Как пишется по английски факультеты хогвартса

Not to be confused with Hogwort.

Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry
Studio model of Hogwarts at Leavesden Studios
Universe	Wizarding World
First appearance	Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone (1997)
Most recent appearance	Fantastic Beasts: The Secrets of Dumbledore (2022)
In-universe information
Type	Selective school Secondary school Boarding school
Founded	c. 9th/10th century
Location	Scotland
Owner	Ministry of Magic
Purpose	Training for children with magical abilities[1]
Motto	Latin: Draco dormiens nunquam titillandus («Never Tickle a Sleeping Dragon»)[2]

Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry () is a fictional Scottish boarding school of magic for students aged eleven to eighteen, and is the primary setting for the first six books in J. K. Rowling’s Harry Potter series and serves as a major setting in the Wizarding World universe.^[3]

History

Establishment

Founded in the 10th century by Godric Gryffindor, Rowena Ravenclaw, Helga Hufflepuff and Salazar Slytherin, Hogwarts was established in the Highlands of Scotland to educate young wizards and witches as well as to keep students safe from muggle persecution. Theory has it that Rowena Ravenclaw came up with the name of Hogwarts after dreaming of a warty hog that led her to a cliff by a lake.^[4] Since then, Hogwarts educated most wizarding children with residence in Great Britain and Ireland, keeping its location hidden from other wizarding schools and muggles.

Middle ages

About three hundred years after the school was founded, the Triwizard Tournament was established as an interscholastic competition among the three most prestigious magical schools in Europe: Hogwarts, Beauxbatons, and Durmstrang. The tournament continued for six centuries before being discontinued. An attempt was made in the 1994–1995 school year to revive the tournament, but the consequential death of Cedric Diggory resulted in its permanent discontinuation.^{[citation needed]}

Academics and traditions

Hogwarts is a coeducational, secondary boarding school, taking children from ages eleven to seventeen.^[3] Education at Hogwarts is not compulsory, with some students being home schooled as stated in the seventh book. Rowling initially said there are about one thousand students at Hogwarts.^[5] She later suggested around six hundred, while acknowledging that this number was still inconsistent with the small number of people in Harry’s year. She further explained that this had resulted from her creating only 40 characters for Harry’s year.^[6]

Admission

According to the novels, admission to Hogwarts is selective, in that children who show magical ability will automatically gain a place,^[7] and squibs cannot attend the school as students (though they can work there in other roles, as Argus Filch does).^[8] A magical quill at Hogwarts detects the birth of magical children and writes their names into a large parchment book,^[1] but there is no admission test because «you are either magical or you are not.»^[7] Every year, a teacher checks this book and sends a letter to the children who are turning eleven. Acceptance or refusal of a place at Hogwarts must be posted by 31 July. The letter also contains a list of supplies like spell books, uniform, and other things that the student will need. The prospective student is expected to buy all the necessary materials, normally from shops in Diagon Alley, a concealed street near Charing Cross Road in London that can be found behind the wizarding pub, The Leaky Cauldron. Students who cannot afford their supplies can receive financial aid from the school, as happened with the young orphan Tom Riddle.

Letters to Muggle-born witches and wizards, who may not be aware of their powers and are unfamiliar with the concealed wizarding world, are delivered in person by a member of Hogwarts staff, who then explains to the parents or guardians about magical society, and reassures them regarding this news.^[HP7]

Though the school is in Great Britain, its catchment area is the wider British Isles, as Irish students can also attend.

Each student is allowed to bring an owl, a cat or a toad. Along with the acceptance letter, first-year students are sent a list of required equipment which includes a wand, subject books, a standard size 2 pewter cauldron, a set of brass scales, a set of glass or crystal phials, a kit of basic potion ingredients (for Potions), and a telescope (for Astronomy). The Hogwarts uniform consists of plain work robes in black, a plain black hat, a pair of protective gloves, and a black winter cloak with silver fastenings. Each uniform must contain the wearer’s nametag. First years are not allowed a broomstick of their own, though an exception to this rule is made for Harry Potter in his first year after he demonstrates an excellent ability as a Seeker in Quidditch.

Arrival

The primary mode of transport to Hogwarts is the Hogwarts Express that students take at the start of each school year. Students board the train from the also fictional and hidden Platform 9¾ at King’s Cross station in London. The train arrives at Hogsmeade station near Hogwarts, some time after nightfall.

From there, first-year students are accompanied by the «Keeper of the Keys, Game and Grounds» (which was Hagrid during the first novel) to small boats, which magically sail across the lake and get them near the entrance of Hogwarts. The older students ride up to the castle in carriages pulled by creatures called Thestrals. When the first-year students initially arrive at the castle, they wait in a small chamber off the entrance hall until the older students have taken their seats, and then enter the Great Hall for the Sorting Ceremony to determine their House assignments. As Professor Minerva McGonagall said in Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone, «The Sorting is a very important ceremony because, while you are here, your House will be something like your family within Hogwarts. You will have classes with the rest of your House, sleep in your House dormitory, and spend free time in your House common room.»
After the Sorting Hat sings a song, each student in turn is seated upon the stool in front of the rest of the student body. The Hat is placed on the student’s head, whereupon it examines his or her mind and assigns them to one of the four Houses based on abilities, personality, and preferences. After the Sorting Ceremony, the students and teachers enjoy a feast, prepared by the Hogwarts house-elves. If Dumbledore is feeling cheerful, he will lead the students in singing the school song.^[9]

Houses

Hogwarts is divided into four houses, each bearing the last name of its founder: Godric Gryffindor, Salazar Slytherin, Rowena Ravenclaw and Helga Hufflepuff. Throughout the school year, the houses compete for the House Cup, gaining and losing points based on actions such as performance in class and rule violations. The house with the highest end-of-year total wins and has its colours displayed in the Great Hall for the following school year. Each house also has its own Quidditch team that competes for the Quidditch Cup. These two competitions breed rivalries between the houses. Houses at Hogwarts are living and learning communities for their students. Each house is under the authority of one of the Hogwarts staff members. The Heads of the houses, as they are called, are in charge of giving their students important information, dealing with matters of severe punishment, and responding to emergencies in their houses, among other things. The dormitory and common room of a House are, barring rare exceptions, inaccessible to students belonging to other Houses; however, different houses will share classes as they are based on year group rather than House.

In the early days of Hogwarts, the four founders hand-picked students for their Houses. When the founders worried how students would be selected after their deaths, Godric Gryffindor took his hat off and they each added knowledge to it, allowing the Sorting Hat to choose the students by judging each student’s qualities and placing them in the most appropriate house. The student’s own choices may affect the decision: the clearest example is the Hat telling Harry that he would do well in Slytherin in the first book, but ultimately selecting Gryffindor after Harry asks it not to put him in Slytherin.

The translators of the books’ foreign editions had difficulty translating the «house» concept; in countries where this system does not exist, no word could adequately convey the importance of belonging to a house, the loyalty owed to it, and the pride taken in prizes won by the house.^[10]

Gryffindor

Gryffindor values courage, bravery, nerve, and chivalry. Gryffindor’s mascot is the lion, and its colours are scarlet red and gold (maroon and gold on the ties and scarves). During the books, the Head of this house is the Transfiguration Professor and Deputy Headmistress, Minerva McGonagall until she becomes headmistress, and the house ghost is Sir Nicholas de Mimsy-Porpington, more commonly known as Nearly Headless Nick. According to Rowling, Gryffindor corresponds roughly to the element of fire.^[11] The founder of the house is Godric Gryffindor.

The Gryffindor common room is in one of the castle’s highest towers, and its entrance is on the seventh floor in the east wing of the castle and is guarded by a painting of The Fat Lady, who is garbed in a pink dress. She permits entry only after being given the correct password, as was established in the third book, when Sirius Black tried forcing entry into the tower, only to be blocked by The Fat Lady after he could not give the correct password. In the first book, Neville Longbottom tends to forget the password and must wait near the painting until other Gryffindors arrive to open the way.^[12]

Hufflepuff

Hufflepuff values hard work, patience, justice, and loyalty. The house mascot is the badger, and canary yellow and black (or golden yellow and graphite in the Fantastic Beasts films) are its colours. During the books, the Head of this house is the Herbology Professor Pomona Sprout, and the house ghost is the Fat Friar. According to Rowling, Hufflepuff corresponds roughly to the element of earth.^[11] The founder of this house is Helga Hufflepuff.

The entrance to the Hufflepuff dormitories and common room entrance is concealed in a pile of large barrels in an alcove in the corridor that holds the kitchen. To enter, one must tap the barrel two from the bottom in the middle of the second row in the rhythm of «Helga Hufflepuff». Unlike any other house, the Hufflepuff common room has a repelling device that douses the illegal entrant in vinegar if the wrong lid is tapped or the rhythm is wrong.^[13] The Hufflepuff common room is filled with yellow hangings and fat armchairs and it has little tunnels leading to the dormitories, all of which have perfectly round doors, like barrel tops.^[14]

Ravenclaw

Ravenclaw values intelligence, learning, wisdom and wit.^[HP5][HP7] The house mascot is an eagle and the house colours are blue and bronze (blue and silver in the Harry Potter and Fantastic Beasts films and on the ties and scarves). During the books, the head of this house is the Charms teacher, Professor Filius Flitwick, and the house ghost is the Grey Lady. According to Rowling, Ravenclaw corresponds roughly to the element of air.^[11] The founder of this house is Rowena Ravenclaw.

The dormitories are in Ravenclaw Tower, on the west side of Hogwarts. The common room is round and filled with blue hangings and armchairs, has a domed ceiling painted with stars and features a replica statue of Rowena wearing her diadem. Harry also notes that Ravenclaws «have a spectacular view of the surrounding mountains». A logical riddle must be solved to gain entry, whereas the Gryffindor and Slytherin common rooms only require a password. Professor McGonagall, the head of the Gryffindor House, solves the riddle accurately.

Slytherin

Slytherin values ambition, cunning, leadership, and resourcefulness; the Sorting Hat said in Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone that Slytherins will do anything to get their way. The house mascot of Slytherin is the serpent, and the house colours are green and silver. Throughout the series, until the seventh book, the Head of House is Professor Severus Snape. Then, the previous Head of House Professor Horace Slughorn comes out of retirement, re-assuming authority after Snape becomes headmaster. The ghost of Slytherin house is Bloody Baron.^[15] According to Rowling, Slytherin corresponds roughly to the element of water.^[11] The founder of this house is Salazar Slytherin.

The Slytherin dormitories and common room are reached by speaking a password to a patch of bare stone wall in the dungeons, which causes a hidden door to open. The Slytherin common room is a long, low, dungeon-style room, under the Hogwarts Lake, furnished with green lamps and carved armchairs. The room is described in the second book as having a greenish glow.

The Sorting Hat claims that blood purity is a factor in selecting Slytherins, although this is not mentioned until the fifth book. There is no reason to believe, however, that Muggle-born students are not sorted there, merely that pure-blooded students are more desirable to that house, as there are several examples of half-bloods in the house – such as Snape and Tom Riddle/Voldemort – and Harry himself was only excluded from the house at his own insistence. In Deathly Hallows, a group of Snatchers claim that «not many Mudbloods» are sorted into Slytherin.

When believing Harry to be dead and thinking that he has final victory in his grasp, Voldemort proclaims his intention to abolish the other three houses and force all Hogwarts students into Slytherin. This design is foiled by his defeat and death, after which Slytherin becomes more diluted in its blood purity, no longer remaining the pure-blood bastion it once was.

Subjects and teachers

Being a school of magic, many subjects at Hogwarts differ from the studies of a typical school. Some subjects, such as History of Magic, derive from non-wizard – or muggle – subjects, but many others, such as charms and apparition classes, are unique to the wizarding world.
There are twelve named teachers (referred to as Professors), each specialising in a single subject. All professors are overseen by a school head and deputy head. Transfiguration, Defence Against the Dark Arts, Charms, Potions, Astronomy, History of Magic, and Herbology are compulsory subjects for the first five years, as well as flying lessons. At the end of their second year, students are required to add at least two optional subjects to their syllabus for the start of the third year. The five choices are Arithmancy, Muggle Studies, Divination, Study of Ancient Runes and Care of Magical Creatures. According to J.K. Rowling, «very specialised subjects such as alchemy are sometimes offered in the final two years, if there is sufficient demand.»^[16]

At the end of their fifth year, students take the Ordinary Wizarding Level (O.W.L.) examinations for all subjects in which they are enrolled.^{[citation needed]} Each examination consists of a written knowledge test and, where applicable, a practical demonstration of skills before a panel of proctors from the Ministry of Magic. Students who achieve a high enough O.W.L. grade in a particular subject may take its advanced course for the final two years, in preparation for the Nastily Exhausting Wizarding Tests (N.E.W.T.) given at the end of the seventh year.

Daily life

The day begins at Hogwarts with breakfast in the Great Hall. Students sit at their own House table and can eat and socialise, or finish homework. The Headmaster or Headmistress eats with the professors at the High Table placed at the far end of the hall. During breakfast, owls bring in the students’ post, generally consisting of The Daily Prophet, letters from parents or friends, or packages from home. A bell signals the start of the first class of the morning at 9 am.

There are two long morning classes with a short break in between them for students to get to their next class. After lunch, classes resume at 1 pm, and there is a break around afternoon teatime before another class period. The classes are about one hour in length, with occasional double periods lasting two hours. Classes end around five o’clock. First-year students get Friday afternoons off, while sixth- and seventh-year students have several free periods during the week. In the evening, students eat their dinner in the Great Hall, after which they are expected to be in their common rooms. Astronomy classes take place late at night in the Astronomy Tower.

The four House dormitories have secret entrances, generally known only to members of that house and require a password (Gryffindor & Slytherin), riddle answer (Ravenclaw) or ritual (Hufflepuff) in order to gain entrance. Inside is the common room, which contains armchairs and sofas for the pupils and tables for studying and homework. There are fireplaces to keep the rooms warm, and students either relax here in the evenings or else complete their homework, but may complete their work in the bedroom. There are notice boards in each common room and at other strategic points throughout the school. The students sleep in their House dormitories, which branch off from the common rooms. Each dormitory gets at least two rooms; one for boys and one for girls (an enchantment prevents boys from entering the girls’ area, although there is no spell to prevent the reverse from occurring). Each student sleeps in a large four-poster bed with bed covers and heavy curtains in the House colours, and thick white pillows. There is a bedside table for each bed, and each dormitory has a jug of water and goblets on a tray.

On designated weekends, Hogwarts students in their third year or higher, with a signed permission slip, are permitted to walk to the nearby wizarding village of Hogsmeade, where they can relax and enjoy the pubs, restaurants and shops. There appears to be a good relationship between the school and the village, and the students get on well with the locals. Favourite places in Hogsmeade include Honeydukes Sweetshop, Zonko’s Joke Shop, clothing stores such as Gladrags Wizardwear, the Shrieking Shack (regarded as the most haunted building in Britain), the pubs The Three Broomsticks and The Hog’s Head, and Madam Puddifoot’s coffee shop.

Food

The house-elves at Hogwarts amongst other duties provide all food to students and staff. They cook a wide variety of dishes especially at the feasts. The various dishes are prepared in the kitchens directly below the Great Hall. Within the kitchen are four long tables directly aligned with the house tables in the great hall above. At meal times the food is magically transported up, appearing directly in front of the students.^[17]

Discipline

Apart from losing points from a house, serious misdeeds at Hogwarts are punishable by detention. Whenever a student loses a house point, their house jewels (ruby for Gryffindors, emeralds for Slytherin, sapphires for Ravenclaw, and diamonds for Hufflepuff) are taken away from a glass hourglass located in every classroom. The same goes for adding points to the specific house, although the teacher or prefect must conjure the gems from thin air.

According to the school caretaker, Argus Filch, detention meant subjection to various forms of corporal punishment until recently. Arthur Weasley claimed still to bear physical scars inflicted by Apollyon Pringle, Filch’s predecessor. In present times, however, detention usually involves assisting staff or faculty with tedious tasks. Examples of detention include the one imposed on Harry by Umbridge in Order of the Phoenix. In this case, Harry was forced to write, «I must not tell lies» repeatedly using a magical quill which then carves what is written into the back of the writer’s hand. However, most teachers at the school never use this cruel punishment. In another case, when Snape caught Harry using the Sectumsempra curse on Draco, he was forced to go through over a thousand boxes of files describing wrongdoers at Hogwarts and their punishments. Harry was supposed to order them in alphabetical order, and rewrite the cards whose words were hard to see or otherwise damaged. The Weasley twins Fred and George had a whole drawer of these cards.

For even more serious offences, students may be suspended or even expelled from Hogwarts. Harry and Ron are threatened with expulsion after crashing Ron’s car into the Whomping Willow at the start of their second year, and Harry is expelled before the start of his fifth year (although the sentence is quickly changed to a disciplinary hearing) after he is detected using magic in the presence of Muggles, a serious offence among the wizarding community. Dumbledore argued in Harry’s defence, stating that it was done in self-defence, and that the Ministry has no authority to expel students – such powers are invested in the Headmaster and the Board of Governors. Snape has attempted to have Harry expelled, and he attempted to have Harry’s father, James Potter, expelled when they were at Hogwarts together. The only student known to have been expelled is Hagrid, for the murder of Myrtle with an acromantula believed to be the Monster of Slytherin and for opening the Chamber of Secrets – crimes for which Tom Riddle had framed him.

Professors seem to be able to punish students with relative impunity and can hand out detention, even for unsatisfactory grades. Enforcement of rules outside of class mainly falls to the caretaker, with the assistance of the prefects. A student’s Head of House usually has the final say in disciplinary matters. However, during Umbridge’s tenure at Hogwarts, she quickly obtains the power to have the final say in disciplinary actions, due to an Educational Decree (one of many) passed by Minister for Magic Cornelius Fudge.

In the summer before their fifth year, two fifth year students from each House are picked to be prefects, which grants them privileges and responsibilities and disciplinary responsibilities. The leaders of the student body, the Head Boy and Head Girl, are drawn from the seventh year students. Prefects have the authority to give detentions for infractions.

Castle and grounds

J. K. Rowling says she visualises Hogwarts, in its entirety, to be:

A huge, rambling, quite scary-looking castle, with a jumble of towers and battlements. Like the Weasleys’ house, it isn’t a building that Muggles could build, because it is supported by magic.^[1]

In the novels, Hogwarts is somewhere in Scotland^[18] (the film Prisoner of Azkaban says that Dufftown is near). The school is depicted as having numerous charms and spells on and around it that make it impossible for a Muggle to locate it. Muggles cannot see the school; rather, they see only ruins and several warnings of danger.^[GF Ch.11] The castle’s setting is described as having extensive grounds with sloping lawns, flowerbeds and vegetable patches, a loch (called The Black Lake), a large dense forest (called the Forbidden Forest), several greenhouses and other outbuildings, and a full-size Quidditch pitch. There is also an owlery, which houses all the owls owned by the school and those owned by students. Some rooms in the school tend to «move around», and so do the stairs in the grand staircase.^[19] Witches and wizards cannot Apparate or Disapparate in Hogwarts grounds, except when the Headmaster lifts the enchantment, whether only in certain areas or for the entire campus, so as to make the school less vulnerable when it serves the headmaster to allow Apparition.^[GF Ch.28] Electricity and electronic devices are not found at Hogwarts. In Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, Hermione indicates that due to the high levels of magic, «substitutes for magic (that) Muggles use» such as computers, radar and electricity «go haywire» around Hogwarts. Radios however, make an exception. Rowling explains this by saying that the radios are not powered by electricity but by magic.

Hogwarts is on the shore of a lake, sometimes called the Black Lake. In that lake are merpeople, Grindylows, and a giant squid. The giant squid does not attack humans and sometimes acts as a lifeguard when students are in the lake. The castle and its grounds are home to many secret areas as well as well-known and well-used places.

Hiding place of the Philosopher’s Stone

Accessed by entering a trapdoor in the forbidden corridor on the third floor, and protected by a gauntlet of seven magical challenges set up by the teachers.

