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Toy Story
Theatrical release poster
Directed by	John Lasseter
Screenplay by	Joss Whedon Andrew Stanton Joel Cohen Alec Sokolow
Story by	John Lasseter Pete Docter Andrew Stanton Joe Ranft
Produced by	Bonnie Arnold Ralph Guggenheim
Starring	Tom Hanks Tim Allen Don Rickles Jim Varney Wallace Shawn John Ratzenberger Annie Potts John Morris Erik von Detten
Edited by	Robert Gordon Lee Unkrich
Music by	Randy Newman
Production companies	Walt Disney Pictures Pixar Animation Studios
Distributed by	Buena Vista Pictures Distribution
Release dates	November 19, 1995 (El Capitan Theatre) November 22, 1995 (United States)
Running time	81 minutes[1]
Country	United States
Language	English
Budget	$30 million[2]
Box office	$394.4 million[3]

Toy Story is a 1995 American computer-animated comedy film directed by John Lasseter (in his feature directorial debut), produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures. The first installment in the Toy Story franchise, it was the first entirely computer-animated feature film, as well as the first feature film from Pixar. It was written by Joss Whedon, Andrew Stanton, Joel Cohen, and Alec Sokolow from a story by Lasseter, Stanton, Pete Docter, and Joe Ranft. The film features music by Randy Newman, was produced by Bonnie Arnold and Ralph Guggenheim, and was executive-produced by Steve Jobs and Edwin Catmull. The film features the voices of Tom Hanks, Tim Allen, Don Rickles, Jim Varney, Wallace Shawn, John Ratzenberger, Annie Potts, R. Lee Ermey, John Morris, Laurie Metcalf, and Erik von Detten.

Taking place in a world where toys come to life when humans are not present, the plot of Toy Story focuses on the relationship between an old-fashioned pull-string cowboy doll named Woody and a modern space cadet action figure, Buzz Lightyear, as Woody develops jealousy towards Buzz when he becomes their owner Andy’s favorite toy.

Following the success of Tin Toy, a short film that was released in 1988, Pixar was approached by Disney to produce a computer-animated feature film that was told from a small toy’s perspective. Lasseter, Stanton, and Docter wrote early story treatments, which were rejected by Disney, who wanted the film’s tone to be «edgier». After several disastrous story reels, production was halted and the script was rewritten to better reflect the tone and theme Pixar desired: «toys deeply want children to play with them, and … this desire drives their hopes, fears, and actions». The studio, then consisting of a relatively small number of employees, produced Toy Story under only minor financial constraints.

Toy Story premiered at the El Capitan Theatre in Los Angeles, California, United States, on November 19, 1995, and was released in theaters in North America on November 22 of that year. It was the highest-grossing film during its opening weekend,^[2] eventually grossing over $373 million worldwide, making it the second highest-grossing film of 1995. The film received critical acclaim, and holds a 100% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes. It was praised for the technical innovation of the 3D animation, screenplay, musical score, and vocal performances (particularly Hanks and Allen); it is considered by many to be one of the best animated films ever made.^[4] The film received three Academy Award nominations (Best Original Screenplay (the first animated film to be nominated for this award), Best Original Song for «You’ve Got a Friend in Me», and Best Original Score) as well as honoring a non-competitive Special Achievement Academy Award.^[5]

In 2005, Toy Story was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being «culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant», one of seven films designated in its first year of eligibility. The success of Toy Story launched a multimedia franchise and a series of three sequels, starting with Toy Story 2 (1999). The film also had a theatrical 3D re-release in 2009 as a part of a double feature with the second film.
A spin-off, Lightyear, was released in 2022, with Chris Evans voicing the in-universe human Buzz Lightyear who inspired the action figure toyline in the Toy Story films.

Plot[edit]

In a world where toys come alive when humans are not present, a group of toys is preparing to move into a new house with their owner, Andy Davis, his sister, Molly, and their single mother. The toys become uneasy when Andy has his birthday party a week early; pullstring cowboy doll Sheriff Woody, Andy’s favorite toy and their leader, sends Sarge and his green army men to spy on the gift-opening with a baby monitor in hopes of calming the others. The other toys (which include Mr. Potato Head, Slinky Dog, Rex (a toy dinosaur), Hamm (a piggy bank) and Bo Peep (a porcelain doll) are relieved when Andy receives nothing that could replace them. Andy then receives a last-minute surprise gift from his mother: a Buzz Lightyear action figure, who believes he is an actual space ranger. Buzz impresses the other toys with his various features, and becomes Andy’s new favorite toy, making Woody jealous.

Two days before the move, Andy’s family plans for a dinner at Pizza Planet, where Andy is allowed to bring along only one toy. To ensure Andy chooses him and not Buzz, Woody tries to use the radio-controlled car RC to knock Buzz behind the dresser, but accidentally knocks him out a window instead. The other toys (except for Bo and Slinky) suspect Woody deliberately tried to kill Buzz, but Andy arrives and takes Woody before they can exact revenge. A furious Buzz stows away in the car, and confronts Woody when the car stops at a gas station on the way to Pizza Planet. The two fight, fall out of the car, and are left behind.

After a further argument, the two hitch a ride on a Pizza Planet delivery truck and sneak into the restaurant. However, Buzz mistakes a claw crane full of Little Green Men for a spaceship, and enters it, with Woody in pursuit. Andy’s sadistic next-door neighbor Sid Phillips spots and wins the two, along with a Little Green Man, and takes them to his house. Woody and Buzz encounter Sid’s vicious Bull Terrier Scud and some «mutant» toys made from parts of other toys Sid has destroyed.

As Woody tries to find an escape route, Buzz is shocked to see a Buzz Lightyear action figure television commercial that proves that he is indeed just a toy. In denial, he attempts to fly, but fails, breaking his arm. After the mutant toys fix Buzz, Sid returns and tapes Buzz to a rocket, intending to blow him up, but he is forced to wait until the next morning due to bad weather. Woody helps Buzz realize that his purpose is making Andy happy, while admitting his own insecurities. This conversation restores Buzz’s resolve, and the two work to get out of Sid’s house. Just as Sid takes Buzz out to attempt to launch him, Woody rallies the mutant toys to frighten Sid into never harming toys again, freeing him and Buzz.

Woody and Buzz pursue Andy’s moving truck, but Scud sees them and gives chase, biting Woody’s ankle. Buzz fights off Scud, while Woody climbs into the truck and pushes RC out, using him to distract Scud and rescue Buzz. The other toys, thinking Woody is now trying to get rid of RC, toss Woody back into the street. Having escaped Scud, Buzz and Woody pursue the truck on RC, and the other toys spot them coming and realize their error. During the chase, RC’s batteries run out, forcing Woody to light the rocket still strapped to Buzz. As they launch towards the truck, they become airborne, and Woody drops RC into the truck. Buzz opens his wings to sever the tape just before the rocket explodes; he and Woody glide over the truck and fall through the sunroof of Andy’s car, landing safely beside Andy.

At Christmas, in the new house, Sarge and his men spy on the gift-opening again while the other toys wait. Mr. Potato Head is delighted when Molly gets a Mrs. Potato Head, and Woody and Buzz jokingly ponder what gift could be «worse» than Buzz, only to nervously smile at each other when Andy gets a dachshund puppy.

