 2019 due to the launch of Disney+. Netflix retained the rights to continue streaming the Marvel series that were produced for the service until March 1, 2022, following Disney’s reacquisition of the rights to those series.[132]

On January 14, 2013, Netflix signed an agreement with Time Warner’s Turner Broadcasting System and Warner Bros. Television to distribute Cartoon Network, Warner Bros. Animation, and Adult Swim content, as well as TNT’s Dallas, beginning in March 2013. The rights to these programs were given to Netflix shortly after deals with Viacom to stream Nickelodeon and Nick Jr. programs expired.[133]

Development of original programming (2013–2017)[edit]

In 2013, the company decided to slow launches in Europe to control subscription costs.[134]

In February 2013, Netflix announced it would be hosting its own awards ceremony, The Flixies.[135]

On March 13, 2013, Netflix added a Facebook sharing feature, letting United States subscribers access «Watched by your friends» and «Friends’ Favorites» by agreeing.[136] This was not legal until the Video Privacy Protection Act was modified in early 2013.[137]

In February 2013, DreamWorks Animation and Netflix co-produced Turbo Fast, based on the movie Turbo, which premiered in July.[138][139] Netflix has since become a major distributor of animated family and kid shows.

In July 2013, Orange Is the New Black debuted on Netflix,[140] which became Netflix’s most-watched original series.[141][142]

On August 1, 2013, Netflix reintroduced the «Profiles» feature that permits accounts to accommodate up to five user profiles.[143][144][145][146]

In September 2013, Netflix launched in the Netherlands and was then available in 40 countries.[147][148]

In November 2013, Netflix and Marvel Television announced a five-season deal to produce live-action Marvel superhero-focused series: Daredevil, Jessica Jones, Iron Fist and Luke Cage. The deal involves the release of four 13-episode seasons that culminate in a mini-series called The Defenders. Daredevil and Jessica Jones premiered in 2015.[149][150][151] The Luke Cage series premiered on September 30, 2016, followed by Iron Fist on March 17, 2017, and The Defenders on August 18, 2017.[152][153] The series, however, were removed from Netflix on March 1, 2022, following Disney’s announcement to reacquire the series’ rights after Netflix’s deal expired.

In February 2014, Netflix discovered that Comcast Cable was slowing its traffic down and agreed to pay Comcast to directly connect to the Comcast network.[154][155][156]

On March 7, 2014, new Star Wars content was released on Netflix’s streaming service: the sixth season of the television series Star Wars: The Clone Wars, as well as all five prior and the feature film.[157]

In April 2014, Netflix signed Arrested Development creator Mitchell Hurwitz and his production firm The Hurwitz Company to a multi-year deal to create original projects for the service.[158]

In May 2014, Netflix acquired streaming rights to films produced by Sony Pictures Animation.[159]

In June 2014, Netflix unveiled a global rebranding: a new logo, which uses a modern typeface with the drop shadowing removed, and a new website UI.[160]

In September 2014, Netflix became available in Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Luxembourg, and Switzerland.[161]

On September 10, 2014, Netflix participated in Internet Slowdown Day by deliberately slowing down its speed in protest of net neutrality laws.[162]

In October 2014, Netflix announced a four-film deal with Adam Sandler and his Happy Madison Productions.[163]

In April 2015, following the launch of Daredevil, Netflix director of content operations Tracy Wright announced that Netflix had added support for audio description (a narration track with aural descriptions of key visual elements for the blind or visually impaired), and had begun to work with its partners to add descriptions to its other original series over time.[164][165] The following year, as part of a settlement with the American Council of the Blind, Netflix agreed to provide descriptions for its original series within 30 days of their premiere, and add screen reader support and the ability to browse content by availability of descriptions.[166]

In March 2015, Netflix expanded to Australia and New Zealand.[167][168] In September 2015, Netflix launched in Japan, its first country in Asia.[169][170][171] In October 2015, Netflix launched in Italy, Portugal, and Spain.[172]

In January 2016, at the 2016 Consumer Electronics Show, Netflix announced a major international expansion of its service into 130 additional countries. It then had become available worldwide except China, Syria, North Korea, Kosovo and Crimea.[173]

In May 2016, Netflix created a tool called Fast.com to determine the speed of an Internet connection.[174] It received praise for being «simple» and «easy to use», and does not include online advertising, unlike competitors.[175][176][177]

On November 30, 2016, Netflix launched an offline playback feature, allowing users of the Netflix mobile apps on Android or iOS to cache content on their devices in standard or high quality for viewing offline, without an Internet connection.[178][179][180][181]

In 2016, Netflix released an estimated 126 original series or films, more than any other network or cable channel.[37]

In 2016, Netflix announced plans to expand its in-house production division and produced TV series including The Ranch and Chelsea.[182]

In February 2017, Netflix signed a music publishing deal with BMG Rights Management, whereby BMG will oversee rights outside of the United States for music associated with Netflix original content. Netflix continues to handle these tasks in-house in the United States.[183]

On April 25, 2017, Netflix signed a licensing deal with IQiyi, a Chinese video streaming platform owned by Baidu, to allow selected Netflix original content to be distributed in China on the platform.[184][185]

On August 7, 2017, in the first acquisition of an entire company, Netflix acquired Millarworld, the creator-owned publishing company of comic book writer Mark Millar.[6]

On August 14, 2017, Netflix announced that it had entered into an exclusive development deal with Shonda Rhimes and her production company Shondaland.[186]

In September 2017, Netflix announced it would offer its low-broadband mobile technology to airlines to provide better in-flight Wi-Fi so that passengers can watch movies on Netflix while on planes.[187]

In September 2017, Minister of Heritage Mélanie Joly announced that Netflix had agreed to make a CA$500 million (US$400 million) investment over the next five years in producing content in Canada. The company denied that the deal was intended to result in a tax break.[188][189] Netflix realized this goal by December 2018.[190]

In October 2017, Netflix iterated a goal of having half of its library consist of original content by 2019, announcing a plan to invest $8 billion on original content in 2018. There will be a particular focus on films and anime through this investment, with a plan to produce 80 original films and 30 anime series.[191]

In October 2017, Netflix introduced the «Skip Intro» feature which allows customers to skip the intros to shows on its platform. They do so through a variety of techniques including manual reviewing, audio tagging, and machine learning.[192][193]

In November 2017, Netflix signed an exclusive multi-year deal with Orange Is the New Black creator Jenji Kohan.[194]

In November 2017, Netflix withdrew from co-hosting the 75th Golden Globe Awards with The Weinstein Company due to the Harvey Weinstein sexual abuse cases.[195]

Expansion into international productions (2017–2020)[edit]

In November 2017, Netflix announced that it would be making its first original Colombian series, to be executive produced by Ciro Guerra.[196] In December 2017, Netflix signed Stranger Things director-producer Shawn Levy and his production company 21 Laps Entertainment to what sources say is a four-year deal.[197] In 2017, Netflix invested in distributing exclusive stand-up comedy specials from Dave Chappelle, Louis C.K., Chris Rock, Jim Gaffigan, Bill Burr and Jerry Seinfeld.[198]

In February 2018, Netflix acquired the rights to The Cloverfield Paradox from Paramount Pictures for $50 million and launched on its service on February 4, 2018, shortly after airing its first trailer during Super Bowl LII. Analysts believed that Netflix’s purchase of the film helped to make the film instantly profitable for Paramount compared to a more traditional theatrical release, while Netflix benefited from the surprise reveal.[199][200] Other films acquired by Netflix include international distribution for Paramount’s Annihilation[200] and Universal’s News of the World and worldwide distribution of Universal’s Extinction,[201] Warner Bros.’ Mowgli: Legend of the Jungle,[202] Paramount’s The Lovebirds[203] and 20th Century Studios’ The Woman in the Window.[204] In March, the service ordered Formula 1: Drive to Survive, a racing docuseries following teams in the Formula One world championship.[205]

In March 2018, Sky UK announced an agreement with Netflix to integrate Netflix’s subscription VOD offering into its pay-TV service. Customers with its high-end Sky Q set-top box and service will be able to see Netflix titles alongside their regular Sky channels.[206] In October 2022, Netflix revealed that its annual revenue from the UK subscribers in 2021 was £1.4bn.[207]

In April 2018, Netflix pulled out of the Cannes Film Festival, in response to new rules requiring competition films to have been released in French theaters. The Cannes premiere of Okja in 2017 was controversial, and led to discussions over the appropriateness of films with simultaneous digital releases being screened at an event showcasing theatrical film; audience members also booed the Netflix production logo at the screening. Netflix’s attempts to negotiate to allow a limited release in France were curtailed by organizers, as well as French cultural exception law—where theatrically screened films are legally forbidden from being made available via video-on-demand services until at least 36 months after their release.[208][209][210] Besides traditional Hollywood markets as well as from partners like the BBC, Sarandos said the company also looking to expand investments in non-traditional foreign markets due to the growth of viewers outside of North America. At the time, this included programs such as Dark from Germany, Ingobernable from Mexico and 3% from Brazil.[211][212][213]

On May 22, 2018, former president Barack Obama and his wife Michelle Obama signed a deal to produce docu-series, documentaries and features for Netflix under the Obamas’ newly formed production company, Higher Ground Productions.[214][215]

In June 2018, Netflix announced a partnership with Telltale Games to port its adventure games to the service in a streaming video format, allowing simple controls through a television remote.[216][217] The first game, Minecraft: Story Mode, was released in November 2018.[218] In July 2018, Netflix earned the most Emmy nominations of any network for the first time with 112 nods. On August 27, 2018, the company signed a five-year exclusive overall deal with international best–selling author Harlan Coben.[219] On the same day, the company inked an overall deal with Gravity Falls creator Alex Hirsch.[220] In October 2018, Netflix paid under $30 million to acquire Albuquerque Studios (ABQ Studios), a $91 million film and TV production facility with eight sound stages in Albuquerque, New Mexico, for its first U.S. production hub, pledging to spend over $1 billion over the next decade to create one of the largest film studios in North America.[221][222] In November 2018, Paramount Pictures signed a multi-picture film deal with Netflix, making Paramount the first major film studio to sign a deal with Netflix.[223] A sequel to AwesomenessTV’s To All the Boys I’ve Loved Before was released on Netflix under the title To All the Boys: P.S. I Still Love You as part of the agreement.[224] In December 2018, the company announced a partnership with ESPN Films on a television documentary chronicling Michael Jordan and the 1997–98 Chicago Bulls season titled The Last Dance. It was released internationally on Netflix and became available for streaming in the United States three months after a broadcast airing on ESPN.[225][226]

In January 2019, Sex Education made its debut as a Netflix original series with much critical acclaim.[227] On January 22, 2019, Netflix sought and was approved for membership into the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA), as the first streaming service to become a member of the association.[228] In February 2019, The Haunting creator Mike Flanagan joined frequent collaborator Trevor Macy as a partner in Intrepid Pictures and the duo signed an exclusive overall deal with Netflix to produce television content.[229] On May 9, 2019, Netflix contracted with Dark Horse Entertainment to make television series and films based on comics from Dark Horse Comics.[230] In July 2019, Netflix announced that it would be opening a hub at Shepperton Studios as part of a deal with Pinewood Group.[231] In early August 2019, Netflix negotiated an exclusive multi-year film and television deal with Game of Thrones creators and showrunners David Benioff and D.B. Weiss.[232][233][234][235][236] The first Netflix production created by Benioff and Weiss was planned as an adaptation of Liu Cixin’s science fiction novel The Three-Body Problem, part of the Remembrance of Earth’s Past trilogy.[237] On September 30, 2019, in addition to renewing Stranger Things for a fourth season, Netflix announced signing the series’ creators The Duffer Brothers to a nine-figure deal for additional films and televisions shows over multiple years.[238]

On November 13, 2019, Netflix and Nickelodeon entered into a multi-year agreement to produce several original animated feature films and television series based on Nickelodeon’s library of characters. This agreement expanded on their existing relationship, in which new specials based on the past Nickelodeon series Invader Zim and Rocko’s Modern Life (Invader Zim: Enter the Florpus and Rocko’s Modern Life: Static Cling respectively) were released by Netflix. Other new projects planned under the team-up include a music project featuring Squidward Tentacles from the animated television series SpongeBob SquarePants, and films based on The Loud House and Rise of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles.[239][240][241] In November 2019, Netflix announced it had signed a long-term lease to save the Paris Theatre, the last single-screen movie theater in Manhattan. The company oversaw several renovations at the theater, including new seats and a concession stand.[242][243][244]

Ted Sarandos, longtime CCO and named co-CEO in 2020

In January 2020, Netflix announced a new four-film deal with Adam Sandler worth up to $275 million.[245] On February 25, 2020, Netflix formed partnerships with six Japanese creators to produce an original Japanese anime project. This partnership includes manga creator group CLAMP, mangaka Shin Kibayashi, mangaka Yasuo Ohtagaki, novelist and film director Otsuichi, novelist Tow Ubutaka, and manga creator Mari Yamazaki.[246] On March 4, 2020, ViacomCBS announced that it will be producing two spin-off films based on SpongeBob SquarePants for Netflix.[247] On April 7, 2020, Peter Chernin’s Chernin Entertainment made a multi-year first-look deal with Netflix to make films.[248] On May 29, 2020, Netflix announced the acquisition of Grauman’s Egyptian Theatre from the American Cinematheque to use as a special events venue.[249][8][250] In July 2020, Netflix appointed Sarandos as co-CEO.[30][251] In July 2020, Netflix invested in Black Mirror creators Charlie Brooker and Annabel Jones’ new production outfit Broke And Bones.[9]

In September 2020, Netflix signed a multi-million dollar deal with the Duke and Duchess of Sussex. Harry and Meghan agreed to a multi-year deal promising to create TV shows, films, and children’s content as part of their commitment to stepping away from the duties of the royal family.[252][253] In September 2020, Hastings released a book about the Netflix culture titled No Rules Rules: Netflix and the Culture of Reinvention, which was co-authored by Erin Meyer.[254] In December 2020, Netflix signed a first-look deal with Millie Bobby Brown to develop and star in several projects including a potential action franchise.[255]

Expansion into gaming, Squid Game (2021–present)[edit]

In March 2021, Netflix earned the most Academy Award nominations of any studio, with 36. Netflix won seven Academy Awards, which was the most by any studio. Later that year, Netflix also won more Emmys than any other network or studio with 44 wins, tying the record for most Emmys won in a single year set by CBS in 1974. On April 8, 2021, Sony Pictures Entertainment announced an agreement for Netflix to hold the U.S. pay television window rights to its releases beginning in 2022, replacing Starz and expanding upon an existing agreement with Sony Pictures Animation. The agreement also includes a first-look deal for any future direct-to-streaming films being produced by Sony Pictures, with Netflix required to commit to a minimum number of them.[256][257][258] On April 27, 2021, Netflix announced that it was opening its first Canadian headquarters in Toronto.[259] The company also announced that it would open an office in Sweden as well as Rome and Istanbul to increase its original content in those regions.[260]

In early June, Netflix hosted a first-ever week-long virtual event called “Geeked Week,” where it shared exclusive news, new trailers, cast appearances and more about upcoming genre titles like The Witcher, The Cuphead Show!, and The Sandman.[261]

On June 7, 2021, Jennifer Lopez’s Nuyorican Productions signed a multi-year first-look deal with Netflix spanning feature films, TV series, and unscripted content, with an emphasis on projects that support diverse female actors, writers, and filmmakers.[262] On June 10, 2021, Netflix announced it was launching an online store for curated products tied to the Netflix brand and shows such as Stranger Things and The Witcher.[263][264] On June 21, 2021, Steven Spielberg’s Amblin Partners signed a deal with Netflix to release multiple new feature films for the streaming service.[265][266] On June 30, 2021, Powerhouse Animation Studios (the studio behind Netflix’s Castlevania) announced signing a first-look deal with the streamer to produce more animated series.[267]

In July 2021, Netflix hired Mike Verdu, a former executive from Electronic Arts and Facebook, as vice president of game development, along with plans to add video games by 2022.[268] Netflix announced plans to release mobile games which would be included in subscribers’ plans to the service.[269] Trial offerings were first launched for Netflix users in Poland in August 2021, offering premium mobile games based on Stranger Things including Stranger Things 3: The Game, for free to subscribers through the Netflix mobile app.[270]

On July 14, 2021, Netflix signed a first-look deal with Joey King, star of The Kissing Booth franchise, in which King will produce and develop films for Netflix via her All The King’s Horses production company.[271] On July 21, 2021, Zack Snyder, director of Netflix’s Army of the Dead, announced he had signed his production company The Stone Quarry to a first-look deal with; his upcoming projects include a sequel to Army of the Dead, the sci-fi adventure film Rebel Moon.[272][273][274][275] In 2019, he agreed to produce an anime-style web series inspired by Norse mythology.[276][277]

As of August 2021, Netflix Originals made up 40% of Netflix’s overall library in the United States.[278] The company announced that «TUDUM: A Netflix Global Fan Event», a three-hour virtual behind the scenes featuring first-look reveals for 100 of the streamer’s series, films and specials, would have its inaugural show in late September 2021.[279][280] According to Netflix, the show garnered 25.7 million views across Netflix’s 29 Netflix YouTube channels, Twitter, Twitch, Facebook, TikTok and Tudum.com.[281]

Also in September, the company announced The Queen’s Ball: A Bridgerton Experience, launching in 2022 in Los Angeles, Chicago, Montreal, and Washington, D.C..[282]

Squid Game, a South Korean survival drama created and produced by Hwang Dong-hyuk, had been acquired and produced by Netflix in 2019 as part of its expansion of foreign works and was released worldwide in multiple languages on September 17, 2021. The show rapidly became the service’s most-watched show within a week of its launch in many markets, including Korea, the U.S. and the United Kingdom.[213] Within its first 28 days on the service, Squid Game drew more than 111 million viewers, surpassing Bridgerton and becoming Netflix’s most-watched show.[283] On September 20, 2021, Netflix signed a long-term lease deal with Aviva Investors to operate and expand the Longcross Studios in Surrey, UK.[284] On September 21, 2021, Netflix announced that it would acquire the Roald Dahl Story Company, which manages the rights to Roald Dahl’s stories and characters, for an undisclosed price and would operate it as an independent company.[285][286][287][288]

The company acquired Night School Studio, an independent video game developer, in September 2021.[289] Netflix officially launched mobile games on November 2, 2021, for Android users around the world. Through the app, subscribers had free access to five games, including two previously made Stranger Things titles. Netflix stated that they intend to add more games to this service over time.[290] On November 9, the collection launched for iOS.[291] Some games in the collection require an active internet connection to play, while others will be available offline. Netflix Kids’ accounts will not have games available.[292]

On October 13, 2021, Netflix announced the launch of the Netflix Book Club, where readers will hear about new books, films, and series adaptations and have exclusive access to each book’s adaptation process. Netflix will partner with Starbucks to bring the book club to life via a social series called But Have You Read the Book?. Uzo Aduba will serve as the inaugural host of the series and announce monthly book selections set to be adapted by the streamer. Aduba will also speak with the cast, creators, and authors about the book adaptation process over a cup of coffee at Starbucks.[293][294] Through October 2021, Netflix commonly reported viewership for its programming based on the number of viewers or households that watched a show in a given period (such as the first 28 days from its premiere) for at least two minutes. On the announcement of its quarterly earnings in October 2021, the company stated that it would switch its viewership metrics to measuring the number of hours that a show was watched, including rewatches, which the company said was closer to the measurements used in linear broadcast television, and thus «our members and the industry can better measure success in the streaming world.»[295] On November 16, 2021, Netflix announced the launch of «Top10 on Netflix.com», a new website with weekly global and country lists of the most popular titles on their service based on their new viewership metrics.[296]

On November 22, 2021, Netflix announced that it would acquire Scanline VFX, the visual effects and animation company behind Cowboy Bebop and Stranger Things.[297] On the same day, Roberto Patino signed a deal with Netflix and established his own production banner, Analog Inc., in partnership with the company. Patino’s first project under the deal is a series adaptation of Image Comics’ Nocterra.[298] On December 6, 2021, Netflix and Stage 32 announced that they have teamed up the workshops at the Creating Content for the Global Marketplace program.[299] On December 7, 2021, Netflix partnered with IllumiNative, a woman-led non-profit organization, for the Indigenous Producers Training Program.[300][301]

On December 9, 2021, Netflix announced the launch of «Tudum,» an official companion website that offers news, exclusive interviews and behind-the-scenes videos for its original television shows and films.[302] On December 13, 2021, Netflix signed a multi-year overall deal with Kalinda Vazquez.[303] On December 16, 2021, Netflix signed a multi-year creative partnership with Spike Lee and his production company 40 Acres and a Mule Filmworks to develop film and television projects.[304] In December 2021, former Netflix engineer Sung Mo Jun was sentenced to 2 years in prison for an insider trading scheme where he leaked subscriber numbers in advance of official releases.[305][306]

In compliance with the EU Audiovisual Media Services Directive and its implementation in France, Netflix reached commitments with French broadcasting authorities and film guilds, as required by law, to invest a specific amount of its annual revenue into original French films and series. These films must be theatrically released and would not be allowed to be carried on Netflix until 15 months after their release.[307][308]

In January 2022, Netflix ordered additional sports docuseries from Drive to Survive producers Box to Box Films, including a series that would follow PGA Tour golfers, and another that would follow professional tennis players on the ATP and WTA Tour circuits.[309][310]

The company announced plans to acquire Next Games in March 2022 for €65 million as part of Netflix’s expansions into gaming. Next Games had developed the mobile title Stranger Things: Puzzle Tales as well as two The Walking Dead mobile games.[311] Later in the month, Netflix also acquired the Texas-based mobile game developer, Boss Fight Entertainment, for an undisclosed sum.[312]

On March 15, 2022, Netflix announced a partnership with Dr. Seuss Enterprises to produce five new series and specials based on Seuss properties following the success of Green Eggs and Ham.[313][314] On March 29, 2022, Netflix announced that it would open an office in Poland to serve as a hub for its original productions across Central and Eastern Europe.[315] On March 30, 2022, Netflix extended its lease agreement with Martini Film Studios, just outside Vancouver, Canada, for another five years.[316] On March 31, 2022, Netflix ordered a docuseries that would follow teams in the 2022 Tour de France, which would also be co-produced by Box to Box Films.[317]

Following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Netflix suspended its operations and future projects in Russia.[318][5] It also announced that it would not comply with a proposed directive by Roskomnadzor requiring all internet streaming services with more than 100,000 subscribers to integrate the major free-to-air channels (which are primarily state-owned).[319] A month later, ex-Russian subscribers filed a class action lawsuit against Netflix.[320][321]

At the end of Q1 2022, Netflix announced a decline in subscribers with almost 200,000 fewer viewers than at the end of the previous year.[322] Netflix stated that 100 million households globally were sharing passwords to their account with others, and that Canada and the United States accounted for 30 million of them. Following these announcements, Netflix’s stock price fell by 35 percent.[323][324][325][326] By June 2022, Netflix had laid off 450 full-time and contract employees as part of the company’s plan to trim costs amid lower than expected subscriber growth. The layoffs represented approximately 2 percent of the workforce and spread across the company globally.[327][328][329][330]

On April 13, 2022, Netflix released the series Our Great National Parks, which was hosted and narrated by former US President Barack Obama.[331] It also partnered with Group Effort Initiative, a company founded by Ryan Reynolds and Blake Lively, to provide opportunities behind the camera for those in underrepresented communities.[332] On the same day, Netflix partnered with Lebanon-based Arab Fund For Arts And Culture for supporting the Arab female filmmakers. It will provide a one-time grant of $250,000 to female producers and directors in the Arab world through the company’s Fund for Creative Equity.[333] Also on the same day, Netflix announced an Exploding Kittens mobile card game tied to a new animated TV series, which will launch in May.[334] Netflix announced that they have formed a creative partnership with J. Miles Dale.[335] The company also formed a partnership with Japan’s Studio Colorido, signing a multi-film deal to boost their anime content in Asia. The streaming giant is said to co-produce three feature films with the studio, the first of which will premiere in September 2022.[336]

On April 28, 2022, the company launched its inaugural Netflix Is a Joke comedy festival, featuring more than 250 shows over 12 nights at 30-plus locations across Los Angeles, including the first-ever stand-up show at Dodger Stadium.[337][338]

The first volume of Stranger Things 4 logged Netflix’s biggest premiere weekend ever for an original series with 286.79 million hours viewed.[339] This was preceded by a new Stranger Things interactive experience hosted in New York City that was developed by the show’s creators.[340] After the release of the second volume of Stranger Things 4 on July 1, 2022, it became Netflix’s second title to receive more than one billion hours viewed.[341]

On July 19, 2022, Netflix announced plans to acquire Australian animation studio Animal Logic.[342][343]

On July 22, 2022, it was reported that Netflix lost almost a million subscribers, which reduced its total subscribers down to 220.7 million.[344][345]

On September 5, 2022, it was reported that Netflix opened its office in Warsaw, Poland, responsible for the service’s operations in 28 markets in Central and Eastern Europe.[346]

On October 4, 2022, Netflix have signed a creative partnership with Andrea Berloff and John Gatins.[347]

On October 11, 2022, Netflix signed up to the Broadcasters’ Audience Research Board for external measurement of viewership in the UK.[348]

On October 12, 2022, Netflix signed to build a production complex at Fort Monmouth in Eatontown, New Jersey.[349]

At the end of Q3, it was reported that Netflix gained 2.41 million new subscribers, including a gain of 100,000 in North America, totaling 223.1 million subscribers worldwide. This exceeded Netflix’s prediction of a gain of 1 million subscribers for the quarter.[350]

On October 18, 2022, Netflix announced they are exploring a cloud gaming offering as well as opening a new gaming studio in Southern California.[351]

Availability and access[edit]

Global availability[edit]

Availability of Netflix, as of March 2022:

  Available

Netflix is available in every country and territory except for China, North Korea, Crimea, Syria and Russia.[354]

In January 2016, Netflix announced it would begin VPN blocking since they can be used to watch videos from a country where they are unavailable.[355] The result of the VPN block is that people can only watch videos available worldwide and other videos are hidden from search results.[356] Variety is present on Netflix. Hebrew and right-to-left interface orientation, which is a common localization strategy in many markets, are what define the Israeli user interface’s localization, and in some regions, Netflix offers a more affordable mobile-only subscription.[357]

Subscriptions[edit]

Globally, Netflix had 223.09 million paying subscribers at the end of Q3 2022.[358][359] Customers can subscribe to one of three plans; the difference in plans relate to video resolution, the number of simultaneous streams, and the number of devices to which content can be downloaded.[360]

At the end of Q1 2022, Netflix estimated that 100 million households globally were sharing passwords to their account with others.[325] In March 2022, Netflix began to charge a fee for additional users in Chile, Peru, and Costa Rica to attempt to control account sharing.[323][324][325] On July 18, 2022, Netflix announced that it would test the account sharing feature in more countries, including Argentina, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras.[361] On October 17, Netflix launched Profile Transfer to help end account sharing.[362]

In July 13, 2022, Netflix announced a partnership with Microsoft to launch an advertising-supported subscription plan.[363] On August 17, 2022, it was reported that Netflix’s planned advertising tier would not allow subscribers to download content like the existing ad-free platform.[364] On July 20, 2022, it was announced that the advertising-supported tier would be coming to Netflix in 2023 but it would not feature the full library of content.[365] Netflix US launched with 5.1% of the library unavailable including 60 Netflix Originals.[366] In September, Netflix announced that the launch would be moved up to November 1, 2022,[367][368] but in October, the launch date was changed to November 3, 2022. The ad-supported plan is called «Basic with Ads» and it costs $6.99 per month in the United States.[369] In Canada, the plan was launched two days later, on November 1.[370]

Device support[edit]

Netflix can be accessed via an internet browser on PCs, while Netflix apps are available on various platforms, including Blu-ray Disc players, tablet computers, mobile phones, smart TVs, digital media players, and video game consoles (including Xbox 360 and newer, and PlayStation 3 and newer).

In addition, a growing number of multichannel television providers, including cable television and IPTV services, have added Netflix apps accessible within their own set-top boxes, sometimes with the ability for its content (along with those of other online video services) to be presented within a unified search interface alongside linear television programming as an «all-in-one» solution.[371][372][373][374]

Content[edit]

Original programming[edit]

A «Netflix Original» is content that is produced, co-produced, or distributed by Netflix exclusively on their services. Netflix funds their original shows differently than other TV networks when they sign a project, providing the money upfront and immediately ordering two seasons of most series.[375]

Over the years, Netflix output ballooned to a level unmatched by any television network or streaming service. According to Variety Insight, Netflix produced a total of 240 new original shows and movies in 2018, then climbed to 371 in 2019, a figure «greater than the number of original series that the entire U.S. TV industry released in 2005.»[376] The Netflix budget allocated to production increased annually, reaching $13.6 billion in 2021 and projected to hit $18.9 billion by 2025, a figure that once again overshadowed any of its competitors.[377] As of August 2022, Netflix Originals made up 50% of Netflix’s overall library in the United States.[378]

Film and television deals[edit]

Netflix has exclusive pay TV deals with several studios. The deals give Netflix exclusive streaming rights while adhering to the structures of traditional pay TV terms.

Distributors that have licensed content to Netflix include Warner Bros., Universal Pictures, Sony Pictures Entertainment and previously The Walt Disney Studios (including 20th Century Fox). Netflix also holds current and back-catalog rights to television programs distributed by Walt Disney Television, DreamWorks Classics, Kino International, Warner Bros. Television and CBS Media Ventures, along with titles from other companies such as Allspark (formerly Hasbro Studios), Saban Brands, and Funimation. Formerly, the streaming service also held rights to select television programs distributed by NBCUniversal Television Distribution, Sony Pictures Television and 20th Century Fox Television.

Netflix negotiated to distribute animated films from Universal that HBO declined to acquire, such as The Lorax, ParaNorman, and Minions.[379]

Netflix holds exclusive streaming rights to the film library of Studio Ghibli (with the exception of Grave of the Fireflies) worldwide except in the U.S., Canada, China and Japan as part of an agreement signed with Ghibli’s international sales holder Wild Bunch in 2020.