• A giant three-headed dog named Fluffy placed specially to guard the trapdoor by Hagrid.
• Devil’s Snare, grown by Professor Sprout.
• A room containing dozens of keys, charmed by Flitwick to sprout wings and fly near the ceiling. One of these keys will unlock the door to the next section. However, in the film adaptation, the keys attack the seeker of the Stone.
• A large chessboard with an army of large chessmen, transfigured by McGonagall. To continue to the door on the opposite side, the person in question must beat the chessmen at a game of wizards’ chess where the player must risk his life if he loses. Ron and Professor Quirrell are the only wizards to win the game of wizards’ chess.
• A room with a large troll inside. This is Quirrell’s challenge. In the book, Quirrell had knocked out his own troll to get to the last room and thus the trio did not have to fight it; in the film, it does not appear, but it appears in the PS1 and Game Boy Color version of the game.
• A series of potions, brewed by Snape. A logical riddle, not magic, has to be solved. There are two doors, blocked by fire. One potion will allow the person to exit the way he or she arrived, another will allow him or her to continue to the next chamber, two are nettle wine, and the other three are poison. This challenge does not appear in the film, but does in the video game adaptation.
• The Mirror of Erised can be found in the final chamber, further enchanted by Dumbledore to bestow the Philosopher’s Stone upon a seeker only hoping to acquire the stone but not use it for selfish means.

Chamber of Secrets

The Chamber of Secrets, which is deep under the school (most likely under the lake),^[20] was home to an ancient Basilisk, intended to be used to purge the school of Muggle-born students. Salazar Slytherin, one of the founders of Hogwarts, built the Chamber before he left the school.

The entrance to the Chamber is hidden in the second-floor girls’ lavatory (haunted by Moaning Myrtle). One of the sink taps has a snake scratched into its side; when a command in Parseltongue is spoken, it opens to reveal the mouth of a dark, slimy chute, wide enough to slide down, that gives onto a stone tunnel. There are many skeletons of small animals littering the floor and even a gigantic skin shed by the Basilisk. The tunnel leads to a solid wall, carved with two entwined serpents with emeralds for eyes.^[20] At a command in Parseltongue, the wall opens to expose a long, dim corridor, lined with monumental statues of snakes, including two rows of towering stone pillars with more carved serpents that brace the ceiling. A colossal statue of Salazar Slytherin, looking ancient and monkey-like, is at the centre. The Basilisk rested inside the statue and emerged from its mouth when the Heir of Slytherin, Tom Riddle, summoned it.^[21]
In his second year at Hogwarts, Harry uses Parseltongue to open the chamber and destroys the diary containing the embodied memory of a 16-year-old Tom Riddle from his own days at Hogwarts and also slays the basilisk. It is later revealed that the diary was a Horcrux.
In Deathly Hallows, Ron and Hermione enter the Chamber. Ron opens the door (despite not speaking Parseltongue) by imitating sounds he heard Harry use to open Slytherin’s locket. They pull a basilisk fang from its skeleton to use to destroy the Horcrux made from Helga Hufflepuff’s cup.

When Tom Riddle opened the Chamber, Myrtle was sulking in a stall after being teased by student Olive Hornby. She opened the door, intending to tell him to leave, but died immediately upon meeting the Basilisk’s gaze and decided to become a ghost to get revenge on Hornby.^[20] The bathroom remains operational, but is rarely used by students because of Myrtle’s disagreeable presence and her habit of flooding it when she is distraught.

The film’s depiction of the Chamber has snake heads in place of the pillars and Slytherin’s statue is only his head. Rowling reveals in the book Harry Potter Page to Screen; The Complete Filmmaking Journey that the Chamber has flooded since its creation under unknown circumstances.

As shown in Deathly Hallows, the Chamber of Secrets does not appear on the Marauder’s Map.

Passages

There are usually seven secret passages in and out of the school, and in addition, the series describes the use of twin vanishing cabinets to create another. Filch knows of just four of these while the Marauders (James Potter, Sirius Black, Remus Lupin, Peter Pettigrew) and the Weasley twins know of all seven, though where some lead is unknown. The Room of Requirement may, on occasion, create an eighth passage out of the school. The only known instance of this occurring is a passage to the Hog’s Head that forms in Deathly Hallows. Due to the nature of the Room of Requirement, it is possible that several passages to different locations could be accessed from the Room. The three passages out of Hogwarts that Filch does not know about are:

• A passage beneath the Whomping Willow, leading to the Shrieking Shack.
• A passage behind a mirror on the fourth floor, which is caved in. It leads to Hogsmeade, but it is not known exactly where.
• A passage beneath the one-eyed witch statue by the stairs to the Defence Against the Dark Arts classroom, leading to the cellar of Honeydukes. Speaking aloud the word ‘Dissendium’ to the witch allows access to this passage; the hump on the statue then opens and reveals the hidden passageway.

A further link between two vanishing cabinets, one in the school and the other in Borgin and Burkes in Knockturn Alley presumably works until Chamber of Secrets when Peeves (persuaded by Nearly Headless Nick) smashes the Hogwarts cabinet. The passage is reopened in Half-Blood Prince when Draco Malfoy fixes the cabinet. This passage is not shown on the Marauder’s Map as it is not part of the castle itself.

Besides passages in and out of the school, there are also numerous short-cuts that lead from one part of the castle to another. These are often concealed in such fashions as a tapestry which hides a hole in the wall.

Room of Requirement

On the seventh floor opposite an enormous tapestry depicting Barnabas the Barmy attempting to train trolls for the ballet, the Room of Requirement appears only when someone is in need of it. To make it appear, one must walk past its hidden entrance three times while concentrating on what is needed. The room will then appear, outfitted with whatever is required. To the Hogwarts house-elves, it is also known as the Come and Go Room.

Dumbledore is the first to mention the room, noting that he discovered it at five-thirty in the morning, filled with chamber pots when he was trying to find a toilet. However, Dumbledore did not appear to know the Room’s secrets. Dobby later told Harry of the Room in detail and admitted to frequently bringing Winky to the room to cure her bouts of Butterbeer-induced drunkenness, finding it full of antidotes and a «nice elf-sized bed.» Filch was said to find cleaning supplies here when he had run out; when Fred and George needed a place to hide, it would appear as a broom cupboard. Trelawney also makes a habit of using it to hide her empty sherry bottles after she is sacked in Order of the Phoenix. It would seem that when one wishes to hide something it produces the same room for everyone: the Room of Hidden Things, which is full of many centuries worth of abandoned objects, such as broken furniture, books, and in one case a dead quintaped (for more information see Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them), which were presumably forgotten by their owners.

Harry learns of the room’s abilities from Dobby in Order of the Phoenix, finding it the perfect location for his Dumbledore’s Army meetings, during which it is filled with bookcases full of Defence Against the Dark Arts volumes, many different kinds of Dark Detectors, and a plethora of floor cushions for practising defensive spells. When the D.A. is betrayed, the room is left open, and Pansy Parkinson is able to retrieve the list of members of the organisation. In Half-Blood Prince Harry uses the Room of Hidden Things to stash his copy of Advanced Potion-Making, describing it as the size of a large cathedral and packed to overflowing with items hidden by Hogwarts inhabitants over the years, such as old potions, clothing, ruined furniture, an old tiara (which happens to be one of Voldemort’s Horcruxes), or books which are «no doubt banned or graffitied or stolen.» He later realises that Draco has been using the room in this state to hide and repair the Vanishing Cabinet to use it to smuggle Death Eaters into Hogwarts. Ironically, while Harry tries many times to get into the Room of Requirement to see what Draco is doing, the only time he succeeds to get into the room (and he is not thinking about Draco), he gains access to the room where Malfoy has been working.

In Deathly Hallows, the students who need a place to hide from the Carrows, two Death Eater professors, use the room. It is also revealed that the Room of Requirement’s current version can change while still occupied, though should a completely different version be required (e.g. the Room of Hidden Things instead of DA Headquarters) the room must be empty. The Room can also answer to the desire of the wizard within the room, such as providing Harry with a whistle when he needed one during a Dumbledore’s Army meeting, or creating a passage to the Hog’s Head (as the room cannot produce food). Later, Ravenclaw’s diadem is found to be one of Voldemort’s Horcruxes and has been hidden in the Room of Hidden Things by Voldemort. Harry, Ron, and Hermione enter the Room, with Harry knowing that he must look for a place to hide things, and find the tiara; but they are ambushed by Draco, Crabbe and Goyle. The diadem is finally destroyed when Crabbe fills this version of the Room with what Hermione believes to have been Fiendfyre; a destructive magical fire. It is not known if the room continues to function after the events of Deathly Hallows; Ron expresses concern that it may have been ruined in all of its forms by the cursed fire.

Due to the Room of Requirement not being in a fixed location, it is one of the select locations in Hogwarts that does not appear on the Marauder’s Map.

Forbidden Forest

The Forbidden Forest is a large, dark enchanted forest in the boundaries of the school grounds. It is usually referred to simply as «the Forest» and in the film series as the «Dark Forest». It is strictly forbidden to all students, except during Care of Magical Creatures lessons and, on rare occasions, detentions.

Among the plant species within the Forest are trees such as beech, oak, pine, sycamore, yew and knotgrass and thorn undergrowth. Though the Forest is vastly dense and wild, there are a few paths and clearings. Hagrid, who frequently travels into the Forest for various reasons, mostly makes these trails. The Forest is also home to an assortment of creatures, many of them dangerous.

In 2017, a Forbidden Forest expansion was added to the Warner Bros. Studio Tour London — The Making of Harry Potter, enabling fans to explore it for the first time.^[22]

Hogwarts Express

Hogwarts Express
Legend
King’s Cross London King’s Cross railway station   Hogsmeade Station   Hogsmeade

The Hogwarts Express is a train that carries pupils non-stop from Platform 9+3⁄4 at King’s Cross station in London to Hogsmeade Station, near Hogwarts. Prefects of the school ride in a separate carriage near the front of the train. The compartments on the train appear to be lettered; in Half-Blood Prince, the «Slug Club» meets in compartment C.

The train began use in the 1850s. Before that, pupils used to reach Hogwarts on brooms or enchanted carriages.^[23]

The steam engine used in the film adaptations is the GWR 4900 Class 5972 Olton Hall, but it was not the first locomotive to be disguised as the Hogwarts Express. To promote the books, the Southern Railway locomotive 34027 Taw Valley was repainted and renamed temporarily, but was rejected by director Chris Columbus as looking ‘too modern’ for the film. Filming locations for the Hogwarts Express sequences include Goathland on the North Yorkshire Moors Railway, Kings Cross railway station and the route of the Jacobite Express which follows the West Highland Line from Fort William to Mallaig in Scotland, as it crosses the Glenfinnan Viaduct.^[24]

Several model trains have been made of the Hogwarts Express. An 00 gauge is produced by Hornby, though this is of a Castle Class locomotive rather than the Hall Class used in the films. A three-rail H0 gauge model is produced by Märklin, and a two-rail H0/00 was produced in the early 2000s by Bachmann. Several now-discontinued L gauge models have been produced by LEGO. Lionel has released an O gauge set in their 2007 catalogue and a G gauge set for 2008.^[25][26]

A completely functioning full-scale replica of the Hogwarts Express was created for The Wizarding World of Harry Potter’s expansion at Universal Orlando Resort connecting King’s Cross Station at the Diagon Alley expansion in Universal Studios Florida to the Hogsmeade station at Islands of Adventure,^[27] manufactured by Doppelmayr Garaventa Group in the form of a funicular railway people mover.^[28] The Hogwarts Express King’s Cross Station features a wall between Platforms 9 and 10, where guests can «walk through» to get to Platform 9+3⁄4, as in the first film.

• 

  Crowds of people around 5972 in York, which had worked an enthusiast special from Manchester in June 2014.

Creation for books and films

Rowling has suggested that she may have inadvertently taken the name from the hogwort plant (Croton capitatus), which she had seen at Kew Gardens some time before writing the series,^[29] although the names «The Hogwarts» and «Hoggwart» appear in the 1954 Nigel Molesworth book How to Be Topp by Geoffrey Willans.^[30][31] The name «Hogwart» also appears in the 1986 Labyrinth fantasy film.^[32]

Most exterior scenes were shot on location at Alnwick Castle, but views of the exterior of the entire school were created from shots of Durham Cathedral with a digital spire added to the towers. Durham Cathedral also served as a set for Hogwarts interiors.

A scale model was created for exterior shots of the entire school. Models of Alnwick Castle and Durham Cathedral were also built to create more integration between the model and on location shots. It took a team of 86 artists and crew members 74 years worth of man hours to complete the model.^[33]

In popular culture

Hogwarts school was voted as the 36th best Scottish educational establishment in a 2008 online ranking, outranking Edinburgh’s Loretto School. According to a director of the Independent Schools Network Rankings, it was added to the schools listing «for fun» and was then voted on.^[34]

In translation

Most translations keep the name ‘Hogwarts’, transcribing it if necessary. For example, in Arabic it is transcribed as هوغوورتس = Hūghwūrts, in Russian as Хогвартс = Khogvarts, in Japanese as ホグワーツ = Hoguwātsu, in Bengali as হগওয়ার্টস = Hogowarts, in Greek as Χόγκουαρτς = Hóguarts, and in simplified Chinese as 霍格沃茨 = Huògéwòcí.^[35]

However, some translations translate or otherwise adapt the name: French Poudlard (lard = «bacon»),^[35] Latvian Cūkkārpas shortened from cūka = «pig» + kārpas = «warts», Dutch Zweinstein modified from zwijnsteen = «pig rock»,^[35] Norwegian Bokmål Galtvort (galt = boar, vort = wart) (Nynorsk keeps «Hogwarts«), Finnish Tylypahka (pahka = «wart»), Hungarian Roxfort (playing with the name of Oxford in tribute to Harry Potter’s home country),^[35] Slovenian Bradavičarka (bradavice = «warts»)), Czech Bradavice means simply «warts».^[35] The Ancient Greek translation of the school is «Ὑογοήτου Παιδευτήριον τὸ τῆς Γοητείας καὶ Μαγείας», loosely translating to «Hogwizard’s School of Wizardry and Magic», Ὑογοήτου replacing «Hogwarts» and derived from the ancient Greek words ὑo- (hog) and γοητής (wizard).

See also

• Albus Dumbledore
• Loch Shiel

References

External links

• Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry on Harry Potter Wiki, an external wiki
• Hogwarts Castle on Harry Potter Wiki, an external wiki
• The Harry Potter Lexicon’s Hogwarts Atlas featuring numerous images of Hogwarts. hplex.info.
• The Marauder’s Map from the Warner Bros website, harrypotter.warnerbros.co.uk

Not to be confused with Hogwort.

Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry
Studio model of Hogwarts at Leavesden Studios
Universe	Wizarding World
First appearance	Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone (1997)
Most recent appearance	Fantastic Beasts: The Secrets of Dumbledore (2022)
In-universe information
Type	Selective school Secondary school Boarding school
Founded	c. 9th/10th century
Location	Scotland
Owner	Ministry of Magic
Purpose	Training for children with magical abilities[1]
Motto	Latin: Draco dormiens nunquam titillandus («Never Tickle a Sleeping Dragon»)[2]

Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry () is a fictional Scottish boarding school of magic for students aged eleven to eighteen, and is the primary setting for the first six books in J. K. Rowling’s Harry Potter series and serves as a major setting in the Wizarding World universe.^[3]

History

Establishment

Founded in the 10th century by Godric Gryffindor, Rowena Ravenclaw, Helga Hufflepuff and Salazar Slytherin, Hogwarts was established in the Highlands of Scotland to educate young wizards and witches as well as to keep students safe from muggle persecution. Theory has it that Rowena Ravenclaw came up with the name of Hogwarts after dreaming of a warty hog that led her to a cliff by a lake.^[4] Since then, Hogwarts educated most wizarding children with residence in Great Britain and Ireland, keeping its location hidden from other wizarding schools and muggles.

Middle ages

About three hundred years after the school was founded, the Triwizard Tournament was established as an interscholastic competition among the three most prestigious magical schools in Europe: Hogwarts, Beauxbatons, and Durmstrang. The tournament continued for six centuries before being discontinued. An attempt was made in the 1994–1995 school year to revive the tournament, but the consequential death of Cedric Diggory resulted in its permanent discontinuation.^{[citation needed]}

Academics and traditions

Hogwarts is a coeducational, secondary boarding school, taking children from ages eleven to seventeen.^[3] Education at Hogwarts is not compulsory, with some students being home schooled as stated in the seventh book. Rowling initially said there are about one thousand students at Hogwarts.^[5] She later suggested around six hundred, while acknowledging that this number was still inconsistent with the small number of people in Harry’s year. She further explained that this had resulted from her creating only 40 characters for Harry’s year.^[6]

Admission

According to the novels, admission to Hogwarts is selective, in that children who show magical ability will automatically gain a place,^[7] and squibs cannot attend the school as students (though they can work there in other roles, as Argus Filch does).^[8] A magical quill at Hogwarts detects the birth of magical children and writes their names into a large parchment book,^[1] but there is no admission test because «you are either magical or you are not.»^[7] Every year, a teacher checks this book and sends a letter to the children who are turning eleven. Acceptance or refusal of a place at Hogwarts must be posted by 31 July. The letter also contains a list of supplies like spell books, uniform, and other things that the student will need. The prospective student is expected to buy all the necessary materials, normally from shops in Diagon Alley, a concealed street near Charing Cross Road in London that can be found behind the wizarding pub, The Leaky Cauldron. Students who cannot afford their supplies can receive financial aid from the school, as happened with the young orphan Tom Riddle.

Letters to Muggle-born witches and wizards, who may not be aware of their powers and are unfamiliar with the concealed wizarding world, are delivered in person by a member of Hogwarts staff, who then explains to the parents or guardians about magical society, and reassures them regarding this news.^[HP7]

Though the school is in Great Britain, its catchment area is the wider British Isles, as Irish students can also attend.

Each student is allowed to bring an owl, a cat or a toad. Along with the acceptance letter, first-year students are sent a list of required equipment which includes a wand, subject books, a standard size 2 pewter cauldron, a set of brass scales, a set of glass or crystal phials, a kit of basic potion ingredients (for Potions), and a telescope (for Astronomy). The Hogwarts uniform consists of plain work robes in black, a plain black hat, a pair of protective gloves, and a black winter cloak with silver fastenings. Each uniform must contain the wearer’s nametag. First years are not allowed a broomstick of their own, though an exception to this rule is made for Harry Potter in his first year after he demonstrates an excellent ability as a Seeker in Quidditch.

Arrival

The primary mode of transport to Hogwarts is the Hogwarts Express that students take at the start of each school year. Students board the train from the also fictional and hidden Platform 9¾ at King’s Cross station in London. The train arrives at Hogsmeade station near Hogwarts, some time after nightfall.

From there, first-year students are accompanied by the «Keeper of the Keys, Game and Grounds» (which was Hagrid during the first novel) to small boats, which magically sail across the lake and get them near the entrance of Hogwarts. The older students ride up to the castle in carriages pulled by creatures called Thestrals. When the first-year students initially arrive at the castle, they wait in a small chamber off the entrance hall until the older students have taken their seats, and then enter the Great Hall for the Sorting Ceremony to determine their House assignments. As Professor Minerva McGonagall said in Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone, «The Sorting is a very important ceremony because, while you are here, your House will be something like your family within Hogwarts. You will have classes with the rest of your House, sleep in your House dormitory, and spend free time in your House common room.»
After the Sorting Hat sings a song, each student in turn is seated upon the stool in front of the rest of the student body. The Hat is placed on the student’s head, whereupon it examines his or her mind and assigns them to one of the four Houses based on abilities, personality, and preferences. After the Sorting Ceremony, the students and teachers enjoy a feast, prepared by the Hogwarts house-elves. If Dumbledore is feeling cheerful, he will lead the students in singing the school song.^[9]

Houses

Hogwarts is divided into four houses, each bearing the last name of its founder: Godric Gryffindor, Salazar Slytherin, Rowena Ravenclaw and Helga Hufflepuff. Throughout the school year, the houses compete for the House Cup, gaining and losing points based on actions such as performance in class and rule violations. The house with the highest end-of-year total wins and has its colours displayed in the Great Hall for the following school year. Each house also has its own Quidditch team that competes for the Quidditch Cup. These two competitions breed rivalries between the houses. Houses at Hogwarts are living and learning communities for their students. Each house is under the authority of one of the Hogwarts staff members. The Heads of the houses, as they are called, are in charge of giving their students important information, dealing with matters of severe punishment, and responding to emergencies in their houses, among other things. The dormitory and common room of a House are, barring rare exceptions, inaccessible to students belonging to other Houses; however, different houses will share classes as they are based on year group rather than House.