Voice cast[edit]

• Tom Hanks as Woody, a pullstring cowboy doll who is Andy’s favorite toy.
• Tim Allen as Buzz Lightyear, a Space Ranger action figure and Woody’s rival, who later becomes his friend.
• Don Rickles as Mr. Potato Head, a cynical potato-shaped doll with put-together pieces on his body.
• Jim Varney as Slinky Dog, a dachshund slinky toy.
• Wallace Shawn as Rex, a nervous green Tyrannosaurus figurine.
• John Ratzenberger as Hamm, a smart-talking piggy bank.
• Annie Potts as Bo Peep, a porcelain shepherdess doll and Woody’s love interest.
• John Morris as Andy Davis, the toys’ owner.
• Erik von Detten as Sid Phillips, Andy’s next-door neighbor, who destroys toys for fun.
• Laurie Metcalf as Mrs. Davis, Andy and Molly’s single mother.
• R. Lee Ermey as Sergeant, the leader of a large troop of plastic green army men.
• Sarah Freeman as Hannah Phillips, Sid’s younger sister.
• Penn Jillette as the Buzz Lightyear TV commercial announcer.

Production[edit]

Development[edit]

John Lasseter’s first experience with computer animation was during his work as an animator at Walt Disney Feature Animation, when two of his friends showed him the light-cycle scene from Tron. It was an eye-opening experience that awakened Lasseter to the possibilities offered by the new medium of computer-generated animation.^[6] Lasseter tried to pitch The Brave Little Toaster as a fully computer-animated film to Disney, but the idea was rejected and Lasseter was fired.^[7] He then went on to work at Lucasfilm and in 1986, he became a founding member of Pixar. In 1986, Pixar was purchased by entrepreneur and Apple Inc. co-founder Steve Jobs.^[8] At Pixar, Lasseter created short, computer-animated films to show off the Pixar Image Computer’s capabilities. In 1988, Lasseter produced the short film, Tin Toy, which was told from the perspective of a toy, referencing Lasseter’s love of classic toys. Tin Toy won the 1989 Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film, the first computer-generated film to do so.^[9]

Tin Toy gained Disney’s attention, and the new team at The Walt Disney Company, CEO Michael Eisner and chairman Jeffrey Katzenberg in the film division, sought to get Lasseter to come back.^[9] Lasseter, grateful for Jobs’ faith in him, felt compelled to stay with Pixar, telling co-founder Ed Catmull, «I can go to Disney and be a director, or I can stay here and make history.»^[9] Katzenberg realized he could not lure Lasseter back to Disney and therefore set plans into motion to ink a production deal with Pixar to produce a film. ^[9] Disney had always made all their movies in-house and refused to change this. But when Tim Burton, who used to work at Disney, wanted to buy back the rights to The Nightmare Before Christmas, Disney struck a deal allowing him to make it as a Disney film outside the studio. This allowed Pixar to make their movies outside Disney.^[10]

Both sides were willing. Catmull and fellow Pixar co-founder Alvy Ray Smith had long wanted to produce a computer-animated feature, but only by the early 1990s were the computers cheap and powerful enough to make this possible.^[11][12] In addition, Disney had licensed Pixar’s Computer Animation Production System (CAPS), and that made it the largest customer for Pixar’s computers.^[13] Jobs made it apparent to Katzenberg that although Disney was happy with Pixar, it was not the other way around: «We want to do a film with you,» said Jobs. «That would make us happy.»^[13]

Catmull, Smith, and head of animation Ralph Guggenheim met with Walt Disney Feature Animation president Peter Schneider in the summer of 1990 to discuss making a feature film, but they found the atmosphere to be puzzling and contentious. They later learned that while Katzenberg was pushing the idea of working with Pixar, Schneider did not want to bring in a non-Disney animation studio. Katzenberg arranged to meet directly with the Pixar contingent, this time including Lasseter and Jobs. The Pixar team proposed a Christmas television special, A Tin Toy Christmas, as a first step, but Katzenberg countered that as long as they were gearing up to transition from 30-second commercials to a half-hour special, they might as well go all the way and make a feature-length film.^[14] Katzenberg also made it clear that he was only working with Pixar to get access to Lasseter’s talents ^[13][14] and that the Pixar team would be signing up to work with a self-described «tyrant» and micro-manager,^[13][14] but invited them to talk with Disney’s animators and get their opinions on working under him. Lasseter was impressed with what he heard, and the two companies began negotiations,^[15] although they disagreed on key points including whether Disney would get the rights to Pixar’s animation technology^[15] or whether Pixar would retain partial ownership of the films, characters, and home video and sequel rights.^[13] As Pixar was nearing bankruptcy and desperate for funds,^[13] they settled on a deal that would allow Disney to have complete ownership and control of the films and characters, including the rights to make sequels without Pixar’s involvement, while Pixar would get approximately 12.5% of ticket sales.^[16][17] These early negotiations became a point of contention between Jobs and Eisner for many years.^[13]

An agreement to produce a feature film based on Tin Toy with a working title of Toy Story was finalized, and production began soon thereafter.^[18]

Writing[edit]

Originally, Toy Story was going to feature «Tinny», the wind-up one-man band toy from the Tin Toy short film, along with «the dummy», a ventriloquist’s dummy. While the film’s premise was still about toys’ desire to be played with by children, the rest of the film’s script, which involved Tinny being left behind at a gas station, meeting up with the dummy, and having a series of adventures before finding their way into a kindergarten classroom where they can be played with every day, was quite different.^[19] Katzenberg was unhappy with the treatment drafted by Lasseter, Andrew Stanton, and Pete Docter, as the two character’s motivations were too similar. Instead, he encouraged them to write it as a buddy film, giving the two main characters contrasting personalities, and having them only become friends after being forced to work together.^[20][21] Lasseter, Stanton, and Docter delivered a revised treatment in September 1991 that more closely resembles the final version of the film: Tinny replaces the ventriloquist dummy as a child’s favorite toy, their bickering causes them to be left behind at a gas station, they almost catch up to the family at a pizza restaurant, they have to escape a kid that mutilates toys, and the movie ends with a chase scene as the two toys try to catch up to the family’s moving van.^[20]

The script went through many changes before the final version of it. Lasseter decided Tinny was «too antiquated»; the character was first changed to a military action figure and was then given a space theme. Tinny’s name changed to Lunar Larry, then Tempus from Morph, and eventually Buzz Lightyear (after astronaut Buzz Aldrin).^[22] Lightyear’s design was modeled on the suits worn by Apollo astronauts as well as G.I. Joe action figures. Also, the green and purple color scheme on Lightyear’s suit was inspired by Lasseter and his wife, Nancy, whose favorite colors are green and purple, respectively.^[23][24] Woody was inspired by a Casper the Friendly Ghost doll that Lasseter had when he was a child; he was a ventriloquist’s dummy with a pull-string (hence the name «Woody»). This was until character designer Bud Luckey suggested that Woody could be changed to a cowboy ventriloquist dummy. Lasseter liked the contrast between the Western and the science fiction genres and the character immediately changed. Eventually, all of the ventriloquist dummy aspects of the character were deleted as the dummy looked «sneaky and mean».^[25] However they kept the name «Woody» to pay homage to the Western actor Woody Strode.^[22] The story department drew inspiration from films such as Midnight Run and The Odd Couple,^[26] and Lasseter screened Hayao Miyazaki’s Castle in the Sky for further influence.