Gaming[edit]

In July 2021, Netflix hired Mike Verdu, a former executive from Electronic Arts and Facebook, as vice president of game development, along with plans to add video games by 2022.[380] Netflix announced plans to release mobile games which would be included in subscribers’ plans to the service.[381] Trial offerings were first launched for Netflix users in Poland in August 2021, offering premium mobile games based on Stranger Things including Stranger Things 3: The Game, for free to subscribers through the Netflix mobile app.[382]

Netflix officially launched mobile games on November 2, 2021, for Android users around the world. Through the app, subscribers had free access to five games, including two previously made Stranger Things titles. Netflix stated that they intend to add more games to this service over time.[383] On November 9, the collection launched for iOS.[384] Verdu said in October 2022 that besides continuing to expand their portfolio of games, they were also interested in cloud gaming options.[385]

To support the games effort, Netflix began acquiring and forming a number of studios. The company acquired Night School Studio, an independent video game developer, in September 2021.[386] They announced plans to acquire Next Games in March 2022 for €65 million as part of Netflix’s expansions into gaming. Next Games had developed the mobile title Stranger Things: Puzzle Tales as well as two The Walking Dead mobile games.[387] Later in the month, Netflix also acquired the Texas-based mobile game developer, Boss Fight Entertainment, for an undisclosed sum.[312] Netflix opened a mobile game studio in Helsinki, Finland in September 2022,[388] and a new studio, their fifth total, in southern California in October 2022,[385] alongside the acquisition of Spry Fox in Seattle.[389]

As of October 2022, the service had 35 games available, and Netflix stated they had more than 55 games in development.[390] By August 2022, Netflix’s gaming platform was reported to have an average 1.7 million users a day, less than 1% of the streaming service’s subscribers at the time.[391]

Technology[edit]

Content delivery[edit]

Netflix settlement freely peers with Internet service providers (ISPs) directly and at common Internet exchange points. In June 2012, a custom content delivery network, Open Connect, was announced.[392] For larger ISPs with over 100,000 subscribers, Netflix offers free Netflix Open Connect server appliances that cache their content within the ISPs’ data centers or networks to further reduce Internet transit costs.[393][394] By August 2016, Netflix closed its last physical data center, but continued to develop its Open Connect technology.[395] A 2016 study at the University of London detected 233 individual Open Connect locations on over six continents, with the largest amount of traffic in the USA, followed by Mexico.[396][397]

As of July 2017, Netflix series and movies accounted for more than a third of all prime-time download Internet traffic in North America.[398]

API[edit]

On October 1, 2008, Netflix offered access to its service via a public application programming interface (API).[399] It allowed access to data for all Netflix titles, and allows users to manage their movie queues. The API was free and allowed commercial use.[400] In June 2012, Netflix began to restrict the availability of its public API.[401] They instead focused on a small number of known partners using private interfaces, since most traffic came from those private interfaces.[402] In June 2014, Netflix announced they would be retiring the public API; it became effective November 14, 2014.[403] They then partnered with the developers of eight services deemed the most valuable, including Instant Watcher, Fanhattan, Yidio and Nextguide.[404]

Corporate affairs[edit]

Historical financials and membership growth[edit]

Worldwide VOD subscribers of Netflix[405]

Year Revenue
in millions of US$ 		Employees Paid memberships
in millions
2005 682 2.5
2006 997 4.0
2007 1,205 7.3
2008 1,365 9.4
2009 1,670 11.9
2010 2,163 2,180 18.3
2011 3,205 2,348 21.6
2012 3,609 2,045 30.4
2013 4,375 2,022 41.4
2014 5,505 2,450 54.5
2015 6,780 3,700 70.8
2016 8,831 4,700 89.1
2017 11,693 5,500 117.5
2018 15,794 7,100 139.3
2019 20,156 8,600 167.1
2020 24,996 9,400 203.7
2021 29,697 11,300 221.8
Summation 142,723 61,345 1,210.6
Approximate average 8,395 5,112 71

Corporate culture[edit]

Netflix’s original Los Gatos headquarters (2006-2022)[406]

Netflix’s current Los Gatos headquarters (2022-present)[406]

Netflix grants all employees extremely broad discretion with respect to business decisions, expenses, and vacation—but in return expects consistently high performance, as enforced by what is known as the «keeper test.»[407][408] All supervisors are expected to constantly ask themselves if they would fight to keep an employee. If the answer is no, then it is time to let that employee go.[409] A slide from an internal presentation on Netflix’s corporate culture summed up the test as: «Adequate performance gets a generous severance package.»[408] Such packages reportedly range from four months’ salary in the United States to as much as six months in the Netherlands.[409]

The company offers unlimited vacation time for salaried workers and allows employees to take any amount of their paychecks in stock options.[410]

About the culture that results from applying such a demanding test, Hastings has said that «You gotta earn your job every year at Netflix,»[411] and, «There’s no question it’s a tough place…There’s no question it’s not for everyone.»[412] Hastings has drawn an analogy to athletics: professional athletes lack long-term job security because an injury could end their career in any particular game, but they learn to put aside their fear of that constant risk and focus on working with great colleagues in the current moment.[413]

Environmental impact[edit]

In March 2021, Netflix announced that it would work to reach net zero greenhouse gas emissions by the end of 2022, while investing in programs to preserve or restore ecosystems. The company stated that it would cut emissions from its operations and electricity use by 45 percent by 2030. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and lack of content production, Netflix had a 14 percent drop in emissions in 2020.[414][415] In 2021, Netflix bought 1.5 million carbon credits from 17 projects around the world.[416]

Awards[edit]

On July 18, 2013, Netflix earned the first Primetime Emmy Award nominations for original streaming programs at the 65th Primetime Emmy Awards. Three of its series, Arrested Development, Hemlock Grove and House of Cards, earned a combined 14 nominations (nine for House of Cards, three for Arrested Development and two for Hemlock Grove).[417] The House of Cards episode «Chapter 1» received four nominations for both the 65th Primetime Emmy Awards and 65th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards, becoming the first episode of a streaming television series to receive a major Primetime Emmy Award nomination. With its win for Outstanding Cinematography for a Single-Camera Series, «Chapter 1» became the first episode from a streaming service to be awarded an Emmy.[417][418][419] David Fincher’s win for Directing for a Drama Series for House of Cards made the episode the first from a streaming service to win a Primetime Emmy.[420]

On November 6, 2013, Netflix earned its first Grammy nomination when You’ve Got Time by Regina Spektor — the main title theme song for Orange Is the New Black — was nominated for Best Song Written for Visual Media.[421]

On December 12, 2013, the network earned six nominations for Golden Globe Awards, including four for House of Cards.[422] Among those nominations was Wright for Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Television Series Drama for her portrayal of Claire Underwood, which she won. With the accolade, Wright became the first actress to win a Golden Globe for a streaming television series. It also marked Netflix’s first major acting award.[423][424][425] House of Cards and Orange is the New Black also won Peabody Awards in 2013.[426]

On Jan. 16, 2014, Netflix became the first streaming service to earn an Academy Award nomination when The Square was nominated for Best Documentary Feature.[427]

On July 10, 2014, Netflix received 31 Emmy nominations. Among other nominations, House of Cards received nominations for Outstanding Drama Series, Outstanding Directing in a Drama Series and Outstanding Writing in a Drama Series. Kevin Spacey and Robin Wright were nominated for Outstanding Lead Actor and Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series. Orange is the New Black was nominated in the comedy categories, earning nominations for Outstanding Comedy Series, Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series and Outstanding Directing for a Comedy Series. Taylor Schilling, Kate Mulgrew, and Uzo Aduba were respectively nominated for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series, Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series and Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series (the latter was for Aduba’s recurring role in season one, as she was promoted to series regular for the show’s second season).[428]

Netflix got the largest share of 2016 Emmy award nominations, with 16 major nominations. However, streaming shows only got 24 nominations out of a total of 139, falling significantly behind cable. The 16 Netflix nominees were: House of Cards with Kevin Spacey, A Very Murray Christmas with Bill Murray, Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt, Master of None, and Bloodline.[429]

Stranger Things received 19 nominations at the 2017 Primetime Emmy Awards, while The Crown received 13 nominations.[430]

In December 2017, Netflix was awarded PETA’s Company of the Year for promoting animal rights movies and documentaries like Forks Over Knives and What the Health.[431][432]

At the 90th Academy Awards, held on March 4, 2018, the film Icarus, distributed by Netflix, won its first Oscar for Best Documentary Feature. During his remarks backstage, director and writer Bryan Fogel remarked that Netflix had «single-handedly changed the documentary world.» Icarus had its premiere at the 2017 Sundance Film Festival and was bought by Netflix for $5 million, one of the biggest deals ever for a non-fiction film.[433] Netflix became the network whose programs received more nomination at the 2018 Primetime and Creative Arts Emmy Awards with 112 nominations, therefore breaking HBO’s 17-years record as a network whose programs received more nomination at the Emmys, which received 108 nominations.[434][435]

On January 22, 2019, films distributed by Netflix scored 15 nominations for the 91st Academy Awards, including Academy Award for Best Picture for Alfonso Cuarón’s Roma, which was nominated for 10 awards.[436] The 15 nominations equal the total nominations films distributed by Netflix had received in previous years.

In 2020, Netflix received 20 TV nominations and films distributed by Netflix also got 22 film nominations at the 78th Golden Globe Awards. It secured three out of the five nominations for best drama TV series for The Crown, Ozark and Ratched and four of the five nominations for best actress in a TV series: Olivia Colman, Emma Corrin, Laura Linney and Sarah Paulson.[437][438]

In 2020, Netflix earned 24 Academy Award nominations, marking the first time a streaming service led all studios.[439]

Films and programs distributed by Netflix received 30 nominations at the 2021 Screen Actors Guild Awards, more than any other distribution company, where their distributed films and programs won 7 awards including best motion picture for The Trial of the Chicago 7 and best TV drama for The Crown.[440][441] Netflix also received the most nominations of any studio at the 93rd Academy Awards — 35 total nominations with 7 award wins.[442][443]

In February 2022, The Power of the Dog gritty western distributed by Netflix and directed by Jane Campion, received 12 nominations, including Best Picture, for the 94th annual Academy Awards. Films distributed by the streamer received a total of 72 nominations.[444] Campion became the third female to receive the Best Director award, winning her second Oscar for The Power of the Dog.[445] At the 50th International Emmy Awards in November 2022, Netflix original Sex Education won Best Comedy Series.[446]

Criticism[edit]

Netflix has been subject to criticism from various groups and individuals as its popularity and market reach increased in the 2010s.

Customers have complained about price increases in Netflix offerings dating back to the company’s decision to separate its DVD rental and streaming services, which was quickly reversed. As Netflix increased its streaming output, it has faced calls to limit accessibility to graphic content and include viewer advisories for issues such as sensationalism and promotion of pseudoscience. Netflix’s content has also been criticized by disability rights advocates for lack of captioning quality.[447]

Some media organizations and competitors have criticized Netflix for selectively releasing ratings and viewer numbers of its original programming. The company has made claims boasting about viewership records without providing data to substantiate its successes or using problematic estimation methods.[448] In March 2020, some government agencies called for Netflix and other streamers to limit services due to increased broadband and energy consumption as use of the platform increased. In response, the company announced it would reduce bit rates across all streams in Europe, thus decreasing Netflix traffic on European networks by around 25 percent. These same steps were later taken in India.[citation needed]

In May 2022, Netflix’s shareholder Imperium Irrevocable Trust filed a lawsuit against the company for violating the U.S. securities laws.[449]

See also[edit]

  • List of streaming media services

References[edit]

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Further reading[edit]

  • Hastings, Reed (2020). No Rules Rules: Netflix and the Culture of Reinvention. Penguin Press. ISBN 978-1-984877-86-4.
  • McDonald, Kevin; Smith-Rowsey, Daniel (2016). The Netflix Effect (1st ed.). Bloomsbury Academic & Professional. ISBN 978-1-5013-0944-1.

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Netflix.

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Источник
Netflix, Inc.

Netflix 2015 logo.svg

Logo used since 2014

Screenshot

Netflix - English.jpg

Screenshot of Netflix’s English website in 2019
Type of business Public

Type of site

 OTT streaming platform
Available in

List

  • Arabic (Egyptian and Modern Standard)
  • Catalan (content only)
  • Chinese (Cantonese and Mandarin)
  • Croatian
  • Czech
  • Danish
  • Dutch
  • English (American and British)
  • Filipino
  • Finnish
  • French
  • German
  • Greek
  • Hebrew
  • Hindi[1]
  • Hungarian
  • Indonesian[2]
  • Italian
  • Japanese
  • Kannada
  • Korean
  • Malay
  • Malayalam
  • Norwegian (Bokmål)
  • Polish
  • Portuguese (Brazilian and European)
  • Romanian
  • Serbian (content only)
  • Spanish (European and Latin American)
  • Swedish
  • Tamil
  • Telugu
  • Thai
  • Turkish
  • Ukrainian
  • Urdu (content only)
  • Vietnamese
Traded as
  • Nasdaq: NFLX
  • Nasdaq-100 component
  • S&P 100 component
  • S&P 500 component
Founded August 29, 1997; 25 years ago[3] in Scotts Valley, California, U.S.
Headquarters Los Gatos, California, U.S.
Area served Worldwide (excluding Mainland China, North Korea, Russia and Syria)[4][5]
Founder(s)
  • Reed Hastings
  • Marc Randolph
Key people
  • Reed Hastings (Chairman, Co-CEO)
  • Ted Sarandos (Co-CEO, CCO)
  • Greg Peters (COO, CPO)
Industry Technology & Entertainment industry, mass media
Products
  • Streaming media
  • Pay television
  • Video on demand
  • Mobile gaming
Services
  • Film production
  • Film distribution
  • Television production
  • Television distribution
Revenue Increase US$29.7 billion (2021)
Operating income Increase US$6.195 billion (2021)
Net income Increase US$5.116 billion (2021)
Total assets Increase US$44.585 billion (2021)
Total equity Increase US$15.849 billion (2021)
Employees 12,135 (2021)
Divisions
  • US Streaming
  • International Streaming
  • Domestic DVD
Subsidiaries
  • DVD Netflix (dvd.netflix.com)
  • Millarworld[6]
  • LT-LA[7]
  • Albuquerque Studios
  • Netflix Pictures
  • Netflix Studios
  • Netflix Animation
  • StoryBots, Inc.
  • Grauman’s Egyptian Theatre[8]
  • Broke and Bones (stake)[9]
  • Roald Dahl Story Company
  • Night School Studio
  • Netflix Pty Ltd
  • Scanline VFX
  • Next Games
  • Boss Fight Entertainment
  • Animal Logic
  • Spry Fox
URL www.netflix.com
Registration Required
Users Increase 223.09 million (paid; as of October 20, 2022[10]
[11][12]

Netflix, Inc. is an American subscription video on-demand over-the-top streaming service and production company based in Los Gatos, California. Founded in 1997 by Reed Hastings and Marc Randolph in Scotts Valley, California, it offers a film and television series library through distribution deals as well as its own productions, known as Netflix Originals.

As of September 2022, Netflix had 222 million subscribers worldwide, including 73.3 million in the United States and Canada; 73.0 million in Europe, the Middle East and Africa, 39.6 million in Latin America and 34.8 million in the Asia-Pacific region.[12] It is available worldwide aside from Mainland China, Syria, North Korea, and Russia. Netflix has played a prominent role in independent film distribution, and it is a member of the Motion Picture Association.

Netflix can be accessed via web browsers or via application software installed on smart TVs, set-top boxes connected to televisions, tablet computers, smartphones, digital media players, Blu-ray players, video game consoles and virtual reality headsets on the list of Netflix-compatible devices.[13][14][15][16] It is available in 4K resolution.[17] In the United States, the company provided Digital Video Disc (DVD)[18] and Blu-ray rentals delivered individually via the United States Postal Service from regional warehouses.[19]

Netflix initially both sold and rented DVDs by mail, but the sales were eliminated within a year to focus on the DVD rental business.[20][21] In 2007, Netflix introduced streaming media and video on demand. The company expanded to Canada in 2010, followed by Latin America and the Caribbean. Netflix entered the film and television production industry in 2013, debuting its first series House of Cards. In January 2016, it expanded to an additional 130 countries and then operated in 190 countries.

The company is ranked 115th on the Fortune 500[22] and 219th on the Forbes Global 2000.[23] It is the second largest entertainment/media company by market capitalization as of February 2022.[24] In 2021, Netflix was ranked as the eighth-most trusted brand globally by Morning Consult.[25] During the 2010s, Netflix was the top-performing stock in the S&P 500 stock market index, with a total return of 3,693%.[26][27]

Netflix is headquartered in Los Gatos, California, in Santa Clara County,[28][29] with the two CEOs, Hastings and Ted Sarandos, split between Los Gatos and Los Angeles, respectively.[30][31][32] It also operates international offices in Asia, Europe and Latin America including in Canada, France, Brazil, the Netherlands, India, Italy, Japan, Poland, South Korea and the United Kingdom. The company has production hubs in Los Angeles,[33] Albuquerque,[34] London,[35] Madrid, Vancouver and Toronto.[36] Compared to other distributors, Netflix pays more for TV shows up front, but keeps more «upside» (i.e. future revenue opportunities from possible syndication, merchandising, etc.) on big hits.[37][38]

History[edit]

First logo, used from 1997 to 2000

Second logo, used from 2000 to 2001

Third logo, used from 2001 to 2014

Fourth and current logo, used since 2014

Launch as a mail-based rental business (1997–2006)[edit]

Marc Randolph, co-founder of Netflix and the first CEO of the company

Reed Hastings, co-founder and the current chairman and CEO

Netflix was founded by Marc Randolph and Reed Hastings on August 29, 1997 in Scotts Valley, California. Hastings, a computer scientist and mathematician, was a co-founder of Pure Atria, which was acquired by Rational Software Corporation that year for $750 million, then the biggest acquisition in Silicon Valley history.[39] Randolph had worked as a marketing director for Pure Atria after Pure Atria acquired a company where Randolph worked. He was previously a co-founder of MicroWarehouse, a computer mail-order company as well as vice president of marketing for Borland International.[40][41] Hastings and Randolph came up with the idea for Netflix while carpooling between their homes in Santa Cruz, California and Pure Atria’s headquarters in Sunnyvale.[21] Patty McCord, later head of human resources at Netflix, was also in the carpool group.[42] Randolph admired Amazon.com and wanted to find a large category of portable items to sell over the Internet using a similar model. Hastings and Randolph considered and rejected selling and renting VHS tapes as too expensive to stock and too delicate to ship.[40] When they heard about DVDs, first introduced in the United States in early 1997, they tested the concept of selling or renting DVDs by mail by mailing a compact disc to Hastings’s house in Santa Cruz.[40] When the disc arrived intact, they decided to enter the $16 billion home-video sales and rental industry.[40][21] Hastings is often quoted saying that he decided to start Netflix after being fined $40 at a Blockbuster store for being late to return a copy of Apollo 13, a claim since repudiated by Randolph.[21] Hastings invested $2.5 million into Netflix from the sale of Pure Atria.[43][21] Netflix launched as the first DVD rental and sales website with 30 employees and 925 titles available—nearly all DVDs published.[21][44][45] Randolph and Hastings met with Jeff Bezos, where Amazon offered to acquire Netflix for between $14 and $16 million. Fearing competition from Amazon, Randolph at first thought the offer was fair but Hastings, who owned 70% of the company, turned it down on the plane ride home.[46][47]

Initially, Netflix offered a per-rental model for each DVD but introduced a monthly subscription concept in September 1999.[48] The per-rental model was dropped by early 2000, allowing the company to focus on the business model of flat-fee unlimited rentals without due dates, late fees, shipping and handling fees, or per-title rental fees.[49] In September 2000, during the dot-com bubble, while Netflix was suffering losses, Hastings and Randolph offered to sell the company to Blockbuster LLC for $50 million. John Antioco, CEO of Blockbuster, thought the offer was a joke and declined, saying «The dot-com hysteria is completely overblown.»[50][51] While Netflix experienced fast growth in early 2001, the continued effects of the dot-com bubble collapse and the September 11 attacks caused the company to hold off plans for its initial public offering (IPO) and to lay off one-third of its 120 employees.[52]

Opened Netflix rental envelope containing a DVD copy of Coach Carter (2005)

DVD players were a popular gift for holiday sales in late 2001, and demand for DVD subscription services were «growing like crazy», according to chief talent officer Patty McCord.[53] The company went public on May 29, 2002, selling 5.5 million shares of common stock at US$15.00 per share.[54] In 2003, Netflix was issued a patent by the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office to cover its subscription rental service and several extensions.[55] Netflix posted its first profit in 2003, earning $6.5 million on revenues of $272 million; by 2004, profit had increased to $49 million on over $500 million in revenues.[56] In 2005, 35,000 different films were available, and Netflix shipped 1 million DVDs out every day.[57]

In 2004, Blockbuster introduced a DVD rental service, which not only allowed users to check out titles through online sites but allowed for them to return them at brick-and-mortar stores.[58] By 2006, Blockbuster’s service reached two million users, and while trailing Netflix’s subscriber count, was drawing business away from Netflix. Netflix lowered fees in 2007.[56] While it was an urban legend that Netflix ultimately «killed» Blockbuster in the DVD rental market, Blockbuster’s debt load and internal disagreements hurt the company.[58]

On April 4, 2006, Netflix filed a patent infringement lawsuit in which it demanded a jury trial in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, alleging that Blockbuster LLC’s online DVD rental subscription program violated two patents held by Netflix. The first cause of action alleged Blockbuster’s infringement of copying the «dynamic queue» of DVDs available for each customer, Netflix’s method of using the ranked preferences in the queue to send DVDs to subscribers, and Netflix’s method permitting the queue to be updated and reordered.[59] The second cause of action alleged infringement of the subscription rental service as well as Netflix’s methods of communication and delivery.[60] The companies settled their dispute on June 25, 2007; terms were not disclosed.[61][62][63][64]

On October 1, 2006, Netflix announced the Netflix Prize, $1,000,000 to the first developer of a video-recommendation algorithm that could beat its existing algorithm Cinematch, at predicting customer ratings by more than 10%. On September 21, 2009, it awarded the $1,000,000 prize to team «BellKor’s Pragmatic Chaos.»[65] Cinematch, launched in 2000, is a recommendation system that recommended movies to its users, many of which they might not ever had heard of before.[66][67]

Through its division Red Envelope Entertainment, Netflix licensed and distributed independent films such as Born into Brothels and Sherrybaby. In late 2006, Red Envelope Entertainment also expanded into producing original content with filmmakers such as John Waters.[68] Netflix closed Red Envelope Entertainment in 2008.[69][70]

Transition to streaming services (2007–2012)[edit]

In January 2007, the company launched a streaming media service, introducing video on demand via the Internet. However, at that time it only had 1,000 films available for streaming, compared to 70,000 available on DVD.[71] The company had for some time considered offering movies online, but it was only in the mid-2000s that data speeds and bandwidth costs had improved sufficiently to allow customers to download movies from the net. The original idea was a «Netflix box» that could download movies overnight, and be ready to watch the next day. By 2005, Netflix had acquired movie rights and designed the box and service. But after witnessing how popular streaming services such as YouTube were despite the lack of high-definition content, the concept of using a hardware device was scrapped and replaced with a streaming concept.[72]

In February 2007, Netflix delivered its billionth DVD, a copy of Babel to a customer in Texas.[73][74] In April 2007, Netflix recruited Anthony Wood, one of the early DVR business pioneers, to build a «Netflix Player» that would allow streaming content to be played directly on a television set rather than a PC or laptop.[75] While the player was initially developed at Netflix, Reed Hastings eventually shut down the project to help encourage other hardware manufacturers to include built-in Netflix support.[76][77]

In January 2008, all rental-disc subscribers became entitled to unlimited streaming at no additional cost. This change came in a response to the introduction of Hulu and to Apple’s new video-rental services.[78][79][page needed] In August 2008, the Netflix database was corrupted and the company was not able to ship DVDs to customers for 3 days, leading the company to move all its data to the Amazon Web Services cloud.[80] In November 2008, Netflix began offering subscribers rentals on Blu-ray and discontinued its sale of used DVDs.[81] In 2009, Netflix streams overtook DVD shipments.[82]

On January 6, 2010, Netflix agreed with Warner Bros. to delay new release rentals 28 days prior to retail, in an attempt to help studios sell physical copies, and similar deals involving Universal Pictures and 20th Century Fox were reached on April 9.[83][84][85] In July 2010, Netflix signed a deal to stream movies of Relativity Media.[86] In August 2010, Netflix reached a five-year deal worth nearly $1 billion to stream films from Paramount, Lionsgate and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. The deal increased Netflix’s annual spending fees, adding roughly $200 million per year. It spent $117 million in the first six months of 2010 on streaming, up from $31 million in 2009.[87] On September 22, 2010, the company first began offering streaming service to the international market, in Canada.[88][89] In November 2010, Netflix began offering a standalone streaming service separate from DVD rentals.[90]

In 2010, Netflix acquired the rights to Breaking Bad, produced by Sony Pictures Television, after the show’s third season, at a point where original broadcaster AMC had expressed the possibility of cancelling the show. Sony pushed Netflix to release Breaking Bad in time for the fourth season, which as a result, greatly expanded the show’s audience on AMC due to new viewers binging on the Netflix past episodes, and doubling the viewership by the time of the fifth season. Breaking Bad is considered the first such show to have this «Netflix effect.»[91]

In January 2011, Netflix introduced a Netflix button for certain remote controls, allowing users to instantly access Netflix on compatible devices.[92] In May 2011, Netflix’s streaming business became the largest source of Internet streaming traffic in North America, accounting for 30% of traffic during peak hours.[93][94][95][96] On July 12, 2011, Netflix announced that it would separate its existing subscription plans into two separate plans: one covering the streaming and the other DVD rental services.[97][98] The cost for streaming would be $7.99 per month, while DVD rental would start at the same price.[99] In September 2011, Netflix announced a content deal with DreamWorks Animation.[100] In September 2011, Netflix expanded to 43 countries in Latin America.[101][102][103] On September 18, 2011, Netflix announced its intentions to rebrand and restructure its DVD home media rental service as an independent subsidiary called Qwikster, separating DVD rental and streaming services.[104][105][106][107][108] On October 10, 2011, Netflix announced that it would retain its DVD service under the name Netflix and that its streaming and DVD-rental plans would remain branded together.[109][110]

On January 4, 2012, Netflix started its expansion to Europe, launching in the United Kingdom and Ireland.[111] In February 2012, Netflix signed a licensing deal with The Weinstein Company.[112][113] In March 2012, Netflix acquired the domain name DVD.com.[114] By 2016, Netflix rebranded its DVD-by-mail service under the name DVD.com, A Netflix Company.[115][116] In April 2012, Netflix filed with the Federal Election Commission (FEC) to form a political action committee (PAC) called FLIXPAC.[117] Netflix spokesperson Joris Evers tweeted that the intent was to «engage on issues like net neutrality, bandwidth caps, UBB and VPPA».[118][119] In June 2012, Netflix signed a deal with Open Road Films.[120][121]

On August 23, 2012, Netflix and The Weinstein Company signed a multi-year output deal for RADiUS-TWC films.[122][123] In September 2012, Epix signed a five-year streaming deal with Netflix. For the initial two years of this agreement, first-run and back-catalog content from Epix was exclusive to Netflix. Epix films came to Netflix 90 days after premiering on Epix.[124] These included films from Paramount, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and Lionsgate.[125][126]

On October 18, 2012, Netflix launched in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden.[127][128] On December 4, 2012, Netflix and Disney announced an exclusive multi-year agreement for first-run United States subscription television rights to Walt Disney Studios’ animated and live-action films, with classics such as Dumbo, Alice in Wonderland and Pocahontas available immediately and others available on Netflix beginning in 2016.[129] Direct-to-video releases were made available in 2013.[130][131] The agreement with Disney ended in 2019 due to the launch of Disney+. Netflix retained the rights to continue streaming the Marvel series that were produced for the service until March 1, 2022, following Disney’s reacquisition of the rights to those series.[132]

On January 14, 2013, Netflix signed an agreement with Time Warner’s Turner Broadcasting System and Warner Bros. Television to distribute Cartoon Network, Warner Bros. Animation, and Adult Swim content, as well as TNT’s Dallas, beginning in March 2013. The rights to these programs were given to Netflix shortly after deals with Viacom to stream Nickelodeon and Nick Jr. programs expired.[133]

Development of original programming (2013–2017)[edit]

In 2013, the company decided to slow launches in Europe to control subscription costs.[134]

In February 2013, Netflix announced it would be hosting its own awards ceremony, The Flixies.[135]

On March 13, 2013, Netflix added a Facebook sharing feature, letting United States subscribers access «Watched by your friends» and «Friends’ Favorites» by agreeing.[136] This was not legal until the Video Privacy Protection Act was modified in early 2013.[137]

In February 2013, DreamWorks Animation and Netflix co-produced Turbo Fast, based on the movie Turbo, which premiered in July.[138][139] Netflix has since become a major distributor of animated family and kid shows.

In July 2013, Orange Is the New Black debuted on Netflix,[140] which became Netflix’s most-watched original series.[141][142]

On August 1, 2013, Netflix reintroduced the «Profiles» feature that permits accounts to accommodate up to five user profiles.[143][144][145][146]

In September 2013, Netflix launched in the Netherlands and was then available in 40 countries.[147][148]

In November 2013, Netflix and Marvel Television announced a five-season deal to produce live-action Marvel superhero-focused series: Daredevil, Jessica Jones, Iron Fist and Luke Cage. The deal involves the release of four 13-episode seasons that culminate in a mini-series called The Defenders. Daredevil and Jessica Jones premiered in 2015.[149][150][151] The Luke Cage series premiered on September 30, 2016, followed by Iron Fist on March 17, 2017, and The Defenders on August 18, 2017.[152][153] The series, however, were removed from Netflix on March 1, 2022, following Disney’s announcement to reacquire the series’ rights after Netflix’s deal expired.

In February 2014, Netflix discovered that Comcast Cable was slowing its traffic down and agreed to pay Comcast to directly connect to the Comcast network.[154][155][156]

On March 7, 2014, new Star Wars content was released on Netflix’s streaming service: the sixth season of the television series Star Wars: The Clone Wars, as well as all five prior and the feature film.[157]

In April 2014, Netflix signed Arrested Development creator Mitchell Hurwitz and his production firm The Hurwitz Company to a multi-year deal to create original projects for the service.[158]

In May 2014, Netflix acquired streaming rights to films produced by Sony Pictures Animation.[159]

In June 2014, Netflix unveiled a global rebranding: a new logo, which uses a modern typeface with the drop shadowing removed, and a new website UI.[160]

In September 2014, Netflix became available in Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Luxembourg, and Switzerland.[161]

On September 10, 2014, Netflix participated in Internet Slowdown Day by deliberately slowing down its speed in protest of net neutrality laws.[162]

In October 2014, Netflix announced a four-film deal with Adam Sandler and his Happy Madison Productions.[163]

In April 2015, following the launch of Daredevil, Netflix director of content operations Tracy Wright announced that Netflix had added support for audio description (a narration track with aural descriptions of key visual elements for the blind or visually impaired), and had begun to work with its partners to add descriptions to its other original series over time.[164][165] The following year, as part of a settlement with the American Council of the Blind, Netflix agreed to provide descriptions for its original series within 30 days of their premiere, and add screen reader support and the ability to browse content by availability of descriptions.[166]

In March 2015, Netflix expanded to Australia and New Zealand.[167][168] In September 2015, Netflix launched in Japan, its first country in Asia.[169][170][171] In October 2015, Netflix launched in Italy, Portugal, and Spain.[172]

In January 2016, at the 2016 Consumer Electronics Show, Netflix announced a major international expansion of its service into 130 additional countries. It then had become available worldwide except China, Syria, North Korea, Kosovo and Crimea.[173]

In May 2016, Netflix created a tool called Fast.com to determine the speed of an Internet connection.[174] It received praise for being «simple» and «easy to use», and does not include online advertising, unlike competitors.[175][176][177]

On November 30, 2016, Netflix launched an offline playback feature, allowing users of the Netflix mobile apps on Android or iOS to cache content on their devices in standard or high quality for viewing offline, without an Internet connection.[178][179][180][181]

In 2016, Netflix released an estimated 126 original series or films, more than any other network or cable channel.[37]

In 2016, Netflix announced plans to expand its in-house production division and produced TV series including The Ranch and Chelsea.[182]

In February 2017, Netflix signed a music publishing deal with BMG Rights Management, whereby BMG will oversee rights outside of the United States for music associated with Netflix original content. Netflix continues to handle these tasks in-house in the United States.[183]

On April 25, 2017, Netflix signed a licensing deal with IQiyi, a Chinese video streaming platform owned by Baidu, to allow selected Netflix original content to be distributed in China on the platform.[184][185]

On August 7, 2017, in the first acquisition of an entire company, Netflix acquired Millarworld, the creator-owned publishing company of comic book writer Mark Millar.[6]

On August 14, 2017, Netflix announced that it had entered into an exclusive development deal with Shonda Rhimes and her production company Shondaland.[186]

In September 2017, Netflix announced it would offer its low-broadband mobile technology to airlines to provide better in-flight Wi-Fi so that passengers can watch movies on Netflix while on planes.[187]

In September 2017, Minister of Heritage Mélanie Joly announced that Netflix had agreed to make a CA$500 million (US$400 million) investment over the next five years in producing content in Canada. The company denied that the deal was intended to result in a tax break.[188][189] Netflix realized this goal by December 2018.[190]

In October 2017, Netflix iterated a goal of having half of its library consist of original content by 2019, announcing a plan to invest $8 billion on original content in 2018. There will be a particular focus on films and anime through this investment, with a plan to produce 80 original films and 30 anime series.[191]

In October 2017, Netflix introduced the «Skip Intro» feature which allows customers to skip the intros to shows on its platform. They do so through a variety of techniques including manual reviewing, audio tagging, and machine learning.[192][193]

In November 2017, Netflix signed an exclusive multi-year deal with Orange Is the New Black creator Jenji Kohan.[194]

In November 2017, Netflix withdrew from co-hosting the 75th Golden Globe Awards with The Weinstein Company due to the Harvey Weinstein sexual abuse cases.[195]

Expansion into international productions (2017–2020)[edit]

In November 2017, Netflix announced that it would be making its first original Colombian series, to be executive produced by Ciro Guerra.[196] In December 2017, Netflix signed Stranger Things director-producer Shawn Levy and his production company 21 Laps Entertainment to what sources say is a four-year deal.[197] In 2017, Netflix invested in distributing exclusive stand-up comedy specials from Dave Chappelle, Louis C.K., Chris Rock, Jim Gaffigan, Bill Burr and Jerry Seinfeld.[198]

In February 2018, Netflix acquired the rights to The Cloverfield Paradox from Paramount Pictures for $50 million and launched on its service on February 4, 2018, shortly after airing its first trailer during Super Bowl LII. Analysts believed that Netflix’s purchase of the film helped to make the film instantly profitable for Paramount compared to a more traditional theatrical release, while Netflix benefited from the surprise reveal.[199][200] Other films acquired by Netflix include international distribution for Paramount’s Annihilation[200] and Universal’s News of the World and worldwide distribution of Universal’s Extinction,[201] Warner Bros.’ Mowgli: Legend of the Jungle,[202] Paramount’s The Lovebirds[203] and 20th Century Studios’ The Woman in the Window.[204] In March, the service ordered Formula 1: Drive to Survive, a racing docuseries following teams in the Formula One world championship.[205]

In March 2018, Sky UK announced an agreement with Netflix to integrate Netflix’s subscription VOD offering into its pay-TV service. Customers with its high-end Sky Q set-top box and service will be able to see Netflix titles alongside their regular Sky channels.[206] In October 2022, Netflix revealed that its annual revenue from the UK subscribers in 2021 was £1.4bn.[207]

In April 2018, Netflix pulled out of the Cannes Film Festival, in response to new rules requiring competition films to have been released in French theaters. The Cannes premiere of Okja in 2017 was controversial, and led to discussions over the appropriateness of films with simultaneous digital releases being screened at an event showcasing theatrical film; audience members also booed the Netflix production logo at the screening. Netflix’s attempts to negotiate to allow a limited release in France were curtailed by organizers, as well as French cultural exception law—where theatrically screened films are legally forbidden from being made available via video-on-demand services until at least 36 months after their release.[208][209][210] Besides traditional Hollywood markets as well as from partners like the BBC, Sarandos said the company also looking to expand investments in non-traditional foreign markets due to the growth of viewers outside of North America. At the time, this included programs such as Dark from Germany, Ingobernable from Mexico and 3% from Brazil.[211][212][213]

On May 22, 2018, former president Barack Obama and his wife Michelle Obama signed a deal to produce docu-series, documentaries and features for Netflix under the Obamas’ newly formed production company, Higher Ground Productions.[214][215]

In June 2018, Netflix announced a partnership with Telltale Games to port its adventure games to the service in a streaming video format, allowing simple controls through a television remote.[216][217] The first game, Minecraft: Story Mode, was released in November 2018.[218] In July 2018, Netflix earned the most Emmy nominations of any network for the first time with 112 nods. On August 27, 2018, the company signed a five-year exclusive overall deal with international best–selling author Harlan Coben.[219] On the same day, the company inked an overall deal with Gravity Falls creator Alex Hirsch.[220] In October 2018, Netflix paid under $30 million to acquire Albuquerque Studios (ABQ Studios), a $91 million film and TV production facility with eight sound stages in Albuquerque, New Mexico, for its first U.S. production hub, pledging to spend over $1 billion over the next decade to create one of the largest film studios in North America.[221][222] In November 2018, Paramount Pictures signed a multi-picture film deal with Netflix, making Paramount the first major film studio to sign a deal with Netflix.[223] A sequel to AwesomenessTV’s To All the Boys I’ve Loved Before was released on Netflix under the title To All the Boys: P.S. I Still Love You as part of the agreement.[224] In December 2018, the company announced a partnership with ESPN Films on a television documentary chronicling Michael Jordan and the 1997–98 Chicago Bulls season titled The Last Dance. It was released internationally on Netflix and became available for streaming in the United States three months after a broadcast airing on ESPN.[225][226]