In the early days of Hogwarts, the four founders hand-picked students for their Houses. When the founders worried how students would be selected after their deaths, Godric Gryffindor took his hat off and they each added knowledge to it, allowing the Sorting Hat to choose the students by judging each student’s qualities and placing them in the most appropriate house. The student’s own choices may affect the decision: the clearest example is the Hat telling Harry that he would do well in Slytherin in the first book, but ultimately selecting Gryffindor after Harry asks it not to put him in Slytherin.

The translators of the books’ foreign editions had difficulty translating the «house» concept; in countries where this system does not exist, no word could adequately convey the importance of belonging to a house, the loyalty owed to it, and the pride taken in prizes won by the house.^[10]

Gryffindor

Gryffindor values courage, bravery, nerve, and chivalry. Gryffindor’s mascot is the lion, and its colours are scarlet red and gold (maroon and gold on the ties and scarves). During the books, the Head of this house is the Transfiguration Professor and Deputy Headmistress, Minerva McGonagall until she becomes headmistress, and the house ghost is Sir Nicholas de Mimsy-Porpington, more commonly known as Nearly Headless Nick. According to Rowling, Gryffindor corresponds roughly to the element of fire.^[11] The founder of the house is Godric Gryffindor.

The Gryffindor common room is in one of the castle’s highest towers, and its entrance is on the seventh floor in the east wing of the castle and is guarded by a painting of The Fat Lady, who is garbed in a pink dress. She permits entry only after being given the correct password, as was established in the third book, when Sirius Black tried forcing entry into the tower, only to be blocked by The Fat Lady after he could not give the correct password. In the first book, Neville Longbottom tends to forget the password and must wait near the painting until other Gryffindors arrive to open the way.^[12]

Hufflepuff

Hufflepuff values hard work, patience, justice, and loyalty. The house mascot is the badger, and canary yellow and black (or golden yellow and graphite in the Fantastic Beasts films) are its colours. During the books, the Head of this house is the Herbology Professor Pomona Sprout, and the house ghost is the Fat Friar. According to Rowling, Hufflepuff corresponds roughly to the element of earth.^[11] The founder of this house is Helga Hufflepuff.

The entrance to the Hufflepuff dormitories and common room entrance is concealed in a pile of large barrels in an alcove in the corridor that holds the kitchen. To enter, one must tap the barrel two from the bottom in the middle of the second row in the rhythm of «Helga Hufflepuff». Unlike any other house, the Hufflepuff common room has a repelling device that douses the illegal entrant in vinegar if the wrong lid is tapped or the rhythm is wrong.^[13] The Hufflepuff common room is filled with yellow hangings and fat armchairs and it has little tunnels leading to the dormitories, all of which have perfectly round doors, like barrel tops.^[14]

Ravenclaw

Ravenclaw values intelligence, learning, wisdom and wit.^[HP5][HP7] The house mascot is an eagle and the house colours are blue and bronze (blue and silver in the Harry Potter and Fantastic Beasts films and on the ties and scarves). During the books, the head of this house is the Charms teacher, Professor Filius Flitwick, and the house ghost is the Grey Lady. According to Rowling, Ravenclaw corresponds roughly to the element of air.^[11] The founder of this house is Rowena Ravenclaw.

The dormitories are in Ravenclaw Tower, on the west side of Hogwarts. The common room is round and filled with blue hangings and armchairs, has a domed ceiling painted with stars and features a replica statue of Rowena wearing her diadem. Harry also notes that Ravenclaws «have a spectacular view of the surrounding mountains». A logical riddle must be solved to gain entry, whereas the Gryffindor and Slytherin common rooms only require a password. Professor McGonagall, the head of the Gryffindor House, solves the riddle accurately.

Slytherin

Slytherin values ambition, cunning, leadership, and resourcefulness; the Sorting Hat said in Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone that Slytherins will do anything to get their way. The house mascot of Slytherin is the serpent, and the house colours are green and silver. Throughout the series, until the seventh book, the Head of House is Professor Severus Snape. Then, the previous Head of House Professor Horace Slughorn comes out of retirement, re-assuming authority after Snape becomes headmaster. The ghost of Slytherin house is Bloody Baron.^[15] According to Rowling, Slytherin corresponds roughly to the element of water.^[11] The founder of this house is Salazar Slytherin.

The Slytherin dormitories and common room are reached by speaking a password to a patch of bare stone wall in the dungeons, which causes a hidden door to open. The Slytherin common room is a long, low, dungeon-style room, under the Hogwarts Lake, furnished with green lamps and carved armchairs. The room is described in the second book as having a greenish glow.

The Sorting Hat claims that blood purity is a factor in selecting Slytherins, although this is not mentioned until the fifth book. There is no reason to believe, however, that Muggle-born students are not sorted there, merely that pure-blooded students are more desirable to that house, as there are several examples of half-bloods in the house – such as Snape and Tom Riddle/Voldemort – and Harry himself was only excluded from the house at his own insistence. In Deathly Hallows, a group of Snatchers claim that «not many Mudbloods» are sorted into Slytherin.

When believing Harry to be dead and thinking that he has final victory in his grasp, Voldemort proclaims his intention to abolish the other three houses and force all Hogwarts students into Slytherin. This design is foiled by his defeat and death, after which Slytherin becomes more diluted in its blood purity, no longer remaining the pure-blood bastion it once was.

Subjects and teachers

Being a school of magic, many subjects at Hogwarts differ from the studies of a typical school. Some subjects, such as History of Magic, derive from non-wizard – or muggle – subjects, but many others, such as charms and apparition classes, are unique to the wizarding world.
There are twelve named teachers (referred to as Professors), each specialising in a single subject. All professors are overseen by a school head and deputy head. Transfiguration, Defence Against the Dark Arts, Charms, Potions, Astronomy, History of Magic, and Herbology are compulsory subjects for the first five years, as well as flying lessons. At the end of their second year, students are required to add at least two optional subjects to their syllabus for the start of the third year. The five choices are Arithmancy, Muggle Studies, Divination, Study of Ancient Runes and Care of Magical Creatures. According to J.K. Rowling, «very specialised subjects such as alchemy are sometimes offered in the final two years, if there is sufficient demand.»^[16]

At the end of their fifth year, students take the Ordinary Wizarding Level (O.W.L.) examinations for all subjects in which they are enrolled.^{[citation needed]} Each examination consists of a written knowledge test and, where applicable, a practical demonstration of skills before a panel of proctors from the Ministry of Magic. Students who achieve a high enough O.W.L. grade in a particular subject may take its advanced course for the final two years, in preparation for the Nastily Exhausting Wizarding Tests (N.E.W.T.) given at the end of the seventh year.

Daily life

The day begins at Hogwarts with breakfast in the Great Hall. Students sit at their own House table and can eat and socialise, or finish homework. The Headmaster or Headmistress eats with the professors at the High Table placed at the far end of the hall. During breakfast, owls bring in the students’ post, generally consisting of The Daily Prophet, letters from parents or friends, or packages from home. A bell signals the start of the first class of the morning at 9 am.

There are two long morning classes with a short break in between them for students to get to their next class. After lunch, classes resume at 1 pm, and there is a break around afternoon teatime before another class period. The classes are about one hour in length, with occasional double periods lasting two hours. Classes end around five o’clock. First-year students get Friday afternoons off, while sixth- and seventh-year students have several free periods during the week. In the evening, students eat their dinner in the Great Hall, after which they are expected to be in their common rooms. Astronomy classes take place late at night in the Astronomy Tower.

The four House dormitories have secret entrances, generally known only to members of that house and require a password (Gryffindor & Slytherin), riddle answer (Ravenclaw) or ritual (Hufflepuff) in order to gain entrance. Inside is the common room, which contains armchairs and sofas for the pupils and tables for studying and homework. There are fireplaces to keep the rooms warm, and students either relax here in the evenings or else complete their homework, but may complete their work in the bedroom. There are notice boards in each common room and at other strategic points throughout the school. The students sleep in their House dormitories, which branch off from the common rooms. Each dormitory gets at least two rooms; one for boys and one for girls (an enchantment prevents boys from entering the girls’ area, although there is no spell to prevent the reverse from occurring). Each student sleeps in a large four-poster bed with bed covers and heavy curtains in the House colours, and thick white pillows. There is a bedside table for each bed, and each dormitory has a jug of water and goblets on a tray.

On designated weekends, Hogwarts students in their third year or higher, with a signed permission slip, are permitted to walk to the nearby wizarding village of Hogsmeade, where they can relax and enjoy the pubs, restaurants and shops. There appears to be a good relationship between the school and the village, and the students get on well with the locals. Favourite places in Hogsmeade include Honeydukes Sweetshop, Zonko’s Joke Shop, clothing stores such as Gladrags Wizardwear, the Shrieking Shack (regarded as the most haunted building in Britain), the pubs The Three Broomsticks and The Hog’s Head, and Madam Puddifoot’s coffee shop.

Food

The house-elves at Hogwarts amongst other duties provide all food to students and staff. They cook a wide variety of dishes especially at the feasts. The various dishes are prepared in the kitchens directly below the Great Hall. Within the kitchen are four long tables directly aligned with the house tables in the great hall above. At meal times the food is magically transported up, appearing directly in front of the students.^[17]

Discipline

Apart from losing points from a house, serious misdeeds at Hogwarts are punishable by detention. Whenever a student loses a house point, their house jewels (ruby for Gryffindors, emeralds for Slytherin, sapphires for Ravenclaw, and diamonds for Hufflepuff) are taken away from a glass hourglass located in every classroom. The same goes for adding points to the specific house, although the teacher or prefect must conjure the gems from thin air.

According to the school caretaker, Argus Filch, detention meant subjection to various forms of corporal punishment until recently. Arthur Weasley claimed still to bear physical scars inflicted by Apollyon Pringle, Filch’s predecessor. In present times, however, detention usually involves assisting staff or faculty with tedious tasks. Examples of detention include the one imposed on Harry by Umbridge in Order of the Phoenix. In this case, Harry was forced to write, «I must not tell lies» repeatedly using a magical quill which then carves what is written into the back of the writer’s hand. However, most teachers at the school never use this cruel punishment. In another case, when Snape caught Harry using the Sectumsempra curse on Draco, he was forced to go through over a thousand boxes of files describing wrongdoers at Hogwarts and their punishments. Harry was supposed to order them in alphabetical order, and rewrite the cards whose words were hard to see or otherwise damaged. The Weasley twins Fred and George had a whole drawer of these cards.

For even more serious offences, students may be suspended or even expelled from Hogwarts. Harry and Ron are threatened with expulsion after crashing Ron’s car into the Whomping Willow at the start of their second year, and Harry is expelled before the start of his fifth year (although the sentence is quickly changed to a disciplinary hearing) after he is detected using magic in the presence of Muggles, a serious offence among the wizarding community. Dumbledore argued in Harry’s defence, stating that it was done in self-defence, and that the Ministry has no authority to expel students – such powers are invested in the Headmaster and the Board of Governors. Snape has attempted to have Harry expelled, and he attempted to have Harry’s father, James Potter, expelled when they were at Hogwarts together. The only student known to have been expelled is Hagrid, for the murder of Myrtle with an acromantula believed to be the Monster of Slytherin and for opening the Chamber of Secrets – crimes for which Tom Riddle had framed him.

Professors seem to be able to punish students with relative impunity and can hand out detention, even for unsatisfactory grades. Enforcement of rules outside of class mainly falls to the caretaker, with the assistance of the prefects. A student’s Head of House usually has the final say in disciplinary matters. However, during Umbridge’s tenure at Hogwarts, she quickly obtains the power to have the final say in disciplinary actions, due to an Educational Decree (one of many) passed by Minister for Magic Cornelius Fudge.

In the summer before their fifth year, two fifth year students from each House are picked to be prefects, which grants them privileges and responsibilities and disciplinary responsibilities. The leaders of the student body, the Head Boy and Head Girl, are drawn from the seventh year students. Prefects have the authority to give detentions for infractions.

Castle and grounds

J. K. Rowling says she visualises Hogwarts, in its entirety, to be:

A huge, rambling, quite scary-looking castle, with a jumble of towers and battlements. Like the Weasleys’ house, it isn’t a building that Muggles could build, because it is supported by magic.^[1]

In the novels, Hogwarts is somewhere in Scotland^[18] (the film Prisoner of Azkaban says that Dufftown is near). The school is depicted as having numerous charms and spells on and around it that make it impossible for a Muggle to locate it. Muggles cannot see the school; rather, they see only ruins and several warnings of danger.^[GF Ch.11] The castle’s setting is described as having extensive grounds with sloping lawns, flowerbeds and vegetable patches, a loch (called The Black Lake), a large dense forest (called the Forbidden Forest), several greenhouses and other outbuildings, and a full-size Quidditch pitch. There is also an owlery, which houses all the owls owned by the school and those owned by students. Some rooms in the school tend to «move around», and so do the stairs in the grand staircase.^[19] Witches and wizards cannot Apparate or Disapparate in Hogwarts grounds, except when the Headmaster lifts the enchantment, whether only in certain areas or for the entire campus, so as to make the school less vulnerable when it serves the headmaster to allow Apparition.^[GF Ch.28] Electricity and electronic devices are not found at Hogwarts. In Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, Hermione indicates that due to the high levels of magic, «substitutes for magic (that) Muggles use» such as computers, radar and electricity «go haywire» around Hogwarts. Radios however, make an exception. Rowling explains this by saying that the radios are not powered by electricity but by magic.

Hogwarts is on the shore of a lake, sometimes called the Black Lake. In that lake are merpeople, Grindylows, and a giant squid. The giant squid does not attack humans and sometimes acts as a lifeguard when students are in the lake. The castle and its grounds are home to many secret areas as well as well-known and well-used places.

Hiding place of the Philosopher’s Stone

Accessed by entering a trapdoor in the forbidden corridor on the third floor, and protected by a gauntlet of seven magical challenges set up by the teachers.

• A giant three-headed dog named Fluffy placed specially to guard the trapdoor by Hagrid.
• Devil’s Snare, grown by Professor Sprout.
• A room containing dozens of keys, charmed by Flitwick to sprout wings and fly near the ceiling. One of these keys will unlock the door to the next section. However, in the film adaptation, the keys attack the seeker of the Stone.
• A large chessboard with an army of large chessmen, transfigured by McGonagall. To continue to the door on the opposite side, the person in question must beat the chessmen at a game of wizards’ chess where the player must risk his life if he loses. Ron and Professor Quirrell are the only wizards to win the game of wizards’ chess.
• A room with a large troll inside. This is Quirrell’s challenge. In the book, Quirrell had knocked out his own troll to get to the last room and thus the trio did not have to fight it; in the film, it does not appear, but it appears in the PS1 and Game Boy Color version of the game.
• A series of potions, brewed by Snape. A logical riddle, not magic, has to be solved. There are two doors, blocked by fire. One potion will allow the person to exit the way he or she arrived, another will allow him or her to continue to the next chamber, two are nettle wine, and the other three are poison. This challenge does not appear in the film, but does in the video game adaptation.
• The Mirror of Erised can be found in the final chamber, further enchanted by Dumbledore to bestow the Philosopher’s Stone upon a seeker only hoping to acquire the stone but not use it for selfish means.

Chamber of Secrets

The Chamber of Secrets, which is deep under the school (most likely under the lake),^[20] was home to an ancient Basilisk, intended to be used to purge the school of Muggle-born students. Salazar Slytherin, one of the founders of Hogwarts, built the Chamber before he left the school.

The entrance to the Chamber is hidden in the second-floor girls’ lavatory (haunted by Moaning Myrtle). One of the sink taps has a snake scratched into its side; when a command in Parseltongue is spoken, it opens to reveal the mouth of a dark, slimy chute, wide enough to slide down, that gives onto a stone tunnel. There are many skeletons of small animals littering the floor and even a gigantic skin shed by the Basilisk. The tunnel leads to a solid wall, carved with two entwined serpents with emeralds for eyes.^[20] At a command in Parseltongue, the wall opens to expose a long, dim corridor, lined with monumental statues of snakes, including two rows of towering stone pillars with more carved serpents that brace the ceiling. A colossal statue of Salazar Slytherin, looking ancient and monkey-like, is at the centre. The Basilisk rested inside the statue and emerged from its mouth when the Heir of Slytherin, Tom Riddle, summoned it.^[21]
In his second year at Hogwarts, Harry uses Parseltongue to open the chamber and destroys the diary containing the embodied memory of a 16-year-old Tom Riddle from his own days at Hogwarts and also slays the basilisk. It is later revealed that the diary was a Horcrux.
In Deathly Hallows, Ron and Hermione enter the Chamber. Ron opens the door (despite not speaking Parseltongue) by imitating sounds he heard Harry use to open Slytherin’s locket. They pull a basilisk fang from its skeleton to use to destroy the Horcrux made from Helga Hufflepuff’s cup.

When Tom Riddle opened the Chamber, Myrtle was sulking in a stall after being teased by student Olive Hornby. She opened the door, intending to tell him to leave, but died immediately upon meeting the Basilisk’s gaze and decided to become a ghost to get revenge on Hornby.^[20] The bathroom remains operational, but is rarely used by students because of Myrtle’s disagreeable presence and her habit of flooding it when she is distraught.

The film’s depiction of the Chamber has snake heads in place of the pillars and Slytherin’s statue is only his head. Rowling reveals in the book Harry Potter Page to Screen; The Complete Filmmaking Journey that the Chamber has flooded since its creation under unknown circumstances.

As shown in Deathly Hallows, the Chamber of Secrets does not appear on the Marauder’s Map.

Passages

There are usually seven secret passages in and out of the school, and in addition, the series describes the use of twin vanishing cabinets to create another. Filch knows of just four of these while the Marauders (James Potter, Sirius Black, Remus Lupin, Peter Pettigrew) and the Weasley twins know of all seven, though where some lead is unknown. The Room of Requirement may, on occasion, create an eighth passage out of the school. The only known instance of this occurring is a passage to the Hog’s Head that forms in Deathly Hallows. Due to the nature of the Room of Requirement, it is possible that several passages to different locations could be accessed from the Room. The three passages out of Hogwarts that Filch does not know about are:

• A passage beneath the Whomping Willow, leading to the Shrieking Shack.
• A passage behind a mirror on the fourth floor, which is caved in. It leads to Hogsmeade, but it is not known exactly where.
• A passage beneath the one-eyed witch statue by the stairs to the Defence Against the Dark Arts classroom, leading to the cellar of Honeydukes. Speaking aloud the word ‘Dissendium’ to the witch allows access to this passage; the hump on the statue then opens and reveals the hidden passageway.

A further link between two vanishing cabinets, one in the school and the other in Borgin and Burkes in Knockturn Alley presumably works until Chamber of Secrets when Peeves (persuaded by Nearly Headless Nick) smashes the Hogwarts cabinet. The passage is reopened in Half-Blood Prince when Draco Malfoy fixes the cabinet. This passage is not shown on the Marauder’s Map as it is not part of the castle itself.

Besides passages in and out of the school, there are also numerous short-cuts that lead from one part of the castle to another. These are often concealed in such fashions as a tapestry which hides a hole in the wall.

Room of Requirement

On the seventh floor opposite an enormous tapestry depicting Barnabas the Barmy attempting to train trolls for the ballet, the Room of Requirement appears only when someone is in need of it. To make it appear, one must walk past its hidden entrance three times while concentrating on what is needed. The room will then appear, outfitted with whatever is required. To the Hogwarts house-elves, it is also known as the Come and Go Room.

Dumbledore is the first to mention the room, noting that he discovered it at five-thirty in the morning, filled with chamber pots when he was trying to find a toilet. However, Dumbledore did not appear to know the Room’s secrets. Dobby later told Harry of the Room in detail and admitted to frequently bringing Winky to the room to cure her bouts of Butterbeer-induced drunkenness, finding it full of antidotes and a «nice elf-sized bed.» Filch was said to find cleaning supplies here when he had run out; when Fred and George needed a place to hide, it would appear as a broom cupboard. Trelawney also makes a habit of using it to hide her empty sherry bottles after she is sacked in Order of the Phoenix. It would seem that when one wishes to hide something it produces the same room for everyone: the Room of Hidden Things, which is full of many centuries worth of abandoned objects, such as broken furniture, books, and in one case a dead quintaped (for more information see Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them), which were presumably forgotten by their owners.