Since Toy Story‘s script writers had little experience with feature films, they attended a seminar given by screenwriter Robert McKee.^[25] They were inspired by his guidance, based on Aristotle’s Poetics, that the main character in a story should be defined by how they react to the obstacles they face, and that it is those obstacles that make characters interesting.^[27] Disney also appointed the duo Joel Cohen and Alec Sokolow and, later, Joss Whedon to help develop the script. Whedon thought that while the script did not work, it had «a great structure». He added the character of Rex and sought a pivotal role for a Barbie doll; the latter transformed into Bo Peep as Mattel would not license the character.^[28] Whedon also re-visioned Buzz Lightyear from being a dim-witted but cheerful and self-aware character to an action figure who isn’t aware that he’s a toy—an epiphany that transformed the film.^[29] A brainstorming session with members of Disney Animation’s creative team resulted in the addition of the three-eyed squeaky toy aliens.^[30]

Casting[edit]

Katzenberg approved the script on January 19, 1993, at which point voice casting began.^[31]

Paul Newman, who subsequently accepted the role of Doc Hudson in another Pixar film, Cars, which was released in 2006, was considered for the role of Woody.^[32] Robin Williams and Clint Eastwood were also considered for the role.^[33] Lasseter always wanted Tom Hanks to play the character of Woody. Lasseter claimed that Hanks «has the ability to take emotions and make them appealing. Even if the character, like the one in A League of Their Own, is down-and-out and despicable.»^[31] To gauge how an actor’s voice might fit with a character, Lasseter borrowed a common Disney technique: animate a vocal monologue from a well-established actor to meld the actor’s voice with the appearance or actions of the animated character.^[28] This early test footage, using Hanks’ voice from Turner & Hooch, convinced Hanks to sign on to the film.^[31][34]

Billy Crystal was approached to play Buzz, and was given his own monologue, utilizing dialogue from When Harry Met Sally. However, he turned down the role, believing the film would be unsuccessful due to its animation. Crystal regretted this upon seeing the film; he subsequently accepted the role of Mike Wazowski in another Pixar film, Monsters, Inc., which was released in 2001. In addition to Crystal, Bill Murray, Chevy Chase and Jim Carrey, along with a number of other actors, including Jason Alexander, Dan Aykroyd, Matthew Broderick, Kevin Costner, Michael J. Fox, Richard Gere, David Hasselhoff, Michael Keaton (who later voiced Ken in Toy Story 3), Wayne Knight (who later voiced Al in Toy Story 2), Bill Paxton, Dennis Quaid, Kurt Russell, Adam Sandler and John Travolta, were also considered for the role of Buzz.^{[35][36][37][38][39][40][41]} Lasseter took the role to Tim Allen, who was appearing in Disney’s Home Improvement, and he accepted.^[42] Crystal later stated in an interview that he would not have been right as Buzz, and that Allen was «fantastic» in the role.^[43][44] Before Wallace Shawn and Jim Varney were cast as Rex and Slinky Dog, Rick Moranis and John Cleese were originally considered for the roles.^[33]

To cast Andy, Pixar held an open call for young male actors to bring a toy with them. Morris brought multiple toys, specifically 45 X-Men figures, contrary to the instructions of bringing just one, and Pixar re-acted to his dumping of the toys with laughter.^[45]

Toy Story was both Hanks’s and Allen’s first animated film, and they recorded their lines together to make their characters’ chemistry and interactions realistic.^[46]

Production shutdown[edit]

Every couple of weeks, Lasseter and his team showed Disney their latest storyboards or footage. Disney was impressed by Pixar’s technical innovation, but less-so of the plot. Katzenberg discarded most of Pixar’s script ideas, giving his own extensive notes. Katzenberg primarily wanted to add «more edginess» to the two main characters,^[21] as Disney wanted Toy Story to appeal to both children and adults, and they asked for adult references to be added to the film.^[31] The characters ended up being stripped of their charm,^[21][42] with Hanks, while recording Woody’s dialogue for the story reels, complaining that the character had been made into a «real jerk».^[21] Pixar screened the first half of the film for Disney executives on November 19, 1993—an event they later dubbed the «Black Friday Incident».^[31][47] The results were disastrous, and Disney’s head of feature animation, Peter Schneider, halted production.^[48] Katzenberg asked colleague Thomas Schumacher why the reels were bad, to which Schumacher answered, «Because it’s not their movie anymore; it’s completely not the movie that John set out to make.»^[47]

Lasseter was embarrassed by the current state of the film, later recalling, «It was a story filled with the most unhappy, mean characters that I’ve ever seen.» Katzenberg allowed him to take the script back to Pixar for rewrites,^[47] and the production crew shifted to television commercials while the head writers worked out a new script, being funded personally by Jobs until Disney resumed production.^[47] Although Lasseter attempted to keep morale high by remaining outwardly buoyant, the production shutdown was «a very scary time», recalled story department manager BZ Petroff.^[49] Schneider appealed directly to Eisner to cancel the project altogether.^[50][20] Stanton and the other story artists worked to quickly produce new script pages, with help from consultants such as Whedon, and the revisions were completed in two weeks as promised.^[49]

Pixar’s script rewrites took three months, and saw Woody transformed from a tyrant to a wise leader. It also included a more adult-oriented staff meeting amongst the toys rather than the juvenile group discussion that had existed in earlier drafts. Buzz Lightyear’s character was also changed «to make it more clear to the audience that he genuinely doesn’t know he’s a toy».^[50] Katzenberg and Schneider resumed production with the new script by February 1994,^[47] and the voice actors returned one month later to record their new lines.^[31] The crew grew from 24 people to 110, and now included 27 animators and 22 technical directors.^[51][52] In comparison, The Lion King, released in 1994, required a budget of $45 million and a staff of 800.^[51] In the early budgeting process, Jobs was eager to produce the film as efficiently as possible, impressing Katzenberg with his focus on cost-cutting. However, the $17 million production budget was no longer going to be sufficient, and Jobs demanded more funds from Disney to compensate them for the time lost in rewrites based on Katzenberg’s notes. Catmull was able to reach a compromise on a new budget, but the incident led Jobs to rethink their deal with Disney.^[47]

Animation[edit]

Recruiting animators for Toy Story was brisk; the magnet for talent was not mediocre pay but the allure of taking part in the first computer-animated feature.^[52] Lasseter said of the challenges of computer animation, «We had to make things look more organic. Every leaf and blade of grass had to be created. We had to give the world a sense of history. So the doors are banged up, the floors have scuffs.»^[31] The film began with animated storyboards to guide the animators in developing the characters. 27 animators worked on the film, using 400 computer models to animate the characters. Each character was first either created out of clay or modeled from a computer-drawn diagram before reaching the computer-animated design.^[54] Once the animators had a model, its articulation and motion controls were coded; this allowed each character to move in a variety of ways, such as talking, walking, or jumping.^[54] Out of all of the characters, Woody was the most complex, as he required 723 motion controls, including 212 for his face and 58 for his mouth.^[31][55] The first piece of animation, a 30-second test, was delivered to Disney in June 1992, when the company requested a sample of what the film would look like. Lasseter wanted to impress Disney with several things in the test that could not be done in traditional, hand-drawn animation, such as Woody’s yellow plaid shirt with red stripes, the reflections in Buzz’s helmet and the decals on his spacesuit, or Venetian blind shadows falling across Andy’s room.^[25]

There were eight teams that were responsible for different aspects of all of the shots. The art department was responsible for determining the overall color and lighting scheme.^[56] The layout department was responsible for determining the position of all elements of the shot, as well as programming the virtual camera’s position and movements.^[56] The animation department created the movements of the characters, generally with one animator being assigned to animate an entire shot, but occasionally with each character having its own animator.^[56] The shading team used Pixar’s RenderMan software to assign surface textures and reflectivity properties to objects.^[57] The lighting team placed global, spot, and flood lighting within the scenes.^[57] The «Render Farm» used Sun Microsystems computers, running around the clock, to produce the final frames of the film.^[30] The camera team recorded the finished frames, which had been rendered at a resolution of 1536 by 922, onto film stock.^[30] Finally, Skywalker Sound mixed sound effects, the musical score, and the dialogue to create the audio for the film.^[55]