In January 2019, Sex Education made its debut as a Netflix original series with much critical acclaim.[227] On January 22, 2019, Netflix sought and was approved for membership into the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA), as the first streaming service to become a member of the association.[228] In February 2019, The Haunting creator Mike Flanagan joined frequent collaborator Trevor Macy as a partner in Intrepid Pictures and the duo signed an exclusive overall deal with Netflix to produce television content.[229] On May 9, 2019, Netflix contracted with Dark Horse Entertainment to make television series and films based on comics from Dark Horse Comics.[230] In July 2019, Netflix announced that it would be opening a hub at Shepperton Studios as part of a deal with Pinewood Group.[231] In early August 2019, Netflix negotiated an exclusive multi-year film and television deal with Game of Thrones creators and showrunners David Benioff and D.B. Weiss.[232][233][234][235][236] The first Netflix production created by Benioff and Weiss was planned as an adaptation of Liu Cixin’s science fiction novel The Three-Body Problem, part of the Remembrance of Earth’s Past trilogy.[237] On September 30, 2019, in addition to renewing Stranger Things for a fourth season, Netflix announced signing the series’ creators The Duffer Brothers to a nine-figure deal for additional films and televisions shows over multiple years.[238]

On November 13, 2019, Netflix and Nickelodeon entered into a multi-year agreement to produce several original animated feature films and television series based on Nickelodeon’s library of characters. This agreement expanded on their existing relationship, in which new specials based on the past Nickelodeon series Invader Zim and Rocko’s Modern Life (Invader Zim: Enter the Florpus and Rocko’s Modern Life: Static Cling respectively) were released by Netflix. Other new projects planned under the team-up include a music project featuring Squidward Tentacles from the animated television series SpongeBob SquarePants, and films based on The Loud House and Rise of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles.[239][240][241] In November 2019, Netflix announced it had signed a long-term lease to save the Paris Theatre, the last single-screen movie theater in Manhattan. The company oversaw several renovations at the theater, including new seats and a concession stand.[242][243][244]

Ted Sarandos, longtime CCO and named co-CEO in 2020

In January 2020, Netflix announced a new four-film deal with Adam Sandler worth up to $275 million.[245] On February 25, 2020, Netflix formed partnerships with six Japanese creators to produce an original Japanese anime project. This partnership includes manga creator group CLAMP, mangaka Shin Kibayashi, mangaka Yasuo Ohtagaki, novelist and film director Otsuichi, novelist Tow Ubutaka, and manga creator Mari Yamazaki.[246] On March 4, 2020, ViacomCBS announced that it will be producing two spin-off films based on SpongeBob SquarePants for Netflix.[247] On April 7, 2020, Peter Chernin’s Chernin Entertainment made a multi-year first-look deal with Netflix to make films.[248] On May 29, 2020, Netflix announced the acquisition of Grauman’s Egyptian Theatre from the American Cinematheque to use as a special events venue.[249][8][250] In July 2020, Netflix appointed Sarandos as co-CEO.[30][251] In July 2020, Netflix invested in Black Mirror creators Charlie Brooker and Annabel Jones’ new production outfit Broke And Bones.[9]

In September 2020, Netflix signed a multi-million dollar deal with the Duke and Duchess of Sussex. Harry and Meghan agreed to a multi-year deal promising to create TV shows, films, and children’s content as part of their commitment to stepping away from the duties of the royal family.[252][253] In September 2020, Hastings released a book about the Netflix culture titled No Rules Rules: Netflix and the Culture of Reinvention, which was co-authored by Erin Meyer.[254] In December 2020, Netflix signed a first-look deal with Millie Bobby Brown to develop and star in several projects including a potential action franchise.[255]

Expansion into gaming, Squid Game (2021–present)[edit]

In March 2021, Netflix earned the most Academy Award nominations of any studio, with 36. Netflix won seven Academy Awards, which was the most by any studio. Later that year, Netflix also won more Emmys than any other network or studio with 44 wins, tying the record for most Emmys won in a single year set by CBS in 1974. On April 8, 2021, Sony Pictures Entertainment announced an agreement for Netflix to hold the U.S. pay television window rights to its releases beginning in 2022, replacing Starz and expanding upon an existing agreement with Sony Pictures Animation. The agreement also includes a first-look deal for any future direct-to-streaming films being produced by Sony Pictures, with Netflix required to commit to a minimum number of them.[256][257][258] On April 27, 2021, Netflix announced that it was opening its first Canadian headquarters in Toronto.[259] The company also announced that it would open an office in Sweden as well as Rome and Istanbul to increase its original content in those regions.[260]

In early June, Netflix hosted a first-ever week-long virtual event called “Geeked Week,” where it shared exclusive news, new trailers, cast appearances and more about upcoming genre titles like The Witcher, The Cuphead Show!, and The Sandman.[261]

On June 7, 2021, Jennifer Lopez’s Nuyorican Productions signed a multi-year first-look deal with Netflix spanning feature films, TV series, and unscripted content, with an emphasis on projects that support diverse female actors, writers, and filmmakers.[262] On June 10, 2021, Netflix announced it was launching an online store for curated products tied to the Netflix brand and shows such as Stranger Things and The Witcher.[263][264] On June 21, 2021, Steven Spielberg’s Amblin Partners signed a deal with Netflix to release multiple new feature films for the streaming service.[265][266] On June 30, 2021, Powerhouse Animation Studios (the studio behind Netflix’s Castlevania) announced signing a first-look deal with the streamer to produce more animated series.[267]

In July 2021, Netflix hired Mike Verdu, a former executive from Electronic Arts and Facebook, as vice president of game development, along with plans to add video games by 2022.[268] Netflix announced plans to release mobile games which would be included in subscribers’ plans to the service.[269] Trial offerings were first launched for Netflix users in Poland in August 2021, offering premium mobile games based on Stranger Things including Stranger Things 3: The Game, for free to subscribers through the Netflix mobile app.[270]

On July 14, 2021, Netflix signed a first-look deal with Joey King, star of The Kissing Booth franchise, in which King will produce and develop films for Netflix via her All The King’s Horses production company.[271] On July 21, 2021, Zack Snyder, director of Netflix’s Army of the Dead, announced he had signed his production company The Stone Quarry to a first-look deal with; his upcoming projects include a sequel to Army of the Dead, the sci-fi adventure film Rebel Moon.[272][273][274][275] In 2019, he agreed to produce an anime-style web series inspired by Norse mythology.[276][277]

As of August 2021, Netflix Originals made up 40% of Netflix’s overall library in the United States.[278] The company announced that «TUDUM: A Netflix Global Fan Event», a three-hour virtual behind the scenes featuring first-look reveals for 100 of the streamer’s series, films and specials, would have its inaugural show in late September 2021.[279][280] According to Netflix, the show garnered 25.7 million views across Netflix’s 29 Netflix YouTube channels, Twitter, Twitch, Facebook, TikTok and Tudum.com.[281]

Also in September, the company announced The Queen’s Ball: A Bridgerton Experience, launching in 2022 in Los Angeles, Chicago, Montreal, and Washington, D.C..[282]

Squid Game, a South Korean survival drama created and produced by Hwang Dong-hyuk, had been acquired and produced by Netflix in 2019 as part of its expansion of foreign works and was released worldwide in multiple languages on September 17, 2021. The show rapidly became the service’s most-watched show within a week of its launch in many markets, including Korea, the U.S. and the United Kingdom.[213] Within its first 28 days on the service, Squid Game drew more than 111 million viewers, surpassing Bridgerton and becoming Netflix’s most-watched show.[283] On September 20, 2021, Netflix signed a long-term lease deal with Aviva Investors to operate and expand the Longcross Studios in Surrey, UK.[284] On September 21, 2021, Netflix announced that it would acquire the Roald Dahl Story Company, which manages the rights to Roald Dahl’s stories and characters, for an undisclosed price and would operate it as an independent company.[285][286][287][288]

The company acquired Night School Studio, an independent video game developer, in September 2021.[289] Netflix officially launched mobile games on November 2, 2021, for Android users around the world. Through the app, subscribers had free access to five games, including two previously made Stranger Things titles. Netflix stated that they intend to add more games to this service over time.[290] On November 9, the collection launched for iOS.[291] Some games in the collection require an active internet connection to play, while others will be available offline. Netflix Kids’ accounts will not have games available.[292]

On October 13, 2021, Netflix announced the launch of the Netflix Book Club, where readers will hear about new books, films, and series adaptations and have exclusive access to each book’s adaptation process. Netflix will partner with Starbucks to bring the book club to life via a social series called But Have You Read the Book?. Uzo Aduba will serve as the inaugural host of the series and announce monthly book selections set to be adapted by the streamer. Aduba will also speak with the cast, creators, and authors about the book adaptation process over a cup of coffee at Starbucks.[293][294] Through October 2021, Netflix commonly reported viewership for its programming based on the number of viewers or households that watched a show in a given period (such as the first 28 days from its premiere) for at least two minutes. On the announcement of its quarterly earnings in October 2021, the company stated that it would switch its viewership metrics to measuring the number of hours that a show was watched, including rewatches, which the company said was closer to the measurements used in linear broadcast television, and thus «our members and the industry can better measure success in the streaming world.»[295] On November 16, 2021, Netflix announced the launch of «Top10 on Netflix.com», a new website with weekly global and country lists of the most popular titles on their service based on their new viewership metrics.[296]

On November 22, 2021, Netflix announced that it would acquire Scanline VFX, the visual effects and animation company behind Cowboy Bebop and Stranger Things.[297] On the same day, Roberto Patino signed a deal with Netflix and established his own production banner, Analog Inc., in partnership with the company. Patino’s first project under the deal is a series adaptation of Image Comics’ Nocterra.[298] On December 6, 2021, Netflix and Stage 32 announced that they have teamed up the workshops at the Creating Content for the Global Marketplace program.[299] On December 7, 2021, Netflix partnered with IllumiNative, a woman-led non-profit organization, for the Indigenous Producers Training Program.[300][301]

On December 9, 2021, Netflix announced the launch of «Tudum,» an official companion website that offers news, exclusive interviews and behind-the-scenes videos for its original television shows and films.[302] On December 13, 2021, Netflix signed a multi-year overall deal with Kalinda Vazquez.[303] On December 16, 2021, Netflix signed a multi-year creative partnership with Spike Lee and his production company 40 Acres and a Mule Filmworks to develop film and television projects.[304] In December 2021, former Netflix engineer Sung Mo Jun was sentenced to 2 years in prison for an insider trading scheme where he leaked subscriber numbers in advance of official releases.[305][306]

In compliance with the EU Audiovisual Media Services Directive and its implementation in France, Netflix reached commitments with French broadcasting authorities and film guilds, as required by law, to invest a specific amount of its annual revenue into original French films and series. These films must be theatrically released and would not be allowed to be carried on Netflix until 15 months after their release.[307][308]

In January 2022, Netflix ordered additional sports docuseries from Drive to Survive producers Box to Box Films, including a series that would follow PGA Tour golfers, and another that would follow professional tennis players on the ATP and WTA Tour circuits.[309][310]

The company announced plans to acquire Next Games in March 2022 for €65 million as part of Netflix’s expansions into gaming. Next Games had developed the mobile title Stranger Things: Puzzle Tales as well as two The Walking Dead mobile games.[311] Later in the month, Netflix also acquired the Texas-based mobile game developer, Boss Fight Entertainment, for an undisclosed sum.[312]

On March 15, 2022, Netflix announced a partnership with Dr. Seuss Enterprises to produce five new series and specials based on Seuss properties following the success of Green Eggs and Ham.[313][314] On March 29, 2022, Netflix announced that it would open an office in Poland to serve as a hub for its original productions across Central and Eastern Europe.[315] On March 30, 2022, Netflix extended its lease agreement with Martini Film Studios, just outside Vancouver, Canada, for another five years.[316] On March 31, 2022, Netflix ordered a docuseries that would follow teams in the 2022 Tour de France, which would also be co-produced by Box to Box Films.[317]

Following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Netflix suspended its operations and future projects in Russia.[318][5] It also announced that it would not comply with a proposed directive by Roskomnadzor requiring all internet streaming services with more than 100,000 subscribers to integrate the major free-to-air channels (which are primarily state-owned).[319] A month later, ex-Russian subscribers filed a class action lawsuit against Netflix.[320][321]

At the end of Q1 2022, Netflix announced a decline in subscribers with almost 200,000 fewer viewers than at the end of the previous year.[322] Netflix stated that 100 million households globally were sharing passwords to their account with others, and that Canada and the United States accounted for 30 million of them. Following these announcements, Netflix’s stock price fell by 35 percent.[323][324][325][326] By June 2022, Netflix had laid off 450 full-time and contract employees as part of the company’s plan to trim costs amid lower than expected subscriber growth. The layoffs represented approximately 2 percent of the workforce and spread across the company globally.[327][328][329][330]

On April 13, 2022, Netflix released the series Our Great National Parks, which was hosted and narrated by former US President Barack Obama.[331] It also partnered with Group Effort Initiative, a company founded by Ryan Reynolds and Blake Lively, to provide opportunities behind the camera for those in underrepresented communities.[332] On the same day, Netflix partnered with Lebanon-based Arab Fund For Arts And Culture for supporting the Arab female filmmakers. It will provide a one-time grant of $250,000 to female producers and directors in the Arab world through the company’s Fund for Creative Equity.[333] Also on the same day, Netflix announced an Exploding Kittens mobile card game tied to a new animated TV series, which will launch in May.[334] Netflix announced that they have formed a creative partnership with J. Miles Dale.[335] The company also formed a partnership with Japan’s Studio Colorido, signing a multi-film deal to boost their anime content in Asia. The streaming giant is said to co-produce three feature films with the studio, the first of which will premiere in September 2022.[336]

On April 28, 2022, the company launched its inaugural Netflix Is a Joke comedy festival, featuring more than 250 shows over 12 nights at 30-plus locations across Los Angeles, including the first-ever stand-up show at Dodger Stadium.[337][338]

The first volume of Stranger Things 4 logged Netflix’s biggest premiere weekend ever for an original series with 286.79 million hours viewed.[339] This was preceded by a new Stranger Things interactive experience hosted in New York City that was developed by the show’s creators.[340] After the release of the second volume of Stranger Things 4 on July 1, 2022, it became Netflix’s second title to receive more than one billion hours viewed.[341]

On July 19, 2022, Netflix announced plans to acquire Australian animation studio Animal Logic.[342][343]

On July 22, 2022, it was reported that Netflix lost almost a million subscribers, which reduced its total subscribers down to 220.7 million.[344][345]

On September 5, 2022, it was reported that Netflix opened its office in Warsaw, Poland, responsible for the service’s operations in 28 markets in Central and Eastern Europe.[346]

On October 4, 2022, Netflix have signed a creative partnership with Andrea Berloff and John Gatins.[347]

On October 11, 2022, Netflix signed up to the Broadcasters’ Audience Research Board for external measurement of viewership in the UK.[348]

On October 12, 2022, Netflix signed to build a production complex at Fort Monmouth in Eatontown, New Jersey.[349]

At the end of Q3, it was reported that Netflix gained 2.41 million new subscribers, including a gain of 100,000 in North America, totaling 223.1 million subscribers worldwide. This exceeded Netflix’s prediction of a gain of 1 million subscribers for the quarter.[350]

On October 18, 2022, Netflix announced they are exploring a cloud gaming offering as well as opening a new gaming studio in Southern California.[351]

Availability and access[edit]

Global availability[edit]

Availability of Netflix, as of March 2022:

  Available

Netflix is available in every country and territory except for China, North Korea, Crimea, Syria and Russia.[354]

In January 2016, Netflix announced it would begin VPN blocking since they can be used to watch videos from a country where they are unavailable.[355] The result of the VPN block is that people can only watch videos available worldwide and other videos are hidden from search results.[356] Variety is present on Netflix. Hebrew and right-to-left interface orientation, which is a common localization strategy in many markets, are what define the Israeli user interface’s localization, and in some regions, Netflix offers a more affordable mobile-only subscription.[357]

Subscriptions[edit]

Globally, Netflix had 223.09 million paying subscribers at the end of Q3 2022.[358][359] Customers can subscribe to one of three plans; the difference in plans relate to video resolution, the number of simultaneous streams, and the number of devices to which content can be downloaded.[360]

At the end of Q1 2022, Netflix estimated that 100 million households globally were sharing passwords to their account with others.[325] In March 2022, Netflix began to charge a fee for additional users in Chile, Peru, and Costa Rica to attempt to control account sharing.[323][324][325] On July 18, 2022, Netflix announced that it would test the account sharing feature in more countries, including Argentina, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras.[361] On October 17, Netflix launched Profile Transfer to help end account sharing.[362]

In July 13, 2022, Netflix announced a partnership with Microsoft to launch an advertising-supported subscription plan.[363] On August 17, 2022, it was reported that Netflix’s planned advertising tier would not allow subscribers to download content like the existing ad-free platform.[364] On July 20, 2022, it was announced that the advertising-supported tier would be coming to Netflix in 2023 but it would not feature the full library of content.[365] Netflix US launched with 5.1% of the library unavailable including 60 Netflix Originals.[366] In September, Netflix announced that the launch would be moved up to November 1, 2022,[367][368] but in October, the launch date was changed to November 3, 2022. The ad-supported plan is called «Basic with Ads» and it costs $6.99 per month in the United States.[369] In Canada, the plan was launched two days later, on November 1.[370]

Device support[edit]

Netflix can be accessed via an internet browser on PCs, while Netflix apps are available on various platforms, including Blu-ray Disc players, tablet computers, mobile phones, smart TVs, digital media players, and video game consoles (including Xbox 360 and newer, and PlayStation 3 and newer).

In addition, a growing number of multichannel television providers, including cable television and IPTV services, have added Netflix apps accessible within their own set-top boxes, sometimes with the ability for its content (along with those of other online video services) to be presented within a unified search interface alongside linear television programming as an «all-in-one» solution.[371][372][373][374]

Content[edit]

Original programming[edit]

A «Netflix Original» is content that is produced, co-produced, or distributed by Netflix exclusively on their services. Netflix funds their original shows differently than other TV networks when they sign a project, providing the money upfront and immediately ordering two seasons of most series.[375]

Over the years, Netflix output ballooned to a level unmatched by any television network or streaming service. According to Variety Insight, Netflix produced a total of 240 new original shows and movies in 2018, then climbed to 371 in 2019, a figure «greater than the number of original series that the entire U.S. TV industry released in 2005.»[376] The Netflix budget allocated to production increased annually, reaching $13.6 billion in 2021 and projected to hit $18.9 billion by 2025, a figure that once again overshadowed any of its competitors.[377] As of August 2022, Netflix Originals made up 50% of Netflix’s overall library in the United States.[378]

Film and television deals[edit]

Netflix has exclusive pay TV deals with several studios. The deals give Netflix exclusive streaming rights while adhering to the structures of traditional pay TV terms.

Distributors that have licensed content to Netflix include Warner Bros., Universal Pictures, Sony Pictures Entertainment and previously The Walt Disney Studios (including 20th Century Fox). Netflix also holds current and back-catalog rights to television programs distributed by Walt Disney Television, DreamWorks Classics, Kino International, Warner Bros. Television and CBS Media Ventures, along with titles from other companies such as Allspark (formerly Hasbro Studios), Saban Brands, and Funimation. Formerly, the streaming service also held rights to select television programs distributed by NBCUniversal Television Distribution, Sony Pictures Television and 20th Century Fox Television.

Netflix negotiated to distribute animated films from Universal that HBO declined to acquire, such as The Lorax, ParaNorman, and Minions.[379]

Netflix holds exclusive streaming rights to the film library of Studio Ghibli (with the exception of Grave of the Fireflies) worldwide except in the U.S., Canada, China and Japan as part of an agreement signed with Ghibli’s international sales holder Wild Bunch in 2020.

Gaming[edit]

In July 2021, Netflix hired Mike Verdu, a former executive from Electronic Arts and Facebook, as vice president of game development, along with plans to add video games by 2022.[380] Netflix announced plans to release mobile games which would be included in subscribers’ plans to the service.[381] Trial offerings were first launched for Netflix users in Poland in August 2021, offering premium mobile games based on Stranger Things including Stranger Things 3: The Game, for free to subscribers through the Netflix mobile app.[382]

Netflix officially launched mobile games on November 2, 2021, for Android users around the world. Through the app, subscribers had free access to five games, including two previously made Stranger Things titles. Netflix stated that they intend to add more games to this service over time.[383] On November 9, the collection launched for iOS.[384] Verdu said in October 2022 that besides continuing to expand their portfolio of games, they were also interested in cloud gaming options.[385]

To support the games effort, Netflix began acquiring and forming a number of studios. The company acquired Night School Studio, an independent video game developer, in September 2021.[386] They announced plans to acquire Next Games in March 2022 for €65 million as part of Netflix’s expansions into gaming. Next Games had developed the mobile title Stranger Things: Puzzle Tales as well as two The Walking Dead mobile games.[387] Later in the month, Netflix also acquired the Texas-based mobile game developer, Boss Fight Entertainment, for an undisclosed sum.[312] Netflix opened a mobile game studio in Helsinki, Finland in September 2022,[388] and a new studio, their fifth total, in southern California in October 2022,[385] alongside the acquisition of Spry Fox in Seattle.[389]

As of October 2022, the service had 35 games available, and Netflix stated they had more than 55 games in development.[390] By August 2022, Netflix’s gaming platform was reported to have an average 1.7 million users a day, less than 1% of the streaming service’s subscribers at the time.[391]

Technology[edit]

Content delivery[edit]

Netflix settlement freely peers with Internet service providers (ISPs) directly and at common Internet exchange points. In June 2012, a custom content delivery network, Open Connect, was announced.[392] For larger ISPs with over 100,000 subscribers, Netflix offers free Netflix Open Connect server appliances that cache their content within the ISPs’ data centers or networks to further reduce Internet transit costs.[393][394] By August 2016, Netflix closed its last physical data center, but continued to develop its Open Connect technology.[395] A 2016 study at the University of London detected 233 individual Open Connect locations on over six continents, with the largest amount of traffic in the USA, followed by Mexico.[396][397]

As of July 2017, Netflix series and movies accounted for more than a third of all prime-time download Internet traffic in North America.[398]

API[edit]

On October 1, 2008, Netflix offered access to its service via a public application programming interface (API).[399] It allowed access to data for all Netflix titles, and allows users to manage their movie queues. The API was free and allowed commercial use.[400] In June 2012, Netflix began to restrict the availability of its public API.[401] They instead focused on a small number of known partners using private interfaces, since most traffic came from those private interfaces.[402] In June 2014, Netflix announced they would be retiring the public API; it became effective November 14, 2014.[403] They then partnered with the developers of eight services deemed the most valuable, including Instant Watcher, Fanhattan, Yidio and Nextguide.[404]

Corporate affairs[edit]

Historical financials and membership growth[edit]

Worldwide VOD subscribers of Netflix[405]

Year Revenue
in millions of US$ 		Employees Paid memberships
in millions
2005 682 2.5
2006 997 4.0
2007 1,205 7.3
2008 1,365 9.4
2009 1,670 11.9
2010 2,163 2,180 18.3
2011 3,205 2,348 21.6
2012 3,609 2,045 30.4
2013 4,375 2,022 41.4
2014 5,505 2,450 54.5
2015 6,780 3,700 70.8
2016 8,831 4,700 89.1
2017 11,693 5,500 117.5
2018 15,794 7,100 139.3
2019 20,156 8,600 167.1
2020 24,996 9,400 203.7
2021 29,697 11,300 221.8
Summation 142,723 61,345 1,210.6
Approximate average 8,395 5,112 71

Corporate culture[edit]

Netflix’s original Los Gatos headquarters (2006-2022)[406]

Netflix’s current Los Gatos headquarters (2022-present)[406]

Netflix grants all employees extremely broad discretion with respect to business decisions, expenses, and vacation—but in return expects consistently high performance, as enforced by what is known as the «keeper test.»[407][408] All supervisors are expected to constantly ask themselves if they would fight to keep an employee. If the answer is no, then it is time to let that employee go.[409] A slide from an internal presentation on Netflix’s corporate culture summed up the test as: «Adequate performance gets a generous severance package.»[408] Such packages reportedly range from four months’ salary in the United States to as much as six months in the Netherlands.[409]

The company offers unlimited vacation time for salaried workers and allows employees to take any amount of their paychecks in stock options.[410]

About the culture that results from applying such a demanding test, Hastings has said that «You gotta earn your job every year at Netflix,»[411] and, «There’s no question it’s a tough place…There’s no question it’s not for everyone.»[412] Hastings has drawn an analogy to athletics: professional athletes lack long-term job security because an injury could end their career in any particular game, but they learn to put aside their fear of that constant risk and focus on working with great colleagues in the current moment.[413]

Environmental impact[edit]

In March 2021, Netflix announced that it would work to reach net zero greenhouse gas emissions by the end of 2022, while investing in programs to preserve or restore ecosystems. The company stated that it would cut emissions from its operations and electricity use by 45 percent by 2030. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and lack of content production, Netflix had a 14 percent drop in emissions in 2020.[414][415] In 2021, Netflix bought 1.5 million carbon credits from 17 projects around the world.[416]

Awards[edit]

On July 18, 2013, Netflix earned the first Primetime Emmy Award nominations for original streaming programs at the 65th Primetime Emmy Awards. Three of its series, Arrested Development, Hemlock Grove and House of Cards, earned a combined 14 nominations (nine for House of Cards, three for Arrested Development and two for Hemlock Grove).[417] The House of Cards episode «Chapter 1» received four nominations for both the 65th Primetime Emmy Awards and 65th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards, becoming the first episode of a streaming television series to receive a major Primetime Emmy Award nomination. With its win for Outstanding Cinematography for a Single-Camera Series, «Chapter 1» became the first episode from a streaming service to be awarded an Emmy.[417][418][419] David Fincher’s win for Directing for a Drama Series for House of Cards made the episode the first from a streaming service to win a Primetime Emmy.[420]

On November 6, 2013, Netflix earned its first Grammy nomination when You’ve Got Time by Regina Spektor — the main title theme song for Orange Is the New Black — was nominated for Best Song Written for Visual Media.[421]

On December 12, 2013, the network earned six nominations for Golden Globe Awards, including four for House of Cards.[422] Among those nominations was Wright for Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Television Series Drama for her portrayal of Claire Underwood, which she won. With the accolade, Wright became the first actress to win a Golden Globe for a streaming television series. It also marked Netflix’s first major acting award.[423][424][425] House of Cards and Orange is the New Black also won Peabody Awards in 2013.[426]

On Jan. 16, 2014, Netflix became the first streaming service to earn an Academy Award nomination when The Square was nominated for Best Documentary Feature.[427]

On July 10, 2014, Netflix received 31 Emmy nominations. Among other nominations, House of Cards received nominations for Outstanding Drama Series, Outstanding Directing in a Drama Series and Outstanding Writing in a Drama Series. Kevin Spacey and Robin Wright were nominated for Outstanding Lead Actor and Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series. Orange is the New Black was nominated in the comedy categories, earning nominations for Outstanding Comedy Series, Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series and Outstanding Directing for a Comedy Series. Taylor Schilling, Kate Mulgrew, and Uzo Aduba were respectively nominated for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series, Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series and Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series (the latter was for Aduba’s recurring role in season one, as she was promoted to series regular for the show’s second season).[428]

Netflix got the largest share of 2016 Emmy award nominations, with 16 major nominations. However, streaming shows only got 24 nominations out of a total of 139, falling significantly behind cable. The 16 Netflix nominees were: House of Cards with Kevin Spacey, A Very Murray Christmas with Bill Murray, Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt, Master of None, and Bloodline.[429]

Stranger Things received 19 nominations at the 2017 Primetime Emmy Awards, while The Crown received 13 nominations.[430]

In December 2017, Netflix was awarded PETA’s Company of the Year for promoting animal rights movies and documentaries like Forks Over Knives and What the Health.[431][432]

At the 90th Academy Awards, held on March 4, 2018, the film Icarus, distributed by Netflix, won its first Oscar for Best Documentary Feature. During his remarks backstage, director and writer Bryan Fogel remarked that Netflix had «single-handedly changed the documentary world.» Icarus had its premiere at the 2017 Sundance Film Festival and was bought by Netflix for $5 million, one of the biggest deals ever for a non-fiction film.[433] Netflix became the network whose programs received more nomination at the 2018 Primetime and Creative Arts Emmy Awards with 112 nominations, therefore breaking HBO’s 17-years record as a network whose programs received more nomination at the Emmys, which received 108 nominations.[434][435]

On January 22, 2019, films distributed by Netflix scored 15 nominations for the 91st Academy Awards, including Academy Award for Best Picture for Alfonso Cuarón’s Roma, which was nominated for 10 awards.[436] The 15 nominations equal the total nominations films distributed by Netflix had received in previous years.

In 2020, Netflix received 20 TV nominations and films distributed by Netflix also got 22 film nominations at the 78th Golden Globe Awards. It secured three out of the five nominations for best drama TV series for The Crown, Ozark and Ratched and four of the five nominations for best actress in a TV series: Olivia Colman, Emma Corrin, Laura Linney and Sarah Paulson.[437][438]

In 2020, Netflix earned 24 Academy Award nominations, marking the first time a streaming service led all studios.[439]

Films and programs distributed by Netflix received 30 nominations at the 2021 Screen Actors Guild Awards, more than any other distribution company, where their distributed films and programs won 7 awards including best motion picture for The Trial of the Chicago 7 and best TV drama for The Crown.[440][441] Netflix also received the most nominations of any studio at the 93rd Academy Awards — 35 total nominations with 7 award wins.[442][443]

In February 2022, The Power of the Dog gritty western distributed by Netflix and directed by Jane Campion, received 12 nominations, including Best Picture, for the 94th annual Academy Awards. Films distributed by the streamer received a total of 72 nominations.[444] Campion became the third female to receive the Best Director award, winning her second Oscar for The Power of the Dog.[445] At the 50th International Emmy Awards in November 2022, Netflix original Sex Education won Best Comedy Series.[446]

Criticism[edit]

Netflix has been subject to criticism from various groups and individuals as its popularity and market reach increased in the 2010s.

Customers have complained about price increases in Netflix offerings dating back to the company’s decision to separate its DVD rental and streaming services, which was quickly reversed. As Netflix increased its streaming output, it has faced calls to limit accessibility to graphic content and include viewer advisories for issues such as sensationalism and promotion of pseudoscience. Netflix’s content has also been criticized by disability rights advocates for lack of captioning quality.[447]

Some media organizations and competitors have criticized Netflix for selectively releasing ratings and viewer numbers of its original programming. The company has made claims boasting about viewership records without providing data to substantiate its successes or using problematic estimation methods.[448] In March 2020, some government agencies called for Netflix and other streamers to limit services due to increased broadband and energy consumption as use of the platform increased. In response, the company announced it would reduce bit rates across all streams in Europe, thus decreasing Netflix traffic on European networks by around 25 percent. These same steps were later taken in India.[citation needed]

In May 2022, Netflix’s shareholder Imperium Irrevocable Trust filed a lawsuit against the company for violating the U.S. securities laws.[449]

See also[edit]

  • List of streaming media services

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Further reading[edit]

  • Hastings, Reed (2020). No Rules Rules: Netflix and the Culture of Reinvention. Penguin Press. ISBN 978-1-984877-86-4.
  • McDonald, Kevin; Smith-Rowsey, Daniel (2016). The Netflix Effect (1st ed.). Bloomsbury Academic & Professional. ISBN 978-1-5013-0944-1.

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Netflix.

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Источник
Netflix, Inc.

Netflix 2015 logo.svg

Logo used since 2014

Screenshot

Netflix - English.jpg

Screenshot of Netflix’s English website in 2019
Type of business Public

Type of site

 OTT streaming platform
Available in

List

  • Arabic (Egyptian and Modern Standard)
  • Catalan (content only)
  • Chinese (Cantonese and Mandarin)
  • Croatian
  • Czech
  • Danish
  • Dutch
  • English (American and British)
  • Filipino
  • Finnish
  • French
  • German
  • Greek
  • Hebrew
  • Hindi[1]
  • Hungarian
  • Indonesian[2]
  • Italian
  • Japanese
  • Kannada
  • Korean
  • Malay
  • Malayalam
  • Norwegian (Bokmål)
  • Polish
  • Portuguese (Brazilian and European)
  • Romanian
  • Serbian (content only)
  • Spanish (European and Latin American)
  • Swedish
  • Tamil
  • Telugu
  • Thai
  • Turkish
  • Ukrainian
  • Urdu (content only)
  • Vietnamese
Traded as
  • Nasdaq: NFLX
  • Nasdaq-100 component
  • S&P 100 component
  • S&P 500 component
Founded August 29, 1997; 25 years ago[3] in Scotts Valley, California, U.S.
Headquarters Los Gatos, California, U.S.
Area served Worldwide (excluding Mainland China, North Korea, Russia and Syria)[4][5]
Founder(s)
  • Reed Hastings
  • Marc Randolph
Key people
  • Reed Hastings (Chairman, Co-CEO)
  • Ted Sarandos (Co-CEO, CCO)
  • Greg Peters (COO, CPO)
Industry Technology & Entertainment industry, mass media
Products
  • Streaming media
  • Pay television
  • Video on demand
  • Mobile gaming
Services
  • Film production
  • Film distribution
  • Television production
  • Television distribution
Revenue Increase US$29.7 billion (2021)
Operating income Increase US$6.195 billion (2021)
Net income Increase US$5.116 billion (2021)
Total assets Increase US$44.585 billion (2021)
Total equity Increase US$15.849 billion (2021)
Employees 12,135 (2021)
Divisions
  • US Streaming
  • International Streaming
  • Domestic DVD
Subsidiaries
  • DVD Netflix (dvd.netflix.com)
  • Millarworld[6]
  • LT-LA[7]
  • Albuquerque Studios
  • Netflix Pictures
  • Netflix Studios
  • Netflix Animation
  • StoryBots, Inc.
  • Grauman’s Egyptian Theatre[8]
  • Broke and Bones (stake)[9]
  • Roald Dahl Story Company
  • Night School Studio
  • Netflix Pty Ltd
  • Scanline VFX
  • Next Games
  • Boss Fight Entertainment
  • Animal Logic
  • Spry Fox
URL www.netflix.com
Registration Required
Users Increase 223.09 million (paid; as of October 20, 2022[10]
[11][12]

Netflix, Inc. is an American subscription video on-demand over-the-top streaming service and production company based in Los Gatos, California. Founded in 1997 by Reed Hastings and Marc Randolph in Scotts Valley, California, it offers a film and television series library through distribution deals as well as its own productions, known as Netflix Originals.