Harry learns of the room’s abilities from Dobby in Order of the Phoenix, finding it the perfect location for his Dumbledore’s Army meetings, during which it is filled with bookcases full of Defence Against the Dark Arts volumes, many different kinds of Dark Detectors, and a plethora of floor cushions for practising defensive spells. When the D.A. is betrayed, the room is left open, and Pansy Parkinson is able to retrieve the list of members of the organisation. In Half-Blood Prince Harry uses the Room of Hidden Things to stash his copy of Advanced Potion-Making, describing it as the size of a large cathedral and packed to overflowing with items hidden by Hogwarts inhabitants over the years, such as old potions, clothing, ruined furniture, an old tiara (which happens to be one of Voldemort’s Horcruxes), or books which are «no doubt banned or graffitied or stolen.» He later realises that Draco has been using the room in this state to hide and repair the Vanishing Cabinet to use it to smuggle Death Eaters into Hogwarts. Ironically, while Harry tries many times to get into the Room of Requirement to see what Draco is doing, the only time he succeeds to get into the room (and he is not thinking about Draco), he gains access to the room where Malfoy has been working.

In Deathly Hallows, the students who need a place to hide from the Carrows, two Death Eater professors, use the room. It is also revealed that the Room of Requirement’s current version can change while still occupied, though should a completely different version be required (e.g. the Room of Hidden Things instead of DA Headquarters) the room must be empty. The Room can also answer to the desire of the wizard within the room, such as providing Harry with a whistle when he needed one during a Dumbledore’s Army meeting, or creating a passage to the Hog’s Head (as the room cannot produce food). Later, Ravenclaw’s diadem is found to be one of Voldemort’s Horcruxes and has been hidden in the Room of Hidden Things by Voldemort. Harry, Ron, and Hermione enter the Room, with Harry knowing that he must look for a place to hide things, and find the tiara; but they are ambushed by Draco, Crabbe and Goyle. The diadem is finally destroyed when Crabbe fills this version of the Room with what Hermione believes to have been Fiendfyre; a destructive magical fire. It is not known if the room continues to function after the events of Deathly Hallows; Ron expresses concern that it may have been ruined in all of its forms by the cursed fire.

Due to the Room of Requirement not being in a fixed location, it is one of the select locations in Hogwarts that does not appear on the Marauder’s Map.

Forbidden Forest

The Forbidden Forest is a large, dark enchanted forest in the boundaries of the school grounds. It is usually referred to simply as «the Forest» and in the film series as the «Dark Forest». It is strictly forbidden to all students, except during Care of Magical Creatures lessons and, on rare occasions, detentions.

Among the plant species within the Forest are trees such as beech, oak, pine, sycamore, yew and knotgrass and thorn undergrowth. Though the Forest is vastly dense and wild, there are a few paths and clearings. Hagrid, who frequently travels into the Forest for various reasons, mostly makes these trails. The Forest is also home to an assortment of creatures, many of them dangerous.

In 2017, a Forbidden Forest expansion was added to the Warner Bros. Studio Tour London — The Making of Harry Potter, enabling fans to explore it for the first time.^[22]

Hogwarts Express

Hogwarts Express
Legend
King’s Cross London King’s Cross railway station   Hogsmeade Station   Hogsmeade

The Hogwarts Express is a train that carries pupils non-stop from Platform 9+3⁄4 at King’s Cross station in London to Hogsmeade Station, near Hogwarts. Prefects of the school ride in a separate carriage near the front of the train. The compartments on the train appear to be lettered; in Half-Blood Prince, the «Slug Club» meets in compartment C.

The train began use in the 1850s. Before that, pupils used to reach Hogwarts on brooms or enchanted carriages.^[23]

The steam engine used in the film adaptations is the GWR 4900 Class 5972 Olton Hall, but it was not the first locomotive to be disguised as the Hogwarts Express. To promote the books, the Southern Railway locomotive 34027 Taw Valley was repainted and renamed temporarily, but was rejected by director Chris Columbus as looking ‘too modern’ for the film. Filming locations for the Hogwarts Express sequences include Goathland on the North Yorkshire Moors Railway, Kings Cross railway station and the route of the Jacobite Express which follows the West Highland Line from Fort William to Mallaig in Scotland, as it crosses the Glenfinnan Viaduct.^[24]

Several model trains have been made of the Hogwarts Express. An 00 gauge is produced by Hornby, though this is of a Castle Class locomotive rather than the Hall Class used in the films. A three-rail H0 gauge model is produced by Märklin, and a two-rail H0/00 was produced in the early 2000s by Bachmann. Several now-discontinued L gauge models have been produced by LEGO. Lionel has released an O gauge set in their 2007 catalogue and a G gauge set for 2008.^[25][26]

A completely functioning full-scale replica of the Hogwarts Express was created for The Wizarding World of Harry Potter’s expansion at Universal Orlando Resort connecting King’s Cross Station at the Diagon Alley expansion in Universal Studios Florida to the Hogsmeade station at Islands of Adventure,^[27] manufactured by Doppelmayr Garaventa Group in the form of a funicular railway people mover.^[28] The Hogwarts Express King’s Cross Station features a wall between Platforms 9 and 10, where guests can «walk through» to get to Platform 9+3⁄4, as in the first film.

• 

  Crowds of people around 5972 in York, which had worked an enthusiast special from Manchester in June 2014.

Creation for books and films

Rowling has suggested that she may have inadvertently taken the name from the hogwort plant (Croton capitatus), which she had seen at Kew Gardens some time before writing the series,^[29] although the names «The Hogwarts» and «Hoggwart» appear in the 1954 Nigel Molesworth book How to Be Topp by Geoffrey Willans.^[30][31] The name «Hogwart» also appears in the 1986 Labyrinth fantasy film.^[32]

Most exterior scenes were shot on location at Alnwick Castle, but views of the exterior of the entire school were created from shots of Durham Cathedral with a digital spire added to the towers. Durham Cathedral also served as a set for Hogwarts interiors.

A scale model was created for exterior shots of the entire school. Models of Alnwick Castle and Durham Cathedral were also built to create more integration between the model and on location shots. It took a team of 86 artists and crew members 74 years worth of man hours to complete the model.^[33]

In popular culture

Hogwarts school was voted as the 36th best Scottish educational establishment in a 2008 online ranking, outranking Edinburgh’s Loretto School. According to a director of the Independent Schools Network Rankings, it was added to the schools listing «for fun» and was then voted on.^[34]

In translation

Most translations keep the name ‘Hogwarts’, transcribing it if necessary. For example, in Arabic it is transcribed as هوغوورتس = Hūghwūrts, in Russian as Хогвартс = Khogvarts, in Japanese as ホグワーツ = Hoguwātsu, in Bengali as হগওয়ার্টস = Hogowarts, in Greek as Χόγκουαρτς = Hóguarts, and in simplified Chinese as 霍格沃茨 = Huògéwòcí.^[35]

However, some translations translate or otherwise adapt the name: French Poudlard (lard = «bacon»),^[35] Latvian Cūkkārpas shortened from cūka = «pig» + kārpas = «warts», Dutch Zweinstein modified from zwijnsteen = «pig rock»,^[35] Norwegian Bokmål Galtvort (galt = boar, vort = wart) (Nynorsk keeps «Hogwarts«), Finnish Tylypahka (pahka = «wart»), Hungarian Roxfort (playing with the name of Oxford in tribute to Harry Potter’s home country),^[35] Slovenian Bradavičarka (bradavice = «warts»)), Czech Bradavice means simply «warts».^[35] The Ancient Greek translation of the school is «Ὑογοήτου Παιδευτήριον τὸ τῆς Γοητείας καὶ Μαγείας», loosely translating to «Hogwizard’s School of Wizardry and Magic», Ὑογοήτου replacing «Hogwarts» and derived from the ancient Greek words ὑo- (hog) and γοητής (wizard).

See also

• Albus Dumbledore
• Loch Shiel

References

External links

• Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry on Harry Potter Wiki, an external wiki
• Hogwarts Castle on Harry Potter Wiki, an external wiki
• The Harry Potter Lexicon’s Hogwarts Atlas featuring numerous images of Hogwarts. hplex.info.
• The Marauder’s Map from the Warner Bros website, harrypotter.warnerbros.co.uk

Not to be confused with Hogwort.

Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry
Studio model of Hogwarts at Leavesden Studios
Universe	Wizarding World
First appearance	Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone (1997)
Most recent appearance	Fantastic Beasts: The Secrets of Dumbledore (2022)
In-universe information
Type	Selective school Secondary school Boarding school
Founded	c. 9th/10th century
Location	Scotland
Owner	Ministry of Magic
Purpose	Training for children with magical abilities[1]
Motto	Latin: Draco dormiens nunquam titillandus («Never Tickle a Sleeping Dragon»)[2]

Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry () is a fictional Scottish boarding school of magic for students aged eleven to eighteen, and is the primary setting for the first six books in J. K. Rowling’s Harry Potter series and serves as a major setting in the Wizarding World universe.^[3]

History

Establishment

Founded in the 10th century by Godric Gryffindor, Rowena Ravenclaw, Helga Hufflepuff and Salazar Slytherin, Hogwarts was established in the Highlands of Scotland to educate young wizards and witches as well as to keep students safe from muggle persecution. Theory has it that Rowena Ravenclaw came up with the name of Hogwarts after dreaming of a warty hog that led her to a cliff by a lake.^[4] Since then, Hogwarts educated most wizarding children with residence in Great Britain and Ireland, keeping its location hidden from other wizarding schools and muggles.

Middle ages

About three hundred years after the school was founded, the Triwizard Tournament was established as an interscholastic competition among the three most prestigious magical schools in Europe: Hogwarts, Beauxbatons, and Durmstrang. The tournament continued for six centuries before being discontinued. An attempt was made in the 1994–1995 school year to revive the tournament, but the consequential death of Cedric Diggory resulted in its permanent discontinuation.^{[citation needed]}

Academics and traditions

Hogwarts is a coeducational, secondary boarding school, taking children from ages eleven to seventeen.^[3] Education at Hogwarts is not compulsory, with some students being home schooled as stated in the seventh book. Rowling initially said there are about one thousand students at Hogwarts.^[5] She later suggested around six hundred, while acknowledging that this number was still inconsistent with the small number of people in Harry’s year. She further explained that this had resulted from her creating only 40 characters for Harry’s year.^[6]

Admission

According to the novels, admission to Hogwarts is selective, in that children who show magical ability will automatically gain a place,^[7] and squibs cannot attend the school as students (though they can work there in other roles, as Argus Filch does).^[8] A magical quill at Hogwarts detects the birth of magical children and writes their names into a large parchment book,^[1] but there is no admission test because «you are either magical or you are not.»^[7] Every year, a teacher checks this book and sends a letter to the children who are turning eleven. Acceptance or refusal of a place at Hogwarts must be posted by 31 July. The letter also contains a list of supplies like spell books, uniform, and other things that the student will need. The prospective student is expected to buy all the necessary materials, normally from shops in Diagon Alley, a concealed street near Charing Cross Road in London that can be found behind the wizarding pub, The Leaky Cauldron. Students who cannot afford their supplies can receive financial aid from the school, as happened with the young orphan Tom Riddle.

Letters to Muggle-born witches and wizards, who may not be aware of their powers and are unfamiliar with the concealed wizarding world, are delivered in person by a member of Hogwarts staff, who then explains to the parents or guardians about magical society, and reassures them regarding this news.^[HP7]

Though the school is in Great Britain, its catchment area is the wider British Isles, as Irish students can also attend.

Each student is allowed to bring an owl, a cat or a toad. Along with the acceptance letter, first-year students are sent a list of required equipment which includes a wand, subject books, a standard size 2 pewter cauldron, a set of brass scales, a set of glass or crystal phials, a kit of basic potion ingredients (for Potions), and a telescope (for Astronomy). The Hogwarts uniform consists of plain work robes in black, a plain black hat, a pair of protective gloves, and a black winter cloak with silver fastenings. Each uniform must contain the wearer’s nametag. First years are not allowed a broomstick of their own, though an exception to this rule is made for Harry Potter in his first year after he demonstrates an excellent ability as a Seeker in Quidditch.

Arrival

The primary mode of transport to Hogwarts is the Hogwarts Express that students take at the start of each school year. Students board the train from the also fictional and hidden Platform 9¾ at King’s Cross station in London. The train arrives at Hogsmeade station near Hogwarts, some time after nightfall.

From there, first-year students are accompanied by the «Keeper of the Keys, Game and Grounds» (which was Hagrid during the first novel) to small boats, which magically sail across the lake and get them near the entrance of Hogwarts. The older students ride up to the castle in carriages pulled by creatures called Thestrals. When the first-year students initially arrive at the castle, they wait in a small chamber off the entrance hall until the older students have taken their seats, and then enter the Great Hall for the Sorting Ceremony to determine their House assignments. As Professor Minerva McGonagall said in Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone, «The Sorting is a very important ceremony because, while you are here, your House will be something like your family within Hogwarts. You will have classes with the rest of your House, sleep in your House dormitory, and spend free time in your House common room.»
After the Sorting Hat sings a song, each student in turn is seated upon the stool in front of the rest of the student body. The Hat is placed on the student’s head, whereupon it examines his or her mind and assigns them to one of the four Houses based on abilities, personality, and preferences. After the Sorting Ceremony, the students and teachers enjoy a feast, prepared by the Hogwarts house-elves. If Dumbledore is feeling cheerful, he will lead the students in singing the school song.^[9]

Houses

Hogwarts is divided into four houses, each bearing the last name of its founder: Godric Gryffindor, Salazar Slytherin, Rowena Ravenclaw and Helga Hufflepuff. Throughout the school year, the houses compete for the House Cup, gaining and losing points based on actions such as performance in class and rule violations. The house with the highest end-of-year total wins and has its colours displayed in the Great Hall for the following school year. Each house also has its own Quidditch team that competes for the Quidditch Cup. These two competitions breed rivalries between the houses. Houses at Hogwarts are living and learning communities for their students. Each house is under the authority of one of the Hogwarts staff members. The Heads of the houses, as they are called, are in charge of giving their students important information, dealing with matters of severe punishment, and responding to emergencies in their houses, among other things. The dormitory and common room of a House are, barring rare exceptions, inaccessible to students belonging to other Houses; however, different houses will share classes as they are based on year group rather than House.

In the early days of Hogwarts, the four founders hand-picked students for their Houses. When the founders worried how students would be selected after their deaths, Godric Gryffindor took his hat off and they each added knowledge to it, allowing the Sorting Hat to choose the students by judging each student’s qualities and placing them in the most appropriate house. The student’s own choices may affect the decision: the clearest example is the Hat telling Harry that he would do well in Slytherin in the first book, but ultimately selecting Gryffindor after Harry asks it not to put him in Slytherin.

The translators of the books’ foreign editions had difficulty translating the «house» concept; in countries where this system does not exist, no word could adequately convey the importance of belonging to a house, the loyalty owed to it, and the pride taken in prizes won by the house.^[10]

Gryffindor

Gryffindor values courage, bravery, nerve, and chivalry. Gryffindor’s mascot is the lion, and its colours are scarlet red and gold (maroon and gold on the ties and scarves). During the books, the Head of this house is the Transfiguration Professor and Deputy Headmistress, Minerva McGonagall until she becomes headmistress, and the house ghost is Sir Nicholas de Mimsy-Porpington, more commonly known as Nearly Headless Nick. According to Rowling, Gryffindor corresponds roughly to the element of fire.^[11] The founder of the house is Godric Gryffindor.

The Gryffindor common room is in one of the castle’s highest towers, and its entrance is on the seventh floor in the east wing of the castle and is guarded by a painting of The Fat Lady, who is garbed in a pink dress. She permits entry only after being given the correct password, as was established in the third book, when Sirius Black tried forcing entry into the tower, only to be blocked by The Fat Lady after he could not give the correct password. In the first book, Neville Longbottom tends to forget the password and must wait near the painting until other Gryffindors arrive to open the way.^[12]

Hufflepuff

Hufflepuff values hard work, patience, justice, and loyalty. The house mascot is the badger, and canary yellow and black (or golden yellow and graphite in the Fantastic Beasts films) are its colours. During the books, the Head of this house is the Herbology Professor Pomona Sprout, and the house ghost is the Fat Friar. According to Rowling, Hufflepuff corresponds roughly to the element of earth.^[11] The founder of this house is Helga Hufflepuff.

The entrance to the Hufflepuff dormitories and common room entrance is concealed in a pile of large barrels in an alcove in the corridor that holds the kitchen. To enter, one must tap the barrel two from the bottom in the middle of the second row in the rhythm of «Helga Hufflepuff». Unlike any other house, the Hufflepuff common room has a repelling device that douses the illegal entrant in vinegar if the wrong lid is tapped or the rhythm is wrong.^[13] The Hufflepuff common room is filled with yellow hangings and fat armchairs and it has little tunnels leading to the dormitories, all of which have perfectly round doors, like barrel tops.^[14]

Ravenclaw

Ravenclaw values intelligence, learning, wisdom and wit.^[HP5][HP7] The house mascot is an eagle and the house colours are blue and bronze (blue and silver in the Harry Potter and Fantastic Beasts films and on the ties and scarves). During the books, the head of this house is the Charms teacher, Professor Filius Flitwick, and the house ghost is the Grey Lady. According to Rowling, Ravenclaw corresponds roughly to the element of air.^[11] The founder of this house is Rowena Ravenclaw.

The dormitories are in Ravenclaw Tower, on the west side of Hogwarts. The common room is round and filled with blue hangings and armchairs, has a domed ceiling painted with stars and features a replica statue of Rowena wearing her diadem. Harry also notes that Ravenclaws «have a spectacular view of the surrounding mountains». A logical riddle must be solved to gain entry, whereas the Gryffindor and Slytherin common rooms only require a password. Professor McGonagall, the head of the Gryffindor House, solves the riddle accurately.

Slytherin

Slytherin values ambition, cunning, leadership, and resourcefulness; the Sorting Hat said in Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone that Slytherins will do anything to get their way. The house mascot of Slytherin is the serpent, and the house colours are green and silver. Throughout the series, until the seventh book, the Head of House is Professor Severus Snape. Then, the previous Head of House Professor Horace Slughorn comes out of retirement, re-assuming authority after Snape becomes headmaster. The ghost of Slytherin house is Bloody Baron.^[15] According to Rowling, Slytherin corresponds roughly to the element of water.^[11] The founder of this house is Salazar Slytherin.

The Slytherin dormitories and common room are reached by speaking a password to a patch of bare stone wall in the dungeons, which causes a hidden door to open. The Slytherin common room is a long, low, dungeon-style room, under the Hogwarts Lake, furnished with green lamps and carved armchairs. The room is described in the second book as having a greenish glow.

The Sorting Hat claims that blood purity is a factor in selecting Slytherins, although this is not mentioned until the fifth book. There is no reason to believe, however, that Muggle-born students are not sorted there, merely that pure-blooded students are more desirable to that house, as there are several examples of half-bloods in the house – such as Snape and Tom Riddle/Voldemort – and Harry himself was only excluded from the house at his own insistence. In Deathly Hallows, a group of Snatchers claim that «not many Mudbloods» are sorted into Slytherin.

When believing Harry to be dead and thinking that he has final victory in his grasp, Voldemort proclaims his intention to abolish the other three houses and force all Hogwarts students into Slytherin. This design is foiled by his defeat and death, after which Slytherin becomes more diluted in its blood purity, no longer remaining the pure-blood bastion it once was.

Subjects and teachers

Being a school of magic, many subjects at Hogwarts differ from the studies of a typical school. Some subjects, such as History of Magic, derive from non-wizard – or muggle – subjects, but many others, such as charms and apparition classes, are unique to the wizarding world.
There are twelve named teachers (referred to as Professors), each specialising in a single subject. All professors are overseen by a school head and deputy head. Transfiguration, Defence Against the Dark Arts, Charms, Potions, Astronomy, History of Magic, and Herbology are compulsory subjects for the first five years, as well as flying lessons. At the end of their second year, students are required to add at least two optional subjects to their syllabus for the start of the third year. The five choices are Arithmancy, Muggle Studies, Divination, Study of Ancient Runes and Care of Magical Creatures. According to J.K. Rowling, «very specialised subjects such as alchemy are sometimes offered in the final two years, if there is sufficient demand.»^[16]

At the end of their fifth year, students take the Ordinary Wizarding Level (O.W.L.) examinations for all subjects in which they are enrolled.^{[citation needed]} Each examination consists of a written knowledge test and, where applicable, a practical demonstration of skills before a panel of proctors from the Ministry of Magic. Students who achieve a high enough O.W.L. grade in a particular subject may take its advanced course for the final two years, in preparation for the Nastily Exhausting Wizarding Tests (N.E.W.T.) given at the end of the seventh year.