In order to make the film feel as realistic as possible, the layout department, led by Craig Good, avoided the sweeping camera shots popular in computer animation at the time, and instead focused on emulating what would have been possible had the film been shot in live-action with real film cameras.^[56] The animation department, led by Rich Quade and Ash Brannon, used Pixar’s Menv software to hand pose the characters at key frames based on videotape of the actors recording their lines, and let the software do the inbetweening.^[58] To sync the characters’ mouths and facial expressions to the actors’ recorded voices, animators spent a week per eight seconds of animation, as Lasseter felt that automatic lip syncing would not properly convey a character’s emotions.^[54][58] The shading team, led by Tom Porter, used scans of real objects, as well as textures drawn by artists and created with procedural generation algorithms, to «dress» the objects in the film.^[57]

The film required 800,000 machine hours and 114,240 frames of animation in total, divided between 1,561 shots that totaled over 77 minutes.^{[31][54][59][56]} Pixar was able to render less than 30 seconds of the film per day.^[60]

Music[edit]

Lasseter did not want to make Toy Story into a musical, as he felt that it would make the film feel less genuine. Whedon later agreed, saying «It would have been a really bad musical because it’s a buddy movie. It’s about people who won’t admit what they want, much less sing about it. … Buddy movies are about sublimating, punching an arm, ‘I hate you.’ It’s not about open emotion.»^[31] However, Disney preferred to make it a musical, as they had had much success with incorporating Broadway-style musical numbers into their animated films, and encouraged Pixar to do the same.^[31] As a compromise, although the characters would not sing, the movie would feature non-diegetic songs as background music.^[28] Randy Newman was hired, and composed three original songs for the film. The film’s signature song «You’ve Got a Friend in Me», was written in one day.^[31]

On Newman, Lasseter said, «His songs are touching, witty, and satirical, and he would deliver the emotional underpinning for every scene.»^[31] The soundtrack for Toy Story was produced by Walt Disney Records and was released on November 22, 1995, the week of the film’s release.^[61]

Editing and pre-release[edit]

Editors, including Lee Unkrich, worked on Toy Story up until the September 1995 deadline to deliver a final cut for scoring and sound design.^[61] According to Unkrich, a scene removed from the original final edit featured Sid torturing Buzz and Woody violently at his house; Unkrich decided to cut right into the scene where Sid is interrogating Woody because the film’s creators thought the audience would love Buzz and Woody by that point.^[62] Another scene, in which Woody tried to get Buzz’s attention when he was stuck in the box crate, was shortened because the creators felt it would lose the energy of the film.^[62] A test screening in July 1995 received encouraging responses from the audience, but the film was not rated as highly as had been hoped, leading to another last-minute round of edits.^[61] Eisner, who attended the screening, suggested that the final shot of the film should be of both Woody and Buzz, leading to the film’s final shot of the two worried about the arrival of Andy’s new puppy.^[61]

Crew members had difficulty analysing the film’s quality due to footage being in scattered pieces.^[60] Some animators felt the film would be a significant disappointment commercially but felt animators and animation fans would find it interesting.^[60] Schneider had grown optimistic about the film as it neared completion, and he announced a United States release date of November, coinciding with Thanksgiving weekend and the start of the winter holiday season.^[63]

Sources indicate that Jobs lacked confidence in the film during its production, and had been exploring the possibility of selling Pixar to companies such as Hallmark Cards and Microsoft.^[47][63] However, as the film progressed, Jobs, like Schneider, became increasingly passionate about the film and the transformative nature of what Pixar might be able to accomplish. Eager for Pixar to have the funds necessary to negotiate with Disney as an equal partner, and optimistic about the impact the finished film would have, Jobs decided that he would schedule an initial public offering (IPO) of Pixar just a week after the film’s November release.^[47]

Release[edit]

Both Disney and Pixar held separate premiers for Toy Story, with Disney holding theirs at their flagship El Capitan Theatre in Los Angeles on November 19, 1995, and Pixar holding theirs the following night at the Regency Center in San Francisco. According to David Price’s 2008 book The Pixar Touch, the film deeply resonated with audiences, with even the adults being noticeably moved by the film.^[64]

The theatrical release of the film was preceded by either the Roger Rabbit short Roller Coaster Rabbit or the early Pixar short The Adventures of André and Wally B.. In addition to showing at the El Capitan, where tickets included admission to the Totally Toy Story funhouse that Disney had built in the Hollywood Masonic Temple next door,^[65] the film opened on 2,281 screens on the 22nd and later expanded to 2,574.^[64]

The film was also shown at the Berlin International Film Festival out of competition from February 15 to 26, 1996.^[66][67] Elsewhere, the film opened in March 1996.^[63]

Marketing[edit]

Marketing for Toy Story included $20 million spent by Disney for advertising as well as advertisers such as Burger King, PepsiCo, Coca-Cola, and Payless ShoeSource paying $125 million in promotions for the film.^[68] Marketing consultant Al Ries reflected on the promotion: «This will be a killer deal. How can a kid, sitting through a one-and-a-half-hour movie with an army of recognizable toy characters, not want to own one?»^[69] Despite this, Disney Consumer Products was slow to see the potential of Toy Story.^[63] When the Thanksgiving release date was announced in January 1995, many toy companies were accustomed to having eighteen months to two years of lead time and passed on the project. Disney shopped the film at the Toy Fair trade show in February 1995, where only the small Canadian company Thinkway Toys, was interested in licensing the toy rights for the Toy Story characters.^[70] Disney promoted the film by inserting its trailer into the home-video re-release of Cinderella, showing a behind-the-scenes documentary on the Disney Channel, and incorporating the characters into a parade at the Disney-MGM Studios theme park in Florida.^[61]

It was screenwriter Joss Whedon’s idea to incorporate Barbie as a character who could rescue Woody and Buzz in Toy Story‘s final act.^[71] The idea was dropped after Mattel objected and refused to license the toy. Producer Ralph Guggenheim claimed that Mattel did not allow the use of the toy as «They [Mattel] philosophically felt girls who play with Barbie dolls are projecting their personalities onto the doll. If you give the doll a voice and animate it, you’re creating a persona for it that might not be every little girl’s dream and desire.»^[31] Hasbro likewise refused to license G.I. Joe (mainly because Sid was going to blow one up, prompting the filmmakers to instead use a fictional toy, Combat Carl), but they did license Mr. Potato Head.^[31] The only toy in the film that was not in production was Slinky Dog, which had been discontinued since the 1970s. When designs for Slinky were sent to Betty James (Richard James’s wife) she said that Pixar had improved the toy and that it was «cuter» than the original.^[72]

3-D re-release[edit]

On October 2, 2009, Toy Story was re-released in Disney Digital 3-D.^[73] The film was also released with Toy Story 2 as a double feature for a two-week run^[74] which was extended due to its success.^[75] In addition, the film’s second sequel, Toy Story 3, was also released in the 3-D format.^[73] Lasseter commented on the new 3-D re-release:

The Toy Story films and characters will always hold a very special place in our hearts and we’re so excited to be bringing this landmark film back for audiences to enjoy in a whole new way thanks to the latest in 3-D technology. With Toy Story 3 shaping up to be another great adventure for Buzz, Woody, and the gang from Andy’s room, we thought it would be great to let audiences experience the first two films all over again and in a brand new way.^[76]