As of September 2022, Netflix had 222 million subscribers worldwide, including 73.3 million in the United States and Canada; 73.0 million in Europe, the Middle East and Africa, 39.6 million in Latin America and 34.8 million in the Asia-Pacific region.[12] It is available worldwide aside from Mainland China, Syria, North Korea, and Russia. Netflix has played a prominent role in independent film distribution, and it is a member of the Motion Picture Association.

Netflix can be accessed via web browsers or via application software installed on smart TVs, set-top boxes connected to televisions, tablet computers, smartphones, digital media players, Blu-ray players, video game consoles and virtual reality headsets on the list of Netflix-compatible devices.[13][14][15][16] It is available in 4K resolution.[17] In the United States, the company provided Digital Video Disc (DVD)[18] and Blu-ray rentals delivered individually via the United States Postal Service from regional warehouses.[19]

Netflix initially both sold and rented DVDs by mail, but the sales were eliminated within a year to focus on the DVD rental business.[20][21] In 2007, Netflix introduced streaming media and video on demand. The company expanded to Canada in 2010, followed by Latin America and the Caribbean. Netflix entered the film and television production industry in 2013, debuting its first series House of Cards. In January 2016, it expanded to an additional 130 countries and then operated in 190 countries.

The company is ranked 115th on the Fortune 500[22] and 219th on the Forbes Global 2000.[23] It is the second largest entertainment/media company by market capitalization as of February 2022.[24] In 2021, Netflix was ranked as the eighth-most trusted brand globally by Morning Consult.[25] During the 2010s, Netflix was the top-performing stock in the S&P 500 stock market index, with a total return of 3,693%.[26][27]

Netflix is headquartered in Los Gatos, California, in Santa Clara County,[28][29] with the two CEOs, Hastings and Ted Sarandos, split between Los Gatos and Los Angeles, respectively.[30][31][32] It also operates international offices in Asia, Europe and Latin America including in Canada, France, Brazil, the Netherlands, India, Italy, Japan, Poland, South Korea and the United Kingdom. The company has production hubs in Los Angeles,[33] Albuquerque,[34] London,[35] Madrid, Vancouver and Toronto.[36] Compared to other distributors, Netflix pays more for TV shows up front, but keeps more «upside» (i.e. future revenue opportunities from possible syndication, merchandising, etc.) on big hits.[37][38]

History[edit]

First logo, used from 1997 to 2000

Second logo, used from 2000 to 2001

Third logo, used from 2001 to 2014

Fourth and current logo, used since 2014

Launch as a mail-based rental business (1997–2006)[edit]

Marc Randolph, co-founder of Netflix and the first CEO of the company

Reed Hastings, co-founder and the current chairman and CEO

Netflix was founded by Marc Randolph and Reed Hastings on August 29, 1997 in Scotts Valley, California. Hastings, a computer scientist and mathematician, was a co-founder of Pure Atria, which was acquired by Rational Software Corporation that year for $750 million, then the biggest acquisition in Silicon Valley history.[39] Randolph had worked as a marketing director for Pure Atria after Pure Atria acquired a company where Randolph worked. He was previously a co-founder of MicroWarehouse, a computer mail-order company as well as vice president of marketing for Borland International.[40][41] Hastings and Randolph came up with the idea for Netflix while carpooling between their homes in Santa Cruz, California and Pure Atria’s headquarters in Sunnyvale.[21] Patty McCord, later head of human resources at Netflix, was also in the carpool group.[42] Randolph admired Amazon.com and wanted to find a large category of portable items to sell over the Internet using a similar model. Hastings and Randolph considered and rejected selling and renting VHS tapes as too expensive to stock and too delicate to ship.[40] When they heard about DVDs, first introduced in the United States in early 1997, they tested the concept of selling or renting DVDs by mail by mailing a compact disc to Hastings’s house in Santa Cruz.[40] When the disc arrived intact, they decided to enter the $16 billion home-video sales and rental industry.[40][21] Hastings is often quoted saying that he decided to start Netflix after being fined $40 at a Blockbuster store for being late to return a copy of Apollo 13, a claim since repudiated by Randolph.[21] Hastings invested $2.5 million into Netflix from the sale of Pure Atria.[43][21] Netflix launched as the first DVD rental and sales website with 30 employees and 925 titles available—nearly all DVDs published.[21][44][45] Randolph and Hastings met with Jeff Bezos, where Amazon offered to acquire Netflix for between $14 and $16 million. Fearing competition from Amazon, Randolph at first thought the offer was fair but Hastings, who owned 70% of the company, turned it down on the plane ride home.[46][47]

Initially, Netflix offered a per-rental model for each DVD but introduced a monthly subscription concept in September 1999.[48] The per-rental model was dropped by early 2000, allowing the company to focus on the business model of flat-fee unlimited rentals without due dates, late fees, shipping and handling fees, or per-title rental fees.[49] In September 2000, during the dot-com bubble, while Netflix was suffering losses, Hastings and Randolph offered to sell the company to Blockbuster LLC for $50 million. John Antioco, CEO of Blockbuster, thought the offer was a joke and declined, saying «The dot-com hysteria is completely overblown.»[50][51] While Netflix experienced fast growth in early 2001, the continued effects of the dot-com bubble collapse and the September 11 attacks caused the company to hold off plans for its initial public offering (IPO) and to lay off one-third of its 120 employees.[52]

Opened Netflix rental envelope containing a DVD copy of Coach Carter (2005)

DVD players were a popular gift for holiday sales in late 2001, and demand for DVD subscription services were «growing like crazy», according to chief talent officer Patty McCord.[53] The company went public on May 29, 2002, selling 5.5 million shares of common stock at US$15.00 per share.[54] In 2003, Netflix was issued a patent by the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office to cover its subscription rental service and several extensions.[55] Netflix posted its first profit in 2003, earning $6.5 million on revenues of $272 million; by 2004, profit had increased to $49 million on over $500 million in revenues.[56] In 2005, 35,000 different films were available, and Netflix shipped 1 million DVDs out every day.[57]

In 2004, Blockbuster introduced a DVD rental service, which not only allowed users to check out titles through online sites but allowed for them to return them at brick-and-mortar stores.[58] By 2006, Blockbuster’s service reached two million users, and while trailing Netflix’s subscriber count, was drawing business away from Netflix. Netflix lowered fees in 2007.[56] While it was an urban legend that Netflix ultimately «killed» Blockbuster in the DVD rental market, Blockbuster’s debt load and internal disagreements hurt the company.[58]

On April 4, 2006, Netflix filed a patent infringement lawsuit in which it demanded a jury trial in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, alleging that Blockbuster LLC’s online DVD rental subscription program violated two patents held by Netflix. The first cause of action alleged Blockbuster’s infringement of copying the «dynamic queue» of DVDs available for each customer, Netflix’s method of using the ranked preferences in the queue to send DVDs to subscribers, and Netflix’s method permitting the queue to be updated and reordered.[59] The second cause of action alleged infringement of the subscription rental service as well as Netflix’s methods of communication and delivery.[60] The companies settled their dispute on June 25, 2007; terms were not disclosed.[61][62][63][64]

On October 1, 2006, Netflix announced the Netflix Prize, $1,000,000 to the first developer of a video-recommendation algorithm that could beat its existing algorithm Cinematch, at predicting customer ratings by more than 10%. On September 21, 2009, it awarded the $1,000,000 prize to team «BellKor’s Pragmatic Chaos.»[65] Cinematch, launched in 2000, is a recommendation system that recommended movies to its users, many of which they might not ever had heard of before.[66][67]

Through its division Red Envelope Entertainment, Netflix licensed and distributed independent films such as Born into Brothels and Sherrybaby. In late 2006, Red Envelope Entertainment also expanded into producing original content with filmmakers such as John Waters.[68] Netflix closed Red Envelope Entertainment in 2008.[69][70]

Transition to streaming services (2007–2012)[edit]

In January 2007, the company launched a streaming media service, introducing video on demand via the Internet. However, at that time it only had 1,000 films available for streaming, compared to 70,000 available on DVD.[71] The company had for some time considered offering movies online, but it was only in the mid-2000s that data speeds and bandwidth costs had improved sufficiently to allow customers to download movies from the net. The original idea was a «Netflix box» that could download movies overnight, and be ready to watch the next day. By 2005, Netflix had acquired movie rights and designed the box and service. But after witnessing how popular streaming services such as YouTube were despite the lack of high-definition content, the concept of using a hardware device was scrapped and replaced with a streaming concept.[72]

In February 2007, Netflix delivered its billionth DVD, a copy of Babel to a customer in Texas.[73][74] In April 2007, Netflix recruited Anthony Wood, one of the early DVR business pioneers, to build a «Netflix Player» that would allow streaming content to be played directly on a television set rather than a PC or laptop.[75] While the player was initially developed at Netflix, Reed Hastings eventually shut down the project to help encourage other hardware manufacturers to include built-in Netflix support.[76][77]

In January 2008, all rental-disc subscribers became entitled to unlimited streaming at no additional cost. This change came in a response to the introduction of Hulu and to Apple’s new video-rental services.[78][79][page needed] In August 2008, the Netflix database was corrupted and the company was not able to ship DVDs to customers for 3 days, leading the company to move all its data to the Amazon Web Services cloud.[80] In November 2008, Netflix began offering subscribers rentals on Blu-ray and discontinued its sale of used DVDs.[81] In 2009, Netflix streams overtook DVD shipments.[82]

On January 6, 2010, Netflix agreed with Warner Bros. to delay new release rentals 28 days prior to retail, in an attempt to help studios sell physical copies, and similar deals involving Universal Pictures and 20th Century Fox were reached on April 9.[83][84][85] In July 2010, Netflix signed a deal to stream movies of Relativity Media.[86] In August 2010, Netflix reached a five-year deal worth nearly $1 billion to stream films from Paramount, Lionsgate and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. The deal increased Netflix’s annual spending fees, adding roughly $200 million per year. It spent $117 million in the first six months of 2010 on streaming, up from $31 million in 2009.[87] On September 22, 2010, the company first began offering streaming service to the international market, in Canada.[88][89] In November 2010, Netflix began offering a standalone streaming service separate from DVD rentals.[90]

In 2010, Netflix acquired the rights to Breaking Bad, produced by Sony Pictures Television, after the show’s third season, at a point where original broadcaster AMC had expressed the possibility of cancelling the show. Sony pushed Netflix to release Breaking Bad in time for the fourth season, which as a result, greatly expanded the show’s audience on AMC due to new viewers binging on the Netflix past episodes, and doubling the viewership by the time of the fifth season. Breaking Bad is considered the first such show to have this «Netflix effect.»[91]

In January 2011, Netflix introduced a Netflix button for certain remote controls, allowing users to instantly access Netflix on compatible devices.[92] In May 2011, Netflix’s streaming business became the largest source of Internet streaming traffic in North America, accounting for 30% of traffic during peak hours.[93][94][95][96] On July 12, 2011, Netflix announced that it would separate its existing subscription plans into two separate plans: one covering the streaming and the other DVD rental services.[97][98] The cost for streaming would be $7.99 per month, while DVD rental would start at the same price.[99] In September 2011, Netflix announced a content deal with DreamWorks Animation.[100] In September 2011, Netflix expanded to 43 countries in Latin America.[101][102][103] On September 18, 2011, Netflix announced its intentions to rebrand and restructure its DVD home media rental service as an independent subsidiary called Qwikster, separating DVD rental and streaming services.[104][105][106][107][108] On October 10, 2011, Netflix announced that it would retain its DVD service under the name Netflix and that its streaming and DVD-rental plans would remain branded together.[109][110]

On January 4, 2012, Netflix started its expansion to Europe, launching in the United Kingdom and Ireland.[111] In February 2012, Netflix signed a licensing deal with The Weinstein Company.[112][113] In March 2012, Netflix acquired the domain name DVD.com.[114] By 2016, Netflix rebranded its DVD-by-mail service under the name DVD.com, A Netflix Company.[115][116] In April 2012, Netflix filed with the Federal Election Commission (FEC) to form a political action committee (PAC) called FLIXPAC.[117] Netflix spokesperson Joris Evers tweeted that the intent was to «engage on issues like net neutrality, bandwidth caps, UBB and VPPA».[118][119] In June 2012, Netflix signed a deal with Open Road Films.[120][121]

On August 23, 2012, Netflix and The Weinstein Company signed a multi-year output deal for RADiUS-TWC films.[122][123] In September 2012, Epix signed a five-year streaming deal with Netflix. For the initial two years of this agreement, first-run and back-catalog content from Epix was exclusive to Netflix. Epix films came to Netflix 90 days after premiering on Epix.[124] These included films from Paramount, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and Lionsgate.[125][126]

On October 18, 2012, Netflix launched in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden.[127][128] On December 4, 2012, Netflix and Disney announced an exclusive multi-year agreement for first-run United States subscription television rights to Walt Disney Studios’ animated and live-action films, with classics such as Dumbo, Alice in Wonderland and Pocahontas available immediately and others available on Netflix beginning in 2016.[129] Direct-to-video releases were made available in 2013.[130][131] The agreement with Disney ended in 2019 due to the launch of Disney+. Netflix retained the rights to continue streaming the Marvel series that were produced for the service until March 1, 2022, following Disney’s reacquisition of the rights to those series.[132]

On January 14, 2013, Netflix signed an agreement with Time Warner’s Turner Broadcasting System and Warner Bros. Television to distribute Cartoon Network, Warner Bros. Animation, and Adult Swim content, as well as TNT’s Dallas, beginning in March 2013. The rights to these programs were given to Netflix shortly after deals with Viacom to stream Nickelodeon and Nick Jr. programs expired.[133]

Development of original programming (2013–2017)[edit]

In 2013, the company decided to slow launches in Europe to control subscription costs.[134]

In February 2013, Netflix announced it would be hosting its own awards ceremony, The Flixies.[135]

On March 13, 2013, Netflix added a Facebook sharing feature, letting United States subscribers access «Watched by your friends» and «Friends’ Favorites» by agreeing.[136] This was not legal until the Video Privacy Protection Act was modified in early 2013.[137]

In February 2013, DreamWorks Animation and Netflix co-produced Turbo Fast, based on the movie Turbo, which premiered in July.[138][139] Netflix has since become a major distributor of animated family and kid shows.

In July 2013, Orange Is the New Black debuted on Netflix,[140] which became Netflix’s most-watched original series.[141][142]

On August 1, 2013, Netflix reintroduced the «Profiles» feature that permits accounts to accommodate up to five user profiles.[143][144][145][146]

In September 2013, Netflix launched in the Netherlands and was then available in 40 countries.[147][148]

In November 2013, Netflix and Marvel Television announced a five-season deal to produce live-action Marvel superhero-focused series: Daredevil, Jessica Jones, Iron Fist and Luke Cage. The deal involves the release of four 13-episode seasons that culminate in a mini-series called The Defenders. Daredevil and Jessica Jones premiered in 2015.[149][150][151] The Luke Cage series premiered on September 30, 2016, followed by Iron Fist on March 17, 2017, and The Defenders on August 18, 2017.[152][153] The series, however, were removed from Netflix on March 1, 2022, following Disney’s announcement to reacquire the series’ rights after Netflix’s deal expired.

In February 2014, Netflix discovered that Comcast Cable was slowing its traffic down and agreed to pay Comcast to directly connect to the Comcast network.[154][155][156]

On March 7, 2014, new Star Wars content was released on Netflix’s streaming service: the sixth season of the television series Star Wars: The Clone Wars, as well as all five prior and the feature film.[157]

In April 2014, Netflix signed Arrested Development creator Mitchell Hurwitz and his production firm The Hurwitz Company to a multi-year deal to create original projects for the service.[158]

In May 2014, Netflix acquired streaming rights to films produced by Sony Pictures Animation.[159]

In June 2014, Netflix unveiled a global rebranding: a new logo, which uses a modern typeface with the drop shadowing removed, and a new website UI.[160]

In September 2014, Netflix became available in Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Luxembourg, and Switzerland.[161]

On September 10, 2014, Netflix participated in Internet Slowdown Day by deliberately slowing down its speed in protest of net neutrality laws.[162]

In October 2014, Netflix announced a four-film deal with Adam Sandler and his Happy Madison Productions.[163]

In April 2015, following the launch of Daredevil, Netflix director of content operations Tracy Wright announced that Netflix had added support for audio description (a narration track with aural descriptions of key visual elements for the blind or visually impaired), and had begun to work with its partners to add descriptions to its other original series over time.[164][165] The following year, as part of a settlement with the American Council of the Blind, Netflix agreed to provide descriptions for its original series within 30 days of their premiere, and add screen reader support and the ability to browse content by availability of descriptions.[166]

In March 2015, Netflix expanded to Australia and New Zealand.[167][168] In September 2015, Netflix launched in Japan, its first country in Asia.[169][170][171] In October 2015, Netflix launched in Italy, Portugal, and Spain.[172]

In January 2016, at the 2016 Consumer Electronics Show, Netflix announced a major international expansion of its service into 130 additional countries. It then had become available worldwide except China, Syria, North Korea, Kosovo and Crimea.[173]

In May 2016, Netflix created a tool called Fast.com to determine the speed of an Internet connection.[174] It received praise for being «simple» and «easy to use», and does not include online advertising, unlike competitors.[175][176][177]

On November 30, 2016, Netflix launched an offline playback feature, allowing users of the Netflix mobile apps on Android or iOS to cache content on their devices in standard or high quality for viewing offline, without an Internet connection.[178][179][180][181]

In 2016, Netflix released an estimated 126 original series or films, more than any other network or cable channel.[37]

In 2016, Netflix announced plans to expand its in-house production division and produced TV series including The Ranch and Chelsea.[182]

In February 2017, Netflix signed a music publishing deal with BMG Rights Management, whereby BMG will oversee rights outside of the United States for music associated with Netflix original content. Netflix continues to handle these tasks in-house in the United States.[183]

On April 25, 2017, Netflix signed a licensing deal with IQiyi, a Chinese video streaming platform owned by Baidu, to allow selected Netflix original content to be distributed in China on the platform.[184][185]

On August 7, 2017, in the first acquisition of an entire company, Netflix acquired Millarworld, the creator-owned publishing company of comic book writer Mark Millar.[6]

On August 14, 2017, Netflix announced that it had entered into an exclusive development deal with Shonda Rhimes and her production company Shondaland.[186]

In September 2017, Netflix announced it would offer its low-broadband mobile technology to airlines to provide better in-flight Wi-Fi so that passengers can watch movies on Netflix while on planes.[187]

In September 2017, Minister of Heritage Mélanie Joly announced that Netflix had agreed to make a CA$500 million (US$400 million) investment over the next five years in producing content in Canada. The company denied that the deal was intended to result in a tax break.[188][189] Netflix realized this goal by December 2018.[190]

In October 2017, Netflix iterated a goal of having half of its library consist of original content by 2019, announcing a plan to invest $8 billion on original content in 2018. There will be a particular focus on films and anime through this investment, with a plan to produce 80 original films and 30 anime series.[191]

In October 2017, Netflix introduced the «Skip Intro» feature which allows customers to skip the intros to shows on its platform. They do so through a variety of techniques including manual reviewing, audio tagging, and machine learning.[192][193]

In November 2017, Netflix signed an exclusive multi-year deal with Orange Is the New Black creator Jenji Kohan.[194]

In November 2017, Netflix withdrew from co-hosting the 75th Golden Globe Awards with The Weinstein Company due to the Harvey Weinstein sexual abuse cases.[195]

Expansion into international productions (2017–2020)[edit]

In November 2017, Netflix announced that it would be making its first original Colombian series, to be executive produced by Ciro Guerra.[196] In December 2017, Netflix signed Stranger Things director-producer Shawn Levy and his production company 21 Laps Entertainment to what sources say is a four-year deal.[197] In 2017, Netflix invested in distributing exclusive stand-up comedy specials from Dave Chappelle, Louis C.K., Chris Rock, Jim Gaffigan, Bill Burr and Jerry Seinfeld.[198]

In February 2018, Netflix acquired the rights to The Cloverfield Paradox from Paramount Pictures for $50 million and launched on its service on February 4, 2018, shortly after airing its first trailer during Super Bowl LII. Analysts believed that Netflix’s purchase of the film helped to make the film instantly profitable for Paramount compared to a more traditional theatrical release, while Netflix benefited from the surprise reveal.[199][200] Other films acquired by Netflix include international distribution for Paramount’s Annihilation[200] and Universal’s News of the World and worldwide distribution of Universal’s Extinction,[201] Warner Bros.’ Mowgli: Legend of the Jungle,[202] Paramount’s The Lovebirds[203] and 20th Century Studios’ The Woman in the Window.[204] In March, the service ordered Formula 1: Drive to Survive, a racing docuseries following teams in the Formula One world championship.[205]

In March 2018, Sky UK announced an agreement with Netflix to integrate Netflix’s subscription VOD offering into its pay-TV service. Customers with its high-end Sky Q set-top box and service will be able to see Netflix titles alongside their regular Sky channels.[206] In October 2022, Netflix revealed that its annual revenue from the UK subscribers in 2021 was £1.4bn.[207]

In April 2018, Netflix pulled out of the Cannes Film Festival, in response to new rules requiring competition films to have been released in French theaters. The Cannes premiere of Okja in 2017 was controversial, and led to discussions over the appropriateness of films with simultaneous digital releases being screened at an event showcasing theatrical film; audience members also booed the Netflix production logo at the screening. Netflix’s attempts to negotiate to allow a limited release in France were curtailed by organizers, as well as French cultural exception law—where theatrically screened films are legally forbidden from being made available via video-on-demand services until at least 36 months after their release.[208][209][210] Besides traditional Hollywood markets as well as from partners like the BBC, Sarandos said the company also looking to expand investments in non-traditional foreign markets due to the growth of viewers outside of North America. At the time, this included programs such as Dark from Germany, Ingobernable from Mexico and 3% from Brazil.[211][212][213]

On May 22, 2018, former president Barack Obama and his wife Michelle Obama signed a deal to produce docu-series, documentaries and features for Netflix under the Obamas’ newly formed production company, Higher Ground Productions.[214][215]

In June 2018, Netflix announced a partnership with Telltale Games to port its adventure games to the service in a streaming video format, allowing simple controls through a television remote.[216][217] The first game, Minecraft: Story Mode, was released in November 2018.[218] In July 2018, Netflix earned the most Emmy nominations of any network for the first time with 112 nods. On August 27, 2018, the company signed a five-year exclusive overall deal with international best–selling author Harlan Coben.[219] On the same day, the company inked an overall deal with Gravity Falls creator Alex Hirsch.[220] In October 2018, Netflix paid under $30 million to acquire Albuquerque Studios (ABQ Studios), a $91 million film and TV production facility with eight sound stages in Albuquerque, New Mexico, for its first U.S. production hub, pledging to spend over $1 billion over the next decade to create one of the largest film studios in North America.[221][222] In November 2018, Paramount Pictures signed a multi-picture film deal with Netflix, making Paramount the first major film studio to sign a deal with Netflix.[223] A sequel to AwesomenessTV’s To All the Boys I’ve Loved Before was released on Netflix under the title To All the Boys: P.S. I Still Love You as part of the agreement.[224] In December 2018, the company announced a partnership with ESPN Films on a television documentary chronicling Michael Jordan and the 1997–98 Chicago Bulls season titled The Last Dance. It was released internationally on Netflix and became available for streaming in the United States three months after a broadcast airing on ESPN.[225][226]

In January 2019, Sex Education made its debut as a Netflix original series with much critical acclaim.[227] On January 22, 2019, Netflix sought and was approved for membership into the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA), as the first streaming service to become a member of the association.[228] In February 2019, The Haunting creator Mike Flanagan joined frequent collaborator Trevor Macy as a partner in Intrepid Pictures and the duo signed an exclusive overall deal with Netflix to produce television content.[229] On May 9, 2019, Netflix contracted with Dark Horse Entertainment to make television series and films based on comics from Dark Horse Comics.[230] In July 2019, Netflix announced that it would be opening a hub at Shepperton Studios as part of a deal with Pinewood Group.[231] In early August 2019, Netflix negotiated an exclusive multi-year film and television deal with Game of Thrones creators and showrunners David Benioff and D.B. Weiss.[232][233][234][235][236] The first Netflix production created by Benioff and Weiss was planned as an adaptation of Liu Cixin’s science fiction novel The Three-Body Problem, part of the Remembrance of Earth’s Past trilogy.[237] On September 30, 2019, in addition to renewing Stranger Things for a fourth season, Netflix announced signing the series’ creators The Duffer Brothers to a nine-figure deal for additional films and televisions shows over multiple years.[238]

On November 13, 2019, Netflix and Nickelodeon entered into a multi-year agreement to produce several original animated feature films and television series based on Nickelodeon’s library of characters. This agreement expanded on their existing relationship, in which new specials based on the past Nickelodeon series Invader Zim and Rocko’s Modern Life (Invader Zim: Enter the Florpus and Rocko’s Modern Life: Static Cling respectively) were released by Netflix. Other new projects planned under the team-up include a music project featuring Squidward Tentacles from the animated television series SpongeBob SquarePants, and films based on The Loud House and Rise of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles.[239][240][241] In November 2019, Netflix announced it had signed a long-term lease to save the Paris Theatre, the last single-screen movie theater in Manhattan. The company oversaw several renovations at the theater, including new seats and a concession stand.[242][243][244]

Ted Sarandos, longtime CCO and named co-CEO in 2020

In January 2020, Netflix announced a new four-film deal with Adam Sandler worth up to $275 million.[245] On February 25, 2020, Netflix formed partnerships with six Japanese creators to produce an original Japanese anime project. This partnership includes manga creator group CLAMP, mangaka Shin Kibayashi, mangaka Yasuo Ohtagaki, novelist and film director Otsuichi, novelist Tow Ubutaka, and manga creator Mari Yamazaki.[246] On March 4, 2020, ViacomCBS announced that it will be producing two spin-off films based on SpongeBob SquarePants for Netflix.[247] On April 7, 2020, Peter Chernin’s Chernin Entertainment made a multi-year first-look deal with Netflix to make films.[248] On May 29, 2020, Netflix announced the acquisition of Grauman’s Egyptian Theatre from the American Cinematheque to use as a special events venue.[249][8][250] In July 2020, Netflix appointed Sarandos as co-CEO.[30][251] In July 2020, Netflix invested in Black Mirror creators Charlie Brooker and Annabel Jones’ new production outfit Broke And Bones.[9]

In September 2020, Netflix signed a multi-million dollar deal with the Duke and Duchess of Sussex. Harry and Meghan agreed to a multi-year deal promising to create TV shows, films, and children’s content as part of their commitment to stepping away from the duties of the royal family.[252][253] In September 2020, Hastings released a book about the Netflix culture titled No Rules Rules: Netflix and the Culture of Reinvention, which was co-authored by Erin Meyer.[254] In December 2020, Netflix signed a first-look deal with Millie Bobby Brown to develop and star in several projects including a potential action franchise.[255]

Expansion into gaming, Squid Game (2021–present)[edit]

In March 2021, Netflix earned the most Academy Award nominations of any studio, with 36. Netflix won seven Academy Awards, which was the most by any studio. Later that year, Netflix also won more Emmys than any other network or studio with 44 wins, tying the record for most Emmys won in a single year set by CBS in 1974. On April 8, 2021, Sony Pictures Entertainment announced an agreement for Netflix to hold the U.S. pay television window rights to its releases beginning in 2022, replacing Starz and expanding upon an existing agreement with Sony Pictures Animation. The agreement also includes a first-look deal for any future direct-to-streaming films being produced by Sony Pictures, with Netflix required to commit to a minimum number of them.[256][257][258] On April 27, 2021, Netflix announced that it was opening its first Canadian headquarters in Toronto.[259] The company also announced that it would open an office in Sweden as well as Rome and Istanbul to increase its original content in those regions.[260]

In early June, Netflix hosted a first-ever week-long virtual event called “Geeked Week,” where it shared exclusive news, new trailers, cast appearances and more about upcoming genre titles like The Witcher, The Cuphead Show!, and The Sandman.[261]

On June 7, 2021, Jennifer Lopez’s Nuyorican Productions signed a multi-year first-look deal with Netflix spanning feature films, TV series, and unscripted content, with an emphasis on projects that support diverse female actors, writers, and filmmakers.[262] On June 10, 2021, Netflix announced it was launching an online store for curated products tied to the Netflix brand and shows such as Stranger Things and The Witcher.[263][264] On June 21, 2021, Steven Spielberg’s Amblin Partners signed a deal with Netflix to release multiple new feature films for the streaming service.[265][266] On June 30, 2021, Powerhouse Animation Studios (the studio behind Netflix’s Castlevania) announced signing a first-look deal with the streamer to produce more animated series.[267]

In July 2021, Netflix hired Mike Verdu, a former executive from Electronic Arts and Facebook, as vice president of game development, along with plans to add video games by 2022.[268] Netflix announced plans to release mobile games which would be included in subscribers’ plans to the service.[269] Trial offerings were first launched for Netflix users in Poland in August 2021, offering premium mobile games based on Stranger Things including Stranger Things 3: The Game, for free to subscribers through the Netflix mobile app.[270]

On July 14, 2021, Netflix signed a first-look deal with Joey King, star of The Kissing Booth franchise, in which King will produce and develop films for Netflix via her All The King’s Horses production company.[271] On July 21, 2021, Zack Snyder, director of Netflix’s Army of the Dead, announced he had signed his production company The Stone Quarry to a first-look deal with; his upcoming projects include a sequel to Army of the Dead, the sci-fi adventure film Rebel Moon.[272][273][274][275] In 2019, he agreed to produce an anime-style web series inspired by Norse mythology.[276][277]

As of August 2021, Netflix Originals made up 40% of Netflix’s overall library in the United States.[278] The company announced that «TUDUM: A Netflix Global Fan Event», a three-hour virtual behind the scenes featuring first-look reveals for 100 of the streamer’s series, films and specials, would have its inaugural show in late September 2021.[279][280] According to Netflix, the show garnered 25.7 million views across Netflix’s 29 Netflix YouTube channels, Twitter, Twitch, Facebook, TikTok and Tudum.com.[281]

Also in September, the company announced The Queen’s Ball: A Bridgerton Experience, launching in 2022 in Los Angeles, Chicago, Montreal, and Washington, D.C..[282]

Squid Game, a South Korean survival drama created and produced by Hwang Dong-hyuk, had been acquired and produced by Netflix in 2019 as part of its expansion of foreign works and was released worldwide in multiple languages on September 17, 2021. The show rapidly became the service’s most-watched show within a week of its launch in many markets, including Korea, the U.S. and the United Kingdom.[213] Within its first 28 days on the service, Squid Game drew more than 111 million viewers, surpassing Bridgerton and becoming Netflix’s most-watched show.[283] On September 20, 2021, Netflix signed a long-term lease deal with Aviva Investors to operate and expand the Longcross Studios in Surrey, UK.[284] On September 21, 2021, Netflix announced that it would acquire the Roald Dahl Story Company, which manages the rights to Roald Dahl’s stories and characters, for an undisclosed price and would operate it as an independent company.[285][286][287][288]

The company acquired Night School Studio, an independent video game developer, in September 2021.[289] Netflix officially launched mobile games on November 2, 2021, for Android users around the world. Through the app, subscribers had free access to five games, including two previously made Stranger Things titles. Netflix stated that they intend to add more games to this service over time.[290] On November 9, the collection launched for iOS.[291] Some games in the collection require an active internet connection to play, while others will be available offline. Netflix Kids’ accounts will not have games available.[292]

On October 13, 2021, Netflix announced the launch of the Netflix Book Club, where readers will hear about new books, films, and series adaptations and have exclusive access to each book’s adaptation process. Netflix will partner with Starbucks to bring the book club to life via a social series called But Have You Read the Book?. Uzo Aduba will serve as the inaugural host of the series and announce monthly book selections set to be adapted by the streamer. Aduba will also speak with the cast, creators, and authors about the book adaptation process over a cup of coffee at Starbucks.[293][294] Through October 2021, Netflix commonly reported viewership for its programming based on the number of viewers or households that watched a show in a given period (such as the first 28 days from its premiere) for at least two minutes. On the announcement of its quarterly earnings in October 2021, the company stated that it would switch its viewership metrics to measuring the number of hours that a show was watched, including rewatches, which the company said was closer to the measurements used in linear broadcast television, and thus «our members and the industry can better measure success in the streaming world.»[295] On November 16, 2021, Netflix announced the launch of «Top10 on Netflix.com», a new website with weekly global and country lists of the most popular titles on their service based on their new viewership metrics.[296]

On November 22, 2021, Netflix announced that it would acquire Scanline VFX, the visual effects and animation company behind Cowboy Bebop and Stranger Things.[297] On the same day, Roberto Patino signed a deal with Netflix and established his own production banner, Analog Inc., in partnership with the company. Patino’s first project under the deal is a series adaptation of Image Comics’ Nocterra.[298] On December 6, 2021, Netflix and Stage 32 announced that they have teamed up the workshops at the Creating Content for the Global Marketplace program.[299] On December 7, 2021, Netflix partnered with IllumiNative, a woman-led non-profit organization, for the Indigenous Producers Training Program.[300][301]