Daily life

The day begins at Hogwarts with breakfast in the Great Hall. Students sit at their own House table and can eat and socialise, or finish homework. The Headmaster or Headmistress eats with the professors at the High Table placed at the far end of the hall. During breakfast, owls bring in the students’ post, generally consisting of The Daily Prophet, letters from parents or friends, or packages from home. A bell signals the start of the first class of the morning at 9 am.

There are two long morning classes with a short break in between them for students to get to their next class. After lunch, classes resume at 1 pm, and there is a break around afternoon teatime before another class period. The classes are about one hour in length, with occasional double periods lasting two hours. Classes end around five o’clock. First-year students get Friday afternoons off, while sixth- and seventh-year students have several free periods during the week. In the evening, students eat their dinner in the Great Hall, after which they are expected to be in their common rooms. Astronomy classes take place late at night in the Astronomy Tower.

The four House dormitories have secret entrances, generally known only to members of that house and require a password (Gryffindor & Slytherin), riddle answer (Ravenclaw) or ritual (Hufflepuff) in order to gain entrance. Inside is the common room, which contains armchairs and sofas for the pupils and tables for studying and homework. There are fireplaces to keep the rooms warm, and students either relax here in the evenings or else complete their homework, but may complete their work in the bedroom. There are notice boards in each common room and at other strategic points throughout the school. The students sleep in their House dormitories, which branch off from the common rooms. Each dormitory gets at least two rooms; one for boys and one for girls (an enchantment prevents boys from entering the girls’ area, although there is no spell to prevent the reverse from occurring). Each student sleeps in a large four-poster bed with bed covers and heavy curtains in the House colours, and thick white pillows. There is a bedside table for each bed, and each dormitory has a jug of water and goblets on a tray.

On designated weekends, Hogwarts students in their third year or higher, with a signed permission slip, are permitted to walk to the nearby wizarding village of Hogsmeade, where they can relax and enjoy the pubs, restaurants and shops. There appears to be a good relationship between the school and the village, and the students get on well with the locals. Favourite places in Hogsmeade include Honeydukes Sweetshop, Zonko’s Joke Shop, clothing stores such as Gladrags Wizardwear, the Shrieking Shack (regarded as the most haunted building in Britain), the pubs The Three Broomsticks and The Hog’s Head, and Madam Puddifoot’s coffee shop.

Food

The house-elves at Hogwarts amongst other duties provide all food to students and staff. They cook a wide variety of dishes especially at the feasts. The various dishes are prepared in the kitchens directly below the Great Hall. Within the kitchen are four long tables directly aligned with the house tables in the great hall above. At meal times the food is magically transported up, appearing directly in front of the students.^[17]

Discipline

Apart from losing points from a house, serious misdeeds at Hogwarts are punishable by detention. Whenever a student loses a house point, their house jewels (ruby for Gryffindors, emeralds for Slytherin, sapphires for Ravenclaw, and diamonds for Hufflepuff) are taken away from a glass hourglass located in every classroom. The same goes for adding points to the specific house, although the teacher or prefect must conjure the gems from thin air.

According to the school caretaker, Argus Filch, detention meant subjection to various forms of corporal punishment until recently. Arthur Weasley claimed still to bear physical scars inflicted by Apollyon Pringle, Filch’s predecessor. In present times, however, detention usually involves assisting staff or faculty with tedious tasks. Examples of detention include the one imposed on Harry by Umbridge in Order of the Phoenix. In this case, Harry was forced to write, «I must not tell lies» repeatedly using a magical quill which then carves what is written into the back of the writer’s hand. However, most teachers at the school never use this cruel punishment. In another case, when Snape caught Harry using the Sectumsempra curse on Draco, he was forced to go through over a thousand boxes of files describing wrongdoers at Hogwarts and their punishments. Harry was supposed to order them in alphabetical order, and rewrite the cards whose words were hard to see or otherwise damaged. The Weasley twins Fred and George had a whole drawer of these cards.

For even more serious offences, students may be suspended or even expelled from Hogwarts. Harry and Ron are threatened with expulsion after crashing Ron’s car into the Whomping Willow at the start of their second year, and Harry is expelled before the start of his fifth year (although the sentence is quickly changed to a disciplinary hearing) after he is detected using magic in the presence of Muggles, a serious offence among the wizarding community. Dumbledore argued in Harry’s defence, stating that it was done in self-defence, and that the Ministry has no authority to expel students – such powers are invested in the Headmaster and the Board of Governors. Snape has attempted to have Harry expelled, and he attempted to have Harry’s father, James Potter, expelled when they were at Hogwarts together. The only student known to have been expelled is Hagrid, for the murder of Myrtle with an acromantula believed to be the Monster of Slytherin and for opening the Chamber of Secrets – crimes for which Tom Riddle had framed him.

Professors seem to be able to punish students with relative impunity and can hand out detention, even for unsatisfactory grades. Enforcement of rules outside of class mainly falls to the caretaker, with the assistance of the prefects. A student’s Head of House usually has the final say in disciplinary matters. However, during Umbridge’s tenure at Hogwarts, she quickly obtains the power to have the final say in disciplinary actions, due to an Educational Decree (one of many) passed by Minister for Magic Cornelius Fudge.

In the summer before their fifth year, two fifth year students from each House are picked to be prefects, which grants them privileges and responsibilities and disciplinary responsibilities. The leaders of the student body, the Head Boy and Head Girl, are drawn from the seventh year students. Prefects have the authority to give detentions for infractions.

Castle and grounds

J. K. Rowling says she visualises Hogwarts, in its entirety, to be:

A huge, rambling, quite scary-looking castle, with a jumble of towers and battlements. Like the Weasleys’ house, it isn’t a building that Muggles could build, because it is supported by magic.^[1]

In the novels, Hogwarts is somewhere in Scotland^[18] (the film Prisoner of Azkaban says that Dufftown is near). The school is depicted as having numerous charms and spells on and around it that make it impossible for a Muggle to locate it. Muggles cannot see the school; rather, they see only ruins and several warnings of danger.^[GF Ch.11] The castle’s setting is described as having extensive grounds with sloping lawns, flowerbeds and vegetable patches, a loch (called The Black Lake), a large dense forest (called the Forbidden Forest), several greenhouses and other outbuildings, and a full-size Quidditch pitch. There is also an owlery, which houses all the owls owned by the school and those owned by students. Some rooms in the school tend to «move around», and so do the stairs in the grand staircase.^[19] Witches and wizards cannot Apparate or Disapparate in Hogwarts grounds, except when the Headmaster lifts the enchantment, whether only in certain areas or for the entire campus, so as to make the school less vulnerable when it serves the headmaster to allow Apparition.^[GF Ch.28] Electricity and electronic devices are not found at Hogwarts. In Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, Hermione indicates that due to the high levels of magic, «substitutes for magic (that) Muggles use» such as computers, radar and electricity «go haywire» around Hogwarts. Radios however, make an exception. Rowling explains this by saying that the radios are not powered by electricity but by magic.

Hogwarts is on the shore of a lake, sometimes called the Black Lake. In that lake are merpeople, Grindylows, and a giant squid. The giant squid does not attack humans and sometimes acts as a lifeguard when students are in the lake. The castle and its grounds are home to many secret areas as well as well-known and well-used places.

Hiding place of the Philosopher’s Stone

Accessed by entering a trapdoor in the forbidden corridor on the third floor, and protected by a gauntlet of seven magical challenges set up by the teachers.

• A giant three-headed dog named Fluffy placed specially to guard the trapdoor by Hagrid.
• Devil’s Snare, grown by Professor Sprout.
• A room containing dozens of keys, charmed by Flitwick to sprout wings and fly near the ceiling. One of these keys will unlock the door to the next section. However, in the film adaptation, the keys attack the seeker of the Stone.
• A large chessboard with an army of large chessmen, transfigured by McGonagall. To continue to the door on the opposite side, the person in question must beat the chessmen at a game of wizards’ chess where the player must risk his life if he loses. Ron and Professor Quirrell are the only wizards to win the game of wizards’ chess.
• A room with a large troll inside. This is Quirrell’s challenge. In the book, Quirrell had knocked out his own troll to get to the last room and thus the trio did not have to fight it; in the film, it does not appear, but it appears in the PS1 and Game Boy Color version of the game.
• A series of potions, brewed by Snape. A logical riddle, not magic, has to be solved. There are two doors, blocked by fire. One potion will allow the person to exit the way he or she arrived, another will allow him or her to continue to the next chamber, two are nettle wine, and the other three are poison. This challenge does not appear in the film, but does in the video game adaptation.
• The Mirror of Erised can be found in the final chamber, further enchanted by Dumbledore to bestow the Philosopher’s Stone upon a seeker only hoping to acquire the stone but not use it for selfish means.

Chamber of Secrets

The Chamber of Secrets, which is deep under the school (most likely under the lake),^[20] was home to an ancient Basilisk, intended to be used to purge the school of Muggle-born students. Salazar Slytherin, one of the founders of Hogwarts, built the Chamber before he left the school.

The entrance to the Chamber is hidden in the second-floor girls’ lavatory (haunted by Moaning Myrtle). One of the sink taps has a snake scratched into its side; when a command in Parseltongue is spoken, it opens to reveal the mouth of a dark, slimy chute, wide enough to slide down, that gives onto a stone tunnel. There are many skeletons of small animals littering the floor and even a gigantic skin shed by the Basilisk. The tunnel leads to a solid wall, carved with two entwined serpents with emeralds for eyes.^[20] At a command in Parseltongue, the wall opens to expose a long, dim corridor, lined with monumental statues of snakes, including two rows of towering stone pillars with more carved serpents that brace the ceiling. A colossal statue of Salazar Slytherin, looking ancient and monkey-like, is at the centre. The Basilisk rested inside the statue and emerged from its mouth when the Heir of Slytherin, Tom Riddle, summoned it.^[21]
In his second year at Hogwarts, Harry uses Parseltongue to open the chamber and destroys the diary containing the embodied memory of a 16-year-old Tom Riddle from his own days at Hogwarts and also slays the basilisk. It is later revealed that the diary was a Horcrux.
In Deathly Hallows, Ron and Hermione enter the Chamber. Ron opens the door (despite not speaking Parseltongue) by imitating sounds he heard Harry use to open Slytherin’s locket. They pull a basilisk fang from its skeleton to use to destroy the Horcrux made from Helga Hufflepuff’s cup.

When Tom Riddle opened the Chamber, Myrtle was sulking in a stall after being teased by student Olive Hornby. She opened the door, intending to tell him to leave, but died immediately upon meeting the Basilisk’s gaze and decided to become a ghost to get revenge on Hornby.^[20] The bathroom remains operational, but is rarely used by students because of Myrtle’s disagreeable presence and her habit of flooding it when she is distraught.

The film’s depiction of the Chamber has snake heads in place of the pillars and Slytherin’s statue is only his head. Rowling reveals in the book Harry Potter Page to Screen; The Complete Filmmaking Journey that the Chamber has flooded since its creation under unknown circumstances.

As shown in Deathly Hallows, the Chamber of Secrets does not appear on the Marauder’s Map.

Passages

There are usually seven secret passages in and out of the school, and in addition, the series describes the use of twin vanishing cabinets to create another. Filch knows of just four of these while the Marauders (James Potter, Sirius Black, Remus Lupin, Peter Pettigrew) and the Weasley twins know of all seven, though where some lead is unknown. The Room of Requirement may, on occasion, create an eighth passage out of the school. The only known instance of this occurring is a passage to the Hog’s Head that forms in Deathly Hallows. Due to the nature of the Room of Requirement, it is possible that several passages to different locations could be accessed from the Room. The three passages out of Hogwarts that Filch does not know about are:

• A passage beneath the Whomping Willow, leading to the Shrieking Shack.
• A passage behind a mirror on the fourth floor, which is caved in. It leads to Hogsmeade, but it is not known exactly where.
• A passage beneath the one-eyed witch statue by the stairs to the Defence Against the Dark Arts classroom, leading to the cellar of Honeydukes. Speaking aloud the word ‘Dissendium’ to the witch allows access to this passage; the hump on the statue then opens and reveals the hidden passageway.

A further link between two vanishing cabinets, one in the school and the other in Borgin and Burkes in Knockturn Alley presumably works until Chamber of Secrets when Peeves (persuaded by Nearly Headless Nick) smashes the Hogwarts cabinet. The passage is reopened in Half-Blood Prince when Draco Malfoy fixes the cabinet. This passage is not shown on the Marauder’s Map as it is not part of the castle itself.

Besides passages in and out of the school, there are also numerous short-cuts that lead from one part of the castle to another. These are often concealed in such fashions as a tapestry which hides a hole in the wall.

Room of Requirement

On the seventh floor opposite an enormous tapestry depicting Barnabas the Barmy attempting to train trolls for the ballet, the Room of Requirement appears only when someone is in need of it. To make it appear, one must walk past its hidden entrance three times while concentrating on what is needed. The room will then appear, outfitted with whatever is required. To the Hogwarts house-elves, it is also known as the Come and Go Room.

Dumbledore is the first to mention the room, noting that he discovered it at five-thirty in the morning, filled with chamber pots when he was trying to find a toilet. However, Dumbledore did not appear to know the Room’s secrets. Dobby later told Harry of the Room in detail and admitted to frequently bringing Winky to the room to cure her bouts of Butterbeer-induced drunkenness, finding it full of antidotes and a «nice elf-sized bed.» Filch was said to find cleaning supplies here when he had run out; when Fred and George needed a place to hide, it would appear as a broom cupboard. Trelawney also makes a habit of using it to hide her empty sherry bottles after she is sacked in Order of the Phoenix. It would seem that when one wishes to hide something it produces the same room for everyone: the Room of Hidden Things, which is full of many centuries worth of abandoned objects, such as broken furniture, books, and in one case a dead quintaped (for more information see Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them), which were presumably forgotten by their owners.

Harry learns of the room’s abilities from Dobby in Order of the Phoenix, finding it the perfect location for his Dumbledore’s Army meetings, during which it is filled with bookcases full of Defence Against the Dark Arts volumes, many different kinds of Dark Detectors, and a plethora of floor cushions for practising defensive spells. When the D.A. is betrayed, the room is left open, and Pansy Parkinson is able to retrieve the list of members of the organisation. In Half-Blood Prince Harry uses the Room of Hidden Things to stash his copy of Advanced Potion-Making, describing it as the size of a large cathedral and packed to overflowing with items hidden by Hogwarts inhabitants over the years, such as old potions, clothing, ruined furniture, an old tiara (which happens to be one of Voldemort’s Horcruxes), or books which are «no doubt banned or graffitied or stolen.» He later realises that Draco has been using the room in this state to hide and repair the Vanishing Cabinet to use it to smuggle Death Eaters into Hogwarts. Ironically, while Harry tries many times to get into the Room of Requirement to see what Draco is doing, the only time he succeeds to get into the room (and he is not thinking about Draco), he gains access to the room where Malfoy has been working.

In Deathly Hallows, the students who need a place to hide from the Carrows, two Death Eater professors, use the room. It is also revealed that the Room of Requirement’s current version can change while still occupied, though should a completely different version be required (e.g. the Room of Hidden Things instead of DA Headquarters) the room must be empty. The Room can also answer to the desire of the wizard within the room, such as providing Harry with a whistle when he needed one during a Dumbledore’s Army meeting, or creating a passage to the Hog’s Head (as the room cannot produce food). Later, Ravenclaw’s diadem is found to be one of Voldemort’s Horcruxes and has been hidden in the Room of Hidden Things by Voldemort. Harry, Ron, and Hermione enter the Room, with Harry knowing that he must look for a place to hide things, and find the tiara; but they are ambushed by Draco, Crabbe and Goyle. The diadem is finally destroyed when Crabbe fills this version of the Room with what Hermione believes to have been Fiendfyre; a destructive magical fire. It is not known if the room continues to function after the events of Deathly Hallows; Ron expresses concern that it may have been ruined in all of its forms by the cursed fire.

Due to the Room of Requirement not being in a fixed location, it is one of the select locations in Hogwarts that does not appear on the Marauder’s Map.

Forbidden Forest

The Forbidden Forest is a large, dark enchanted forest in the boundaries of the school grounds. It is usually referred to simply as «the Forest» and in the film series as the «Dark Forest». It is strictly forbidden to all students, except during Care of Magical Creatures lessons and, on rare occasions, detentions.

Among the plant species within the Forest are trees such as beech, oak, pine, sycamore, yew and knotgrass and thorn undergrowth. Though the Forest is vastly dense and wild, there are a few paths and clearings. Hagrid, who frequently travels into the Forest for various reasons, mostly makes these trails. The Forest is also home to an assortment of creatures, many of them dangerous.

In 2017, a Forbidden Forest expansion was added to the Warner Bros. Studio Tour London — The Making of Harry Potter, enabling fans to explore it for the first time.^[22]

Hogwarts Express

Hogwarts Express
Legend
King’s Cross London King’s Cross railway station   Hogsmeade Station   Hogsmeade

The Hogwarts Express is a train that carries pupils non-stop from Platform 9+3⁄4 at King’s Cross station in London to Hogsmeade Station, near Hogwarts. Prefects of the school ride in a separate carriage near the front of the train. The compartments on the train appear to be lettered; in Half-Blood Prince, the «Slug Club» meets in compartment C.

The train began use in the 1850s. Before that, pupils used to reach Hogwarts on brooms or enchanted carriages.^[23]

The steam engine used in the film adaptations is the GWR 4900 Class 5972 Olton Hall, but it was not the first locomotive to be disguised as the Hogwarts Express. To promote the books, the Southern Railway locomotive 34027 Taw Valley was repainted and renamed temporarily, but was rejected by director Chris Columbus as looking ‘too modern’ for the film. Filming locations for the Hogwarts Express sequences include Goathland on the North Yorkshire Moors Railway, Kings Cross railway station and the route of the Jacobite Express which follows the West Highland Line from Fort William to Mallaig in Scotland, as it crosses the Glenfinnan Viaduct.^[24]

Several model trains have been made of the Hogwarts Express. An 00 gauge is produced by Hornby, though this is of a Castle Class locomotive rather than the Hall Class used in the films. A three-rail H0 gauge model is produced by Märklin, and a two-rail H0/00 was produced in the early 2000s by Bachmann. Several now-discontinued L gauge models have been produced by LEGO. Lionel has released an O gauge set in their 2007 catalogue and a G gauge set for 2008.^[25][26]

A completely functioning full-scale replica of the Hogwarts Express was created for The Wizarding World of Harry Potter’s expansion at Universal Orlando Resort connecting King’s Cross Station at the Diagon Alley expansion in Universal Studios Florida to the Hogsmeade station at Islands of Adventure,^[27] manufactured by Doppelmayr Garaventa Group in the form of a funicular railway people mover.^[28] The Hogwarts Express King’s Cross Station features a wall between Platforms 9 and 10, where guests can «walk through» to get to Platform 9+3⁄4, as in the first film.

• 

  Crowds of people around 5972 in York, which had worked an enthusiast special from Manchester in June 2014.

Creation for books and films

Rowling has suggested that she may have inadvertently taken the name from the hogwort plant (Croton capitatus), which she had seen at Kew Gardens some time before writing the series,^[29] although the names «The Hogwarts» and «Hoggwart» appear in the 1954 Nigel Molesworth book How to Be Topp by Geoffrey Willans.^[30][31] The name «Hogwart» also appears in the 1986 Labyrinth fantasy film.^[32]

Most exterior scenes were shot on location at Alnwick Castle, but views of the exterior of the entire school were created from shots of Durham Cathedral with a digital spire added to the towers. Durham Cathedral also served as a set for Hogwarts interiors.