Translating the film into 3-D involved revisiting the original computer data and virtually placing a second camera into each scene, creating left eye and right eye views needed to achieve the perception of depth.^[77] Unique to computer animation, Lasseter referred to this process as «digital archaeology».^[77] The process took four months, as well as an additional six months for the two films to add the 3-D. The lead stereographer Bob Whitehill oversaw this process and sought to achieve an effect that affected the emotional storytelling of the film:

When I would look at the films as a whole, I would search for story reasons to use 3-D in different ways. In Toy Story, for instance, when the toys were alone in their world, I wanted it to feel consistent with a safer world. And when they went out to the human world, that’s when I really blew out the 3-D to make it feel dangerous and deep and overwhelming.^[77]

Unlike other countries, the United Kingdom received the films in 3-D as separate releases. Toy Story was released on October 2, 2009. Toy Story 2 was instead released January 22, 2010.^[78] The re-release performed well at the box office, opening with $12,500,000 in its opening weekend, placing at the third position after Zombieland and Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs.^[79] The double feature grossed $30.7 million in its five-week release.^[79]

Home media[edit]

Toy Story was released by Walt Disney Home Video on VHS and LaserDisc in the United States and Canada on October 29, 1996, with no bonus material. Within the first few weeks of this release, VHS rentals and sales totaled $5.1 million, ranking Toy Story as the No. 1 video, beating out Twister.^[80][81] Over 21.5 million VHS copies were sold during the first year.^[82] A deluxe edition widescreen LaserDisc 4-disc box set was released on December 18, 1996. This THX certified LaserDisc release features bonus material, such as the history and development of characters, storyboards and story reels, abandoned concepts and characters, outtakes, deleted animation and trailers.^[83] On January 11, 2000, the film was re-released on VHS, but this time as the first video to be part of the Walt Disney Gold Classic Collection with the bonus short film Tin Toy. This release sold two million copies.^[82]

Toy Story was released for the first time on DVD on October 17, 2000, in a two-pack with its first sequel Toy Story 2. The same day, a 3-disc «Ultimate Toy Box» set was released, featuring Toy Story, Toy Story 2, and the third disc of bonus materials.^[82] The twin-pack release was later released individually on March 20, 2001. The DVD two-pack, the Ultimate Toy Box set, the Gold Classic Collection VHS and DVD, and the original DVD were all put in the Disney Vault on May 1, 2003. On September 6, 2005, a 2-disc «10th Anniversary Edition» was released featuring much of the bonus material from the «Ultimate Toy Box», including a retrospective special with John Lasseter and a brand new DTS sound mix.^[84] This DVD went back in the Disney Vault on January 31, 2009, along with Toy Story 2. The 10th Anniversary release was the last version of Toy Story to be released before being taken out of the Disney Vault lineup along with Toy Story 2. Also on September 6, 2005, a UMD of Toy Story featuring some deleted scenes, a filmmakers’ reflect, and a new «Legacy of Toy Story» was released for the Sony PlayStation Portable.

Toy Story was available for the first time on Blu-ray in a Special Edition Combo Pack that included two discs, the Blu-ray, and the DVD versions of the film. This combo-edition was released by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment on March 23, 2010, along with its sequel.^[85] There was a DVD-only re-release on May 11, 2010.^[86] Another «Ultimate Toy Box», packaging the Combo Pack with those of both sequels, became available on November 2, 2010. On November 1, 2011, the first three Toy Story films were re-released all together, each as a DVD/Blu-ray/Blu-ray 3D/Digital Copy combo pack (four discs each for the first two films, and five for the third film). They were also released on Blu-ray 3D in a complete trilogy box set. The film had a re-release on 4K ULTRA HD Blu-ray on June 4, 2019.^[87]

Reception[edit]

Box office[edit]

Before the film’s release, executive producer and Apple Inc. co-founder Steve Jobs stated «If Toy Story is a modest hit—say $75 million at the box office, we’ll [Pixar and Disney] both break even. If it gets $100 million, we’ll both make money. But if it’s a real blockbuster and earns $200 million or so at the box office, we’ll make good money, and Disney will make a lot of money.» Upon its release on November 22, 1995, Toy Story managed to gross more than $350 million worldwide.^[59] Disney chairman Michael Eisner stated «I don’t think either side thought Toy Story would turn out as well as it has. The technology is brilliant, the casting is inspired, and I think the story will touch a nerve. Believe me, when we first agreed to work together, we never thought their first movie would be our 1995 holiday feature, or that they could go public on the strength of it.»^[59] The film’s first five days of domestic release (on Thanksgiving weekend) earned it $39.1 million.^[89] Moreover, Toy Story earned a total of $158.6 million from ticket sales combined with the five-day Wednesday opening.^[90] It would go on to hold this record until Independence Day took it the next year.^[91] The film placed first in the weekend’s box office with $29.1 million^[3] and maintained the number-one position at the domestic box office for the next two weekends. Toy Story went on to become the highest-grossing domestic film of 1995, beating Batman Forever, Apollo 13 (also starring Tom Hanks), Pocahontas, Casper, Waterworld, and GoldenEye.^[92] At the time of its release, it was the third-highest-grossing animated film of all time, after The Lion King (1994) and Aladdin (1992).^[17] Toy Story became the second-highest-grossing film of 1995, just $3 million behind Die Hard with a Vengeance.^[93] When not considering inflation, Toy Story is number 96 on the list of the highest-grossing domestic films of all time.^[94] The film had gross receipts of $192.5 million in the U.S. and Canada and $181.8 million in international markets from its original 1995 release and two re-releases for a total of $374.4 million worldwide.^[3] At the time of its release, the film ranked as the 17th-highest-grossing film (unadjusted) domestically and the 21st-highest-grossing film worldwide.

Critical response[edit]

Toy Story has an approval rating of 100% based on 96 professional reviews on the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, with an average rating of 9/10. Its critical consensus reads, «Entertaining as it is innovative, Toy Story reinvigorated animation while heralding the arrival of Pixar as a family-friendly force to be reckoned with.»^[95] Metacritic (which uses a weighted average) assigned Toy Story a score of 95 out of 100 based on 26 critics, indicating «universal acclaim».^[96] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of «A» on an A+ to F scale.^[97]

Particular praise was offered for the film’s 3D animation. Leonard Klady of Variety commended its «razzle-dazzle technique and unusual look» and said that «the camera loops and zooms in a dizzying fashion that fairly takes one’s breath away.»^[98] Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times compared the animation to Disney’s Who Framed Roger Rabbit, saying that «both movies take apart the universe of cinematic visuals and put it back together again, allowing us to see in a new way.»^[99] Due to the film’s creative animation, Richard Corliss of TIME claimed that it was «the year’s most inventive comedy».^[100]

The voice cast was also praised by various critics. Susan Wloszczyna of USA Today approved of the selection of Tom Hanks and Tim Allen for the lead roles.^[101] Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times stated that «Starting with Tom Hanks, who brings an invaluable heft and believability to Woody, Toy Story is one of the best voiced animated features in memory, with all the actors … making their presences strongly felt.»^[102]

Several critics also recognized the film’s ability to appeal to various age groups.^[99][103] Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly wrote «It has the purity, the ecstatic freedom of imagination, that’s the hallmark of the greatest children’s films. It also has the kind of spring-loaded allusive prankishness that, at times, will tickle adults even more than it does kids.»^[104]

In 1995, Toy Story was ranked eighth in TIME‘s list of the «Best 10 films of 1995».^[105] In 2011, TIME named it one of the «25 All-TIME Best Animated Films».^[106]
It also ranks at number 99 in Empire magazine’s list of the «500 Greatest Films of All Time» and as the «highest-ranked animated movie».^[107]

In 2003, the Online Film Critics Society ranked the film as the greatest animated film of all time.^[108] In 2007, the Visual Effects Society named the film 22nd in its list of the «Top 50 Most Influential Visual Effects Films of All Time».^[109] The film is ranked 99th on the AFI’s list of the «100 greatest American Films of All-Time».^{[110][111][112]} It was one of the only two animated films on that list, the other being Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937). It was also the sixth best in the animation genre on AFI’s 10 Top 10.