On December 9, 2021, Netflix announced the launch of «Tudum,» an official companion website that offers news, exclusive interviews and behind-the-scenes videos for its original television shows and films.[302] On December 13, 2021, Netflix signed a multi-year overall deal with Kalinda Vazquez.[303] On December 16, 2021, Netflix signed a multi-year creative partnership with Spike Lee and his production company 40 Acres and a Mule Filmworks to develop film and television projects.[304] In December 2021, former Netflix engineer Sung Mo Jun was sentenced to 2 years in prison for an insider trading scheme where he leaked subscriber numbers in advance of official releases.[305][306]

In compliance with the EU Audiovisual Media Services Directive and its implementation in France, Netflix reached commitments with French broadcasting authorities and film guilds, as required by law, to invest a specific amount of its annual revenue into original French films and series. These films must be theatrically released and would not be allowed to be carried on Netflix until 15 months after their release.[307][308]

In January 2022, Netflix ordered additional sports docuseries from Drive to Survive producers Box to Box Films, including a series that would follow PGA Tour golfers, and another that would follow professional tennis players on the ATP and WTA Tour circuits.[309][310]

The company announced plans to acquire Next Games in March 2022 for €65 million as part of Netflix’s expansions into gaming. Next Games had developed the mobile title Stranger Things: Puzzle Tales as well as two The Walking Dead mobile games.[311] Later in the month, Netflix also acquired the Texas-based mobile game developer, Boss Fight Entertainment, for an undisclosed sum.[312]

On March 15, 2022, Netflix announced a partnership with Dr. Seuss Enterprises to produce five new series and specials based on Seuss properties following the success of Green Eggs and Ham.[313][314] On March 29, 2022, Netflix announced that it would open an office in Poland to serve as a hub for its original productions across Central and Eastern Europe.[315] On March 30, 2022, Netflix extended its lease agreement with Martini Film Studios, just outside Vancouver, Canada, for another five years.[316] On March 31, 2022, Netflix ordered a docuseries that would follow teams in the 2022 Tour de France, which would also be co-produced by Box to Box Films.[317]

Following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Netflix suspended its operations and future projects in Russia.[318][5] It also announced that it would not comply with a proposed directive by Roskomnadzor requiring all internet streaming services with more than 100,000 subscribers to integrate the major free-to-air channels (which are primarily state-owned).[319] A month later, ex-Russian subscribers filed a class action lawsuit against Netflix.[320][321]

At the end of Q1 2022, Netflix announced a decline in subscribers with almost 200,000 fewer viewers than at the end of the previous year.[322] Netflix stated that 100 million households globally were sharing passwords to their account with others, and that Canada and the United States accounted for 30 million of them. Following these announcements, Netflix’s stock price fell by 35 percent.[323][324][325][326] By June 2022, Netflix had laid off 450 full-time and contract employees as part of the company’s plan to trim costs amid lower than expected subscriber growth. The layoffs represented approximately 2 percent of the workforce and spread across the company globally.[327][328][329][330]

On April 13, 2022, Netflix released the series Our Great National Parks, which was hosted and narrated by former US President Barack Obama.[331] It also partnered with Group Effort Initiative, a company founded by Ryan Reynolds and Blake Lively, to provide opportunities behind the camera for those in underrepresented communities.[332] On the same day, Netflix partnered with Lebanon-based Arab Fund For Arts And Culture for supporting the Arab female filmmakers. It will provide a one-time grant of $250,000 to female producers and directors in the Arab world through the company’s Fund for Creative Equity.[333] Also on the same day, Netflix announced an Exploding Kittens mobile card game tied to a new animated TV series, which will launch in May.[334] Netflix announced that they have formed a creative partnership with J. Miles Dale.[335] The company also formed a partnership with Japan’s Studio Colorido, signing a multi-film deal to boost their anime content in Asia. The streaming giant is said to co-produce three feature films with the studio, the first of which will premiere in September 2022.[336]

On April 28, 2022, the company launched its inaugural Netflix Is a Joke comedy festival, featuring more than 250 shows over 12 nights at 30-plus locations across Los Angeles, including the first-ever stand-up show at Dodger Stadium.[337][338]

The first volume of Stranger Things 4 logged Netflix’s biggest premiere weekend ever for an original series with 286.79 million hours viewed.[339] This was preceded by a new Stranger Things interactive experience hosted in New York City that was developed by the show’s creators.[340] After the release of the second volume of Stranger Things 4 on July 1, 2022, it became Netflix’s second title to receive more than one billion hours viewed.[341]

On July 19, 2022, Netflix announced plans to acquire Australian animation studio Animal Logic.[342][343]

On July 22, 2022, it was reported that Netflix lost almost a million subscribers, which reduced its total subscribers down to 220.7 million.[344][345]

On September 5, 2022, it was reported that Netflix opened its office in Warsaw, Poland, responsible for the service’s operations in 28 markets in Central and Eastern Europe.[346]

On October 4, 2022, Netflix have signed a creative partnership with Andrea Berloff and John Gatins.[347]

On October 11, 2022, Netflix signed up to the Broadcasters’ Audience Research Board for external measurement of viewership in the UK.[348]

On October 12, 2022, Netflix signed to build a production complex at Fort Monmouth in Eatontown, New Jersey.[349]

At the end of Q3, it was reported that Netflix gained 2.41 million new subscribers, including a gain of 100,000 in North America, totaling 223.1 million subscribers worldwide. This exceeded Netflix’s prediction of a gain of 1 million subscribers for the quarter.[350]

On October 18, 2022, Netflix announced they are exploring a cloud gaming offering as well as opening a new gaming studio in Southern California.[351]

Availability and access[edit]

Global availability[edit]

Availability of Netflix, as of March 2022:

  Available

Netflix is available in every country and territory except for China, North Korea, Crimea, Syria and Russia.[354]

In January 2016, Netflix announced it would begin VPN blocking since they can be used to watch videos from a country where they are unavailable.[355] The result of the VPN block is that people can only watch videos available worldwide and other videos are hidden from search results.[356] Variety is present on Netflix. Hebrew and right-to-left interface orientation, which is a common localization strategy in many markets, are what define the Israeli user interface’s localization, and in some regions, Netflix offers a more affordable mobile-only subscription.[357]

Subscriptions[edit]

Globally, Netflix had 223.09 million paying subscribers at the end of Q3 2022.[358][359] Customers can subscribe to one of three plans; the difference in plans relate to video resolution, the number of simultaneous streams, and the number of devices to which content can be downloaded.[360]

At the end of Q1 2022, Netflix estimated that 100 million households globally were sharing passwords to their account with others.[325] In March 2022, Netflix began to charge a fee for additional users in Chile, Peru, and Costa Rica to attempt to control account sharing.[323][324][325] On July 18, 2022, Netflix announced that it would test the account sharing feature in more countries, including Argentina, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras.[361] On October 17, Netflix launched Profile Transfer to help end account sharing.[362]

In July 13, 2022, Netflix announced a partnership with Microsoft to launch an advertising-supported subscription plan.[363] On August 17, 2022, it was reported that Netflix’s planned advertising tier would not allow subscribers to download content like the existing ad-free platform.[364] On July 20, 2022, it was announced that the advertising-supported tier would be coming to Netflix in 2023 but it would not feature the full library of content.[365] Netflix US launched with 5.1% of the library unavailable including 60 Netflix Originals.[366] In September, Netflix announced that the launch would be moved up to November 1, 2022,[367][368] but in October, the launch date was changed to November 3, 2022. The ad-supported plan is called «Basic with Ads» and it costs $6.99 per month in the United States.[369] In Canada, the plan was launched two days later, on November 1.[370]

Device support[edit]

Netflix can be accessed via an internet browser on PCs, while Netflix apps are available on various platforms, including Blu-ray Disc players, tablet computers, mobile phones, smart TVs, digital media players, and video game consoles (including Xbox 360 and newer, and PlayStation 3 and newer).

In addition, a growing number of multichannel television providers, including cable television and IPTV services, have added Netflix apps accessible within their own set-top boxes, sometimes with the ability for its content (along with those of other online video services) to be presented within a unified search interface alongside linear television programming as an «all-in-one» solution.[371][372][373][374]

Content[edit]

Original programming[edit]

A «Netflix Original» is content that is produced, co-produced, or distributed by Netflix exclusively on their services. Netflix funds their original shows differently than other TV networks when they sign a project, providing the money upfront and immediately ordering two seasons of most series.[375]

Over the years, Netflix output ballooned to a level unmatched by any television network or streaming service. According to Variety Insight, Netflix produced a total of 240 new original shows and movies in 2018, then climbed to 371 in 2019, a figure «greater than the number of original series that the entire U.S. TV industry released in 2005.»[376] The Netflix budget allocated to production increased annually, reaching $13.6 billion in 2021 and projected to hit $18.9 billion by 2025, a figure that once again overshadowed any of its competitors.[377] As of August 2022, Netflix Originals made up 50% of Netflix’s overall library in the United States.[378]

Film and television deals[edit]

Netflix has exclusive pay TV deals with several studios. The deals give Netflix exclusive streaming rights while adhering to the structures of traditional pay TV terms.

Distributors that have licensed content to Netflix include Warner Bros., Universal Pictures, Sony Pictures Entertainment and previously The Walt Disney Studios (including 20th Century Fox). Netflix also holds current and back-catalog rights to television programs distributed by Walt Disney Television, DreamWorks Classics, Kino International, Warner Bros. Television and CBS Media Ventures, along with titles from other companies such as Allspark (formerly Hasbro Studios), Saban Brands, and Funimation. Formerly, the streaming service also held rights to select television programs distributed by NBCUniversal Television Distribution, Sony Pictures Television and 20th Century Fox Television.

Netflix negotiated to distribute animated films from Universal that HBO declined to acquire, such as The Lorax, ParaNorman, and Minions.[379]

Netflix holds exclusive streaming rights to the film library of Studio Ghibli (with the exception of Grave of the Fireflies) worldwide except in the U.S., Canada, China and Japan as part of an agreement signed with Ghibli’s international sales holder Wild Bunch in 2020.

Gaming[edit]

In July 2021, Netflix hired Mike Verdu, a former executive from Electronic Arts and Facebook, as vice president of game development, along with plans to add video games by 2022.[380] Netflix announced plans to release mobile games which would be included in subscribers’ plans to the service.[381] Trial offerings were first launched for Netflix users in Poland in August 2021, offering premium mobile games based on Stranger Things including Stranger Things 3: The Game, for free to subscribers through the Netflix mobile app.[382]

Netflix officially launched mobile games on November 2, 2021, for Android users around the world. Through the app, subscribers had free access to five games, including two previously made Stranger Things titles. Netflix stated that they intend to add more games to this service over time.[383] On November 9, the collection launched for iOS.[384] Verdu said in October 2022 that besides continuing to expand their portfolio of games, they were also interested in cloud gaming options.[385]

To support the games effort, Netflix began acquiring and forming a number of studios. The company acquired Night School Studio, an independent video game developer, in September 2021.[386] They announced plans to acquire Next Games in March 2022 for €65 million as part of Netflix’s expansions into gaming. Next Games had developed the mobile title Stranger Things: Puzzle Tales as well as two The Walking Dead mobile games.[387] Later in the month, Netflix also acquired the Texas-based mobile game developer, Boss Fight Entertainment, for an undisclosed sum.[312] Netflix opened a mobile game studio in Helsinki, Finland in September 2022,[388] and a new studio, their fifth total, in southern California in October 2022,[385] alongside the acquisition of Spry Fox in Seattle.[389]

As of October 2022, the service had 35 games available, and Netflix stated they had more than 55 games in development.[390] By August 2022, Netflix’s gaming platform was reported to have an average 1.7 million users a day, less than 1% of the streaming service’s subscribers at the time.[391]

Technology[edit]

Content delivery[edit]

Netflix settlement freely peers with Internet service providers (ISPs) directly and at common Internet exchange points. In June 2012, a custom content delivery network, Open Connect, was announced.[392] For larger ISPs with over 100,000 subscribers, Netflix offers free Netflix Open Connect server appliances that cache their content within the ISPs’ data centers or networks to further reduce Internet transit costs.[393][394] By August 2016, Netflix closed its last physical data center, but continued to develop its Open Connect technology.[395] A 2016 study at the University of London detected 233 individual Open Connect locations on over six continents, with the largest amount of traffic in the USA, followed by Mexico.[396][397]

As of July 2017, Netflix series and movies accounted for more than a third of all prime-time download Internet traffic in North America.[398]

API[edit]

On October 1, 2008, Netflix offered access to its service via a public application programming interface (API).[399] It allowed access to data for all Netflix titles, and allows users to manage their movie queues. The API was free and allowed commercial use.[400] In June 2012, Netflix began to restrict the availability of its public API.[401] They instead focused on a small number of known partners using private interfaces, since most traffic came from those private interfaces.[402] In June 2014, Netflix announced they would be retiring the public API; it became effective November 14, 2014.[403] They then partnered with the developers of eight services deemed the most valuable, including Instant Watcher, Fanhattan, Yidio and Nextguide.[404]

Corporate affairs[edit]

Historical financials and membership growth[edit]

Worldwide VOD subscribers of Netflix[405]

Year Revenue
in millions of US$ 		Employees Paid memberships
in millions
2005 682 2.5
2006 997 4.0
2007 1,205 7.3
2008 1,365 9.4
2009 1,670 11.9
2010 2,163 2,180 18.3
2011 3,205 2,348 21.6
2012 3,609 2,045 30.4
2013 4,375 2,022 41.4
2014 5,505 2,450 54.5
2015 6,780 3,700 70.8
2016 8,831 4,700 89.1
2017 11,693 5,500 117.5
2018 15,794 7,100 139.3
2019 20,156 8,600 167.1
2020 24,996 9,400 203.7
2021 29,697 11,300 221.8
Summation 142,723 61,345 1,210.6
Approximate average 8,395 5,112 71

Corporate culture[edit]

Netflix’s original Los Gatos headquarters (2006-2022)[406]

Netflix’s current Los Gatos headquarters (2022-present)[406]

Netflix grants all employees extremely broad discretion with respect to business decisions, expenses, and vacation—but in return expects consistently high performance, as enforced by what is known as the «keeper test.»[407][408] All supervisors are expected to constantly ask themselves if they would fight to keep an employee. If the answer is no, then it is time to let that employee go.[409] A slide from an internal presentation on Netflix’s corporate culture summed up the test as: «Adequate performance gets a generous severance package.»[408] Such packages reportedly range from four months’ salary in the United States to as much as six months in the Netherlands.[409]

The company offers unlimited vacation time for salaried workers and allows employees to take any amount of their paychecks in stock options.[410]

About the culture that results from applying such a demanding test, Hastings has said that «You gotta earn your job every year at Netflix,»[411] and, «There’s no question it’s a tough place…There’s no question it’s not for everyone.»[412] Hastings has drawn an analogy to athletics: professional athletes lack long-term job security because an injury could end their career in any particular game, but they learn to put aside their fear of that constant risk and focus on working with great colleagues in the current moment.[413]

Environmental impact[edit]

In March 2021, Netflix announced that it would work to reach net zero greenhouse gas emissions by the end of 2022, while investing in programs to preserve or restore ecosystems. The company stated that it would cut emissions from its operations and electricity use by 45 percent by 2030. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and lack of content production, Netflix had a 14 percent drop in emissions in 2020.[414][415] In 2021, Netflix bought 1.5 million carbon credits from 17 projects around the world.[416]

Awards[edit]

On July 18, 2013, Netflix earned the first Primetime Emmy Award nominations for original streaming programs at the 65th Primetime Emmy Awards. Three of its series, Arrested Development, Hemlock Grove and House of Cards, earned a combined 14 nominations (nine for House of Cards, three for Arrested Development and two for Hemlock Grove).[417] The House of Cards episode «Chapter 1» received four nominations for both the 65th Primetime Emmy Awards and 65th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards, becoming the first episode of a streaming television series to receive a major Primetime Emmy Award nomination. With its win for Outstanding Cinematography for a Single-Camera Series, «Chapter 1» became the first episode from a streaming service to be awarded an Emmy.[417][418][419] David Fincher’s win for Directing for a Drama Series for House of Cards made the episode the first from a streaming service to win a Primetime Emmy.[420]

On November 6, 2013, Netflix earned its first Grammy nomination when You’ve Got Time by Regina Spektor — the main title theme song for Orange Is the New Black — was nominated for Best Song Written for Visual Media.[421]

On December 12, 2013, the network earned six nominations for Golden Globe Awards, including four for House of Cards.[422] Among those nominations was Wright for Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Television Series Drama for her portrayal of Claire Underwood, which she won. With the accolade, Wright became the first actress to win a Golden Globe for a streaming television series. It also marked Netflix’s first major acting award.[423][424][425] House of Cards and Orange is the New Black also won Peabody Awards in 2013.[426]

On Jan. 16, 2014, Netflix became the first streaming service to earn an Academy Award nomination when The Square was nominated for Best Documentary Feature.[427]

On July 10, 2014, Netflix received 31 Emmy nominations. Among other nominations, House of Cards received nominations for Outstanding Drama Series, Outstanding Directing in a Drama Series and Outstanding Writing in a Drama Series. Kevin Spacey and Robin Wright were nominated for Outstanding Lead Actor and Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series. Orange is the New Black was nominated in the comedy categories, earning nominations for Outstanding Comedy Series, Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series and Outstanding Directing for a Comedy Series. Taylor Schilling, Kate Mulgrew, and Uzo Aduba were respectively nominated for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series, Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series and Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series (the latter was for Aduba’s recurring role in season one, as she was promoted to series regular for the show’s second season).[428]

Netflix got the largest share of 2016 Emmy award nominations, with 16 major nominations. However, streaming shows only got 24 nominations out of a total of 139, falling significantly behind cable. The 16 Netflix nominees were: House of Cards with Kevin Spacey, A Very Murray Christmas with Bill Murray, Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt, Master of None, and Bloodline.[429]

Stranger Things received 19 nominations at the 2017 Primetime Emmy Awards, while The Crown received 13 nominations.[430]

In December 2017, Netflix was awarded PETA’s Company of the Year for promoting animal rights movies and documentaries like Forks Over Knives and What the Health.[431][432]

At the 90th Academy Awards, held on March 4, 2018, the film Icarus, distributed by Netflix, won its first Oscar for Best Documentary Feature. During his remarks backstage, director and writer Bryan Fogel remarked that Netflix had «single-handedly changed the documentary world.» Icarus had its premiere at the 2017 Sundance Film Festival and was bought by Netflix for $5 million, one of the biggest deals ever for a non-fiction film.[433] Netflix became the network whose programs received more nomination at the 2018 Primetime and Creative Arts Emmy Awards with 112 nominations, therefore breaking HBO’s 17-years record as a network whose programs received more nomination at the Emmys, which received 108 nominations.[434][435]

On January 22, 2019, films distributed by Netflix scored 15 nominations for the 91st Academy Awards, including Academy Award for Best Picture for Alfonso Cuarón’s Roma, which was nominated for 10 awards.[436] The 15 nominations equal the total nominations films distributed by Netflix had received in previous years.

In 2020, Netflix received 20 TV nominations and films distributed by Netflix also got 22 film nominations at the 78th Golden Globe Awards. It secured three out of the five nominations for best drama TV series for The Crown, Ozark and Ratched and four of the five nominations for best actress in a TV series: Olivia Colman, Emma Corrin, Laura Linney and Sarah Paulson.[437][438]

In 2020, Netflix earned 24 Academy Award nominations, marking the first time a streaming service led all studios.[439]

Films and programs distributed by Netflix received 30 nominations at the 2021 Screen Actors Guild Awards, more than any other distribution company, where their distributed films and programs won 7 awards including best motion picture for The Trial of the Chicago 7 and best TV drama for The Crown.[440][441] Netflix also received the most nominations of any studio at the 93rd Academy Awards — 35 total nominations with 7 award wins.[442][443]

In February 2022, The Power of the Dog gritty western distributed by Netflix and directed by Jane Campion, received 12 nominations, including Best Picture, for the 94th annual Academy Awards. Films distributed by the streamer received a total of 72 nominations.[444] Campion became the third female to receive the Best Director award, winning her second Oscar for The Power of the Dog.[445] At the 50th International Emmy Awards in November 2022, Netflix original Sex Education won Best Comedy Series.[446]

Criticism[edit]

Netflix has been subject to criticism from various groups and individuals as its popularity and market reach increased in the 2010s.

Customers have complained about price increases in Netflix offerings dating back to the company’s decision to separate its DVD rental and streaming services, which was quickly reversed. As Netflix increased its streaming output, it has faced calls to limit accessibility to graphic content and include viewer advisories for issues such as sensationalism and promotion of pseudoscience. Netflix’s content has also been criticized by disability rights advocates for lack of captioning quality.[447]

Some media organizations and competitors have criticized Netflix for selectively releasing ratings and viewer numbers of its original programming. The company has made claims boasting about viewership records without providing data to substantiate its successes or using problematic estimation methods.[448] In March 2020, some government agencies called for Netflix and other streamers to limit services due to increased broadband and energy consumption as use of the platform increased. In response, the company announced it would reduce bit rates across all streams in Europe, thus decreasing Netflix traffic on European networks by around 25 percent. These same steps were later taken in India.[citation needed]

In May 2022, Netflix’s shareholder Imperium Irrevocable Trust filed a lawsuit against the company for violating the U.S. securities laws.[449]

See also[edit]

  • List of streaming media services

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Further reading[edit]

  • Hastings, Reed (2020). No Rules Rules: Netflix and the Culture of Reinvention. Penguin Press. ISBN 978-1-984877-86-4.
  • McDonald, Kevin; Smith-Rowsey, Daniel (2016). The Netflix Effect (1st ed.). Bloomsbury Academic & Professional. ISBN 978-1-5013-0944-1.

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Netflix.

  • Netflix Edit this at Wikidata – official site
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Источник

Американская медиа-сервисная компания

Netflix, Inc.

Netflix 2015 logo.svg
Netflix - English.jpg Скриншот англоязычного веб-сайта Netflix
Тип бизнеса Общедоступный
Тип сайта Платформа OTT
Торгуется как
  • NASDAQ : NFLX
  • NASDAQ-100 компонент
  • SP 100 компонент
  • SP 500 компонент
Основан 29 августа 1997 г.; 23 года назад (1997-08-29) в Скоттс-Вэлли, Калифорния
Штаб-квартира Лос-Гатос, Калифорния, США

Производственные центры:

  • Альбукерке, Нью-Мексико, США
  • Ивер Хит, Бакингемшир, Англия
  • Нью-Йорк, Нью-Йорк, США
  • Трес Кантос, Мадрид, Испания
Обслуживаемая территория По всему миру (за исключением материкового Китая, Сирии, Северной Кореи и Крым )
Основатель (и)
  • Рид Гастингс
  • Марк Рэндольф
Ключевые люди
  • Рид Гастингс (Председатель, Со- Генеральный директор )
  • Тед Сарандос (со- генеральный директор, CCO )
  • Грег Питерс (COO, CPO )
Промышленность Техника и развлечения, СМИ
Продукция
  • Потоковое мультимедиа
  • видео по запросу
Услуги
  • Производство фильмов
  • кинопрокат
  • телепродукция
Выручка Увеличить 20,156 млрд долларов США (2019 г.)
Операционная прибыль Увеличить 2,604 млрд долларов США (2019 г.)
Чистая прибыль Увеличить 1 доллар США 0,866 миллиарда (2019)
Общая сумма активов Увеличить 33,975 миллиарда долларов США (2019)
Общий капитал Увеличить 7,582 миллиарда долларов США (2019)
Сотрудники 8600 (2019)
Подразделения Потоковое вещание в США. Международное потоковое вещание. Отечественные DVD
Дочерние компании
  • DVD Netflix (DVD.com)
  • Millarworld
  • LT-LA
  • ABQ Studios
  • Netflix Анимация
  • Netflix Pte. Ltd.
  • Netflix Services UK Limited
  • Netflix Streaming Services International BV
  • Netflix Streaming Services, Inc.
  • Netflix Global, LLC
  • Netflix Services Germany GmbH
  • NetflixCS, Inc.
  • Netflix Luxembourg Sa rl
  • Netflix Studios
  • Netflix Entretenimento Brasil LTDA.
  • Netflix Pty. Ltd.
  • StoryBots, Inc.
  • Египетский театр
  • Broke and Bones (ставка)
URL www.netflix.com
Alexa рейтинг Увеличить 19 (октябрь 2020 г.)
Регистрация Требуется
Пользователи Увеличить 193 миллиона (платных)

Netflix, Inc. — американская технология и поставщик медиа-услуг и продюсерская компания со штаб-квартирой в Лос-Гатос, Калифорния. Netflix была основана в 1997 году Ридом Гастингсом и Марком Рэндольфом в Скоттс-Вэлли, Калифорния. Основным направлением деятельности компании является предоставление стримингового сервиса , основанного на подписке, который предлагает потоковое воспроизведение в режиме онлайн библиотеки фильмов и телесериалов, в том числе произведенных собственными силами. По состоянию на апрель 2020 года у Netflix было более 193 миллионов платных подписок по всему миру, в том числе 73 миллиона в США. Он доступен во всем мире, за исключением следующих регионов: материковый Китай (из-за местных ограничений), Сирия, Северная Корея и Крым (из-за санкций США). У компании также есть офисы во Франции, Великобритании, Бразилии, Нидерландах, Индии, Японии и Южной Корее. Netflix является членом Motion Picture Association (MPA). Сегодня компания производит и распространяет контент из стран по всему миру.

Первоначальная бизнес-модель Netflix включала продажу и аренду DVD по почте, но Гастингс отказался от продаж примерно через год после основания компании, чтобы сосредоточиться на первоначальном бизнесе по аренде DVD. Netflix расширил свой бизнес в 2007 году, представив потоковое мультимедиа, сохранив при этом бизнес по аренде DVD и Blu-ray. В 2010 году компания расширилась на международный рынок, потоковое вещание стало доступно в Канаде, затем в Латинской Америке и Карибском бассейне. Netflix вошла в индустрию производства контента в 2013 году, представив свой первый сериал Карточный домик.

С 2012 года Netflix стал более активно выступать в качестве продюсера и дистрибьютора как фильмов, так и телесериалов, и с этой целью: он предлагает разнообразный контент «Netflix Original » через свою онлайн-библиотеку. К январю 2016 года сервисы Netflix работали более чем в 190 странах. Netflix выпустил примерно 126 оригинальных сериалов и фильмов в 2016 году — больше, чем любой другой сетевой или кабельный канал. Их усилия по созданию нового контента, защите прав на дополнительный контент и диверсификации в 190 странах привели к тому, что компания накопила многомиллиардный долг: 21,9 миллиарда долларов по состоянию на сентябрь 2017 года по сравнению с 16,8 миллиардами долларов в предыдущем году. Из них 6,5 млрд долларов — это долгосрочная задолженность, а оставшаяся часть приходится на долгосрочные обязательства. В октябре 2018 года Netflix объявила, что привлечет еще 2 миллиарда долларов в качестве финансирования для нового контента. 10 июля 2020 года Netflix стала крупнейшей развлекательной / медиа-компанией по рыночной капитализации.

Содержание

  • 1 История
    • 1.1 Создание
    • 1.2 Членский взнос, предложение о приобретении Blockbuster, начало роста
    • 1.3 Представление видео по запросу, снижение продаж DVD, глобальное расширение
    • 1.4 Ранний исходный контент Netflix
    • 1.5 Доминирование, присутствие и постоянный рост индустрии развлечений
    • 1.6 Ребрендинг и более широкая международная экспансия
  • 2 Владение
  • 3 Корпоративная культура
  • 4 Финансы
  • 5 Услуги
    • 5.1 История
    • 5.2 Аренда дисков
    • 5.3 Профили
      • 5.3.1 Повторное внедрение
    • 5.4 Дочерние компании
  • 6 Продукты
  • 7 Содержание
    • 7.1 Оригинальные программы
    • 7.2 Сделки с фильмами и телепрограммами
      • 7.2.1 Продюсеры и дистрибьюторы
      • 7.2.2 Текущие
      • 7.2.3 Бывшие
    • 7.3 Интерактивный контент
  • 8 Поддержка устройств и технические детали
  • 9 Продажи и маркетинг
  • 10 Международная экспансия
    • 10.1 Пользователи по всему миру
  • 11 Конкуренты
  • 12 Инциденты
  • 13 Награды
  • 14 Финансы и доходы
    • 14,1 2010
    • 14,2 2011
    • 14,3 2014
    • 14,4 2016
    • 14,5 2019
    • 14,6 2020
  • 15 Критика
    • 15,1 Доступность
    • 15,2 Широкополосный доступ и потребление энергии
    • 15.3 Контент и партнерство
    • 15.4 Модель кинопроката
    • 15.5 Уход от налогов
    • 15.6 Утверждения о количестве зрителей
    • 15,7 Продвижение псевдонауки
    • 15,8 Милашки
  • 16 Влияние
  • 17 См. Также
  • 18 Источники
  • 19 Дополнительная литература
  • 20 Внешние ссылки

История

Создание

Давнее местонахождение штаб-квартиры Netflix в Лос-Гатосе и текущий юридический адрес по адресу: 100 Winchester Circle (Building A) Расширенный кампус штаб-квартиры Netflix в Лос-Гатосе по адресу Олбрайт-Уэй, 90–160 (здание G, 101 Олбрайт-Уэй).

Марк Рэндольф и Рид Гастингс основали Netflix 29 августа 1997 года в Скоттс-Вэлли, Калифорния. Рэндольф работал директором по маркетингу в компании Гастингса Pure Atria. Рэндольф был соучредителем MicroWarehouse, компании по доставке компьютеров по почте; Borland International позже наняла его на должность вице-президента по маркетингу. Гастингс, ученый-компьютерщик и математик, продал Pure Atria Rational Software Corporation в 1997 году за 700 миллионов долларов, что на тот момент стало крупнейшим приобретением в истории Кремниевой долины. Эти двое пришли к идее Netflix, когда ездили между своими домами в Санта-Крус и штаб-квартирой Pure Atria в Саннивейле, ожидая, пока государственные регулирующие органы одобрят слияние, хотя Гастингс дал несколько разных объяснений того, как эта идея

Гастингс вложил 2,5 миллиона долларов в денежные средства для запуска Netflix. Рэндольф восхищался молодой компанией электронной коммерции Amazon и хотел найти большую категорию портативных товаров для продажи через Интернет, используя аналогичную модель. Гастингс и Рэндольф сочли и отвергли кассеты VHS как слишком дорогие для хранения и слишком хрупкие для отправки. Когда они услышали о DVD, впервые представленных в Соединенных Штатах 24 марта 1997 года, они протестировали идею продажи или аренды DVD по почте, отправив компакт-диск по почте в дом Гастингса в Санта-Крус. Когда диск прибыл в целости и сохранности, они решили заняться продажей и прокатом домашнего видео стоимостью 16 миллиардов долларов. Часто цитируют Гастингса, говорящего о том, что он решил запустить Netflix после того, как его оштрафовали на 40 долларов в магазине Blockbuster за то, что он опоздал с возвратом копии Apollo 13, но он и Рэндольф придумали эту апокрифическую историю, чтобы объяснить бизнес-модель компании. и мотивация.

Netflix запущен как первый в мире онлайн-магазин по аренде DVD-дисков, в котором работает всего 30 сотрудников и доступно 925 наименований (почти весь каталог DVD-дисков на тот момент) с использованием модели с оплатой за аренду, с ставки и сроки оплаты аналогичны таковым у его обычного конкурента, Blockbuster.

Членский взнос, предложение о приобретении Blockbuster, начало роста

Netflix представила концепцию ежемесячной подписки в сентябре 1999 года, а затем отказался от модели однократной аренды в начале 2000 года. С того времени (см. Технические подробности Netflix ) компания построила свою репутацию на бизнес-модели фиксированной неограниченной аренды без сроков, штрафов за просрочку платежа, сборов за доставку и обработку или общие сборы.

В 2000 году, когда у Netflix было всего около 300 000 подписчиков и они полагались на почтовую службу США для доставки своих DVD, их убытки составили 57 миллионов долларов, и Blockbuster предлагала их приобрести за 50 миллионов долларов. Они предположили, что Netflix, который будет переименован в Blockbuster.com, будет заниматься онлайн-бизнесом, а Blockbuster позаботится о DVD, что сделает их менее зависимыми от Почтовой службы США. Предложение было отклонено.

Хотя в начале 2001 года они быстро росли, лопнул пузырь доткомов и атаки 11 сентября позже в том же году, что повлияло на компании и вынудили их уволить треть из 120 сотрудников. Тем не менее, продажи DVD-плееров, наконец, взлетели, поскольку они стали более доступными и продавались примерно за 200 долларов в день Благодарения, став одним из самых популярных рождественских подарков того года. К началу 2002 года Netflix продемонстрировал огромный рост своего бизнеса по подписке.

Netflix инициировал первичное публичное размещение (IPO) 29 мая 2002 года, продав 5,5 миллионов акций обыкновенных акции по цене 15 долларов США за акцию. 14 июня 2002 г. компания продала дополнительно 825 000 обыкновенных акций по той же цене. Понеся существенные убытки в течение первых нескольких лет, Netflix опубликовал первую прибыль в 2003 финансовом году, получив прибыль в размере 6,5 миллионов долларов США при выручке в 272 миллиона долларов США. В 2005 году было доступно 35 000 различных фильмов, и Netflix ежедневно поставлял 1 миллион DVD.

Рэндольф, основной продюсер и член правления Netflix, ушел из компании в 2004 году.

Netflix в 2004 году был привлечен к суду за ложную рекламу в связи с претензиями о «неограниченном аренде» с «однодневной доставкой».