A scale model was created for exterior shots of the entire school. Models of Alnwick Castle and Durham Cathedral were also built to create more integration between the model and on location shots. It took a team of 86 artists and crew members 74 years worth of man hours to complete the model.^[33]

In popular culture

Hogwarts school was voted as the 36th best Scottish educational establishment in a 2008 online ranking, outranking Edinburgh’s Loretto School. According to a director of the Independent Schools Network Rankings, it was added to the schools listing «for fun» and was then voted on.^[34]

In translation

Most translations keep the name ‘Hogwarts’, transcribing it if necessary. For example, in Arabic it is transcribed as هوغوورتس = Hūghwūrts, in Russian as Хогвартс = Khogvarts, in Japanese as ホグワーツ = Hoguwātsu, in Bengali as হগওয়ার্টস = Hogowarts, in Greek as Χόγκουαρτς = Hóguarts, and in simplified Chinese as 霍格沃茨 = Huògéwòcí.^[35]

However, some translations translate or otherwise adapt the name: French Poudlard (lard = «bacon»),^[35] Latvian Cūkkārpas shortened from cūka = «pig» + kārpas = «warts», Dutch Zweinstein modified from zwijnsteen = «pig rock»,^[35] Norwegian Bokmål Galtvort (galt = boar, vort = wart) (Nynorsk keeps «Hogwarts«), Finnish Tylypahka (pahka = «wart»), Hungarian Roxfort (playing with the name of Oxford in tribute to Harry Potter’s home country),^[35] Slovenian Bradavičarka (bradavice = «warts»)), Czech Bradavice means simply «warts».^[35] The Ancient Greek translation of the school is «Ὑογοήτου Παιδευτήριον τὸ τῆς Γοητείας καὶ Μαγείας», loosely translating to «Hogwizard’s School of Wizardry and Magic», Ὑογοήτου replacing «Hogwarts» and derived from the ancient Greek words ὑo- (hog) and γοητής (wizard).

See also

• Albus Dumbledore
• Loch Shiel

References

External links

• Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry on Harry Potter Wiki, an external wiki
• Hogwarts Castle on Harry Potter Wiki, an external wiki
• The Harry Potter Lexicon’s Hogwarts Atlas featuring numerous images of Hogwarts. hplex.info.
• The Marauder’s Map from the Warner Bros website, harrypotter.warnerbros.co.uk

Эта статья является частью цикла статей о волшебном мире Гарри Поттера.

Оригинал	Росмэн	Народные переводы	Мария Спивак	Бялко-Левитова
Hogwarts	Хогвартс	Хогвартс	Хогварц	Хогвартс

Школа Чародейства и Волшебства «Хо́гвартс»
(Хо́гвартс)
Оригинальное название	Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry
Девиз	лат. Draco dormiens numquam titillandus, «Никогда не щекочи спящего дракона»
Год основания	XI век
Тип	школа магии
Ректор	Минерва Макгонагалл
Студенты	Гриффиндор Пуффендуй Когтевран Слизерин
Расположение	Великобритания

Хогвартс (официальное название Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry или, реже, Hogwarts Academy of Witchcraft and Wizardry, в переводах — Школа/Академия Чародейства и Волшебства «Хогвартс». Уточнение во второй книге, что «Хогвартс» в переводе на «магловский» язык — это «вепрь» не точно. Если переставить слоги английского названия (Hogwarts), то получится слово warthog, то есть африканский дикий кабан, бородавочник.).

Хогвартс, скорее всего, является единственной школой магии в Англии. Обучение длится 7 лет. В конце каждого года сдаются экзамены, но особенно важны для будущего учеников экзамены в конце 5-го и 7-го года. Количество учеников Хогвартса точно неизвестно, но скорее всего туда принимаются абсолютно все дети-волшебники из Великобритании. Если принять во внимание количество учеников на одном курсе одного факультета, а в среднем это 10 человек, то всего в школе учатся приблизительно 280 детей.

Управляют школой директор и заместитель директора. К моменту начала действия директором школы является Альбус Дамблдор, его заместителем — Минерва МакГонагалл. Директор отчитывается перед Советом Попечителей, состоящим из 12 человек.

Обучение в школе бесплатное, но книги и школьный инвентарь учащиеся обычно покупают сами. Однако есть специальный фонд для покупки учебников и школьного инвентаря малоимущим ученикам.^[1]

Местонахождение школы и общие сведения

Роулинг в интервью охарактеризовала Хогвартс как^[2]

огромный, разваливающийся, довольно устрашающего вида замок, с беспорядочной путаницей башенок и зубчатых стен. Подобно дому Уизли, это здание не могло бы быть построено маглами, потому что оно поддерживается магией.

Согласно другому интервью, Хогвартс находится где-то в Шотландии.^[3][4] Многочисленные заклинания в школе и вокруг неё делают невозможным для магла найти школу: всё, что может увидеть магл — это развалины и табличка «Keep out» (Опасно) ^[5]. На территории школы, кроме замка, есть горное озеро, большой лес, называемый Запретным из-за живущих там опасных существ (в частности, гигантских пауков (Акромантулов) и кентавров), оранжереи, кладбище (к концу шестой книги там появляется, среди прочих, белый мраморный склеп погибшего Альбуса Дамблдора), совятник, избушка лесничего и поле для игры в квиддич. Замок окружён горами. Лестницы (которых в замке 142) и школьные помещения двигаются.^[6][7] Замок увешан картинами, персонажи которых ходят друг к другу в гости. Некоторые двери в замке открываются, только если их коснуться в определённом месте, другие — если их вежливо попросить, третьи двери фальшивые, а за ними стена.^[8]

Трансгрессия в Хогвартс и из Хогвартса запрещена ^[9], но этот запрет может быть снят на ограниченное время в ограниченном пространстве.^[10] Электронные и электрические устройства на территории Хогвартса не работают. В книге Гарри Поттер и Кубок Огня, Гермиона объясняет, что причина в высоком уровне магии на территории школы. Однако в школе есть радио, работающее на магии, а не на электричестве.

Ближайшим населённым пунктом является маленькая деревушка Хогсмид — единственная в Англии, где живут только волшебники. Также Хогсмид название не только деревни, но и ближайшей к Хогвартсу железнодорожной станции, на которую прибывает поезд «Хогвартс Экспресс» (см. ниже). На карте, которую Дж. К. Роулинг нарисовала для съёмок фильмов по своим книгам, станция находится к юго-востоку от школы, а деревня Хогсмид — к северо-западу.

Лозунг Хогвартса — «Draco dormiens numquam titillandus», что по латыни означает «никогда не щекочи спящего дракона». Роулинг объяснила, что она хотела придумать практичный лозунг для Хогвартса, потому что в большинстве школ лозунги возвышенные, вроде «Ad Astra» («К Звёздам»). У Хогвартса есть и гимн, который приводится в главе 1 книги «Гарри Поттер и философский камень».

Сведения о количестве студентов в Хогвартсе противоречивы. В одном интервью Роулинг сказала, что всего их около 1000 ^[11], в другом — что в прошлом считала, что их около 600 ^[12], но теперь в этом не уверена. На курсе Поттера, по-видимому, учатся 40 студентов, по 10 на каждом факультете ^[12][13].

Управляют школой директор и заместитель директора. К моменту начала действия директором школы является Альбус Дамблдор, его заместителем — Минерва МакГонагалл. Директор отчитывается перед Попечительским Советом, состоящим из 12 человек.

О финансировании школы мало что известно. Попытки министерства магии контролировать школу («Гарри Поттер и Орден Феникса») дают основание предположить, что школу финансирует министерство магии, хотя источники этого финансирования не указаны.

Согласно интервью Роулинг, школа является мультиконфессиональной (multifaith).^[14]

В романе упоминаются аналогичные школы в других странах — Шармбатон (Бобатон) во Франции и Дурмстранг, вероятно, находящийся в одной из стран Скандинавского полуострова^[15]. Кроме того, упоминается Институт Салемских Ведьм, по названию которого можно предположить, что он находится в США. Из текста непонятно, является ли этот институт школой магии, но Роулинг подтвердила, что это действительно так. В четвертой книге упоминается также школа магии в Бразилии.

Поступление

Волшебное перо в Хогвартсе регистрирует рождение магов и записывает их имена на большой свиток пергамента.^[16] Каждый год свиток читается и приглашения в Хогвартс посылаются всем английским детям, которым не позже 31 августа исполняется 11 лет. Принимать приглашение не обязательно: некоторые родители предпочитают домашнее обучение^[17]. Приглашение должно быть принято или отвергнуто не позже 31 июля. В случае, если ребёнок растёт у маглов, кто-либо из персонала школы приезжает, чтобы поговорить с ребёнком и его родителями или опекунами и помочь ему с покупкой учебников и инвентаря.

Вместе с письмом посылается список учебников, формы и инвентаря. В 1990 году список включал 8 учебников, а также:

• Три простых рабочих мантии (чёрных)
• Одна простая остроконечная шляпа (чёрная) на каждый день
• Одна пара защитных перчаток (из кожи дракона или аналогичного по свойствам материала)
• Один зимний плащ (чёрный, застёжки серебряные)
• 1 волшебную палочку
• 1 котёл (оловянный, стандартный размер № 2)
• 1 комплект стеклянных или хрустальных флаконов
• 1 телескоп
• 1 медные весы

Студенты могут привезти с собой сову, кошку, жабу или крысу. Первокурсникам запрещено брать с собой метлы.

Всё это можно купить в Косом переулке, потайной улице, вход в которую находится возле бара «Дырявый Котёл».

Книги и школьный инвентарь учащиеся обычно покупают сами. В шестой книге упоминается специальный фонд для покупки учебников и школьного инвентаря малоимущим ученикам.

В книгах нет сведений о том, как дети до 11 лет обучаются чтению, письму и счёту. Дети, чьи родители или опекуны — маглы, скорее всего, учатся в обычных магловских начальных школах, как это было с Гарри Поттером и, вероятно, с Гермионой Грэйнджер. Детей из магических семей, возможно, учат родители или же для их обучения программе начальной школы используется какой-то вид магии.

Дорога в Хогвартс и первый день

Стандартным способом (по крайней мере для студентов) добраться в Хогвартс является поезд «Хогвартс-экспресс», 1 сентября отходящий в 11 утра от платформы 9¾. На платформу можно попасть, пройдя сквозь разделительный барьер между платформами 9 и 10. Поезд идёт весь день и заполночь прибывает в магическую деревню Хогсмид.

Чтобы добраться от станции Хогсмид до замка, первокурсники пересекают озеро на небольших лодках, что является своеобразной традицией (с озера открывается прекрасный вид на замок), а ученики старших курсов едут к замку в каретах, запряженных фестралами, проезжая через ворота, знаменующие вход на прилегающую уже непосредственно к замку территорию. На колоннах, на которых держатся ворота, стоят статуи крылатых вепрей, так как «Хогвартс» в переводе с некоторого древнего языка означает «долина вепрей».

Затем студенты и преподаватели собираются в Большом Зале и начинается церемония отбора. Выносят Распределяющую Шляпу, которая поёт песню, каждый год новую. Весь год Шляпа тратит на составление песни. По окончании песни, первокурсники один за другим садятся на табурет перед всеми студентами и надевают Шляпу, которая распределяет каждого студента в один из четырёх факультетов. Иногда Шляпа предлагает студенту два факультета на выбор. Получив распределение, первокурсник отправляется за стол своего факультета, где его встречают аплодисментами и рукопожатиями. В книгах не описано ни одного случая, когда студенту не понравился бы выбор Шляпы.

Затем начинается пир. После пира делаются текущие объявления и, если Дамблдор в особенно хорошем настроении, он поёт со студентами школьный гимн — каждый поёт как хочет, на свой мотив^[18], и студенты отправляются по своим спальням. Первокурсников разводят по спальням старосты.

Кроме поезда, есть и другие способы добраться в школу:

• Полёт на любом магическом предмете или животном, способном летать. Так, в книге «Гарри Поттер и тайная комната» Гарри Поттер и Рон Уизли добрались в школу на летающем фордике Артура Уизли. Но при этом они нарушили несколько законов и школьных правил. В результате Гарри и Рон получили выговор и угрозу отчисления при следующем подобном нарушении. В книге «Гарри Поттер и Орден Феникса» Фред и Джордж Уизли покидают школу на мётлах.
• Кабинет директора снабжён камином, и туда можно добраться через каминную сеть. В книгах «Гарри Поттер и Орден Феникса» и «Гарри Поттер и Кубок Огня» Поттер использует камины в Хогвартсе для связи с Сириусом Блэком.
• Порталы. Так Гарри Поттер попадает в Хогвартс в книгах «Гарри Поттер и Орден Феникса» (после битвы в министерстве магии) и «Гарри Поттер и Кубок Огня» (после убийства Седрика Диггори и сражения с Тёмным Лордом). Судя по тому, что обычно студенты используют поезд, использование порталов в Хогвартс и из Хогвартса, как правило, невозможно. В книге «Гарри Поттер и Орден Феникса» Дамблдору приходится создать портал заклинанием «Портус».
• Трансгрессия. Хотя в целях безопасности трансгрессия в Хогвартс и из него сделана невозможной, можно трансгрессировать рядом с Хогвартсом и войти на территорию Хогвартса. Так попадают в Хогвартс Гарри Поттер и Альбус Дамблдор в книге «Гарри Поттер и принц-полукровка».
• На территории школы находится Выручай-комната, становящаяся тем, что нужно входящему в неё человеку. Через Выручай-комнату можно попадать из Хогвартса во внешний мир и обратно, например используя Исчезательные шкафы, как это делал Драко Малфой в книге «Гарри Поттер и принц-полукровка». Через эту же комнату студенты в книге «Гарри Поттер и дары смерти» попадали в трактир «Кабанья голова» в Хогсмиде.

Факультеты

Хогвартс делится на 4 факультета (houses), каждый назван по имени своего основателя: Годрик Гриффиндор, Салазар Слизерин, Кандида Когтевран и Пенелопа Пуффендуй. Каждый факультет имеет свой талисман, свои цвета и своё привидение. В продолжении учебного года факультеты соревнуются за кубок факультетов, набирая и теряя баллы. Каждый факультет имеет свою квиддичную команду, и команды соревнуются за кубок школы по квиддичу. Эти два соревнования порождают соперничества между факультетами. Во главе факультета стоит декан (Head), в прошлом учившийся на этом факультете. На своём факультете декан отвечает за донесение важной информации до сведения студентов, наказания студентов за серьёзные проступки, реагирование на аварийные ситуации. Каждый факультет имеет собственные спальни и свою гостиную. За редкими исключениями, спальни и гостиная факультета недоступны для студентов других факультетов и охраняются картинами, требующими разгадать загадку (гостиная Когтеврана) или назвать пароль (все остальные гостиные). На своём факультете мальчики не имеют права входить в спальни для девочек, а девочки в спальни для мальчиков входить могут. Это правило установили основатели, считавшие девочек более порядочными.

В первые годы существования Хогвартса его основатели лично отбирали студентов для своих факультетов. В дальнейшем из-за беспокойства об отборе студентов после смерти основателей Годрик Гриффиндор снял свою шляпу, и каждый основатель добавил туда свои знания. С тех пор студентов распределяет Распределяющая Шляпа. При этом она учитывает желания самих студентов.

Распределение по факультетам

Распределение учеников по факультетам происходит на 1-м курсе перед самым началом обучения. Процессом распределения занимается специальная волшебная Распределяющая Шляпа. Ученик должен надеть Шляпу на голову, и тогда она даст ответ — на какой факультет следует поступить этому ученику. При этом Шляпа исходит из личных качеств ученика: храбрых и благородных она отправляет в Гриффиндор, умных и сметливых — в Когтевран, упорных и честных — в Пуффендуй, а хитрых и изворотливых — в Слизерин.

Если ученик по своим качествам подходит разным факультетам, Шляпа предлагает выбрать ему самому. Так, Гарри Поттеру были предложены на выбор Гриффиндор или Слизерин, Гермионе Грейнджер — Гриффиндор или Когтевран. Оба выбрали Гриффиндор.

Решение Шляпы принимается всеми с уважением, обжалованию не подлежит и выполняется неукоснительно. Не известно ни одного случая последующего перехода учеников с одного факультета на другой или примеров обучения одного человека на нескольких факультетах. С другой стороны, Слизнорт упоминает, что будучи деканом Слизерина, он часто предлагал матери Гарри Поттера перейти с Гриффиндора на его факультет — следовательно, такие переходы теоретически возможны. Лили Поттер всегда резко отказывалась.

Неизвестны случаи, когда ученик был бы недоволен своим распределением.

Баллы

Ежегодно проходит соревнование между факультетами, какой из них получит больше баллов. За достижения и промахи каждого студента — как академические, так и дисциплинарные — могут быть начислены или сняты баллы с его факультета. Таким образом, в Хогвартсе используются групповые поощрения и наказания. В первой книге гриффиндорцы объявляют коллективный бойкот Гарри Поттеру и его друзьям за потерю 150 баллов.

Снимать или добавлять баллы факультетам имеет право любой преподаватель, а также факультетский староста. Похоже, что нет правил по поводу того, какое количество баллов снимается или добавляется в каких случаях (кроме неписаных традиций: например, за правильный ответ на уроке начисляют 5-10 баллов, столько же снимают за мелкий проступок). Северус Снегг пользуется этим, по любому поводу снимая баллы с других факультетов, в особенности с Гриффиндора.

Также баллы начисляются за высокие результаты в ежегодном турнире по квиддичу между четырьмя факультетами.

Отмеривают баллы большие заколдованные песочные часы в холле. Их четыре: по одному на каждый факультет. Вместо песчинок в них — драгоценные камни цвета факультета: рубины в гриффиндорских часах, жёлтые топазы — в пуффендуйских, сапфиры — в когтевранских, изумруды — в слизеринских). Когда баллы добавляются или снимаются с факультета, в соответствующих часах такое же количество камней падает в нижнюю половину или, наоборот, поднимается в верхнюю.

В конце каждого года факультет, набравший наибольшее количество очков, выигрывает кубок.

Гриффиндор

Гриффиндор (англ. Gryffondor) — отличительное качество учеников этого факультета: храбрость. Талисман — лев, цвета — алый и золотой. Декан — преподаватель трансфигурации Минерва МакГонагалл. Привидение — Почти Безголовый Ник. Основатель — Годрик Гриффиндор. Согласно Роулинг, Гриффиндор соответствует стихии огоня.

Хотя Гриффиндор считается «хорошим» факультетом, не все гриффиндорцы попадают в эту категорию. Так, Кормак Маклагген груб и невыдержан. Гриффиндорка Ромильда Вейн пыталась соблазнить Гарри Поттера, используя любовное зелье. Пожиратель Смерти Питер Петтигрю тоже учился на этом факультете.

Общая комната Гриффиндор располагается в одной из самых высоких башен, вход в которую находится на 7 этаже восточного крыла замка. Он охраняется портретом Полной Дамы в розовом платье, которая открывает проход, запрашивая пароль с любого, кто хочет войти в комнату.

На факультете Гриффиндор в разное время учились: Гарри Поттер, Рон Уизли, Гермиона Грейнджер, Невилл Долгопупс, Кэти Белл, Анджелина Джонсон, Алисия Спиннет, Фред Уизли, Джордж Уизли, Джинни Уизли, Дин Томас, Симус Финниган, Парвати Патил, Лаванда Браун, Оливер Вуд, Джеймс Поттер, Лили Эванс, Римус Люпин, Сириус Блэк, Билл Уизли, Чарли Уизли, Перси Уизли, Питер Петтигрю, Артур и Молли Уизли, Колин Криви, Златопуст Локонс, Деннис Криви, Ли Джордан, Альбус Дамблдор, Минерва МакГонагалл,Ромильда Вейн.

Подробнее об учениках см. статью Студенты факультета Гриффиндор.

Пуффендуй

Пуффендуй (англ. Hufflepuff) — ценит тяжёлый труд, верность и честность (fair play). Талисман — барсук, цвета — канареечно-жёлтый и чёрный. Декан — преподаватель травологии Помона Стебель. Привидение — Толстый Монах. Основатель — Пенелопа Пуффендуй. Согласно Роулинг, Пуффендуй соответствует стихии земли.

Гостиная и спальни Пуффендуя распологаются где-то в подвале. Вход около кухонь. Гостиная полна жёлтых гардин и мягких кресел, маленькие подземные туннели с абсолютно круглыми дверями ведут оттуда в спальни (очень похоже на барсучью нору).^[19]

В Пуффендуе учились Седрик Диггори, Нимфадора Тонкс, Эрни Макмиллан, Захария Смит, Ханна Эббот.

Подробнее об учениках см. статью Студенты факультета Пуффендуй.

Когтевран

Когтевран (англ. Ravenclaw) — ценит ум, творчество, остроумие и мудрость. Популярная когтевранская пословица гласит «wit beyond measure is man’s greatest treasure» (мудрость без меры — высшее сокровище человека). ^[20][21]. Талисман — орёл, цвета — синий и бронзовый (в фильмах заменены на синий и серебристый). Декан — профессор заклинаний Филиус Флитвик. Привидение — Серая Леди. Основатель — Кандида Когтевран. Согласно Роулинг, Когтевран соответствует стихии воздуха.