In more recent years, director Terry Gilliam has praised the film as «a work of genius. It got people to understand what toys are about. They’re true to their own character. And that’s just brilliant. It’s got a shot that’s always stuck with me when Buzz Lightyear discovers he’s a toy. He’s sitting on this landing at the top of the staircase and the camera pulls back and he’s this tiny little figure. He was this guy with a massive ego two seconds before… and it’s stunning. I’d put that as one of my top ten films, period.»^[113]

Accolades[edit]

The film won and was nominated for various other awards including a Kids’ Choice Award, MTV Movie Award, and a British Academy Film Award, among others. John Lasseter received a Special Achievement Academy Award in 1996 «for the development and inspired application of techniques that have made possible the first feature-length computer-animated film».^[114][115] Additionally, the film was nominated for three Academy Awards, two to Randy Newman for Best Music—Original Song, for «You’ve Got a Friend in Me», and Best Music—Original Musical or Comedy Score.^[116] It was also nominated for Best Original Screenplay for the work by Joel Cohen, Pete Docter, John Lasseter, Joe Ranft, Alec Sokolow, Andrew Stanton and Joss Whedon, making it the first animated film to be nominated for an Academy Award writing category.^[116]

Toy Story won eight Annie Awards, including Best Animated Feature. Animator Pete Docter, director John Lasseter, musician Randy Newman, producers Bonnie Arnold and Ralph Guggenheim, production designer Ralph Eggleston, and writers Joel Cohen, Alec Sokolow, Andrew Stanton, and Joss Whedon all won awards for Best Individual Achievement in their respective fields for their work on the film. The film also won Best Individual Achievement in technical achievement.^[117]

Toy Story was nominated for two Golden Globe Awards, one for Best Motion Picture—Comedy or Musical, and one for Best Original Song—Motion Picture for Newman’s «You’ve Got a Friend in Me».^[118] At both the Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards and the Kansas City Film Critics Circle Awards, the film won «Best Animated Film».^[119][120] Toy Story is also among the top ten in the BFI list of the 50 films you should see by the age of 14,^{[citation needed]} and the highest-placed (at No. 99) animated film in Empire magazine‘s list of «500 Greatest Movies of All Time».^[121] In 2005, Toy Story, along with Toy Story 2 was voted the fourth greatest cartoon in Channel 4’s 100 Greatest Cartoons poll, behind The Simpsons, Tom and Jerry, and South Park.^[122]

Impact and legacy[edit]

Toy Story had a large impact on the film industry with its innovative computer animation. After the film’s debut, various industries were interested in the technology used for the film. Graphics chip makers desired to compute imagery similar to the film’s animation for personal computers; game developers wanted to learn how to replicate the animation for video games; and robotics researchers were interested in building artificial intelligence into their machines that compared to the film’s lifelike characters.^[123] Various authors have also compared the film to an interpretation of Don Quixote as well as humanism.^[124][125] In addition, Toy Story left an impact with its catchphrase «To Infinity and Beyond», sequels, and software, among others. In 2005, Toy Story was selected by the United States Library of Congress to be preserved in the National Film Registry for being «culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant».^[126][127]

«To Infinity… and Beyond!»[edit]

Buzz Lightyear’s line «To Infinity… and Beyond!» has been used not only on themed merchandise, but among philosophers and mathematical theorists as well.^{[128][129][130]} In 2008, during STS-124 astronauts took an action figure of Buzz Lightyear into space on Space Shuttle Discovery as part of an educational experience for students while stressing the catchphrase. The action figure was used for experiments in zero-g.^[131] It was reported in 2008 that a father and son had continually repeated the phrase to help them keep track of each other while treading water for 15 hours in the Atlantic Ocean.^[132] The phrase occurs in the lyrics of Beyoncé’s 2008 song «Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)», during the bridge.^[133] In 2012, the late Capital STEEZ released a song titled «Infinity and Beyond» in reference to the phrase as part of his AmeriKKKan Korruption mixtape.^[134]

Disney has also recycled the phrase in homage to Toy Story at least twice. In the «blooper reel» shown during the credits of A Bug’s Life, Dave Foley says the line while in character as Flik, and Tim Allen himself repeated his famous line in The Shaggy Dog, in a scene when the titular character jumps off a bridge onto a moving vehicle.^[135]

Other influences[edit]

Toy Story‘s cast of characters forms the basis for the naming of the releases of the Debian computer operating system, from Debian 1.1 Buzz, the first release with a codename, in 1996, to Debian 11 Bullseye, the most-recently announced future release.^[136][137]

In 2013, Pixar designed a «Gromit Lightyear» sculpture based on the Aardman Animations character Gromit for Gromit Unleashed which sold for £65,000.^[138]

Sequels and spin-off[edit]

The sequel, titled Toy Story 2, was released on November 24, 1999. In the film, Woody is stolen by a toy collector, leading Buzz and his friends to launch a rescue mission. Initially, Toy Story 2 was going to be a direct-to-video release, with development beginning in 1996.^[139] However, after the cast from Toy Story returned and the story was considered to be better than that of a direct-to-video release, it was announced in 1998 that the sequel would see a theatrical release.^[140]

Toy Story 3 was released on June 18, 2010. In the film, Andy’s toys are accidentally donated to a day-care center as he prepares to leave for college.

Toy Story 4 was released on June 21, 2019,^[141] with most of the main cast returning for the film.^[142] In the film, Woody, Buzz, and the rest of the gang get used to living with Bonnie, who creates a new toy named Forky, from recycled materials from school. As they go on a road trip with Bonnie, Woody is also reunited with Bo Peep, and must decide where his loyalties lie.

A spin-off film, Lightyear, was released on June 17, 2022, with Chris Evans portraying the original Buzz Lightyear, upon whom the toy given to Andy in the first film was based.

See also[edit]

• List of films with a 100% rating on Rotten Tomatoes, a film review aggregator website
• List of animated films considered the best
• The Brave Little Toaster
• How the Toys Saved Christmas
• Live Action Toy Story

References[edit]

Bibliography[edit]

External links[edit]

• Official Disney website
• Official Pixar website
• Toy Story at IMDb
• Toy Story at the TCM Movie Database
• Toy Story at The Big Cartoon DataBase
• Toy Story at AllMovie
• Toy Story at Disney A to Z

Toy Story
Theatrical release poster
Directed by	John Lasseter
Screenplay by	Joss Whedon Andrew Stanton Joel Cohen Alec Sokolow
Story by	John Lasseter Pete Docter Andrew Stanton Joe Ranft
Produced by	Bonnie Arnold Ralph Guggenheim
Starring	Tom Hanks Tim Allen Don Rickles Jim Varney Wallace Shawn John Ratzenberger Annie Potts John Morris Erik von Detten
Edited by	Robert Gordon Lee Unkrich
Music by	Randy Newman
Production companies	Walt Disney Pictures Pixar Animation Studios
Distributed by	Buena Vista Pictures Distribution
Release dates	November 19, 1995 (El Capitan Theatre) November 22, 1995 (United States)
Running time	81 minutes[1]
Country	United States
Language	English
Budget	$30 million[2]
Box office	$394.4 million[3]

Toy Story is a 1995 American computer-animated comedy film directed by John Lasseter (in his feature directorial debut), produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures. The first installment in the Toy Story franchise, it was the first entirely computer-animated feature film, as well as the first feature film from Pixar. It was written by Joss Whedon, Andrew Stanton, Joel Cohen, and Alec Sokolow from a story by Lasseter, Stanton, Pete Docter, and Joe Ranft. The film features music by Randy Newman, was produced by Bonnie Arnold and Ralph Guggenheim, and was executive-produced by Steve Jobs and Edwin Catmull. The film features the voices of Tom Hanks, Tim Allen, Don Rickles, Jim Varney, Wallace Shawn, John Ratzenberger, Annie Potts, R. Lee Ermey, John Morris, Laurie Metcalf, and Erik von Detten.