Введение в видео по запросу, снижение продаж DVD, глобальное расширение

Первый логотип, используемый с 1997 года до 2000 Логотип Netflix, используемый с 2000 по 2014 год Значок Netflix N, используемый с 2014 года

Некоторое время компания рассматривала возможность предлагать фильмы в Интернете, но только в середине 2000-х скорость передачи данных и пропускная способность затраты значительно увеличились, чтобы позволить клиентам скачивать фильмы из сети. Первоначальной идеей была «коробка Netflix», которая могла загружать фильмы за ночь и быть готовыми к просмотру на следующий день. К 2005 году они приобрели права на кино, разработали коробку и сервис и были готовы опубликовать их. Но после открытия YouTube и наблюдения за тем, насколько популярны потоковые сервисы, несмотря на отсутствие контента высокой четкости, концепция использования аппаратного устройства была отменена и заменена концепцией потоковой передачи, проект, который был завершен в 2007 году.

Netflix разработала и поддерживает обширную персонализированную систему видеорекламы, основанную на оценках и отзывах своих клиентов. 1 октября 2006 года Netflix предложила приз 1 000 000 долларов первому разработчику видео-рекомендации алгоритма, который может превзойти существующий алгоритм Cinematch, прогнозируя рейтинги клиентов более чем на 10%..

В феврале 2007 года компания представила свой миллиардный DVD и начала отходить от своей исходной основной бизнес-модели DVD, внедряя видео по запросу через Интернет. Netflix рос по мере того, как с 2006 по 2011 год продажи DVD упали.

Еще одним фактором, способствовавшим успеху компании в прокате DVD в Интернете, было то, что они могли предложить гораздо больший выбор фильмов на выбор, чем пункты проката Blockbuster. Но когда в 2007 году они начали предлагать своим подписчикам потоковый контент бесплатно, они могли предложить не более 1000 фильмов и телешоу, всего 1% по сравнению с более чем 100 000 различных DVD. Тем не менее, поскольку популярность продолжала расти, количество фильмов, доступных для потоковой передачи, также увеличивалось и в июне 2009 года достигло 12 000 фильмов и шоу. Одной из ключевых особенностей Netflix было наличие системы рекомендаций, известной как Cinematch, которая не только заставил зрителей оставаться привязанными к сервису, создав стоимость переключения, но он также выявил те фильмы, которые были недооценены, чтобы клиенты могли смотреть эти фильмы по своим рекомендациям. Это было атрибутом, который принес пользу не только Netflix, но и его зрителям и тем студиям, которые были второстепенными по сравнению с другими.

В январе 2013 года Netflix сообщил, что за четвертый квартал прошлого года у него появилось два миллиона клиентов из США. 2012 г., в общей сложности 27,1 миллиона клиентов потоковой передачи в США и 29,4 миллиона клиентов потоковой передачи. Кроме того, выручка за тот же период выросла на 8% до 945 миллионов долларов. В апреле 2013 года это число увеличилось до 36,3 миллиона подписчиков (29,2 миллиона в США). По состоянию на сентябрь 2013 года в отчете за третий квартал того же года Netflix сообщил, что общее количество подписчиков потоковой передачи в мире составляет 40,4 миллиона (31,2 миллиона в США).. К четвертому кварталу 2013 года у Netflix было 33,1 миллиона подписчиков в США. К сентябрю 2014 года у Netflix были подписчики в более чем 40 странах с намерением расширить свои услуги в недоступных странах. К октябрю 2018 года клиентская база Netflix достигла 137 миллионов человек по всему миру, что подтверждает его статус крупнейшего в мире онлайн-сервиса видео по подписке.

Ранний исходный контент Netflix

Netflix сыграл заметную роль в независимый фильм прокат. Через свое подразделение Red Envelope Entertainment Netflix лицензировала и распространяла независимые фильмы, такие как Born into Brothels и Sherrybaby. В конце 2006 года Red Envelope Entertainment также расширилась, создавая оригинальный контент с такими режиссерами, как Джон Уотерс. Netflix закрыл Red Envelope Entertainment в 2008 году, отчасти для того, чтобы избежать конкуренции со своими партнерами-студиями.

Доминирование, присутствие и постоянный рост индустрии развлечений

Netflix был одним из самых успешных dot -ком венчурс. В сентябре 2002 года The New York Times сообщила, что в то время Netflix отправляла по почте около 190 000 дисков в день своим 670 000 подписчикам в месяц. Опубликованное компанией количество подписчиков увеличилось с одного миллиона в четвертом квартале 2002 года до примерно 5,6 миллиона в конце третьего квартала 2006 года до 14 миллионов в марте 2010 года. Ранний рост Netflix был вызван быстрым распространением DVD. игроки в домохозяйствах; в 2004 году почти две трети домов в Соединенных Штатах имели DVD-плееры. Netflix извлекла выгоду из успеха DVD и его быстрой экспансии в дома Соединенных Штатов, объединив потенциал Интернета и электронной коммерции для предоставления услуг и каталогов, с которыми обычные розничные торговцы не могли конкурировать. Netflix также управляет онлайн-партнерской программой, которая помогла увеличить продажи через Интернет и для проката DVD. Компания предлагает неограниченное время отпуска для наемных работников и позволяет сотрудникам получать любую сумму своей зарплаты в виде акций.

К 2010 году потоковый бизнес Netflix вырос настолько быстро, что в течение нескольких месяцев компания перешла от самого быстрого. растущий клиент Почтовой службы США первоклассных услуг для крупнейшего источника потокового интернет-трафика в Северной Америке в вечернее время. В ноябре он начал предлагать автономный потоковый сервис отдельно от аренды DVD. 18 сентября 2011 года Netflix объявила о своем намерении провести ребрендинг и реструктуризацию своей услуги по аренде домашних DVD-дисков в независимую дочернюю компанию под названием Qwikster, разделив услуги аренды DVD и потоковой передачи. Энди Рендич, 12-летний ветеран Netflix, должен был стать генеральным директором Qwikster. Qwikster будет продавать видеоигры, а Netflix — нет. Однако в октябре 2011 года Netflix объявила, что сохранит свою службу DVD под названием Netflix и фактически не будет создавать Qwikster для этой цели.

В апреле 2011 года у Netflix было более 23 миллионов подписчиков в США и более 26 миллионов во всем мире. В июле 2011 года Netflix изменила цены, взимая с клиентов отдельную плату за аренду почты и потоковую передачу. Это означало повышение цен для клиентов, которые хотели продолжать пользоваться обеими услугами. 24 октября Netflix объявил о 800 000 отписавшихся в Соединенных Штатах в третьем квартале 2011 года, и в четвертом квартале 2011 года ожидалось еще больше потерь. Однако доход Netflix подскочил на 63% в третьем квартале 2011 года. Цифровая выручка Netflix достигла не менее 1,5 миллиарда долларов. 26 января 2012 года к концу четвертого квартала 2011 года Netflix добавила 610 000 подписчиков в США, что составляет 24,4 миллиона подписчиков в США за этот период времени. Однако 23 октября Netflix объявил о снижении прибыли на 88% за третий квартал года.

Открыл конверт для аренды Netflix, содержащий DVD с записью Coach Carter

. В апреле 2012 года Netflix подала заявку на Федеральная избирательная комиссия (FEC) сформирует комитет политических действий (PAC) под названием FLIXPAC. Politico сослался на PAC, расположенный в Лос-Гатос, Калифорния., как «еще один политический инструмент, с помощью которого можно агрессивно настаивать на защите интеллектуальной собственности и борьбе с видеопиратством». Группа хактивистов Anonymous призвала бойкот Netflix после появления новостей. Представитель Netflix Джорис Эверс указал, что PAC не был настроен для поддержки Закона о борьбе с пиратством в Интернете (SOPA) и Закона о защите IP (PIPA), написав в Твиттере, что его намерением было: участвовать в таких вопросах, как сетевой нейтралитет, ограничение пропускной способности, UBB и VPPA «.

В феврале 2013 года Netflix объявила, что будет проводить свои собственные награды Церемония, The Flixies. 13 марта 2013 года Netflix объявил о внедрении Facebook, позволяя подписчикам из США получать доступ к разделам «Наблюдаемые вашими друзьями» и «Избранное друзей» по согласованию. Это было незаконным до Закона о защите конфиденциальности видео 1988 г. был изменен в начале 2013 г.

Ребрендинг и более широкое международное расширение

В апреле 2014 г. Netflix приблизился к 50 миллионам глобальных подписчиков с 32,3% долей рынка потокового видео в США.. Netflix работает в 41 стране мира. В июне 2014 года Netflix представила глобальный ребрендинг: новый логотип, в котором используется современный шрифт. ce с удаленным затенением и новым веб-сайтом UI. Изменение было спорным; некоторым понравился новый минималистичный дизайн, тогда как другим был удобнее старый интерфейс. В июле 2014 года количество подписчиков Netflix превысило 50 миллионов по всему миру, 36 миллионов из которых находятся в США.

После запуска Daredevil в апреле 2015 года директор Netflix по операциям с контентом Трейси Райт объявила, что Netflix добавила поддержку аудиоописание (дорожка с повествованием, которая содержит звуковые описания ключевых визуальных элементов для слепых или слабовидящих) и начала работать со своими партнерами над добавлением описаний к другому оригиналу серии с течением времени. В следующем году, в рамках соглашения с Американским советом слепых, Netflix согласился предоставить описания своих оригинальных сериалов в течение 30 дней после их премьеры и добавить поддержку программ чтения с экрана и возможность просматривать контент по наличию описаний.

На выставке Consumer Electronics Show в 2016 году Netflix объявила о крупном международном расширении своих услуг на еще 150 стран. Netflix способствовал тому, что с этим расширением теперь он будет работать почти во всех странах, в которых компания может работать на законных основаниях или с точки зрения логистики. Заметным исключением стал Китай, сославшись на барьеры для работы Интернета и медиа-услуг в стране из-за его нормативного климата. Рид Хастингс заявил, что компания планирует наладить отношения с местными медиа-компаниями, которые могут выступать в качестве партнеров для распространения своего контента в стране (с целью сосредоточиться в первую очередь на исходном контенте), но заявил, что они не торопятся, и таким образом, это может занять «много лет».

Также в январе 2016 года Netflix объявила о начале блокирования виртуальных частных сетей или VPN. В то же время Netflix сообщил о 74,8 млн подписчиков и прогнозировал, что к марту 2016 года их число увеличится на 6,1 млн. Рост подписки был вызван ее глобальным расширением. К концу года Netflix добавила функцию, позволяющую клиентам загружать и воспроизводить избранные фильмы и шоу в автономном режиме.

В феврале 2017 года Netflix подписала соглашение о публикации музыки с BMG Rights Management, где BMG будет контролировать права за пределами США на музыку, связанную с оригинальным контентом Netflix. Netflix продолжает решать эти задачи в Соединенных Штатах. 17 апреля 2017 года сообщалось, что Netflix приближается к 100 миллионам подписчиков. 25 апреля 2017 года Netflix объявила о заключении лицензионного соглашения в Китае с потоковым сервисом Baidu iQiyi, чтобы разрешить распространение избранного оригинального контента Netflix в Китае на Платформа. The Los Angeles Times заявила: «На ее сериалы и фильмы приходится более трети всего интернет-трафика загрузок в прайм-тайм в Северной Америке».

22 января 2018 года рыночная капитализация компании превысила 100 миллиардов долларов., став крупнейшей в мире компанией цифровых медиа и развлечений, более крупной, чем любая традиционная медиа-компания, за исключением ATT, Comcast и Disney, и 59-го по величине публично торгуемого входит в индекс SP 500 в США.

2 марта 2018 г. цена акций Netflix выросла до нового рекордного максимума в 301,05 доллара, превысив 12-месячную целевую цену в 300 долларов, и завершила сессию рыночной с капитализацией 130 миллиардов долларов, что делает его на расстоянии крика от традиционных медиа-гигантов, таких как Disney (155 миллиардов долларов) и Comcast (169 миллиардов долларов). Эта веха наступила на следующий день после того, как британская спутниковая телекомпания Sky объявила о новом соглашении с Netflix об интеграции предложения Netflix по подписке VOD в свою услугу платного телевидения. Клиенты с его высококачественной приставкой Sky Q и услугой смогут видеть названия Netflix вместе со своими обычными каналами Sky.

В июле 2018 года было объявлено, что Netflix подписал соглашение с высшими голливудскими наградами стратег Лиза Табак, чтобы приобрести ее независимую консалтинговую фирму в LT-LA и перевести ее в офис гиганта потокового вещания. Сделка дает ей звание вице-президента по связям с талантами, и она возглавит группы по работе с талантами и наградам. Это также означает, что она будет предоставлять свои услуги исключительно Netflix.

Согласно отчету о глобальных явлениях в Интернете, Netflix потребляет 15% всей полосы пропускания Интернета в мире, больше всего на одно приложение.

В октябре 2018 г., Netflix приобрела ABQ Studios, предприятие по производству фильмов и телевидения с восемью звуковыми сценами в Альбукерке, штат Нью-Мексико. Заявленная цена покупки составляет менее 30 миллионов долларов.

Netflix подала заявку и была одобрена для членства в Американской ассоциации кинематографистов (MPAA) 22 января 2019 года в качестве первого потокового сервиса для стать членом ассоциации.

В апреле 2019 года было объявлено, что Netflix стремится приобрести Египетский театр Граумана у Американской синематеке для использования в качестве специального Место проведения мероприятий. Позже, 29 мая 2020 года, было объявлено, что Netflix приобретет театр и инвестирует в его реконструкцию.

В июле 2019 года Netflix объявил, что откроет центр по адресу Shepperton Studios в рамках сделки с Pinewood Group.

Во время блокировки COVID-19 в 2020 году Netflix приобрела 16 миллионов новых подписчиков, что почти вдвое превышает результат последних месяцев 2019 года.

30 июля 2020 года стало известно, что Netflix вложил средства в создателей Black Mirror Чарли Брукера и Annab. el Jones ‘новой производственной компанией Broke And Bones в рамках первой в своем роде сделки для стримера в Великобритании, которая в конечном итоге может привести к получению полного контроля над компанией примерно за 100 миллионов долларов.

21 октября 2020 года Netflix объявила об очередном плане привлечения клиентов, согласно которому людям, живущим в Индии, был предоставлен бесплатный доступ ко всему своему контенту в течение двух дней. Об этом сообщил Грег Петерс из Netflix в интервью о финансовых результатах за 3 квартал 2020 года.

Владение

По состоянию на 2017 год акциями Netflix в основном владели институциональные инвесторы, включая компании Capital Group, The Vanguard Group, BlackRock и другие.

Корпоративная культура

Netflix предоставляет всем сотрудникам чрезвычайно широкую свободу действий в отношении бизнес-решений, расходы и отпуск — но взамен ожидает стабильно высокой производительности, что подтверждается так называемым «тестом хранителя». Ожидается, что все руководители будут постоянно спрашивать себя, будут ли они бороться за сохранение сотрудника. Если ответ отрицательный, то пора отпустить этого сотрудника. На слайде из внутренней презентации о корпоративной культуре Netflix результаты теста резюмированы следующим образом: «Адекватная производительность получает щедрое выходное пособие ». Такие пакеты, как сообщается, варьируются от четырехмесячной заработной платы в Соединенных Штатах до шести месяцев в Нидерландах.

Что касается культуры, которая возникает в результате применения такого требовательного теста, Гастингс сказал, что «вы должны заработать свой работа каждый год в Netflix «и» Нет сомнений, что это тяжелое место… Нет сомнений, что это не для всех «. Гастингс провел аналогию с легкой атлетикой : профессиональные спортсмены не имеют долгосрочной гарантированной работы, потому что травма может положить конец их карьере в какой-либо конкретной игре, но они учатся отбрасывать свой страх перед этим. постоянный риск и сосредоточенность на работе с великими коллегами в текущий момент.

Финансы

За 2018 финансовый год Netflix сообщил о доходах в размере 1,21 млрд долларов США с годовым доходом 15,8 млрд долларов США, рост примерно на 116% по сравнению с предыдущим финансовым циклом. Акции Netflix торговались по цене более 400 долларов США за акцию по самой высокой цене в 2018 году, а его рыночная капитализация достигла значения более 180 миллиардов долларов США в июне 2018 года. Netflix занял 261 место в списке крупнейших компаний США Fortune 500 2018 года. Государственные компании по выручке. Netflix был объявлен лучшей акцией в 2010-х с общей доходностью 3693%.

Год Доход. в млн. USD- Чистая прибыль. в млн. Долл. США USD- Цена за акцию. в USD- Сотрудники Платное членство. в млн. Fortune 500. рейтинг
2005 682 42 2,59 2,5
2006 997 49 3,69 4,0
2007 1,205 67 3,12 7,3
2008 1,365 83 4,09 9,4
2009 1,670 116 6,32 11,9
2010 2,163 161 16,82 2180 18,3
2011 г. 3,205 226 27,49 2348 21,6
2012 3,609 17 11,86 2,045 30,4
2013 4,375 112 35,27 2,022 41,4
2014 5,505 267 57,49 2450 54,5
2015 6,780 123 91,90 3700 70,8 # 474
2016 8,831 187 102,03 4700 89,1 # 379
2017 11,693 559 165,37 5,500 117,5 # 314
2018 15,794 1,211 7,100 139,3 # 261
2019 20,156 1867 8,600 167.1 # 197

Services

Служба потокового видео Netflix по запросу, ранее известная как Watch Now, позволяет подписчикам транслировать телесериалы и фильмы. через веб-сайт Netflix на персональных компьютерах или программное обеспечение Netflix на различных поддерживаемых платформах, включая смартфоны и планшеты, цифровые медиаплееры, видео игровые консоли и смарт-телевизоры. Согласно опросу Nielsen, проведенному в июле 2011 года, 42% пользователей Netflix использовали автономный компьютер, 25% использовали Wii, 14% подключили компьютеры к телевизору, 13% использовали PlayStation 3 и 12% и Xbox 360.

Когда потоковая служба была впервые запущена, подписчикам Netflix по аренде дисков был предоставлен доступ без дополнительной оплаты. Подписчикам разрешалось примерно один час потоковой передачи на каждый доллар, потраченный на ежемесячную подписку (например, план за 16,99 доллара давал подписчику право на 17 часов потоковой передачи мультимедиа). Однако в январе 2008 года Netflix снял это ограничение, после чего практически все подписчики арендованных дисков получили право на неограниченную потоковую передачу без каких-либо дополнительных затрат (однако, подписчики с ограниченным планом из двух DVD в месяц (4,99 доллара США) оставались ограниченными до двух часов. потоковой передачи в месяц). Это изменение произошло в ответ на введение Hulu и новых услуг по аренде видео от Apple. Позже Netflix разделила подписки на прокат DVD и подписки на потоковую передачу на отдельные автономные услуги, после чего были сняты ежемесячные ограничения на потоковую передачу в Интернете.

Планы обслуживания Netflix в настоящее время разделены на три ценовых уровня; самый низкий предлагает потоковую передачу стандартной четкости на одном устройстве, второй позволяет потоковую передачу высокой четкости на двух устройствах одновременно, а уровень «Platinum» позволяет одновременную потоковую передачу на четырех устройствах, и 4K потоковая передача на поддерживаемых устройствах и подключениях к Интернету. План подписки HD исторически стоил 7,99 долларов США; в апреле 2014 года Netflix объявил, что повысит цену этого плана до 9,99 доллара для новых подписчиков, но что существующие клиенты будут удерживаться по этой старой цене до мая 2016 года, после чего они могут перейти на уровень только SD на том же уровне. цену или заплатить более высокую плату за непрерывный доступ к высокой четкости.

В июле 2016 года подписчик Netflix подал в суд на компанию из-за повышения цен, утверждая, что в 2011 году представитель службы поддержки Netflix сказал ему, что они будут платить та же цена на неограниченный срок, пока они поддерживают свою подписку постоянно.

30 ноября 2016 года Netflix запустил функцию автономного воспроизведения, позволяющую пользователям мобильных приложений Netflix на Android или iOS кэшировать контент на своих устройствах в стандартном или высоком качестве для просмотра без подключения к Интернету. Эта функция в основном доступна в избранных сериалах и фильмах, и Netflix заявил, что со временем функция будет поддерживать больше контента. Netflix будет сотрудничать с авиакомпаниями, чтобы предоставить им свою технологию мобильной потоковой передачи. Это начнется в начале 2018 года в рамках усилий, направленных на то, чтобы авиакомпании предлагали лучший Wi-Fi во время полета.

В 2018 году Netflix представила функцию «Пропустить вступление», которая позволяет клиентам пропускать вступительные ролики к шоу. на своей платформе. Они делают это с помощью различных методов, включая ручное рецензирование, аудиометки и машинное обучение.

История

Марк Рэндольф, соучредитель Netflix и первый генеральный директор компании Рид Гастингс, соучредитель, нынешний председатель и главный исполнительный директор

1 октября 2008 года Netflix объявила о партнерстве с Starz, чтобы представить более 2500 новых фильмов и шоу для «Мгновенно смотреть» под Starz Play.

В августе 2010 года Netflix заключила пятилетнюю сделку на сумму почти 1 миллиард долларов на потоковую передачу фильмов от Paramount, Lionsgate и Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Сделка увеличила ежегодные расходы Netflix, добавив примерно 200 миллионов долларов в год. За первые шесть месяцев 2010 года компания потратила 117 миллионов долларов на стриминг по сравнению с 31 миллионами долларов в 2009 году.

12 июля 2011 года Netflix объявила, что разделит существующие планы подписки на два отдельных плана: один покрывает потоковое видео и другие услуги проката DVD. Стоимость потоковой передачи будет составлять 7,99 доллара в месяц, а аренда DVD будет начинаться по той же цене. Объявление вызвало бурную реакцию среди подписчиков Netflix в Facebook, которые разместили на его стене негативные комментарии. Комментарии в Twitter вызвали негативную тенденцию «Уважаемый Netflix». Компания отстаивала свое решение во время первоначального объявления об изменении:

«Учитывая долгую жизнь, которую, как мы думаем, будут иметь DVD, отправленные по почте, рассмотрение DVD как надстройки на 2 доллара к нашему безлимитному тарифному плану не имеет большого финансового смысла и не удовлетворяет людей. тем, кто просто хочет DVD. Создание тарифного плана с неограниченным количеством DVD-дисков по почте (без потоковой передачи) по самой низкой цене, 7,99 доллара США, действительно имеет смысл и обеспечит долгую жизнь нашим предложениям по отправке DVD-дисков по почте ».

В В противоположность этому Netflix объявила в октябре, что ее планы на потоковое вещание и аренду DVD останутся единым брендом.

В январе 2018 года Netflix назначил Спенсера Ноймана новым финансовым директором.

В январе 2020 года Netflix открыла новый офис в Париже с 40 сотрудниками.

В июле 2020 года Netflix назначила Теда Сарандоса со-генеральным директором.

Прокат дисков

В США компания предоставляет ежемесячную фиксированную плату за аренду DVD и Blu-ray. Подписчик создает очередь проката, список фильмов для проката. Пленки доставляются индивидуально через Почтовая служба США с региональных складов. По состоянию на 28 марта 2011 года у Netflix было 58 пунктов доставки по всей территории США. Подписчик может хранить взятый напрокат диск сколь угодно долго, но существует ограничение на количество дисков, которые каждый подписчик может иметь одновременно на разных уровнях. Чтобы арендовать новый диск, подписчик должен вернуть предыдущий диск в дозированном ответе. y mail конверт. После получения Netflix отправляет следующий доступный диск в очереди на прокат подписчика.

Netflix предлагает уровни цен на аренду DVD. 21 ноября 2008 года Netflix начал предлагать подписчикам прокат дисков Blu-ray за дополнительную плату. Кроме того, Netflix продавал бывшие в употреблении диски, доставлял их и выставлял счета так же, как за прокат. Эта услуга была прекращена в конце ноября.

6 января 2010 года Netflix договорился с Warner Bros. о задержке проката новых релизов за 28 дней до розничной продажи в попытке помочь студии продают физические копии, и 9 апреля были заключены аналогичные сделки с Universal и 20th Century Fox. В 2011 году Netflix разделила цены на свои услуги. В настоящее время стоимость аренды дисков Netflix составляет от 7,99 до 19,99 долларов за метр, включая бесплатную пробную версию на один месяц и неограниченный обмен DVD.

18 сентября 2011 года Netflix объявила о выделении и ребрендинге своей службы рассылки DVD по почте на Qwikster. Генеральный директор Рид Хастингс оправдал это решение, заявив, что «мы поняли, что потоковая передача и передача DVD по почте становятся двумя совершенно разными видами деятельности с очень разными структурами затрат, разными преимуществами, которые необходимо продавать по-разному, и мы должны позволить каждому расти и работать независимо.. » Также было объявлено, что ребрендированный сервис добавит аренду видеоигр. Решение о разделении служб подверглось широкой критике; Было отмечено, что эти два веб-сайта были бы автономными друг от друга (с рейтингами, отзывами и очередями, не переносящимися между ними), и для них потребовались бы отдельные учетные записи пользователей. Кроме того, для этих двух веб-сайтов потребуется отдельная подписка.

10 октября 2011 года Netflix объявил, что отложил запланированный ребрендинг в ответ на отзывы клиентов и после того, как цена акций упала почти на 30%, и что службы рассылки DVD по почте и потоковой передачи будут продолжать работать через единый веб-сайт под брендом Netflix. Netflix заявила, что потеряла 800 000 подписчиков в четвертом квартале 2011 года — убыток, частично связанный с плохим восприятием прерванного ребрендинга.

В марте 2012 года Netflix подтвердил TechCrunch что он приобрел доменное имя DVD.com. К 2016 году Netflix незаметно переименовал свою службу рассылки DVD по почте под названием DVD.com, A Netflix Company.

По состоянию на 2017 год у службы все еще было 3,3 миллиона клиентов, и Гастингс заявил о планах сохранить ее. еще как минимум пять лет. В первом квартале 2018 года аренда DVD принесла прибыль в размере 60,2 миллиона долларов при выручке в размере 120,4 миллиона долларов.

Профили

В июне 2008 года Netflix объявила о планах отказаться от функции профиля онлайн-подписчика. Профили позволяют одной учетной записи подписчика содержать нескольких пользователей (например, пару, двух соседей по комнате или родителя и ребенка) с отдельными очередями DVD, рейтингами, рекомендациями, списками друзей, отзывами и внутрисайтовыми коммуникациями для каждого. Netflix утверждает, что устранение профилей улучшит качество обслуживания клиентов. Однако, вероятно, в результате негативных отзывов и реакции пользователей Netflix, Netflix отменил свое решение об удалении профилей через 11 дней после объявления. Объявив о восстановлении профилей, Netflix отстаивал свое первоначальное решение, заявив: «Из-за постоянного желания сделать наш веб-сайт более простым в использовании, мы полагали, что удаление функции, которая используется только очень небольшим меньшинством, поможет нам улучшить сайт. для всех », — затем объяснил свой поворот:« Слушая наших участников, мы поняли, что пользователи этой функции часто описывают ее как неотъемлемую часть своего опыта работы с Netflix. Простота — это только одно достоинство, и полезность, безусловно, может перевесить ее ».

Повторное введение

1 августа 2013 года Netflix обновил функцию «Профили», которая позволяет учетным записям включать до пяти профилей пользователей, связанных либо с отдельными лицами, либо с тематическими мероприятиями. «Профили» эффективно разделяют интересы каждого пользователя, так что каждый будет получать индивидуальные предложения и добавлять в избранное индивидуально. «Это важно», — сказал Тодд Йеллин, вице-президент Netflix по инновациям в продуктах, потому что «от 75 до 80 процентов того, что люди смотрят на Netflix, приходится на то, что Netflix рекомендует, а не на то, что люди ищут». Более того, Майк МакГуайр, вице-президент в Gartner, сказал: «профили предоставят Netflix еще более подробную информацию о его подписчиках и их предпочтениях просмотра, что позволит компании принимать более обоснованные решения о том, какие фильмы и телешоу предлагать. «. Кроме того, профили позволяют пользователям связывать свои индивидуальные учетные записи Facebook и, таким образом, обмениваться индивидуальными очередями просмотра и рекомендациями с момента их добавления в марте после лоббирования Конгресса с целью изменения устаревшего закона. Нил Хант, бывший директор по продуктам Netflix, сказал CNNMoney : «профили — это еще один способ выделиться в переполненном пространстве потокового видео», и «компания заявила фокус-группе тестирование показало, что профили увеличивают количество просмотров и вовлеченность «.

Хант говорит, что Netflix может со временем связывать профили с определенными устройствами, поэтому подписчик может пропустить этап запуска определенного профиля каждый раз, когда он входит в систему. Netflix на данном устройстве.

Критики этой функции отметили:

  • Новые профили создаются как «чистые листы», но просмотр истории до создания профиля остается для всего профиля.
  • Люди не всегда смотрят Netflix в одиночку, а средства массовой информации, просматриваемые с партнером (-ами), чьи вкусы могут не отражать вкусы владельца (-ей), влияют на рекомендации, сделанные для этого профиля.

Однако в ответ на обе проблемы пользователи могут уточнять будущие рекомендации для данного профиля, оценивая просмотренные шоу и их текущие привычки просмотра.

Дочерние компании

  • DVD.com — Прокат DVD-дисков по почте
  • Millarworld — Компания по производству комиксов, основанная в 2004 году шотландцем писателем комиксов Марком Милларом как линия , принадлежащая создателю.
  • Netflix Pte. Ltd. — студия Netflix в Сингапуре.
  • Netflix Services UK Limited — британское подразделение, владеющее Private Limited с акционерным капиталом.
  • Netflix Streaming Services International BV — дочерняя компания Netflix в Нидерландах.
  • Netflix Streaming Services, Inc. — дочерняя компания, которая лицензирует и транслирует все фильмы и шоу Netflix.
  • Netflix Global, LLC — иностранная компания с ограниченной ответственностью, поданная 3 августа 2016 года, что со-продюсирует все иностранные программы и фильмы
  • Netflix Studios — киностудия и телестудия, которая совместно производит любой оригинальный или иностранный контент.
  • Netflix Services Germany GmbH — студия, которая вносит свой вклад в немецкий фильм субсидии, поддерживающие производство фильмов и телепрограмм в стране.
  • NetflixCS, Inc. — Другой находится в 1108 E SOUTH UNION AVE Midvale, UT 84047.
  • Netflix Luxembourg Sa rl — Дочерняя компания, расположенная в Люксембурге, Европа.

Продукты

Пульт дистанционного управления Aquos с кнопкой Netflix

В 2007 году Netflix наняла одного из первых DVR пионеры бизнеса Энтони Вуд создали «Netflix Player», который позволит воспроизводить потоковое содержимое непосредственно на телевизоре, а не на ПК или ноутбуке. Хотя изначально проигрыватель был разработан в Netflix, Рид Хастингс в конечном итоге закрыл проект, чтобы побудить других производителей оборудования включить встроенную поддержку Netflix. В конце концов Вуд выпустил плеер как первое устройство от Roku Inc., которая сейчас известна прежде всего своими проигрывателями потокового видео, а Netflix выступает в качестве основного инвестора в новой компании.

В 2011 году., Netflix представила кнопку Netflix для некоторых пультов дистанционного управления , позволяющую пользователям мгновенно получать доступ к Netflix на совместимых устройствах.

Netflix представил прототип нового устройства под названием «The Switch» на Всемирной выставке 2015 года. Maker Faire Нью-Йорк. «Выключатель» позволяет пользователям Netflix выключать свет при подключении к системе освещения умного дома. Он также подключается к локальным сетям пользователей, чтобы их серверы могли заказывать еду на вынос и отключать звук телефона одним нажатием кнопки. Хотя устройство не было запатентовано, Netflix опубликовал на своем веб-сайте инструкции о том, как собрать его дома (DIY). Инструкции охватывают как электрическую структуру, так и процессы программирования.

С 2015 года компания получила значительную техническую поддержку от французской CNRS в отношении сжатия и форматирования видео через Лабораторию научных исследований CNRS. де Нант (LS2N). В марте 2017 года на Всемирном конгрессе мобильных технологий в Барселоне американская компания представила французскую лабораторию с открытым исходным кодом : инструмент сжатия, обеспечивающий качество видео HD + с полосой пропускания менее 100 килобайт в секунду, что в 40 раз меньше, чем требуется для HDTV, и совместимо с мобильными услугами во всем мире.

В мае 2016 года Netflix создала новый инструмент под названием FAST для определения скорости интернет-соединения.

Контент

Оригинальное программирование

«Netflix Original » — это контент, который создается, совместно производится или распространяется Netflix исключительно на своих сервисах. Netflix финансирует свои оригинальные шоу иначе, чем другие телесети, когда они подписывают проект, предоставляя деньги авансом и сразу же заказывая два сезона большинства сериалов.

В марте 2011 года Netflix начал приобретать оригинальный контент для своей библиотеки, начиная с часовая политическая драма Карточный домик, которая дебютировала в феврале 2013 года. Продюсером сериала был Дэвид Финчер, а в главной роли Кевин Спейси. В конце 2011 года Netflix снял два восьмисерийных сезона Лилихаммера и четвертый сезон экс-Fox ситкома Arhibited Development. Netflix выпустил сверхъестественный драматический сериал Хэмлок Гроув в начале 2013 года.

В феврале 2013 года DreamWorks Animation и Netflix совместно создали Turbo Fast, основанный на фильме Турбо, премьера которого состоялась в июле. Netflix с тех пор стал крупным дистрибьютором анимационных семейных и детских шоу.

Orange Is the New Black, дебютировавших на потоковом сервисе в июле 2013 года. В редком обсуждении рейтингов Netflix руководители комментировали что сериал является самым популярным из оригинальных сериалов Netflix. В феврале 2016 года Orange Is the New Black был продлен на пятый, шестой и седьмой сезон. 9 июня 2017 года состоялась премьера 5 сезона, а 27 июля 2018 года — шестого сезона.