Спальни располагаются в западной части школы. Гостиная (впервые описывается в кульминации книги «Гарри Поттер и Дары Смерти») круглая, с голубыми гардинами и мягкими креслами, куполообразным потолком, на котором нарисовано звёздное небо и статуей Кандиды Когтевран в диадеме. Статуя выполнена в натуральную величину. Вход: дверь на пятом или шестом этажах с бронзовым молотком в форме орла. Для входа в гостиную требуется не назвать пароль, а правильно ответить на загадку.

На факультете Когтевран в разное время учились: Полумна Лавгуд, Чжоу Чанг, Падма Патил, Энтони Голдстейн, Терри Бут, Майкл Корнер, Роджер Дэвис.

Подробнее об учениках см. статью Студенты факультета Когтевран.

Слизерин

Слизерин (англ. Slytherin) — ценит амбициозность, хитрость, находчивость. Книга также позволяет предположить, что для слизеринцев характерна жажда власти. Талисман Слизерина — змея, цвета — зелёный и серебристый. Декан — Северус Снегг, профессор зельеварения. Его преемник на этом посту — Гораций Слизнорт, также преподававший зельеварение. Привидение — устрашающий Кровавый Барон. Согласно Роулинг, Слизерин соответствует стихии воды.^[22] Спальни и гостиная Слизерина распологаются за каменной стеной в подземельях. Гостиная Слизерина — длинная низкая комната, выдержанная в стиле подземелья, находящаяся под Хогвартским Озером, освещённая зелёными лампами и обставленная резными креслами.

К моменту поступления Гарри Поттера в Хогвартс Слизерин пользовался зловещей репутацией. Рубеус Хагрид сказал ему, что не было злой волшебницы или волшебника, который бы не учился в Слизерине. Со стороны Хагрида это было преувеличением, поскольку Сириус Блэк, которого он тогда считал убийцей многих людей и Пожирателем Смерти, учился в Гриффиндоре. Но многие злые волшебники действительно вышли из Слизерина, включая Волан-де-Морта и почти всех его сторонников (Питер Петтигрю учился в Гриффиндоре). Во время Битвы за Хогвартс ни один студент Слизерина не вызвался сражаться против Волан-де-Морта. С другой стороны, были и хорошие слизеринцы, как например Гораций Слизнорт и Северус Снегг, хотя последний сначала служил Волан-Де-Морту и лишь потом перешёл на сторону Дамблдора.

Среди качеств, влияющих на попадание в Слизерин, Сортировочная Шляпа называет чистоту крови, но до пятой книги этот фактор не упоминается. Кроме того, не все студенты Слизерина были чистокровными (примеры обратного: Северус Снегг, Том Реддл). В последней книге группа егерей заявляет, что «not many Mudbloods» («не много грязнокровок») распределяется на Слизерин, из чего следует, что некоторые нечистокровные маги туда всё-таки распределяются.

Считая, что победа над Гарри Поттером близка, Волан-де-Морт решил уничтожить все факультеты, кроме Слизерина, где учились бы все студенты Хогвартса. Однако Волан-де-Морт был побеждён и погиб, после чего Слизерин перестал быть бастионом чистой крови.^[19]

На факультете Слизерин в разное время учились: Драко Малфой, Пэнси Паркинсон, Винсент Крэбб, Грегори Гойл, Блейз Забини, Маркус Флинт, Теодор Нотт, Миллиссента Булстроуд, Эдриан Пьюси, Вейн Блэк, Том Марволо Реддл (лорд Волд-де-морт), Северус Снегг, Люциус Малфой, Регулус Блэк, Беллатриса Лестрейндж, Марволо Мракс, Морфин Мракс, Патриция Дэммингтон, Нарцисса Малфой, Родольфус Лестрейндж, Рабастан Лестрейндж, Гораций Слизнорт.

Подробнее об учениках см. статью Студенты факультета Слизерин.

Семестры, каникулы и праздники

Учебный год структурирован так же, как и в обычных школах и колледжах Великобритании.

Учебный год делится на 3 семестра, разделённых рождественскими и пасхальными каникулами, начинается 1 сентября и заканчивается в июне, после чего следуют 9-недельные летние каникулы. На рождественские и пасхальные каникулы студенты имеют право остаться в Хогвартсе. Оставшиеся на каникулы не посещают уроков, а на Рождество и Пасху для них устраивается праздник. На пасхальные каникулы преподаватели задают большое количество домашних заданий для подготовки к годовым экзаменам.

Других каникул в Хогвартсе нет. Праздников в Хогвартсе пять: первый и последний день учебного года, Хэллоуин, Рождество и Пасха. Иногда устраиваются дополнительные праздники, например, Святочный бал во время Турнира трёх волшебников.

Предметы и персонал

В Хогвартсе около 13 преподавателей, называемых (кроме преподавателя полётов на метле) профессорами, и каждый специализируется по своему предмету. Кроме того, в школе работает медсестра, завхоз, библиотекарь и лесник. Около сотни домовых эльфов работают на кухне и поддерживают чистоту в замке.

Обязательные предметы

• Трансфигурация
• Защита от тёмных искусств
• Заклинания
• Зельеварение 
• Астрономия
• История магии 
• Травология

Факультативные предметы

• Нумерология
• Древние руны
• Прорицания
• Уход за магическими существами
• Магловедение
• Полёты на метле
• Трансгрессия
• Каббалистика^[23]

Экзамены и оценки

Обычные работы оцениваются, как правило, по 100-бальной системе (от 0 до 100), хотя Гермиона получила на первом году обучения 112 % по заклинаниям, а на третьем — 320 % по магловедению.

В конце 5 курса по всем изучаемым предметам устраиватся экзамен, называемый СОВ — СуперОтменное Волшебство (англ. OWLs — Ordinary Wizarding Levels; другие варианты перевода — Стандарты Обучения Волшебству, Стандартизированные Отметки Волшебников, СОВУ — Совершенно Обычный Волшебный Уровень). На экзаменах СОВ есть следующие оценки:

• Проходные оценки
  • П — Превосходно
  • В — Выше Ожидаемого
  • У — Удовлетворительно
• Непроходные оценки
  • С — Слабо
  • О — Отвратительно
  • Т — Тролль (Рону эта последняя оценка сначала казалась шуткой Фреда и Джорджа, но потом оказалась настоящей).

Для продолжения занятий по данному предмету необходимо получить оценку не ниже У, хотя некоторые преподаватели требуют П или В. Некоторые студенты, получившие низкие оценки, продолжают в последние два года учиться на уровне СОВ.

После 7 курса ученики сдают экзамены ЖАБА — Жутко Академическая Блестящая Аттестация (англ. NEWT — Nastily Exhausting Wizarding Tests; в других переводах — ПАУК — Претруднейшая Аттестация Умений Колдуна и ТРИТОН — Типично Решаемый Изнуряющий Тест). Система оценок на ЖАБА та же, что и на СОВ, но сдаётся обычно 3-4 предмета на более углубленном уровне.

После сдачи экзаменов выпускники устраиваются на работу. Для многих профессий или должностей в требования к кандидатам входят оценки, сдаваемые предметы и их количество на экзаменах СОВ и ЖАБА.

СОВ примерно соответствует английскому экзамену GCSE, а ЖАБА — экзамену A-level.

Студенческая жизнь

День в Хогвартсе начинается с завтрака в Большом Зале. Студенты сидят за столами своих факультетов и могут есть, общаться или заканчивать домашние задания. Директор и профессора едят за Высоким Столом в дальнем конце зала. В продолжение завтрака, совы приносят студентам почту, обычно состоящую из «Ежедневного Пророка», писем от родителей и друзей и посылок из дома. Колокол оповещает о начале первого урока в 9:00.

Утренняя учёба состоит из двух сдвоенных (полуторачасовых) уроков с коротким перерывом, позволяющим перейти из класса в класс. После обеда занятия возобновляются в 13:00 и продолжаются примерно до 5 часов вечера. На некоторых уроках участвует один факультет, на других — два факультета вместе. Первокурсников иногда отпускают в пятницу в полдень. Вечером студенты ужинают в Большом Зале, после чего студенты разных факультетов расходятся по своим гостиным.

В гостиных есть кресла, софы, столы для учёбы и камины для обогрева. Студенты могут отдыхать или готовить домашние задания. Из гостиной можно попасть в спальни, снабжённые кроватями с балдахинами, занавесями цвета факультета и толстыми подушками и имеющие поднос с кувшином воды и стаканами. Рядом с каждой кроватью стоит прикроватный столик.

В некоторые выходные студентам начиная с 3-го курса разрешается посещать деревню Хогсмид. Несовершеннолетним студентам для посещения требуется письменное разрешение от родителей или опекунов. Популярны среди студентов, в частности, бары «Три метлы» и «Кабанья голова», кафе мадам Паддифут (прибежище влюблённых парочек)^[24], кондитерская «Сладкое королевство» и магазин волшебных шуток «Зонко».

Еда

Еду в Хогвартсе готовят домовые эльфы, являющиеся искусными поварами. Разнообразные блюда готовятся в кухне прямо под Большим Залом и в нужное время магически транспортируются наверх, так что они появляются перед студентами. До сих пор многие из блюд готовятся по заклинаниям Пенелопы Пуффендуй, одной из основателей Хогвартса. Большинство блюд — типично британские, хотя иногда делаются исключения (так, во время Турнира трёх волшебников в честь гостей были поданы иностранные блюда, в частности буйабес и бланманже). Обычными напитками (кроме воды) являются молоко, чай, кофе, апельсиновый и тыквенный соки. Сливочное пиво было подано лишь один раз — на балу в честь гостей Турнира трёх волшебников.

Дисциплинарные меры

Учеников могут оставить после уроков. В прошлом, если верить завхозу Аргусу Филчу, оставленным после уроков назначали пытки, например, зажимание больших пальцев в тиски. На момент повествования ученики, оставленные после уроков, должны помогать преподавателям или персоналу в скучной или опасной работе. Интересно, что в первой книге Гарри и его друзья, обнаруженные ночью вне замка, в наказание были посланы также ночью в ещё более опасное место — Запретный Лес.

В пятой книге Долорес Амбридж, назначенная Министерством магии Главным инспектором Хогвартса, заставила Гарри Поттера писать заколдованным пером, которое одновременно с письмом на пергаменте процарапывало написанное на его руке (жуткая вариация «писания строчек» — обычного наказания в английских школах). В той же книге Амбридж дала Филчу разрешение на розги, но неизвестно, применял ли он их.

Профессора могут снимать баллы или оставлять после уроков как за дисциплинарные нарушения, так и за плохие результаты в учёбе. Вне класса поддерживать дисциплину помогают старосты. В случае каких-либо споров окончательное решение принимает декан факультета.

Серьёзные дисциплинарные нарушения могут караться отчислением из школы. Гарри Поттера угрожали исключить дважды: на 2 курсе, когда он вместе с Роном Уизли прилетел в школу на летающем фордике, что привело к нарушению секретности (фордик видели маглы) и нанесению ущерба Гремучей иве, в которую их фордик врезался при посадке, и на 5 курсе, когда он вызвал Патронуса вне школы. В первом случае вопрос об исключении решала декан его факультета (не исключён, но получил предупреждение), во втором — Визенгамот (оправдан). Единственным известным случаем исключения из Хогвартса было исключение Хагрида за владение акромантулом и за открытие Тайной Комнаты, что привело к убийству Плаксы Миртл. В действительности Хагрид не открывал Тайную Комнату, а его акромантул не убивал ни Плаксу Миртл, ни других людей: эти преступления совершил Том Реддл, обвинив в них Хагрида.

В конце книги «Гарри Поттер и философский камень» сказано, что студента могут выгнать за плохую учёбу: этой участи едва избежал Гойл. Наказание подразумевает, что студент слишком глуп или слишком слаб в магии, чтобы стать волшебником или волшебницей. Они уезжают из школы, и у них переламывают палочку, запрещая колдовать.

Старосты

Студента 5, 6 и 7 курса могут назначить старостой (2 старосты от одного факультета). Они остаются старостами до конца учёбы в Хогвартсе. Старосты имеют право снимать баллы с обычных студентов и оставлять после уроков, но не могут наказывать друг друга. Они также пользуются некоторыми другими привилегиями, например, могут посещать ванную для старост. Из числа студентов 7 курса назначают старост школы: одного юношу и одну девушку. Старостой школы могут назначить как старосту факультета, так и обычного студента.

Члены «Инспекционной дружины», созданной Долорес Амбридж, имели право снимать очки даже со старост, чем с удовольствием пользовался Драко Малфой.

Потайные места в Хогвартсе

Комната, где хранится философский камень

Вход через люк в коридоре на третьем этаже. Для получения философского камня нужно преодолеть несколько препятствий, подробнее см. статью «Гарри Поттер и философский камень». В конце первого года обучения Гарри Поттера (1991/2 учебный год) философский камень уничтожен.

Тайная комната

Служит обиталищем василиска. Создана Салазаром Слизерином перед тем, как он покинул Хогвартс. Изначально василиск предназначался, чтобы очистить школу от маглорождённых студентов. Находится глубоко под землёй. Вход из туалета, где обитает Плакса Миртл. Чтобы открыть ход, надо подойти к крану со змеёй и сказать на змеином языке «Откройся». В раковине открывается тоннель. Тоннель ведёт к стене, украшенной изображением двух змей с изумрудами вместо глаз. Змеиный язык открывает проход в очень длинный, тёмный коридор, украшенный монументальными статуями змей, включая два каменных столба с высеченными на них змеями, касающимися потолка. Между столбами — колоссальная статуя Салазара Слизерина. Внутри статуи живёт василиск, выползающий изо рта статуи, когда его призывает хозяин, 16-летний Том Реддл. В прошлом Том Реддл открыл эту комнату и приказал василиску убить Плаксу Миртл. В конце 2 курса (1992/3 учебный год) Поттер вместе с фениксом убивает василиска и молодого Тома Реддла. В последней книге Рон и Гермиона вновь открывают комнату и используют клык василиска, чтобы уничтожить один из крестражей, чашу Пенелопы Пуффендуй.

Тайные ходы

Известно 9 тайных ходов из школы/в школу. Филч знает 4 из них, но куда они ведут, неизвестно. Остальные 5:

• Ход через Гремучую иву в Визжащую хижину.
• Ход за зеркалом на 4-м этаже. Куда ведёт, неизвестно. В книге «Гарри Поттер и Орден Феникса» Сириус говорит, что он достаточно велик для собрания.
• Ход через статую Одноглазой Горбуньи. Для открытия прохода надо постучать палочкой по статуе и сказать Диссендиум. Горб статуи открывает ход в подвал магазина «Сладкое Королевство». Впервые упоминается в книге «Гарри Поттер и узник Азкабана», гл. 10.
• Ход между двумя Исчезательными шкафами, один в школе, другой в лавке «Горбин и Бэркс» в Лютном переулке. Ход работал, пока Пивз не разгромил шкаф в Хогвартсе в книге «Гарри Поттер и тайная комната». В книге «Гарри Поттер и принц-полукровка» Драко Малфой (Горбин рассказывает, как починить шкаф, который находится в Хогвартсе; второй шкаф находится в лавке «Горбин и Бэрк») чинит шкафы. Ход не показан на Карте Мародёров.
• Ход из Выручай-комнаты. Открыт в книге «Гарри Поттер и дары смерти» и ведёт в трактир «Кабанья голова». Не указан на Карте Мародёров, поскольку на момент создания Карты не существовал. Впрочем, в соответствии с природой Выручай-комнаты, оттуда можно открыть несколько ходов в разные места.

Выручай-комната

«Выручай-Комната» (англ. Room of Requirement) — комната в школе чародейства и волшебства «Хогвартс» из цикла романов Дж К. Роулинг о Гарри Поттере.

Другое название — Так-и-Сяк.

Комната расположена на седьмом этаже напротив портрета Барнабаса Спятившего (оф. вариант перевода — Варнавы Вздрюченного), избиваемого троллями, которых он пытался обучить балету.

Войти в эту комнату можно, только если в этом есть насущная необходимость. Иногда она на месте, иногда нет, но когда она появляется, то бывает оборудована для нужд ищущего. Чтобы попасть в Выручай-комнату, нужно пройти мимо стены три раза, сосредоточившись на своём желании — тогда в стене появится дверь.

При этом для каждого человека комната появляется разной и такой, как он ее себе представляет. В седьмой книге сказано, что Невилл Долгопупс понимает комнату.

Гарри Поттер и Кубок Огня Альбус Дамблдор на Святочном Балу рассказывает, что, отправившись в туалет, очутился в совершенно незнакомой комнате с превосходной коллекцией ночных горшков.

Гарри Поттер и Орден Феникса Отряд Дамблдора проводил в комнате встречи и тренировки по защите от сил зла. О существовании комнаты и том, как в неё попасть, Гарри Поттер узнал от домового эльфа Добби. Вот такое описание комнаты было на занятиях ОД:

«Просторная комната, освещённая светом факелов вроде тех, что горели в подземелье восемью этажами ниже. Вдоль стен тянулись книжные полки, на полу лежали большие шёлковые подушки — вместо стульев. На стеллаже в дальнем конце стояли приборы — вредноскопы, стервовизоры, детекторы лжи и большой треснутый Проявитель врагов».

Сам Добби использовал Выручай-комнату, чтобы помочь Винки справиться с похмельем. Он также упоминает, что Аргус Филч нашёл там чистящие средства, когда у него кончился запас.

Для Фреда и Джорджа Уизли, которым нужно было спрятаться от Филча, комната превратилась в чулан с вениками.

Гарри Поттер и Принц-полукровка Гарри Поттер спрятал в Выручай-комнате свой учебник по зельеварению. При этом он обнаружил в комнате огромные залежи предметов, когда-то спрятанных обитателями Хогвартса.

Драко Малфой использовал комнату, чтобы починить исчезательный шкаф. На это время он пропадал с карты Мародёров.

Сивилла Трелони прятала в Выручай-комнате пустые бутылки из-под хереса.

Гарри Поттер и Дары смерти В седьмой книге Выручай-комната стала убежищем для учеников, вступивших в конфликт с профессором Снеггом. Большинство из них составили члены ОД. В Выручай-комнате был спрятан один из крестражей Волан-де-Морта — диадема Кандиды Когтевран. Гарри Поттер нашёл её и собирался уничтожить, но появление Драко Малфоя вместе с Крэббом и Гойлом внесло некоторые коррективы в планы Гарри. Крэбб вызвал заклинание «адского пламени», которое способно уничтожать крестражи. Оно сожгло всё вокруг. При этом Крэбб погиб. Диадема так же сгорела.

Запретный лес

Запретный Лес — громадный лес на территории школы магии и волшебства Хогвартс. «Запретным» он назван из-за того, что ученикам запрещено заходить туда без сопровождения взрослых волшебников. В Запретном Лесу обитают различные волшебные существа, многие из которых весьма опасны.

Деревья в чаще этого леса растут так густо, что там царит полумрак даже в самый яркий солнечный день.

Запретный Лес является родным домом для стада кентавров и для колонии гигантских пауков-акромантул, в нём водятся единороги и фестралы, на деревьях живут лукотрусы и феи-светляки… Одно время в Запретном Лесу жил великан Грохх, пока для него не нашли подходящую пещеру в горах, а Аргус Филч уверен, что там водятся оборотни.

Битва за Хогвартс

Битва за Хогвартс
Вторая война волшебников
Дата 1998 Место Хогвартс, Запретный лес Итог Полный разгром сил Волан-де-Морта, его гибель. Конец Второй войны волшебников.
Стороны
Хогвартс, Орден Феникса, Отряд Дамблдора	Волан-де-Морт, Пожиратели смерти
Командующие
Минерва Макгонагалл, Гарри Поттер, Римус Люпин, Кингсли Бруствер	Волан-де-Морт
Силы сторон
Орден Феникса, Отряд Дамблдора, Домашние эльфы, Кентавры, Фестралы, ученики, преподаватели и др.	Пожиратели смерти, акромантулы, великаны, и др.
Потери
Колин Криви, Фред Уизли, Римус Люпин, Нимфадора Тонкс, Северус Снегг	Волан-де-Морт, Нагайна, Беллатриса Лестрейндж, Августус Руквуд, Антонин Долохов, Селвин

Битва за Хогвартс — финальная битва второй магической войны, в которой сошлись все силы, сражавшиеся на стороне Волан-де-Морта, и силы, сражавшиеся против него.