Taking place in a world where toys come to life when humans are not present, the plot of Toy Story focuses on the relationship between an old-fashioned pull-string cowboy doll named Woody and a modern space cadet action figure, Buzz Lightyear, as Woody develops jealousy towards Buzz when he becomes their owner Andy’s favorite toy.

Following the success of Tin Toy, a short film that was released in 1988, Pixar was approached by Disney to produce a computer-animated feature film that was told from a small toy’s perspective. Lasseter, Stanton, and Docter wrote early story treatments, which were rejected by Disney, who wanted the film’s tone to be «edgier». After several disastrous story reels, production was halted and the script was rewritten to better reflect the tone and theme Pixar desired: «toys deeply want children to play with them, and … this desire drives their hopes, fears, and actions». The studio, then consisting of a relatively small number of employees, produced Toy Story under only minor financial constraints.

Toy Story premiered at the El Capitan Theatre in Los Angeles, California, United States, on November 19, 1995, and was released in theaters in North America on November 22 of that year. It was the highest-grossing film during its opening weekend,^[2] eventually grossing over $373 million worldwide, making it the second highest-grossing film of 1995. The film received critical acclaim, and holds a 100% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes. It was praised for the technical innovation of the 3D animation, screenplay, musical score, and vocal performances (particularly Hanks and Allen); it is considered by many to be one of the best animated films ever made.^[4] The film received three Academy Award nominations (Best Original Screenplay (the first animated film to be nominated for this award), Best Original Song for «You’ve Got a Friend in Me», and Best Original Score) as well as honoring a non-competitive Special Achievement Academy Award.^[5]

In 2005, Toy Story was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being «culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant», one of seven films designated in its first year of eligibility. The success of Toy Story launched a multimedia franchise and a series of three sequels, starting with Toy Story 2 (1999). The film also had a theatrical 3D re-release in 2009 as a part of a double feature with the second film.
A spin-off, Lightyear, was released in 2022, with Chris Evans voicing the in-universe human Buzz Lightyear who inspired the action figure toyline in the Toy Story films.

Plot[edit]

In a world where toys come alive when humans are not present, a group of toys is preparing to move into a new house with their owner, Andy Davis, his sister, Molly, and their single mother. The toys become uneasy when Andy has his birthday party a week early; pullstring cowboy doll Sheriff Woody, Andy’s favorite toy and their leader, sends Sarge and his green army men to spy on the gift-opening with a baby monitor in hopes of calming the others. The other toys (which include Mr. Potato Head, Slinky Dog, Rex (a toy dinosaur), Hamm (a piggy bank) and Bo Peep (a porcelain doll) are relieved when Andy receives nothing that could replace them. Andy then receives a last-minute surprise gift from his mother: a Buzz Lightyear action figure, who believes he is an actual space ranger. Buzz impresses the other toys with his various features, and becomes Andy’s new favorite toy, making Woody jealous.

Two days before the move, Andy’s family plans for a dinner at Pizza Planet, where Andy is allowed to bring along only one toy. To ensure Andy chooses him and not Buzz, Woody tries to use the radio-controlled car RC to knock Buzz behind the dresser, but accidentally knocks him out a window instead. The other toys (except for Bo and Slinky) suspect Woody deliberately tried to kill Buzz, but Andy arrives and takes Woody before they can exact revenge. A furious Buzz stows away in the car, and confronts Woody when the car stops at a gas station on the way to Pizza Planet. The two fight, fall out of the car, and are left behind.

After a further argument, the two hitch a ride on a Pizza Planet delivery truck and sneak into the restaurant. However, Buzz mistakes a claw crane full of Little Green Men for a spaceship, and enters it, with Woody in pursuit. Andy’s sadistic next-door neighbor Sid Phillips spots and wins the two, along with a Little Green Man, and takes them to his house. Woody and Buzz encounter Sid’s vicious Bull Terrier Scud and some «mutant» toys made from parts of other toys Sid has destroyed.

As Woody tries to find an escape route, Buzz is shocked to see a Buzz Lightyear action figure television commercial that proves that he is indeed just a toy. In denial, he attempts to fly, but fails, breaking his arm. After the mutant toys fix Buzz, Sid returns and tapes Buzz to a rocket, intending to blow him up, but he is forced to wait until the next morning due to bad weather. Woody helps Buzz realize that his purpose is making Andy happy, while admitting his own insecurities. This conversation restores Buzz’s resolve, and the two work to get out of Sid’s house. Just as Sid takes Buzz out to attempt to launch him, Woody rallies the mutant toys to frighten Sid into never harming toys again, freeing him and Buzz.

Woody and Buzz pursue Andy’s moving truck, but Scud sees them and gives chase, biting Woody’s ankle. Buzz fights off Scud, while Woody climbs into the truck and pushes RC out, using him to distract Scud and rescue Buzz. The other toys, thinking Woody is now trying to get rid of RC, toss Woody back into the street. Having escaped Scud, Buzz and Woody pursue the truck on RC, and the other toys spot them coming and realize their error. During the chase, RC’s batteries run out, forcing Woody to light the rocket still strapped to Buzz. As they launch towards the truck, they become airborne, and Woody drops RC into the truck. Buzz opens his wings to sever the tape just before the rocket explodes; he and Woody glide over the truck and fall through the sunroof of Andy’s car, landing safely beside Andy.

At Christmas, in the new house, Sarge and his men spy on the gift-opening again while the other toys wait. Mr. Potato Head is delighted when Molly gets a Mrs. Potato Head, and Woody and Buzz jokingly ponder what gift could be «worse» than Buzz, only to nervously smile at each other when Andy gets a dachshund puppy.

Voice cast[edit]

• Tom Hanks as Woody, a pullstring cowboy doll who is Andy’s favorite toy.
• Tim Allen as Buzz Lightyear, a Space Ranger action figure and Woody’s rival, who later becomes his friend.
• Don Rickles as Mr. Potato Head, a cynical potato-shaped doll with put-together pieces on his body.
• Jim Varney as Slinky Dog, a dachshund slinky toy.
• Wallace Shawn as Rex, a nervous green Tyrannosaurus figurine.
• John Ratzenberger as Hamm, a smart-talking piggy bank.
• Annie Potts as Bo Peep, a porcelain shepherdess doll and Woody’s love interest.
• John Morris as Andy Davis, the toys’ owner.
• Erik von Detten as Sid Phillips, Andy’s next-door neighbor, who destroys toys for fun.
• Laurie Metcalf as Mrs. Davis, Andy and Molly’s single mother.
• R. Lee Ermey as Sergeant, the leader of a large troop of plastic green army men.
• Sarah Freeman as Hannah Phillips, Sid’s younger sister.
• Penn Jillette as the Buzz Lightyear TV commercial announcer.