В ноябре 2013 года Netflix и Marvel Television объявили о пятисезонном соглашении по производству прямых трансляций. -действие Marvel, сериалы, посвященные супергероям: Сорвиголова, Джессика Джонс, Железный кулак и Люк Кейдж. Сделка предполагает выпуск четырех сезонов из 13 серий, которые завершатся мини-сериалом Защитники. Премьера сериала Сорвиголова и Джессика Джонс состоялась в 2015 году. Премьера сериала Люк Кейдж состоялась 30 сентября 2016 года, а 17 марта — Железный кулак., 2017, и Защитники 18 августа 2017 года. В апреле 2016 года сериал Netflix в кинематографической вселенной Marvel был расширен и теперь включает 13-серийный сериал Каратель. В дополнение к сделке с Marvel, Disney объявила, что телесериал Звездные войны: Войны клонов выпустит свой шестой и последний сезон на Netflix, а также все пять предыдущих сезонов и художественный фильм . Новый контент по «Звездным войнам» был выпущен на стриминговом сервисе Netflix 7 марта 2014 года.

В 2014 году Netflix объявила о контракте на четыре фильма с Адамом Сэндлером и его Happy Madison Productions. В январе 2020 года Netflix объявил о новой сделке по выпуску четырех фильмов на сумму до 275 миллионов долларов.

В апреле 2014 года Netflix подписал с создателем арестованной разработки Митчем Гурвицем и его продюсерской фирмой The Hurwitz Company многолетняя сделка по созданию оригинальных проектов для сервиса. Премьера исторической драмы Марко Поло состоялась 12 декабря 2014 года. Премьера анимационного ситкома BoJack Horseman состоялась в августе 2014 года, что вызвало неоднозначные отзывы о выпуске, но завоевало признание критиков. в течение следующих сезонов.

Научно-фантастическая драма Sense8, дебютировавшая в июне 2015 года, была написана и произведена Вачовски и Дж. Майкл Стражински. Родословная и Нарко — два других драматических сериала, выпущенных Netflix в 2015 году. 6 ноября 2015 года состоялась премьера сериала Мастер Ни одного с участием Азиз Ансари. Другие комедийные шоу, премьера которых состоялась в 2015 году, включали Несгибаемая Кимми Шмидт, Грейс и Фрэнки, Жаркое американское лето: первый день лагеря и С Бобом. Дэвид.

Netflix продолжил кардинально расширять свой оригинальный контент в 2016 году. В июле 2016 года состоялась премьера научной фантастики ужас Stranger Things, музыкальной драмы The Get Down в августе, историческая драма Корона в ноябре, а премьеры года включали такие комедийные шоу, как Любовь, Flaked, Netflix представляет: Персонажи, Ранчо и Леди Динамит. Netflix выпустил около 126 оригинальных сериалов или фильмов в 2016 году, больше, чем любой другой сетевой или кабельный канал.

14 сентября 2016 года Netflix и 20th Century Fox совместно приобрели права на распространение в США. на канадский независимый драматический фильм Два влюбленных и медведь после его показа на Международном кинофестивале в Торонто 9 сентября 2016 года.

Netflix также инвестировал средства в распространение эксклюзивных специальных комедийных шоу от таких известных комиков, как Дэйв Чаппель, Луи СК, Крис Рок, Джим Гаффиган, Билл Берр и Джерри Сайнфелд. В январе 2017 года Netflix объявил, что все эпизоды сериала Комедианты в сериале «Автомобили получают кофе» и 10 сезон будут в их распоряжении.

Компания начала самостоятельно производить свой оригинальный контент, например The Ranch и Chelsea через продюсерский центр Netflix Studios. Netflix рассчитывал выпустить 1000 часов оригинального контента в 2017 году.

7 августа 2017 года Netflix приобрела Millarworld, издательскую компанию автора комиксов Марка Миллара. Это первое приобретение компании в истории Netflix. Netflix планирует использовать Миллара и его текущую и будущую работу для будущего оригинального контента. Главный контент-директор Тед Сарандос описал Миллара как «современного Стэна Ли ». На следующей неделе Netflix объявил о заключении эксклюзивного соглашения о разработке с Шондой Раймс и ее продюсерской компанией Shondaland.

. В октябре 2017 года Netflix поставил себе цель, чтобы половина своей библиотеки состояла из оригинального контента к 2019 году, объявляя о плане инвестировать 8 миллиардов долларов в оригинальный контент в 2018 году. Особое внимание будет уделяться фильмам и аниме через эти инвестиции, с планом производства 80 оригинальных фильмов и 30 аниме. серии. В сентябре 2017 года министр наследия Мелани Жоли также объявила, что Netflix согласился инвестировать канадских долларов 500 миллионов долларов (400 миллионов долларов США) в течение следующих пяти лет. лет в производстве контента в Канаде. Компания отрицала, что сделка должна была привести к налоговой льготе . Исследование показало, что Netflix реализовал эту цель к декабрю 2018 года.

В ноябре 2017 года Netflix объявил, что будет делать свой первый оригинальный колумбийский сериал, исполнительным продюсером которого будет Сиро Герра. В том же месяце Netflix объявила о подписании эксклюзивного многолетнего соглашения с создателем Orange Is the New Black Дженджи Коханом. В следующем месяце они подписали контракт с продюсером и режиссером Stranger Things Шоном Леви и его продюсерской компанией 21 Laps Entertainment на четырехлетний семизначный контракт

.

В мае 2018 года директор по контенту Тед Сарандос заявил, что Netflix увеличила свои расходы на оригинальный контент, при этом 85% расходов на новый контент в этом году было направлено на него.

22 мая 2018 года, бывший президент Барак Обама и его жена Мишель Обама подписали сделку на производство документальных сериалов, документальных фильмов и художественных фильмов для Netflix в рамках недавно созданной продюсерской компании Обамы, Высшее земледелие. По поводу сделки Мишель сказала: «Я всегда верила, что рассказывание историй может вдохновлять нас, заставлять по-другому думать об окружающем мире и помогать нам открывать свои умы и сердца для других». Первый фильм Higher Ground, American Factory, выиграл премию Оскар за лучший документальный фильм в 2020 году.

16 августа 2018 года Netflix объявил о трехлетнем общем иметь дело с чернокожим создателем Кенией Баррисом. Согласно условиям сделки, Баррис будет производить новые сериалы исключительно на Netflix, писать сценарии и руководить продюсированием всех проектов через свою продюсерскую компанию Khalabo Ink Society.

27 августа 2018 года Netflix подписал пятилетний эксклюзивный общий договор с Автор международных бестселлеров Харлан Кобен. В рамках многомиллионного пакта Netflix будет работать с Coben над созданием 14 существующих игр и будущих проектов. В тот же день компания подписала общий контракт с Gravity Falls создателем Алексом Хиршем.

. В ноябре 2018 года Paramount Pictures подписала контракт с Netflix на создание нескольких фильмов. в рамках стратегии роста Viacom, благодаря которой Paramount стала первой крупной киностудией, подписавшей соглашение с Netflix. Продолжение фильма Awesomeness Films ‘Всем мальчикам, которых я любил раньше был выпущен на Netflix под названием Всем мальчикам: P.S. Я все еще люблю тебя в рамках соглашения.

31 декабря 2018 года на Netflix был выпущен концертный фильм Тейлор Свифт Reputation Stadium Tour.

В январе 2019 года Половое воспитание дебютировал как оригинальный сериал Netflix, получивший признание критиков. Его хвалили за освежающий взгляд на жанр подростковой драмы с честностью, уязвимостью и грубостью.

В феврале 2019 было объявлено, что The Haunting создатель Майк Фланаган присоединился к частому сотруднику Тревору Мэйси в качестве партнера в Intrepid Pictures, и что дуэт подписал эксклюзивный общий контракт с Netflix на производство телевизионного контента.

9 мая 2019 года Netflix заключила сделку с Dark Horse Entertainment на создание телесериалов и фильмов, основанных на комиксах из Dark Horse Comics. В тот же день Netflix приобрел детскую медиа-франшизу StoryBots в рамках обязательства по расширению образовательного контента.

В начале августа 2019 года Netflix заключила эксклюзивное многолетнее соглашение о кино и телевидении. с Game of Thrones создателями / шоураннерами Дэвидом Бениоффом и DB Вайс, как сообщается, стоит 200 миллионов долларов США. В результате своих обязательств перед Netflix, Бениофф и Вайс отказались от ранее заключенного с Disney соглашения о написании и производстве серии фильмов Звездные войны.

30 сентября 2019 г. продлевая «Очень странные дела» на четвертый сезон, Netflix объявил, что подписали с создателями сериала братья Даффер девятизначный контракт на дополнительные фильмы и телешоу в течение нескольких лет.

13 ноября 2019 года Netflix и Nickelodeon заключили многолетнее соглашение о производстве контента для производства нескольких оригинальных анимационных художественных фильмов и телесериалов на основе библиотеки персонажей Nickelodeon, чтобы конкурировать с Новый потоковый сервис Disney Disney +, который был запущен накануне. Это соглашение расширило их существующие отношения, в которых появились новые специальные предложения, основанные на прошлых сериях Nickelodeon Invader Zim и Rocko’s Modern Life (Invader Zim: Enter the Florpus и Rocko’s Modern Life: Static Cling соответственно) были выпущены Netflix. Glitch Techs была первой серией, выпущенной в рамках нового соглашения. Другие новые проекты, запланированные в рамках команды, включают музыкальный проект с участием Щупальца Сквидварда из мультсериала Квадратные Штаны Губки Боба и фильмы по мотивам The Loud House и Восстание черепашек-ниндзя-подростков. В начале марта 2020 года ViacomCBS объявила, что будет производить два дополнительных фильма по мотивам Губки Боба Квадратные Штаны для Netflix.

В январе 2020 года Гвинет Пэлтроу серия The Goop Lab была добавлена ​​в качестве оригинала Netflix. Это привело к широкой критике потоковой компании за то, что она предоставила Пэлтроу платформу для продвижения своей компании Goop, которую критиковали за необоснованные заявления об эффективности продвигаемых ею лечебных средств и продуктов. В том же месяце Gloria Sanchez Productions заключила многолетний неэксклюзивный первый просмотр телевизионный контракт с Netflix, а также заключила многолетний контракт с Paramount Pictures.

25 февраля 2020 года Netflix заключил партнерские отношения с шестью японскими создателями для создания оригинального японского аниме-проекта. В этом партнерстве участвуют создатель манги CLAMP, мангака Шин Кибаяси, мангака Ясуо Охтагаки, писатель и кинорежиссер Оцуичи, писатель То Убутака и создатель манги Мари Ямадзаки.

7 апреля 2020 года Питер Чернин и его компания Chernin Entertainment заключили многолетнюю предварительную сделку с Netflix на создание фильмов.

В сентябре 2020 года было объявлено о подписании контракта с Netflix. многомиллионная сделка с герцогом и герцогиней Сассекской. Гарри и Меган заключили многолетний контракт, пообещавший создавать телешоу, фильмы и детский контент в рамках своего обязательства отказаться от обязанностей королевской семьи.

Сделки в кино и телевидении

Netflix в настоящее время имеет эксклюзивные контракты на платное телевидение с несколькими студиями. Сделки по платному телевидению предоставляют Netflix эксклюзивные права на потоковую передачу при соблюдении структур традиционных условий платного телевидения. Библиотека Netflix в США включает более новые выпуски от Relativity Media и его дочерней компании Rogue Pictures, а также DreamWorks Animation (до мая 2018 года, когда студия подписала новый контракт с Hulu ), Open Road Films (хотя срок действия этого договора истек в 2017 году; Showtime приобрело права на платное телевидение), Universal Animation (для анимационных фильмов, отклоненных HBO ), FilmDistrict, The Weinstein Company (соучредитель которой, Харви Вайнштейн, был обвинен сексуальных домогательств по состоянию на 2017 год (см. обвинения в сексуальном насилии Харви Вайнштейна ), в результате чего Netflix отказался от проведения 75-й церемонии вручения награды «Золотой глобус» с TWC и прекратил партнерство «Золотой глобус» с мини — основная киностудия), Sony Pictures Animation и каталог Walt Disney Studios (до 2019 г.).

Другие дистрибьюторы, которые предоставили Netflix лицензию на контент, включают Warner Bros., Universal Pictures, Sony Pictures Entertainment и The Walt Disney Studios (включая 20th Century Fox). Netflix также имеет текущие права и права на каталоги телепрограмм, распространяемых Walt Disney Television, DreamWorks Classics, Kino International, Warner Bros. Television и CBS Television Distribution, а также названия от других компаний, таких как Allspark (ранее Hasbro Studios), Saban Brands, Funimation и Viz Media. Раньше потоковая служба также владела правами на выбор телевизионных программ, распространяемых NBCUniversal Television Distribution, Sony Pictures Television и 20th Century Fox Television. Netflix также ранее владел правами на выбор названий из старинного ретранслятора The Criterion Collection, но эти названия были взяты из Netflix и добавлены в библиотеку Hulu. Одним из наиболее значительных приобретений стал сериал Во все тяжкие, созданный Sony Pictures Television. Netflix приобрел права после третьего сезона шоу в 2010 году, когда первоначальный вещатель AMC заявил о возможности отмены шоу. Sony подтолкнула Netflix к выпуску «Во все тяжкие» как раз к четвертому сезону, что в результате значительно расширило аудиторию шоу на AMC из-за того, что новые зрители смотрели прошлые эпизоды Netflix, и удвоило количество зрителей к пятому сезону. «Во все тяжкие» считается первым подобным шоу с таким «эффектом Netflix».

Epix подписал пятилетний контракт на стриминг с Netflix. В течение первых двух лет действия этого соглашения контент Epix с первым запуском и бэк-каталогом был эксклюзивным для Netflix. Фильмы Epix будут появляться на Netflix через 90 дней после их премьеры на Epix. Однако положение об исключительности закончилось 4 сентября 2012 года, когда Amazon подписал соглашение с Epix о распространении своих названий через потоковую службу Amazon Video. К ним относятся фильмы от Paramount, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer и Lionsgate.

1 сентября 2011 года Starz прекратили переговоры с Netflix, чтобы возобновить договоренность о потоковой передаче. В результате 28 февраля 2012 года библиотека фильмов и сериалов Starz была удалена из Netflix. Заголовки, доступные на DVD, не пострадали, и их все еще можно получить у Netflix через их службу DVD по почте. Однако некоторые фильмы, транслируемые на Starz, по-прежнему доступны на Netflix по лицензии соответствующих телевизионных дистрибьюторов.

Netflix также договорился о распространении анимационных фильмов от Universal, которые HBO отказалось приобретать, таких как The Lorax, ParaNorman и Minions.

в августе. 23 ноября 2012 года Netflix и The Weinstein Company подписали многолетнее соглашение о выпуске фильмов RADiUS-TWC. Позднее в том же году, 4 декабря, Netflix и Disney объявили о заключении эксклюзивного многолетнего соглашения о приобретении в Соединенных Штатах прав первого выпуска на телевидении по подписке на анимационные и игровые фильмы Walt Disney Studios, которые были доступны на Netflix с 2016 года. такие классические произведения, как Дамбо, Алиса в Стране чудес и Покахонтас, были немедленно доступны после завершения сделки. Релизы Direct-to-video были стало доступно в 2013 году. Соглашение с Disney закончилось в 2019 году, когда компания готовилась запустить новый потоковый сервис, который будет включать все Walt Disney Pictures, Marvel Studios и Lucasfilm. Netflix оставляет за собой право продолжать трансляцию сериалов Marvel, созданных для сервиса. После слияния Disney и Fox фильмы и сериалы от 20th Century Fox, вероятно, последуют их примеру после истечения срока их сделки с Netflix, за исключением Two Lovers and a Bear и The Woman in the Window, на которые Netflix, вероятно, сохранит права на потоковую передачу в США, поскольку Fox и Netflix совместно приобрели права на распространение в США компании Two Lovers and a Bear, а Netflix приобрела права на распространение The Woman in the Window у 20th Century Studios.

Генеральный директор Time Warner Джефф Бьюкс в 2011 году приветствовал способность Netflix монетизировать старый контент, который ранее не приносил доход медиа-компаниям. 14 января 2013 года Netflix подписал соглашение с Time Warner Turner Broadcasting System и Warner Bros. Television о распространении Cartoon Network, Warner Контент Bros. Animation и Adult Swim, а также контент Dallas от TNT, начиная с марта 2013 г. Права на эти программы, ранее принадлежащие Amazon Video, были переданы Netflix вскоре после истечения срока их сделки с Viacom для потоковой передачи программ Nickelodeon и Ника-младшего. Однако рейтинги Cartoon Network упали на 10% в домохозяйствах, у которых был Netflix, и поэтому многие шоу с этого канала и Adult Swim были удалены в марте 2015 года. Однако большинство этих шоу были добавлены на Hulu в мае того же года.

В Канаде Netflix владеет правами платного телевидения на фильмы Paramount, DreamWorks Animation и 20th Century Fox (совместно с The Movie Network ), распространяя весь новый контент из этих студий через восемь месяцев после первоначального релиз. В 2015 году компания также купила канадские права на платное телевидение на фильмы Диснея.

В 2014 году блоггер Феликс Сэлмон написал, что Netflix не может «позволить себе контент, который больше всего хотят смотреть его подписчики». В качестве доказательства он привел потерю компанией прав на трансляцию нескольких крупных фильмов. По словам журналиста Меган МакАрдл, потеря этих фильмов была для компании крайне проблематичной; в частности, она сказала, что «библиотека фильмов [Netflix] больше не является хорошей заменой хорошему месту проката фильмов».

Netflix также начал приобретать права на распространение сторонних фильмов в 2017–2018 годах. из его первых приобретений был фильм Парадокс Кловерфилда, который Netflix приобрел у Paramount Pictures в начале 2018 года и запустил в прокат 4 февраля 2018 года, вскоре после выхода в эфир своего первого трейлер во время Super Bowl LII. Хотя фильм был подвергнут критике, аналитики полагали, что покупка Netflix фильма помогла Paramount мгновенно сделать фильм прибыльным по сравнению с более традиционным театральным выпуском, в то время как Netflix извлек выгоду из неожиданного раскрытия. Другие фильмы, приобретенные Netflix, включают международное распространение фильма Paramount Annihilation и всемирное распространение фильма Universal Extinction, Warner Bros. ‘ Маугли: Легенда джунглей и Paramount Влюбленные. В феврале 2020 года, после того как Mattel Television завершили сделку по трансляции британского телесериала Thomas Friends на Nickelodeon в США, они заключили сделку о трансляции шоу в марте 2020 года, в результате чего Впервые за много лет контент Томаса был доступен на Netflix. По состоянию на март 2020 года Netflix предлагал чуть менее 3000 наименований фильмов для потоковой передачи на своем американском сервисе. Сюда не входят названия (сериалы), состоящие из нескольких эпизодов. 3 августа 2020 года было объявлено, что Netflix ведет заключительные переговоры о приобретении прав на распространение фильма Женщина в окне у 20th Century Studios.

Продюсеры и дистрибьюторы

Следующее применимо только к США. Перечисленные компании могут по-прежнему иметь или не иметь лицензионных соглашений с Netflix на других территориях.

Current

  • Aniplex of America
  • Chernin Entertainment
  • DreamWorks Animation
  • Funimation
  • Hasbro Studios
  • Kino International
  • Lionsgate
  • Mattel
  • Metro- Голдвин-Майер
  • NBCUniversal
  • Nickelodeon
  • Open Road Films
  • Paramount Television Studios
  • Paramount Pictures
  • Red Chillies Entertainment
  • Relativity Media
  • Saban Brands
  • Scholastic
  • Sony Pictures
  • TBS
  • The Pokémon Company
  • ViacomCBS
  • Viz Media
  • Warner Bros.
  • WildBrain

Бывший

  • BBC Earth
  • Disney
  • Turner Broadcasting Система : Adult Swim и TNT

Интерактивный контент

Netflix выпустил некоторый интерактивный контент на определенных устройствах, позволяющий пользователю делать выбор, изменяющий сюжет и сопровождающая видеодорожка:

Название Тип Выпущено
Black Mirror: Bandersnatch Film 28 декабря 2018 г.
The Boss Baby: Get That Baby! Анимация 1 сентября 2020 г.
Buddy Thunderstruck: The Maybe Pile Анимация 14 июля 2017 г.
Captain Underpants Epic Choice-o-Rama Анимация 11 февраля 2020 г.
Кармен Сандиего: Украсть или не украсть Анимация 10 марта 2020 г.
Minecraft: Story Mode Анимация 27 ноября 2018 г.
Кот в Сапоги: в ловушке эпической сказки Анимация 20 июня 2017 г.
Стретч Армстронг: прорыв Анимация 13 марта 2018 г.
Несокрушимая Кимми Шмидт: Кимми против преподобного Sitcom 12 мая 2020 г.
You vs. Wild Series 10 апреля 2019 г.

В июне 2018 года Netflix объявила партнерство с Telltale Games для переноса своих приключенческих игр на сервис в формате потокового видео. Игры будут адаптированы так, чтобы они были похожи на существующие интерактивные повествовательные истории, которые уже предлагает Netflix, с возможностью простого управления через пульт от телевизора. Первая такая игра, Minecraft: Story Mode, должна была быть выпущена позже в этом году, и Telltale также получила права на создание адаптации видеоигры Stranger Things для обычных игровых платформ.. В сентябре 2018 года Telltale подверглась «закрытию большинства студий» и уволила почти весь свой персонал, помимо скелетной команды из 25 человек, сославшись на потерю финансирования. Netflix заявил, что пока порт Minecraft: Story Mode будет продолжен, компания искала альтернативные варианты для проекта Stranger Things.

Поддержка устройства и технические детали

Доступ к Netflix можно получить через интернет-браузер на ПК, в то время как приложения Netflix доступны на различных платформах, включая проигрыватели дисков Blu-ray, планшетные компьютеры, мобильные телефоны, смарт-телевизоры, цифровые медиаплееры и игровые консоли (включая Xbox One, PlayStation 4, Wii U, Xbox 360 и PlayStation 3 ). Wii и PlayStation 2 ранее также были совместимы с Netflix.

Кроме того, все большее число поставщиков многоканального телевидения, включая услуги кабельного телевидения и IPTV, также добавили приложения Netflix, доступные в их собственном наборе. верхние боксы, иногда с возможностью представления своего контента (наряду с контентом других онлайн-видеосервисов) в едином поисковом интерфейсе наряду с линейными телевизионными программами в качестве решения «все в одном».

Для потоковой передачи 4K требуется 4K-совместимое устройство и дисплей, поддерживающие HDCP 2.2. Для потоковой передачи 4K-видео на персональных компьютерах требуется аппаратная и программная поддержка решения Microsoft PlayReady 3.0 управления цифровыми правами, для которого требуются совместимый ЦП, графическая карта и программная среда. В настоящее время эта функция ограничена процессорами 7-го поколения Intel Core или более поздних версий, Windows 10, Nvidia GeForce 10 series и AMD Radeon 400 серии или более поздней версии и работающие через веб-браузер Microsoft Edge или Netflix универсальное приложение доступно в Microsoft Store.

Продажи и маркетинг

Стенд Netflix на 2017 San Diego Comic-Con

В течение первого квартала 2011 года продажи и аренда DVD-дисков и Blu-ray упали примерно на 35%, а сквозные продажи упакованных дисков упали на 19,99% до 2,07 млрд долларов, причем на подписку было потрачено больше денег, чем на аренду в магазине. Это снижение было связано с ростом популярности Netflix и других потоковых сервисов.

В июле 2012 года Netflix наняла Келли Беннетт, бывшего вице-президента Warner Bros. по интерактивному маркетингу во всем мире, на должность директора по маркетингу. Это также заполнило вакансию в Netflix, которая пустовала более шести месяцев, когда их предыдущий директор по маркетингу Лесли Килгор ушел в январе 2012 года.

Веб-сайт Netflix имеет 117,6 миллиона подписчиков по состоянию на 2018 год, из которых 8,3 миллиона добавились в четвертый период. квартал 2017 года. По состоянию на 28 января 2018 года веб-сайт Netflix занимал 30-е место по посещаемости в мире и 9-е место по посещаемости в США.

Netflix имеет канал Twitter, который используется для размещения твитов о новые и предстоящие шоу, которые включают хэштеги, чтобы побудить их аудиторию не только посмотреть шоу, но и внести свой вклад в хэштеги.

Международное расширение

Доступность Netflix, начиная с Январь 2016 г.: Доступно Недоступно Реклама Netflix на станции Thong Lo BTS, Бангкок

2007 Netflix начал транслировать в США.
2010 Компания впервые начала предлагать потоковые услуги на международном рынке 22 сентября 2010 года в Канаде.
2011 Netflix расширила свой потоковый сервис на Латинскую Америку, Карибский бассейн, Белиз и Гвиана.
2012 Netflix начал свою экспансию в Европу в 2012 году, запустив ее в Великобритании и Ирландии 4 января. К 18 октября она расширилась до Дании, Финляндии, Норвегии и Швеции.
2013 Компания решила медленное расширение для контроля стоимости подписки. Он расширился только до Нидерландов.
2014 Netflix стал доступен в Австрии, Бельгии, Франции, Германия, Люксембург и Швейцария.
2015 Netflix расширился до Австралии и Новой Зеландии, Японии, Италии, Португалии и Испания.
2016 Netflix объявил на Consumer Electronics Show в январе 2016 года, что он стал доступен во всем мире, кроме Китая, Сирия, Северная Корея и территория Крым.
2017 В апреле 2017 года Netflix подтвердила, что достигла лицензионного соглашения в Китае на оригинальный контент Netflix. с IQiyi, китайской платформой потокового видео, принадлежащей Baidu.

. По состоянию на октябрь 2020 года Netflix официально поддерживает 29 языков для пользовательского интерфейса и поддержки клиентов цели: арабский (современный стандарт ), китайский (упрощенный и традиционный ), чешский, датский, голландский, Английский, финский, французский, немецкий, греческий, иврит, хинди, венгерский, индонезийский, итальянский, японский, корейский, малайский, норвежский (букмол ), польский, португальский (бразильский и европейский ), румынский, русский, испанский (кастильский и латиноамериканский ), суахили, шведский, тайский, турецкий и вьетнамский.

Netflix столкнулась с политическими противоречиями после своей глобальной экспансии и по поводу некоторых своих международных проектов, включая The Mechanism, Fauda и Amo. В июне 2016 года министр культуры России Владимир Мединский утверждал, что Netflix является частью заговора правительства США по влиянию на мировую культуру, «проникнуть в каждый дом, попасть в каждый телевизор и через этот телевизор в голова каждого человека на земле «. Это было частью его аргумента в пользу увеличения финансирования российского кинематографа, чтобы противопоставить его господству Голливуда.

В феврале 2020 года компания опубликовала свой первый отчет о том, когда она выполнила требование правительства удалить контент в в их странах, всего 9 раз с момента запуска:

  • В Сингапуре Netflix выполнила просьбы убрать Cooking on High, The Legend of 420 и Disjointed в 2018 г., Последнее искушение Христа в 2019 году и Последнее похмелье в 2020 году.
  • В Германии Netflix выполнила просьбу удалить 1990 года. ремейк «Ночи живых мертвецов» в 2017 году.
  • Во Вьетнаме Netflix выполнила просьбу снять цельнометаллическую оболочку в 2017 году.
  • In New Зеландия, Netflix выполнила просьбу удалить фильм Мост в 2015 году. В Саудовской Аравии Управление классификации кино и литературы.
  • считает фильм неприемлемым. ia, Netflix выполнил просьбу удалить эпизод с критикой правительства страны из сериала Патриотический акт с Хасаном Минхадем в 2019 году, который вызвал критику в СМИ.

В Индии Netflix вместе с Disney. Hotstar объявил о планах в начале 2019 года принять руководящие принципы саморегулирования для контента, транслируемого на их платформах в пределах страны, с целью предотвратить возможное применение государственных законов о цензуре. Иорданский сериал Джинн был осужден членами правительства страны за нарушение моральных норм страны, и высший прокурор страны добивался запрета на просмотр сериала. 3 сентября 2019 года Netflix подала заявку на получение лицензии на продолжение предоставления потоковых услуг в Турции в соответствии с новыми правилами вещания страны. Наблюдательный орган телевидения Стамбула, Верховный совет радио и телевидения (RTÜK) выпустил новые правила, согласно которым контент-провайдеры должны были получить новую лицензию для работы в стране. Позже RTÜK приказал Netflix удалить ЛГБТ-персонажей из турецких оригинальных сериалов Любовь 101 и Защитник. Впоследствии Netflix отменил производство своего турецкого сериала If Only, в котором также было приказано удалить персонажа-гея, чтобы разрешить выпуск.

Пользователи по всему миру

Конец года платные клиенты VOD (в миллионах) покупатели DVD, платящие (в миллионах)
4 квартал 2013 г. 41,43 6,77
4 квартал 2014 г. 54,48 5,67
4 квартал 2015 года 70,84 4,79
4 квартал 2016 года 89,09 4,03
4 квартал 2017 110,64 3,33
4 квартал 2018 года 139,26 2,71
4 квартал 2019 года 167,09 2,21
1 квартал 2020 г. 182,86 Н / Д
2 квартал 2020 г. 192,95 Н / Д

Конкуренты

За успехом Netflix последовало создание множества других компаний по аренде DVD как в Соединенных Штатах, так и за рубежом. Walmart начал предоставлять услугу онлайн-аренды в октябре 2002 года, но покинул рынок в мае 2005 года. Однако позже Walmart приобрел услугу аренды Vudu в 2010 году.

На рынок вышел Blockbuster Video. на онлайн-рынке США в августе 2004 года с ежемесячной подпиской на 19,95 долларов США (что эквивалентно 27 долларам в 2019 году). Это вызвало ценовую войну ; Netflix повысил свой популярный тариф на три диска с 19,95 долларов США до 21,99 долларов США незадолго до запуска Blockbuster, но к октябрю Netflix снизил эту плату до 17,99 долларов США. Blockbuster на время ответил ставкой всего 14,99 доллара США, но к августу 2005 года обе компании рассчитались по одинаковым ставкам. 22 июля 2007 года Netflix снизила цены на два своих самых популярных тарифных плана на 1 доллар США, чтобы лучше конкурировать с онлайн-предложениями Blockbuster. 4 октября 2012 года Dish Network отказалась от планов превратить Blockbuster в конкурента онлайн-сервиса Netflix. (Dish купила больную Blockbuster, LLC в 2011 году и на тот момент планировала сохранить филиалы по франшизе, а также свою потоковую службу «Blockbuster on Demand». К 2020 году Blockbuster on Demand была прекращена, и осталось только одно место франшизы Blockbuster. Орегон.)

В 2005 году Netflix назвал Amazon.com потенциальным конкурентом, который до 2008 года предлагал онлайн-прокат видео в Великобритании и Германии. Это подразделение бизнеса в конечном итоге было продано LoveFilm; однако в 2011 году Amazon купила LoveFilm. Кроме того, Amazon теперь транслирует фильмы и телешоу через Amazon Video (ранее Amazon Video On Demand и LOVEFiLM Instant).

Redbox — еще один конкурент, использующий киоск подход: вместо того, чтобы отправлять DVD-диски по почте, клиенты забирают и возвращают DVD-диски в киосках самообслуживания, расположенных в крупных городах. В сентябре 2012 года Coinstar, владельцы Redbox, объявили о планах сотрудничать с Verizon для запуска Redbox Instant от Verizon к концу 2012 года. В начале 2013 года Redbox Instant от Verizon начал ограниченную бета-версия его сервиса, который критики охарактеризовали как «не убийцу Netflix» из-за «сбоев [и] нечеткого выбора».

CuriosityStream, премиум-сервис без рекламы на основе подписки, запущенный в марте 2015 года. похожий на Netflix, но предлагающий строго документальный контент в областях науки, технологий, цивилизации и человеческого духа, был назван «новым Netflix для научно-популярной литературы».

Hulu Plus, как Netflix и Amazon Prime Instant Видео, «чернила [s] свои собственные предложения для эксклюзивного и оригинального контента», требуя Netflix «не только продолжать привлекать новых абонентов, но и сохранить существующие счастливым».

Netflix в значительной степени избегает предлагая порнографии, но несколько сервисов подписки на «видео для взрослых» были вдохновлены Netflix, например Suga rInstant и WantedList.

В Австралии Netflix, прежде всего, конкурирует с Stan, местным конкурентом SVOD, который работает только на австралийском рынке и в настоящее время снижает ежемесячные цены Netflix при использовании обширных оригинальных Австралийский контент как его главное ценностное предложение. В настоящее время Netflix занимает значительную долю рынка по сравнению со Стэном: в 2019 году Netflix охватил более 11,5 миллионов домашних пользователей в Австралии по сравнению с Stan, достигнув более 2,5 миллионов домашних пользователей за тот же период. В скандинавских странах Netflix конкурирует с Viaplay, HBO Nordic и C More. В Юго-Восточной Азии Netflix конкурирует с iflix, Astro On the Go, iWant TFC, Sky on Demand, Singtel TV и HomeCable OnDemand. В Новой Зеландии Netflix конкурирует с местными потоковыми компаниями, включая Television New Zealand (TVNZ), Mediaworks New Zealand, Sky Network Television, Lightbox, Neon и Quickflix. В Италии Netflix конкурирует с Infinity, Now TV и TIMvision. В ЮАР Netflix конкурирует с Showmax. В регионе MENA Netflix конкурирует с icflix, Starz Play Arabia, OSN с Wavo и iflix Arabia. Кроме того, в Бразилии Netflix конкурирует с Globoplay, потоковым сервисом Grupo Globo.

В Мексике Televisa удалила свой контент из Netflix в 2016 году и переместила его в свой собственный потоковый сервис Blim.

The Walt Disney Company запустила свой собственный потоковый сервис, Disney +, в ноябре 2019 года. В результате контент Disney, размещенный в настоящее время на Netflix, будет постепенно прекращаться в течение следующих двух лет. В начале 2020 года Disney сообщила, что их количество подписчиков во всем мире превысило внутренние и отраслевые оценки и составило 50 миллионов — на 22 миллиона больше, чем в предыдущем отчете двумя месяцами ранее.