Хронологически Битва как бы разделена на две части: до часовой передышки, объявленной Волан-де-Мортом, и после.

Первый этап

Зная, что в Хогвартс вернулся Гарри Поттер, на замок напали Пожиратели смерти, великаны, пауки-акромантулы и дементоры. Предупреждённые заранее, деканы факультетов эвакуировали учеников, не достигших совершеннолетия. Первый отпор нападавшим дали семикурсники Хогвартса во главе со своими преподавателями, их друзья и родственники, а также, по мере сил, замковые статуи и даже полтергейст Пивз. Волан-де-Морт не участвовал в сражениях, ему нужен был только Гарри Поттер, без Поттера битва для Тёмного Лорда теряла смысл. Мало того, Волан-де-Морт хотел убить Поттера лично. Поэтому, когда перевес был явно на стороне Тёмного Лорда, он объявил часовой перерыв, выставив условие: Гарри Поттер должен ему сдаться, тогда, дескать, добрый Тёмный Лорд помилует неразумных защитников Хогвартса.

Пока суд да дело, Волан-де-Морт напускает свою змею чтоб она погуляла но по пути на полпути тупит Нагайну на Северуса Снегга, полагая, что смерть Снегга сделает его хозяином Бузинной палочки, и оставляет его умирать в Визжащей хижине. Умирающий Снегг успевает передать Гарри свои воспоминания. Просмотрев их, Поттер узнаёт, что он является ещё одним, неучтённым крестражем, и его смерть необходима, если он хочет победы над Волан-де-Мортом. Он решает добровольно дать себя убить Волан-де-Морту, надеясь, что кто-нибудь другой добьёт Тёмного Лорда, когда тот станет обычным смертным. Уходя в Запретный Лес, где находится «штаб-квартира» Волан-де-Морта, он встречает Невилла Долгопупса и просит, если тому предоставится такая возможность, убить Нагайну. Нагайна была последним оставшимся крестражем, но Гарри не говорит об этом Невиллу. Просто просит убить змею Волан-де-Морта.

Гарри Поттер был готов умереть для того, чтобы Волан-де-Морт перестал мучить людей. Он добровольно пришёл в лагерь Тёмного Лорда и вполне осознанно подставил себя под его смертоносное заклятие «Авада Кедавра». После гибели Гарри попадает в некое место, находящееся между жизнью и смертью, где встречает дух Дамблдора, который объясняет, что вон то противно кричащее существо, похожее на младенца — кусок души Волан-де-Морта, от которой душа Гарри теперь освободилась. И если Гарри хочет, он может вернуться в мир живых трупов, поскольку для своего возрождения Том Реддл три года назад взял его кровь, в которой всё ещё присутствует защитная магия Лили Поттер.

Тем временем, Волан-де-Морт считает, что Поттер мёртв, Пророчество выполнено, и теперь никто не может ему угрожать. Он убирает магическую защитную клетку Нагайны, неся змею просто на плечах, велит пленному Хагриду нести тело Поттера впереди себя и выдвигается во главе своих Пожирателей смерти на Хогвартс. Гарри старательно притворяется мёртвым, хотя его очень огорчает невозможность успокоить Хагрида.

Прийдя к замку, Волан-де-Морт демонстрирует его защитникам тело Поттера и труп Гарри, полагая, что теперь сопротивление сломлено. Невилл пытается атаковать Тёмного Лорда, но его тут же разоружают и обездвиживают. Волан-де-Морт надевает на Невилла Распределяющую шляпу и поджигает её. Внезапно появляется великан Грохх, вместе с ним на войско Волан-де-Морта нападают фестралы во главе с гиппогрифом Клювокрылом и, выдерживавшие до этого нейтралитет кентавры. Они отвлекают Волан-де-Морта и Пожирателей, Невилл освобождается от заклятия, выхватывает из Шляпы Меч Гриффиндора и отсекает Нагайне голову. Воспользовавшись суматохой, Гарри скрывается под мантией-невидимкой.

Второй этап

Теперь к защитникам замка примыкают не только Грохх, фестралы и кентавры, но и жители Хогсмида, и домашние эльфы Хогвартса под предводительством Кикимера.

Постепенно Пожирателей смерти одолевают, сражение переходит в Большой зал Хогвартса, где остаются только Волан-де-Морт, сражающийся с Макгонагалл, Слизнортом и Кингсли, и Беллатриса Лейстрейндж, бьющаяся с Джинни Уизли, Полумной Лавгуд и Гермионой Грейнджер. Она посылает смертоносное заклятие в Джинни, от которого та еле уворачивается. И тут появляется миссис Уизли. Разъярённая мать, вставшая на защиту своего ребёнка — это жуткое зрелище! С криком «Не смей трогать мою дочь, мерзавка!», Молли вступает с Беллой в смертельную схватку, не позволяя никому вмешаться («С дороги! Она моя!») в их поединок. Смерть Беллатрисы придаёт силы Волан-де-Морту, он разметал своих соперников, словно сухие листья и хотел поразить миссис Уизли, но тут Гарри опустил между ними щитовые чары и скинул Мантию-невидимку.

В самом начале Гарри попросил всех не вмешиваться. Только он и Волан-де-Морт. «Так надо, чтобы это сделал я». До схватки он разъясняет Тёмному Лорду самые главные его ошибки: это и игравший на стороне Дамблдора Северус Снегг, и самопожертвование Лили Поттер, и запланированная Дамблдором собственная смерть (а не убийство, как того хотел Волан-де-Морт), и готовность самого Гарри отдать свою жизнь в обмен на защиту других людей… Ошибки, ошибки, ошибки… «Тебе пора на них учиться, Том Реддл». Том Реддл… Это имя будто лишило Волан-де-Морта его трона, его ореола непобедимого злого гения, превратило в заурядного человека. И тогда Гарри рассказывает Тому Реддлу кто на самом деле является хозяином Старшей палочки, которую «наследник Слизерина» держит в руках и полагает безотказным оружием. За несколько минут до своей смерти Дамблдор, тогдашний Хозяин Старшей палочки, был обезоружен Драко Малфоем, а Малфоя в свою очередь победил Гарри Поттер… Не веря своим ушам, Волан-де-Морт насылает на Гарри «Аваду кедавру», одновременно Гарри выкрикивает обезоруживающее заклятие «Экспелиармус», и Старшая палочка в руках Тома Реддла, не желая убивать своего истинного хозяина, поражает самого Тёмного Лорда.

Со смертью Волан-де-Морта закончилась Битва за Хогвартс.

Участники Битвы за Хогвартс

Против Волан-де-Морта и его войска сражалось много народу. Поимённо в книге названы (звёздочкой отмечены погибшие):

Ученики

Гриффиндорцы: Гарри Поттер, Рон Уизли, Гермиона Грейнджер, Невилл Долгопупс, Симус Финниган, Лаванда Браун, Парвати Патил, Дин Томас, Колин Криви *

Пуффендуйцы: Эрни Макмиллан, Энтони Голдстейн, Ханна Аббот

Когтевранцы: Полумна Лавгуд, Падма Патил, Терри Бут, Майкл Корнер, Чжоу Чанг

Преподаватели

Минерва Макгонагалл, Филиус Флитвик, Помона Стебль, Гораций Слизнорт, Рубеус Хагрид, Сивилла Трелони, кентавр Флоренц

Отряд Дамблдора (закончившие Хогвартс)

Кэти Белл, Анджелина Джонсон, Алисия Спиннет, Фред Уизли *, Джордж Уизли, Ли Джордан

Орден Феникса

Кингсли Бруствер, Римус Люпин *, Нимфадора Тонкс *, Билл Уизли, Флёр Делакур, Артур Уизли, Молли Уизли, Перси Уизли, Оливер Вуд, Аберфорт Дамблдор, Августа Долгопупс

Другие участники

Великан Грохх; домовик Кикимер; гиппогриф Клювокрыл; полтергейст Пивз; кентавр Магориан

Примечания

Ссылки

• How Many Students Are There At Hogwarts? By Steve Vander Ark.

Волшебный мир «Гарри Поттера»
Книги:	Предыстория • Философский камень • Тайная комната • Узник Азкабана • Кубок Огня • Орден Феникса • Принц-полукровка • Дары Смерти • Фантастические животные: места обитания • Квиддич сквозь века • Сказки барда Бидля
Фильмы:	Философский камень • Тайная комната • Узник Азкабана • Кубок Огня • Орден Феникса • Принц-полукровка • Дары Смерти
Игры:	Философский камень • Тайная комната • Узник Азкабана • Кубок Огня • Орден Феникса • Принц-полукровка • Чемпионат мира по квиддичу • Lego Creator: Гарри Поттер • Lego Creator: Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets
Персонажи:	Основатели школы: Годрик Гриффиндор • Пенелопа Пуффендуй • Кандида Когтевран • Салазар Слизерин Маги: Гарри Поттер • Гермиона Грейнджер • Рон Уизли • Джинни Уизли • Фред и Джордж Уизли • Невилл Долгопупс • Полумна Лавгуд • Драко Малфой • Альбус Дамблдор • Минерва Макгонагалл • Регулус Блэк • Сириус Блэк • Северус Снегг • Волан-де-Морт • Питер Петтигрю • Гораций Слизнорт • Рита Скитер • проф. Квиррелл • Римус Люпин • Аластор Грюм • Сивилла Трелони • Долорес Амбридж • Нимфадора Тонкс • Златопуст Локонс • Винсент Крэбб • Грегори Гойл • Чжоу Чанг • Седрик Диггори • Виктор Крам • Помона Стебль • Геллерт Грин-де-Вальд • Армандо Диппет • Перси Уизли • Руфус Скримджер • Гавейн Робардс • Долиш • Корнелиус Фадж • Пий Толстоватый • Кингсли Бруствер • Чарли Уизли • Молли Уизли • Билл Уизли • Артур Уизли • Мадам Помфри • Люциус Малфой • Нарцисса Малфой • Бартемий Крауч младший • Беллатриса Лестрейндж • Дедалус Диггл• Джеймс Поттер• Лили Поттер• Наземникус Флетчер• Вильгельмина Грабли-Дёрг • Габриель Делакур • Берта Джоркинс • Бартемиус Крауч • Ксенофилиус Лавгуд Маглы: Дурсли • Том Реддл Старший Сквибы: Аргус Филч • Арабелла Фигг Полулюди: Рубеус Хагрид • Олимпия Максим • Филиус Флитвик • Флёр Делакур Домовые эльфы: Добби • Кикимер • Винки Гоблины: Крюкохват • Кровняк Мастера Палочек: Олливандер • Грегорович Семьи волшебников: Дамблдоры • Уизли • Малфои • Реддлы Прочие: Эпизодические персонажи мира Гарри Поттера • Сохатый, Бродяга, Лунатик и Хвост • Волшебные существа мира Гарри Поттера • Волшебные предметы мира Гарри Поттера • Волшебство мира Гарри Поттера • Фоукс • Локации мира Гарри Поттера • Большой Зал • Турнир Трёх Волшебников
Организации:	Хогвартс • Министерство магии • Орден Феникса • Пожиратели смерти • Отряд Дамблдора • Ежедневный пророк • Придира • Клуб слизней • Г.А.В.Н.Э. • Инспекционная дружина
Дисциплины Хогвартса:	Защита от тёмных искусств • Зельеварение • Трансфигурация • Заклинания • Уход за магическими существами • Травология • Прорицания • Древние Руны • Арифмантика • Маггловедение • История магии • Астрономия
Пародии и подражатели:	Порри Гаттер • Таня Гроттер • Ларин Пётр • Барри Троттер • Наука побеждать • АнтиГарриПоттер
Дж. К. Роулинг • Warner Brothers • Bloomsbury • Electronic Arts • Росмэн • Фэндом Портал о Гарри Поттере

ФАКУЛЬТЕТ

(англ. оригинал House). В книгах Роулинг употребляется термин house в значении «колледж университета, пансион при школе».
Согласно английской системе образования, высшее учебное заведение подразделяется на отдельные колледжи, так же как и в российской системе образования — на отдельные факультеты. Правда, в данном случае понятия «колледж» и «факультет» далеко не идентичны. Российский факультет подразумевает узкую специализацию (например, факультет журналистики, исторический факультет, филологический факультет МГУ и т.д.). В Англии существует три основных типа колледжей: 1) соответствующие уровню высшей школы; 2) занимающие промежуточное положение между средними и высшими учебными заведениями; 3) соответствующие уровню средней школы и предназначенные для учащихся старше 16 лет. Кстати сказать, российские колледжи относятся как раз к третьему типу.
Английский колледж — это, скорее, структурное подразделение. Так, в двух разных колледжах Оксфордского или Кембриджского университетов, которые сохранили исторически сложившийся в начале XIII в. тип колледжа, могут изучаться одни и те же дисциплины, тем более что наряду с обязательными дисциплинами существует еще и система выбора свободных дисциплин по желанию обучающегося. Колледжи этих университетов имеют свои собственные названия, занимают отдельные здания, в которых студенты разных факультетов не только обучаются, но и живут (примерно по этой же схеме построена структура Хогвартса, который представляет собой аналог именно средневекового университета).
Колледжи, входящие в состав других университетов, представляют собой специализированные учебные заведения, пользующиеся самостоятельностью и являющиеся аналогом российских высших учебных заведений. По сложившейся традиции колледжами называют и старинные привилегированные средние школы, такие как Итон и Уинчестер.
В книгах Роулинг Гриффиндор, Слизерин, Пуффендуп и Когтевран являются именно структурными подразделениями Хогвартса (предметы в них изучаются одни и те же, присутствует также система выбора свободных дисциплин), аналогично скорее российским классам одной параллели в средней школе. Роулинг не называет эти структурные подразделения college только лишь потому, что возраст учеников Хогвартса соответствует не высшему учебному заведению, а т. н. Secondary school (при этом сохраняя структуру университета). Кроме того, Хогвартс является учебным заведением с общежитием и полным содержанием учеников, т. е. пансионом, что дословно соответствует английскому house. Но, предполагая, что Хогвартс — все же высшее учебное заведение, перевод house как «факультет» — адаптация к русскому читателю, который никак не отнесет понятие «факультет» к средней школе.

ГРИФФИНДОР

(англ. оригинал Gryffindor; возможно, от англ. griffin — грифон, который согласно греческой мифологии представляет собой животное с туловищем льва, крыльями орла и головой либо льва, либо орла, являющееся символом независимости и доблести), один из четырех факультетов Хогвартса. Декан — профессор Минерва МакГонагалл. Назван в память своего основателя Годрика Гриффиндора. На гербе — золотой лев, символ доблести, на красном поле. На этом факультете учатся благородные и отважные храбрецы с рыцарским сердцем. Вообще, герб этого факультета — прямая аллюзия на подлинные рыцарские гербы (включая цвета), на которых изображение львов встречается наиболее часто из-за своего символического значения.
За шесть лет до поступления в Хогвартс Гарри Поттера Гриффиндор проигрывал Кубок школы факультету Слизерин. За первый год обучения на факультете Гарри Поттера, т. е. за 1991/92 учебный год, получил 482 очка, из которых 50 очков получил Рон Уизли за лучшую партию в шахматы в истории школы, 50 очков получила Гермиона Грейнджер за «умение использовать холодную логику перед лицом пламени», 60 очков получил Гарри «за железную выдержку и фантастическую храбрость», 10 очков получил Невилл Долгопупс за отвагу противостояния своим друзьям ради общего блага факультета. Таким образом, Гриффиндор завоевал Кубок школы. Факультет также становился чемпионом школы в 1992/93, 1993/94 и 1994/95 учебных годах.
Общая гостиная обставлена глубокими мягкими креслами, вход в нее охраняет живой портрет Толстой Леди, пропускающей учеников после сказанного ими пароля.
Этот факультет заканчивали в свое время Альбус Дамблдор, родители Гарри, родители и братья Рона, Сириус Блэк, профессор Ремус Люпин, Питер Петтигрю, Оливер Вуд (год окончания 1994), Анжелина Джонсон (год окончания 1995). Ныне (1995/96) на последнем, седьмом курсе обучаются Фред и Джордж Уизли, а также Ли Джордан, а на пятом курсе обучаются Гарри Поттер, Гермиона Грейнджер, Рон Уизли.

КОГТЕВРАН

(англ. оригинал Ravenclaw), один из четырех факультетов Хогвартса. На гербе орел на синем поле. Назван в память основательницы Кандиды Когтевран. Там учатся те, кто отличается умом и неутомимой тягой к наукам. Имя декана пока не названо. За 1991/92 учебный год заработал 426 очков, заняв третье (видимо, традиционное) место в соревновании между факультетами. Точно не известно, выигрывал ли этот факультет Кубок школы, т.к. борьба идет в основном между факультетами Гриффиндор и Слизерин. Интересно отметить, что в символическом значении орел (символ Когтеврана) является другом льва (символ Гриффиндора) и врагом змеи (символ Слизерина). Исходя изданной трактовки символов, понятно, почему когтевранцы всегда поддерживают гриффиндорцев и радуются любой их победе над слизеринцами, иногда даже забывая о своих собственных интересах.
На данном факультете обучается Чжоу Чанг, покорившая сердце Гарри Поттера.

ПУФФЕНДУЙ

(англ. оригинал Hufflepuff; от англ. huffy — самодовольный и puff — дуновение, пыхтеть, дуть порывами. Кроме того, в английском языке существует выражение «Huff and puff», что переводится как «пыхтеть от усталости после трудной работы» — прямой намек на то, что ученикам факультета приходится приложить максимум усилий для овладения знаниями. Название «Пуффендуй» является попыткой перевода оригинального названия на русский язык), один из четырех факультетов Хогвартса. На гербе изображен барсук на желтом поле. Назван в память основательницы Пенелопы Пуффендуй. Декан — профессор Стебль. Там учатся упорные, трудолюбивые, терпеливые, достигающие все своим трудом.
Хоть и считается, что все факультеты Хогвартса одинаково выпускают из своих рядов выдающихся волшебников и волшебниц, подсознательно Пуффендуй считается далеко не самым престижным факультетом. Так, по словам Драко Малфоя перед поступлением в Хогвартс, он «лучше совсем уйдет из школы, если его определят в Пуффендуй». За 1991/92 учебный год факультет получил 352 очка, заняв свое обычное четвертое место в соревновании между факультетами. Достижения Пуффендуя за остальные годы особо не оговариваются, но можно предположить, что они не высоки. В спортивных соревнованиях факультет также числится в аутсайдерах. Правда, выдающимся студентом не только Пуффендуя, но и всей школы являлся Седрик Диггори, который представлял Хогвартс на Турнире Трех Волшебников в 1994/95 учебном году.

СЛИЗЕРИН

(англ. оригинал Slytherin; от англ. sly — хитрый, лукавый, лицемерный), один из четырех факультетов Хогвартса. Назван в память основателя Салазара Слизерина. На гербе — серебряная змея на зеленом поле. Декан — профессор Северус Снейп. Там учатся хитрецы, не стесняющиеся никаких путей при достижении цели, о чем, собственно, говорит само название факультета.
Шесть лет подряд, до поступления в Хогвартс Гарри Поттера (соответственно с 1985 по 1991) Слизерин выигрывал соревнования между факультетами и получал Кубок школы. Кроме того, семь лет подряд факультет становился чемпионом и обладателем Кубка по квиддичу. За 1991/92 учебный год Слизерин заработал 472 очка, что выводило бы его в седьмой раз на первое место среди факультетов Хогвартса, если бы не добавленные в последний момент профессором Дамблдором очки факультету Гриффиндор. Исходя из вышеизложенного, можно сделать вывод, что Слизерин в целом — самый сильный факультет Хогвартса (другой разговор, какими средствами это достигается). Так что в лице Слизерина Гриффиндор нашел достойного противника, не даром соперничество идет в основном именно между этими двумя факультетами.
Общая гостиная факультета «была низким длинным подземельем со стенами из дикого камня, с потолка на цепях свисали зеленоватые лампы. В камине, украшенном искусной резьбой, потрескивал огонь, вокруг резные кресла». Вход, так же как и у Гриффиндора, открывался с помощью пароля.
На этом факультете учится недруг Гарри Драко Малфой, его приспешники В. Крэбб Г. Гойл, Э. Пьюси, П. Паркинсон, М. Флинт и др. В свое время этот факультет заканчивали Том Реддл (он же Волдеморт), родители Драко Малфоя, нынешний декан Слизерина профессор Северус Снейп.