Инциденты

В августе 2017 года, Сотрудник после увольнения бесчинствовал и разрушал внутренние помещения здания. Позже он был арестован за нападение и уничтожение имущества.

В феврале 2019 года полиция ворвалась в штаб-квартиру Netflix в Голливуде после того, как, как сообщалось, по помещению бродил человек с пистолетом. Здания были заблокированы.

Награды

18 июля 2013 года Netflix получил первые номинации Primetime Emmy Award за оригинальное онлайн-телевидение . программы на 65th Primetime Emmy Awards. Три из его веб-сериалов, «Замедленное развитие», «Hemlock Grove» и «Карточный домик», получили в сумме 14 номинаций (девять за карточный домик, три за задержанное развитие и две за Hemlock Grove). Эпизод Карточного домика «Глава 1 » получил четыре номинации как на 65-ю премию Primetime Emmy Awards, так и на 65-ю премию Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards, став первым веб-эпизодом из телесериал, получивший главную номинацию на премию «Эмми»: Дэвид Финчер был номинирован в категории «Выдающаяся режиссура драматического сериала». «Chapter 1» присоединилась к «Flight of the Phoenix » от Arrest Development и «Children of the Night» из Hemlock Grove, став первыми веб-сериалами, получившими номинацию на премию Creative Arts Emmy, а также с победой в номинации «Выдающаяся кинематография за сингл» -Camera Series, «Chapter 1» стал первым веб-сериалом, удостоенным премии «Эмми». Благодаря победе Финчера за режиссуру драматического сериала этот эпизод стал первым веб-эпизодом Primetime, удостоенным премии «Эмми».

12 декабря 2013 года телеканал получил шесть номинаций на премию Золотой глобус, в том числе четыре на Хауса. карт. Среди этих номинаций была Райт на премию «Золотой глобус» за лучшую женскую роль — драма телесериала за роль Клэр Андервуд, которую она выиграла на 71-й премии «Золотой глобус» 12 января. Похвала Райт стала первой актрисой, получившей «Золотой глобус» за онлайн-телесериал. Это также стало первой крупной актерской наградой Netflix. Карточный домик и Orange is the New Black также выиграли Peabody Awards в 2013 году.

10 июля 2014 года Netflix получил 31 номинацию на премию «Эмми». Среди других номинаций «Карточный домик» получил номинации «Выдающийся драматический сериал», «Выдающаяся режиссерская работа в драматическом сериале» и «Выдающийся сценарий в драматическом сериале». Кевин Спейси и Робин Райт были номинированы на звание «Выдающаяся ведущая актриса и выдающаяся ведущая актриса драматического сериала». «Оранжевый — это новый черный» был номинирован в категориях комедии, заслужив номинацию на «Выдающийся комедийный сериал», «Выдающийся сценарий комедийного сериала» и «Выдающаяся режиссура для комедийного сериала». Тейлор Шиллинг, Кейт Малгрю и Узо Адуба были, соответственно, номинированы на выдающуюся ведущую женскую роль в комедийном сериале, выдающуюся женскую роль второго плана в комедийном сериале и лучшую приглашенную актрису в комедийном сериале (последняя была за повторяющуюся роль Адубы в первом сезоне, поскольку она был повышен до уровня регулярного сериала во втором сезоне шоу).

Netflix получил самую большую долю номинаций на премию Эмми 2016 года среди своих конкурентов с 16 основными номинациями. Тем не менее, потоковые шоу получили только 24 номинации из 139, что значительно отстает от кабельного телевидения. В число 16 номинантов Netflix вошли: Карточный домик с Кевином Спейси, Рождество в стиле Мюррея с Биллом Мюрреем, Несокрушимая Кимми Шмидт, Мастер Ни один и Родословная.

Stranger Things получили 19 номинаций на Primetime 2017 Emmy Awards, а The Crown получила 13 номинаций.

В апреле 2017 года Netflix был номинирован на премию «Вещатель года» в Великобритании за разнообразие в медиа.

В декабре 2017 года Netflix был удостоен награды PETA «Компания года» за продвижение фильмов и документальных фильмов о правах животных, таких как Forks Over Knives и What the Health.

На 90-й церемонии вручения премии Оскар, состоявшейся 4 марта 2018 года, Netflix получил Оскар за лучший документальный фильм за фильм Икар. Во время своего выступления за кулисами режиссер и сценарист Брайан Фогель заметил, что Netflix «в одиночку изменил мир документального кино». Премьера «Икара» состоялась на кинофестивале «Сандэнс» в 2017 году, и он был куплен Netflix за 5 миллионов долларов, что стало одной из самых больших сделок в истории документального фильма.

Netflix стал сетью, номинировавшейся чаще всего. в 2018 Primetime и Creative Arts Emmy Awards со 112 номинациями, тем самым побив 17-летний рекорд HBO как наиболее номинированной сети на Emmys, получившей 108 номинаций.

22 января 2019 года Netflix набрал 15 номинаций на 91-ю премию Академии, в том числе за лучший фильм для Альфонсо Куарон ‘ s Рома, номинированный на 10 наград. 15 номинаций равняются общему количеству номинаций, полученных Netflix в предыдущие годы. Его возросшее присутствие на церемонии вручения премий Оскар побудило таких режиссеров, как Стивен Спилберг, выступить против номинации потокового контента. В качестве возможного решения Netflix находится в процессе покупки Египетского театра Граумана для проведения мероприятий и показа его фильмов и сериалов. Однако планов по выпуску полноценных театральных релизов там нет.

Финансы и выручка

2010

В 2010 году цена акций Netflix выросла на 219% до 175,70 доллара, и это добавило восемь миллионов подписчиков, доведя их общее количество до 20 миллионов. Выручка подскочила на 29% до 2,16 млрд долларов, а чистая прибыль — на 39% до 161 млн долларов.

2011

В апреле 2011 года ожидалось, что Netflix заработает 1,07 доллара на акцию в первом квартале 2011 года. Согласно опросу 25 аналитиков, опрошенных FactSet Research, выручка составила 705,7 млн ​​долларов, что является огромным увеличением по сравнению с прибылью в 59 центов годом ранее при выручке в размере 493,7 млн ​​долларов.

На пике в июле 2011 года, Акции Netflix торговались по 299 долларов. После недовольства клиентов и, как следствие, потери подписчиков после объявления генерального директора Гастингса о том, что потоковое вещание и аренда DVD будут оплачиваться отдельно, что приведет к повышению цены для клиентов, которые хотели и того, и другого (1 сентября), и что аренда DVD будет разделена. цена акций дочерней компании Qwikster (18 сентября) резко упала, примерно до 130 долларов. Однако 10 октября 2011 г. планы по разделу компании были отменены. Причина в том, что «два веб-сайта усложнят задачу», — заявил он в блоге Netflix. 22 ноября акции Netflix упали, так как цены на акции упали на целых 7%. К декабрю 2011 года из-за своего решения о повышении цен Netflix потерял за лето более 75% своей общей стоимости. Описав свою бизнес-модель как «сломанную», Wedbush понизил рейтинг акций Netflix до «хуже», что эквивалентно продаже.

2014

В мае 2014 года Netflix повысила комиссию для британских подписчиков на £ 1. Повышение цен вступило в силу немедленно для новых подписчиков, но будет отложено на два года для существующих участников. Netflix применил аналогичные повышения в США (рост на 1 доллар) и Еврозоне (рост на 1 евро). Согласно Forbes, «Netflix может добавить примерно 500 миллионов долларов в годовой дополнительный доход только в США к 2017 году с помощью этого шага» и «примерно 200–250 миллионов долларов дополнительных доходов от изменения цен на международных рынках». Однако Феликс Сэлмон из агентства Reuters критически относится к финансовому будущему Netflix, отмечая, что «каждый раз, когда Netflix создает маржу прибыли, студии просто поднимают свои цены, пока эта маржа не исчезнет».

2016

В апреле 2016 года Netflix объявил о прекращении действия ставки лояльности в некоторых странах для подписчиков, которые были постоянно подписаны до повышения цен. Netflix потратил около 5 миллиардов долларов на оригинальный контент в 2016 году; для сравнения, выручка за 2015 год составила 6,77 млрд долларов США (2015 год).

2019

В 2019 году выручка Netflix составила 20,1 млрд долларов США, а чистая прибыль — 1,9 млрд долларов США. Общие активы компании составляли 34,0 млрд долларов, в основном контентные активы (24,5 млрд долларов). Netflix в настоящее время считается крупнейшим покупателем видеоконтента в мире.

2020

В 2020 году, во время пандемии COVID-19 Netflix сообщил о «доходе за квартал, закончившийся 31 марта., 2020 г. составила 5,768 млрд долларов, что на 27,58% больше, чем в прошлом году «.

Критика

Доступность

В 2011 г. США подал в суд на Netflix. Национальная ассоциация глухих за то, что не предоставила субтитры для глухих или слабослышащих во всем своем содержании, ссылаясь на Закон об американцах с ограниченными возможностями. Позже Netflix согласился с соглашением, согласно которому к 2014 году будет подписана вся библиотека, а к 2016 году будут доступны подписи для нового контента в течение семи дней после выпуска. В неопубликованном решении от 2015 года Апелляционный суд девятого округа постановил, что ADA не применяется к Netflix в данном случае, поскольку он «не связан с каким-либо реальным физическим местом. «. Netflix продолжает сталкиваться с критикой со стороны сторонников прав людей с ограниченными возможностями из-за качества субтитров в некоторых материалах.

Широкополосный доступ и потребление энергии

18 марта 2020 г. Тьерри Бретон, комиссар ЕС по внутреннему рынку и услугам призвал потоковые сервисы, включая Netflix, сократить свои услуги, чтобы снизить нагрузку на широкополосные сети Европы. Меры по ограничению свободы, принятые во время пандемии COVID-19, усилили давление на сети, поскольку люди как работают, так и ищут развлечений дома. Netflix в ответ согласился снизить скорость потоковой передачи в странах Европейского Союза на 25% в течение 30 дней. Хотя скорость потоковой передачи будет снижена на 25%, пользователи по-прежнему смогут передавать потоки в HD и 4K с пониженным качеством изображения.

Контент и партнерство

Отдельные производства Netflix также столкнулись с разногласиями по поводу их содержание. В 2018 году пресса утверждала, что 13 причин почему восхваляют такие проблемы психического здоровья, как самоубийство, депрессия и посттравматический стресс. Ученые также обвинили эти постановки в минимизации риска для уязвимых зрителей, указав на отсутствие моральной ответственности Netflix. Netflix подвергся критике за использование видеоматериалов с железнодорожной катастрофы Lac-Mégantic 2013 года в фильмах Bird Box и Travelers. Впоследствии отснятый материал был заменен. В январе 2019 года Netflix подверг цензуре эпизод Patriot Act с Хасаном Минхаджем в Саудовской Аравии по запросу Комиссии по коммуникациям и информационным технологиям со ссылкой на материалы, критикующие страну (например, Мохаммед бен Салман и военная кампания под руководством Саудовской Аравии в Йемене ).

Объявление о том, что компания Гвинет Пэлтроу Goop сотрудничает с Netflix, вызвало критику, отмечая, что компанию часто критиковали за необоснованные заявления об эффективности лечения и продуктов, которые она продвигает. Многие критики утверждали, что предоставление Goop доступа к платформе Netflix было «победой для псевдонауки «.

Модель распространения фильмов

Модель распространения оригинальных фильмов Netflix привела к конфликту с унаследованной киноиндустрией. Некоторые кинотеатры отказывались показывать фильмы, распространяемые Netflix в кинотеатрах (в первую очередь, чтобы гарантировать право на получение награды), поскольку это противоречит стандартному трехмесячному nth выпускает окно и одновременно выпускает их на своей потоковой платформе (хотя Roma вместо этого получил трехнедельный прогон перед добавлением в потоковую службу). Стивен Спилберг, губернатор отделения директоров Академии кинематографических искусств и наук (AMPAS), критиковал потоковую модель по сравнению с «общинным» кинематографическим опытом, но позже разъяснил свои взгляды, заявив, что зрители должны иметь доступ к «великим историям» и иметь возможность «находить себе развлечение в любой форме и моде, которые им подходят». В апреле 2019 года AMPAS проголосовала против возможности изменения критериев отбора Academy Awards для учета потоковых сервисов, таких как Netflix, хотя президент AMPAS Джон Бейли заявил, что организация » дальнейшее изучение глубоких изменений, происходящих в нашей индустрии «.

В 2018 году Netflix отказался от участия в Каннском кинофестивале в ответ на новые правила, согласно которым конкурсные фильмы должны быть выпущены во французских кинотеатрах. Каннская премьера Okja в 2017 году вызвала споры и вызвала дискуссии по поводу уместности фильмов с одновременным показом цифровых выпусков на мероприятии, демонстрирующем театральные фильмы; Зрители также освистали косметичку Netflix на показе. Попытки Netflix договориться о разрешении ограниченного показа во Франции были ограничены организаторами, а также французским законом культурное исключение, согласно которому фильмы, показываемые в кинотеатрах, по закону запрещены к предоставлению через сервисы видео по запросу до не менее 36 месяцев после их выпуска.

Начиная с Международного кинофестиваля в Торонто в 2019 году, фильмы могут быть запрещены к показу в Scotiabank Theater Toronto — одном из кинофестивалей фестиваля на основных площадках, а также в других местах (например, TIFF Bell Lightbox и других местных кинотеатрах), если распространяется такой службой, как Netflix. Организаторы заявили, что ограничение было связано с политикой, установленной владельцем и оператором объекта, Cineplex Entertainment, требующей соблюдения трехмесячных театральных окон.

Уклонение от уплаты налогов

Согласно сообщению в блоге Института налогообложения и экономической политики , Netflix сообщил о своей самой большой прибыли в США за 2018 год, но не заплатил ни федерального налога, ни налога штата. Объяснение заключается в том, что налоговое законодательство США позволяет компаниям претендовать на иностранную прибыль и, таким образом, избегать двойного налогообложения. Сенатор США Берни Сандерс раскритиковал Netflix за это как в Twitter, так и на мероприятии в ратуше Fox News 15 апреля 2019 года. Представитель Netflix назвал такие утверждения «неточными», но никаких доказательств не было. при условии, что Netflix уплатил государственные или федеральные налоги.

Обвинения в уклонении от уплаты налогов также расследуются итальянской прокуратурой. Хотя у Netflix нет штаб-квартиры в Италии, обвинение утверждает, что цифровая инфраструктура, такая как серверы и кабели, соответствует физическому присутствию в стране.

Число зрителей утверждает, что

Netflix был некоторые СМИ и конкуренты призывают его лишь изредка и выборочно публиковать рейтинги и количество зрителей. Ярким примером этого является фильм Bird Box. Через неделю после его выпуска Netflix заявил, что у него самый большой семидневный рекорд просмотров любого из его оригинальных фильмов, который собрал более 45 миллионов зрителей, но не предоставил данные для его проверки. Также было невозможно точно сравнить его недельный успех с крупным культурным событием, таким как Суперкубок или Оскар, или с показом фильма блокбастера.. В июне 2019 года Netflix утверждал, что 30 869 863 аккаунтов смотрели Адам Сэндлер и Дженнифер Энистон в главной роли оригинальный фильм Netflix Murder Mystery, несмотря на то, что он подвергся критике. это самые большие «выходные» для оригинального фильма Netflix. Если бы фильм шел в кинотеатрах, он был бы эквивалентен 556 миллионам долларов при цене билета в 9 долларов. Критики сомневаются, что такое количество людей посмотрело бы фильм, учитывая, что это сделало бы фильм более популярным, чем финал Игры престолов.

В четвертом квартале 2019 года Netflix изменил свой метод оценить количество зрителей шоу. До этого Netflix засчитывал зрителей как зрителей, если они смотрели 70% шоу; С новым изменением зрителю достаточно посмотреть шоу всего за две минуты, чтобы рассчитать его. Netflix запустил двухминутную метрику, показывающую, что зритель выбрал просмотр шоу, и, таким образом, засчитал его зрительскую аудиторию. Это также устранило такие факторы, как продолжительность работы, так что как короткие, так и длинные работы будут рассматриваться одинаково. В заявлении для акционеров Netflix оценил это увеличение количества просмотров в среднем на 35%. Этот новый показатель подвергся критике, поскольку комментаторы посчитали, что две минуты — это слишком мало для любого шоу, чтобы привлечь зрителя, и вместо этого Netflix предпринял попытку искусственно увеличить количество зрителей, чтобы сопоставить их количество с телевизионными сетями и продажами билетов в кино, например, попытка сравнить аудиторию Ведьмака с аудиторией HBO Игра престолов.

Продвижение псевдонауки

Netflix уже давно критикуют за то, что он предлагает контент, представляющий оздоровительный псевдонауку и теории заговора как истина. Медицинские работники быстро исправили несколько аргументов, приведенных в документальном фильме 2017 года What the Health, утверждая, что фильм преувеличивает негативные последствия употребления яиц и преуменьшает риски диеты, богатой сахаром. Австралийская медицинская ассоциация (AMA) призвала Netflix удалить из своего каталога «Волшебную пилюлю», документальный фильм, рассказанный знаменитым шеф-поваром Питом Эвансом, в котором утверждается, что кетогенная диета помогает вылечить множество заболеваний, таких как астма и рак. Хотя некоторые исследования намекают, что диета дает определенные преимущества, они не подтверждают утверждения, сделанные в фильме, и AMA настаивает на том, что продвижение диеты без надзора квалифицированных медицинских работников создает серьезный риск развития дефицита питательных веществ.

Эти обвинения усилились в 2020 году, когда платформа представила оригинальные программы, такие как The Goop Lab и Down to Earth с Заком Эфроном. С момента подписания сделки с брендом Гвинет Пэлтроу, брендом стиля жизни Goop в феврале 2019 года, Netflix столкнулся с широкой критикой. Сделку неоднократно называли «выигрышем для псевдонауки ». Как только The Goop Lab стала доступна для обзора, она вызвала резкую критику. Шоу Эфрона также подверглось резкой критике за пропаганду псевдонауки и предоставление зрителям сомнительных советов по здоровью.

Cuties

Cuties, французский фильм 2020 года, распространяемый Netflix на международном уровне в 2020 году, вызвал споры после его выпуска из-за заявлений. он сексуализировал детей, особенно в ответ на плакат, первоначально показанный на потоковой платформе, который впоследствии был изменен. Политики и правительственные чиновники в Турции и США сделали различные жалобы, в том числе призыв к расследованию «возможных нарушений эксплуатации детей и законов детской порнографии» и просят фильм быть добровольно удалены Netflix. Режиссер фильма Маймуна Дукуре заявила в защиту фильма, что он «пытается показать, что у наших детей должно быть время, чтобы быть детьми, а мы, взрослые, должны защищать их невиновность и сохранять их невиновными до тех пор. насколько это возможно «. 23 сентября 2020 года большое жюри Техаса предъявило Netflix обвинение в «продвижении непристойных визуальных материалов с изображением ребенка».

Impact

Рост популярности Netflix повлиял на то, как зрители смотрят телеконтент. Главный технологический директор Netflix Нил Хант отмечает, что Интернет позволяет пользователям свободно смотреть шоу в своем собственном темпе, поэтому для эпизода не нужны клиффхэнгеры, дразняющие аудиторию, чтобы она продолжала настраиваться неделю за неделей, потому что они могут просто перейти к следующему эпизоду. Netflix позволил создателям контента отклоняться от традиционных форматов, которые заставляют 30-минутные или 60-минутные временные интервалы один раз в неделю, что, по их утверждению, дает им преимущество перед сетями. Их модель предоставляет платформу, которая позволяет варьировать время показа эпизода на основе сюжетной линии, устраняет необходимость в недельном повторении и не имеет фиксированного представления о том, что составляет «сезон». Эта гибкость также позволяет Netflix развивать шоу до тех пор, пока оно не найдет свою аудиторию, в отличие от традиционных сетей, которые быстро отменяют шоу, если не могут поддерживать стабильные рейтинги.

Netflix отклонился от традиционного необходимого производства пилотного проекта. эпизод, чтобы установить персонажей и создать произвольные клиффхэнгеры, чтобы доказать сети, что концепция шоу будет успешной. Кевин Спейси рассказал на Эдинбургском международном телевизионном фестивале о том, насколько новая модель Netflix оказалась эффективной для производства Карточного домика: «Netflix была единственной компанией, которая сказала:« Мы верим в вас. Мы бежим. наши данные, и это говорит нам, что наша аудитория будет смотреть этот сериал ». Традиционные сети не желают рисковать миллионами долларов на шоу, не увидев сначала пилота, но Спейси отмечает, что в 2012 году было создано 113 пилотов; 35 из них были выбраны для выхода в эфир, 13 были продлены, и большинство уже ушли. По словам Спейси, общая стоимость этого составляет от 300 до 400 миллионов долларов, что делает сделку Netflix с карточным домиком чрезвычайно рентабельной. Абонентская плата Netflix также устраняет необходимость в рекламе, поэтому им не нужно умиротворять рекламодателей, чтобы они финансировали их оригинальный контент, модель аналогична платным телевизионным сервисам, таким как HBO и Showtime.

Модель Netflix также повлияла на ожидания зрителей. Согласно опросу Nielsen, проведенному в 2013 году, более 60 процентов американцев заявили, что смотрят шоу с запой, и почти 8 из 10 американцев использовали технологии, чтобы смотреть свои любимые шоу по собственному расписанию. Netflix продолжал выпускать свой оригинальный контент, делая доступным сразу весь сезон, признавая изменение привычек зрителей. Это позволяет зрителям смотреть эпизоды в любое время по своему выбору, вместо того, чтобы смотреть только один эпизод в неделю в определенное запланированное время; это фактически дает своим подписчикам свободу и контроль над тем, когда смотреть следующий выпуск в их собственном темпе.

См. Также

  • Hulu
  • Peacock (потоковая служба)
  • CBS All Access
  • Disney +
  • HBO Max
  • Список похвал, полученных Netflix
  • Потоковое телевидение

Ссылки

Дополнительная литература

Внешние ссылки

На Викискладе есть материалы, связанные с Netflix.
  • Netflix Измените это на Wikidata
  • Коммерческие данные для Netflix:
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Предложения со словом «Netflix»

The CEO of Netflix recently said, our biggest competitors are Facebook, YouTube and sleep.

Недавно руководитель Netflix заявил, что «наши самые главные конкуренты — Facebook, YouTube и сон».

Now, when Netflix did this, they unlocked a whole new way to transform their business.

Когда это делал Netflix , они открыли совершенно новый способ трансформации бизнеса.

Netflix is known for their really great recommendation algorithm, and they had this $1 million prize for anyone who could improve it.

Netflix прославился своим действительно отличным алгоритмом рекомендаций, они объявили о призе в 1 миллион долларов тому, кто сможет его улучшить.

But Netflix discovered the improvements were only incremental.

Но Netflix обнаружил, что улучшения были неравномерными.

So Netflix was like, Oh. This is a new insight.

Поэтому Netflix такой: «Это что — то новенькое».

And once they verified it and validated it, Netflix decided to do something very simple but impactful.

Стоило им сверить и утвердить их, как в Netflix решили сделать кое — что простое, но эффективное.

And of course, in Netflix and Amazon, it’s in the background, making those recommendations.

А на Netflix и Amazon он на заднем плане создаёт вам рекомендации.

The rise in popularity of companies such as Spotify and Netflix are a clear indication of this.

Рост популярности таких компаний, как Spotify и Netflix , стал тому доказательством.

Some commentators have suggested that changing viewing habits and the increased popularity of web streaming services such as Netflix may be to blame.

Некоторые комментаторы предполагают, что дело может быть в изменяющихся зрительских привычках и растущей популярности потоковых интернет — сервисов, таких как Netflix .

To access different display modes while watching a DVD or Netflix movie, press A on your controller and then select Display.

Чтобы сменить режим отображения при просмотре DVD — диска или фильма из Netflix , нажмите A на геймпаде, а затем выберите Дисплей.

Prepositions like those used for attribution, for example, “on Netflix ” or “on ClimbOn”, will be part of the feed story that is translated.

Пространственные предлоги (например, «на Netflix » или «на ClimbOn») являются частью новости и подлежат переводу.

Secure HDCP link not found error when playing a DVD or streaming a Netflix movie on Xbox 360

Ошибка Безопасное соединение HDCP не найдено возникает при воспроизведении DVD или потоковом воспроизведении фильма в Netflix на консоли Xbox 360.

Some apps may require a subscription or membership with a service provider (the Netflix app, for example).

Для некоторых приложений требуется подписка или членство у поставщика услуг (например, приложение Netflix ).

Why do I see estimated savings for apps like YouTube and Netflix ?

Почему для таких приложений, как YouTube и Netflix , не указывается точная экономия?

Spinderella would never hack a brother’s Netflix queue!

Спиндерелла никогда бы не влезла в плейлист братана на Netflix !

But in this age of Netflix and chill it is no time to be looking for someone decent.

В этот век Нетфликса и расслабона нет времени на поиски кого — то пристойного.

I have, like, five things from Netflix . I have, like, an animated one, and a few Jen Aniston ones.

Пять вещиц с Нэтфликс, что — то анимационное, несколько фильмов с Джен Энистон.

I’ll have you know that Netflix , Hulu and Crackle still don’t make the money Blockbuster does.

Да будет вам известно, что Нетфлекс, Хулу и Крэкл все равно не зарабатывают таких денег, как Блокбастер.

One recent stormy night, Chad and I watched Panic Room on Netflix , and Chad was like,

Недавно одной штормовой ночью Чед и я смотрели Комнату Страха на Netflix и Чед такой типа.

My social life consists of running at superhuman speed and Netflix .

Мои развлечения это бег на сверх — скорости и телеканал Netflix .

It’s like Netflix , but you go to a store, and you pick out your video from a limited selection.

Это как Netflix , но только ты идешь в магазин, и выбираешь там видео из ограниченного набора.

Your new secrecy, calmness with Mr. Chuck, supporting Ms. Serena’s new boyfriend, and last week, I find NOVA documentary in your Netflix queue!

Ваша новая тайна, мир с мистером Чаком, в поддержку нового друга Серены, и на пршлой неделе, я нашла новую документалку в вашей очереди Нетфликс!

You would’ve thought that once we were exonerated by an award-winning Netflix documentary, and let out of the asylum, that the Chanels would be heroes.

Вы могли подумать, что если мы были оправданы выиграв награду за документалку на Netflix , и выпущены из психушки, то Шанели будут героями.

According to Netflix , someone in your household is a big fan of mob movies.

Как следует из ваших заказов, кто — то в вашем семействе — большой любитель фильмов о мафии.

I need you to enter your Netflix password.

Мне нужен твой пароль от Netflix .

A bit much for netflix and chill, don’t you think?

Слишком для Нетфликс и расслабона, не думаешь?

You are the most infuriating, Netflix dvd-burglaring, barbecue-not-putting-out Man I ever met!

Ты самый раздражающий, тырящий ди — ви — ди, не накрывающий барбекью человек, которого я когда — либо встречал!

Do you and Troy still actively use Jeff’s Netflix account without his permission?

Вы и Трой до сих пор активно используете аккаунт Джеффа в Netflix без его разрешения?

I mean, we climb into sweats and watch Netflix every night.

Мы надеваем треники, и смотрим, взятые напрокат, фильмы каждый вечер.

Hulu, Netflix , Amazon and BBC iPlayer are among the foreign video services widely used through these means by foreign users.

Hulu, Netflix , Amazon и BBC iPlayer относятся к числу иностранных видеосервисов, широко используемых с помощью этих средств иностранными пользователями.

Its popularity among VPN users in the country prompted Netflix to officially establish an Australian version of its service in 2014.

Его популярность среди пользователей VPN в стране побудила Netflix официально установить австралийскую версию своего сервиса в 2014 году.

The series debuted on December 19, 2014, on Netflix , when the first five 22-minute episodes were released.

Сериал дебютировал 19 декабря 2014 года на Netflix , когда были выпущены первые пять 22 — минутных эпизодов.

The complete series was added to the Netflix streaming service in the US in 2011.

Полная серия была добавлена к потоковому сервису Netflix в США в 2011 году.

Netflix releases each episode of the series for streaming within 24 hours of its U.S. debut.

Netflix выпускает каждый эпизод сериала для потокового вещания в течение 24 часов после его дебюта в США.

I recently put some Columbo disks in my Netflix que.

Недавно я поместил несколько дисков Columbo в свой Netflix que.

In May 2018, it was reported that Netflix would distribute the film, for what they intend to be a new action franchise with Ryan Reynolds starring in the lead role.

В мае 2018 года сообщалось, что Netflix будет распространять фильм, для чего они намерены создать новую франшизу с Райаном Рейнольдсом в главной роли.

The film premiered at The Shed in New York City on December 10, 2019, and was released digitally to Netflix and in limited theaters on December 13, 2019.

Премьера фильма состоялась в The Shed в Нью — Йорке 10 декабря 2019 года, а 13 декабря 2019 года он был выпущен в цифровом формате на Netflix и в ограниченных кинотеатрах.

On September 26, 2019, it was announced that Silvers was cast as Erin Naird in the upcoming Netflix comedy series, Space Force.

26 сентября 2019 года было объявлено, что Сильверс снимается в роли Эрин Нэрд в предстоящем комедийном сериале Netflix космические силы.

He wrote one episode of Witcher series from Netflix , as well as singing a song on the soundtrack.

Он написал один эпизод сериала Ведьмак от Netflix , а также спел песню на саундтреке.

a documentary about Martina Navratilova, and is attached to star and produce Pyros a sci-fi drama for Netflix directing by Simon Kinberg.

документальный фильм о Мартине Навратиловой, и прилагается к star and Production Pyros научно — фантастическая драма для Netflix режиссера Саймона Кинберга.

In 2019, he released the Netflix series Huge in France.

В 2019 году он выпустил серию Netflix Huge во Франции.

In November 2019, she starred in and served as an executive producer on the Netflix film The Knight Before Christmas.

В ноябре 2019 года она снялась в качестве исполнительного продюсера в фильме Netflix рыцарь перед Рождеством.

She has committed to starring in a Netflix film adaption of the musical Tick, Tick… Boom!

Она взяла на себя обязательство сниматься в экранизации мюзикла тик, тик на Netflix … Бум!

Produced by Tilted Productions in association with Lionsgate Television, Orange Is the New Black premiered on Netflix on July 11, 2013.

Произведенный Tilted Productions совместно с Lionsgate Television, Orange — это новый черный фильм, премьера которого состоялась на Netflix 11 июля 2013 года.

Orange Is the New Black has become Netflix’s most-watched original series.

Оранжевый — это новый черный, ставший самым популярным оригинальным сериалом Netflix .

While response was mixed, Gypsy was cancelled by Netflix after one season.

В то время как реакция была неоднозначной, Gypsy был отменен Netflix после одного сезона.

It had a grand prize of US$1,000,000, and it was given to the BellKor’s Pragmatic Chaos team which bested Netflix’s own algorithm for predicting ratings, by 10.06%.

Он получил главный приз в размере 1 000 000 долларов США и был вручен команде прагматичного Хаоса BellKor, которая превзошла собственный алгоритм Netflix для прогнозирования рейтингов на 10,06%.

In 2017 the Office of Film and Literature Classification created a special RP18 rating for online content in response to the Netflix television series, 13 Reasons Why.

В 2017 году Управление классификации фильмов и литературы создало специальный рейтинг RP18 для онлайн — контента в ответ на телесериал Netflix , 13 причин почему.

Shortly after, Netflix acquired the domestic distribution rights to the film for $9 million.

Вскоре после этого Netflix приобрела права на отечественный прокат фильма за 9 миллионов долларов.

Paranoid is a British crime drama which began broadcasting on ITV on 22 September 2016, and streaming internationally on Netflix in 2016.

Paranoid — это британская криминальная драма, которая начала транслироваться на ITV 22 сентября 2016 года и транслироваться на международном канале Netflix в 2016 году.

The Netflix series BoJack Horseman revealed in the end of the third season that Todd Chavez, one of the primary characters, is asexual.

В конце третьего сезона сериала Netflix BoJack Horseman показал, что Тодд Чавес, один из главных персонажей, асексуален.

It was released on DVD, Blu-ray, Blu-ray 3D and 4K Blu-ray on January 16, 2018 and distributed by Netflix and Redbox on January 23, 2018.

Он был выпущен на DVD, Blu — ray, Blu — ray 3D и 4K Blu — ray 16 января 2018 года и распространен Netflix и Redbox 23 января 2018 года.

Hastings invested $2.5 million in startup cash for Netflix .

Гастингс вложил 2,5 миллиона долларов в стартап Netflix .

Netflix introduced the monthly subscription concept in September 1999, and then dropped the single-rental model in early 2000.

Netflix представила концепцию ежемесячной подписки в сентябре 1999 года, а затем отказалась от модели однократного проката в начале 2000 года.

They proposed that Netflix , which would be renamed as Blockbuster.

Они предложили Netflix , который будет переименован в Blockbuster.

By early 2002, Netflix saw a huge increase in their subscription business.

К началу 2002 года Netflix увидела огромный рост своего подписного бизнеса.

In 2005, 35,000 different films were available, and Netflix shipped 1 million DVDs out every day.

В 2005 году было доступно 35 000 различных фильмов, а Netflix поставляла 1 миллион DVD — дисков каждый день.

Randolph, a dominant producer and board member for Netflix , retired from the company in 2004.

Рэндольф, доминирующий продюсер и член совета директоров Netflix , ушел из компании в 2004 году.

Netflix developed and maintains an extensive personalized video-recommendation system based on ratings and reviews by its customers.

Netflix разработала и поддерживает обширную персонализированную систему видео — рекомендаций, основанную на рейтингах и отзывах своих клиентов.

Netflix grew as DVD sales fell from 2006 to 2011.

Netflix рос по мере того, как продажи DVD падали с 2006 по 2011 год.

Источник

Encyclopedia Britannica

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