Production[edit]

Development[edit]

John Lasseter’s first experience with computer animation was during his work as an animator at Walt Disney Feature Animation, when two of his friends showed him the light-cycle scene from Tron. It was an eye-opening experience that awakened Lasseter to the possibilities offered by the new medium of computer-generated animation.^[6] Lasseter tried to pitch The Brave Little Toaster as a fully computer-animated film to Disney, but the idea was rejected and Lasseter was fired.^[7] He then went on to work at Lucasfilm and in 1986, he became a founding member of Pixar. In 1986, Pixar was purchased by entrepreneur and Apple Inc. co-founder Steve Jobs.^[8] At Pixar, Lasseter created short, computer-animated films to show off the Pixar Image Computer’s capabilities. In 1988, Lasseter produced the short film, Tin Toy, which was told from the perspective of a toy, referencing Lasseter’s love of classic toys. Tin Toy won the 1989 Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film, the first computer-generated film to do so.^[9]

Tin Toy gained Disney’s attention, and the new team at The Walt Disney Company, CEO Michael Eisner and chairman Jeffrey Katzenberg in the film division, sought to get Lasseter to come back.^[9] Lasseter, grateful for Jobs’ faith in him, felt compelled to stay with Pixar, telling co-founder Ed Catmull, «I can go to Disney and be a director, or I can stay here and make history.»^[9] Katzenberg realized he could not lure Lasseter back to Disney and therefore set plans into motion to ink a production deal with Pixar to produce a film. ^[9] Disney had always made all their movies in-house and refused to change this. But when Tim Burton, who used to work at Disney, wanted to buy back the rights to The Nightmare Before Christmas, Disney struck a deal allowing him to make it as a Disney film outside the studio. This allowed Pixar to make their movies outside Disney.^[10]

Both sides were willing. Catmull and fellow Pixar co-founder Alvy Ray Smith had long wanted to produce a computer-animated feature, but only by the early 1990s were the computers cheap and powerful enough to make this possible.^[11][12] In addition, Disney had licensed Pixar’s Computer Animation Production System (CAPS), and that made it the largest customer for Pixar’s computers.^[13] Jobs made it apparent to Katzenberg that although Disney was happy with Pixar, it was not the other way around: «We want to do a film with you,» said Jobs. «That would make us happy.»^[13]

Catmull, Smith, and head of animation Ralph Guggenheim met with Walt Disney Feature Animation president Peter Schneider in the summer of 1990 to discuss making a feature film, but they found the atmosphere to be puzzling and contentious. They later learned that while Katzenberg was pushing the idea of working with Pixar, Schneider did not want to bring in a non-Disney animation studio. Katzenberg arranged to meet directly with the Pixar contingent, this time including Lasseter and Jobs. The Pixar team proposed a Christmas television special, A Tin Toy Christmas, as a first step, but Katzenberg countered that as long as they were gearing up to transition from 30-second commercials to a half-hour special, they might as well go all the way and make a feature-length film.^[14] Katzenberg also made it clear that he was only working with Pixar to get access to Lasseter’s talents ^[13][14] and that the Pixar team would be signing up to work with a self-described «tyrant» and micro-manager,^[13][14] but invited them to talk with Disney’s animators and get their opinions on working under him. Lasseter was impressed with what he heard, and the two companies began negotiations,^[15] although they disagreed on key points including whether Disney would get the rights to Pixar’s animation technology^[15] or whether Pixar would retain partial ownership of the films, characters, and home video and sequel rights.^[13] As Pixar was nearing bankruptcy and desperate for funds,^[13] they settled on a deal that would allow Disney to have complete ownership and control of the films and characters, including the rights to make sequels without Pixar’s involvement, while Pixar would get approximately 12.5% of ticket sales.^[16][17] These early negotiations became a point of contention between Jobs and Eisner for many years.^[13]

An agreement to produce a feature film based on Tin Toy with a working title of Toy Story was finalized, and production began soon thereafter.^[18]

Writing[edit]

Originally, Toy Story was going to feature «Tinny», the wind-up one-man band toy from the Tin Toy short film, along with «the dummy», a ventriloquist’s dummy. While the film’s premise was still about toys’ desire to be played with by children, the rest of the film’s script, which involved Tinny being left behind at a gas station, meeting up with the dummy, and having a series of adventures before finding their way into a kindergarten classroom where they can be played with every day, was quite different.^[19] Katzenberg was unhappy with the treatment drafted by Lasseter, Andrew Stanton, and Pete Docter, as the two character’s motivations were too similar. Instead, he encouraged them to write it as a buddy film, giving the two main characters contrasting personalities, and having them only become friends after being forced to work together.^[20][21] Lasseter, Stanton, and Docter delivered a revised treatment in September 1991 that more closely resembles the final version of the film: Tinny replaces the ventriloquist dummy as a child’s favorite toy, their bickering causes them to be left behind at a gas station, they almost catch up to the family at a pizza restaurant, they have to escape a kid that mutilates toys, and the movie ends with a chase scene as the two toys try to catch up to the family’s moving van.^[20]

The script went through many changes before the final version of it. Lasseter decided Tinny was «too antiquated»; the character was first changed to a military action figure and was then given a space theme. Tinny’s name changed to Lunar Larry, then Tempus from Morph, and eventually Buzz Lightyear (after astronaut Buzz Aldrin).^[22] Lightyear’s design was modeled on the suits worn by Apollo astronauts as well as G.I. Joe action figures. Also, the green and purple color scheme on Lightyear’s suit was inspired by Lasseter and his wife, Nancy, whose favorite colors are green and purple, respectively.^[23][24] Woody was inspired by a Casper the Friendly Ghost doll that Lasseter had when he was a child; he was a ventriloquist’s dummy with a pull-string (hence the name «Woody»). This was until character designer Bud Luckey suggested that Woody could be changed to a cowboy ventriloquist dummy. Lasseter liked the contrast between the Western and the science fiction genres and the character immediately changed. Eventually, all of the ventriloquist dummy aspects of the character were deleted as the dummy looked «sneaky and mean».^[25] However they kept the name «Woody» to pay homage to the Western actor Woody Strode.^[22] The story department drew inspiration from films such as Midnight Run and The Odd Couple,^[26] and Lasseter screened Hayao Miyazaki’s Castle in the Sky for further influence.

Since Toy Story‘s script writers had little experience with feature films, they attended a seminar given by screenwriter Robert McKee.^[25] They were inspired by his guidance, based on Aristotle’s Poetics, that the main character in a story should be defined by how they react to the obstacles they face, and that it is those obstacles that make characters interesting.^[27] Disney also appointed the duo Joel Cohen and Alec Sokolow and, later, Joss Whedon to help develop the script. Whedon thought that while the script did not work, it had «a great structure». He added the character of Rex and sought a pivotal role for a Barbie doll; the latter transformed into Bo Peep as Mattel would not license the character.^[28] Whedon also re-visioned Buzz Lightyear from being a dim-witted but cheerful and self-aware character to an action figure who isn’t aware that he’s a toy—an epiphany that transformed the film.^[29] A brainstorming session with members of Disney Animation’s creative team resulted in the addition of the three-eyed squeaky toy aliens.^[30]

Casting[edit]

Katzenberg approved the script on January 19, 1993, at which point voice casting began.^[31]

Paul Newman, who subsequently accepted the role of Doc Hudson in another Pixar film, Cars, which was released in 2006, was considered for the role of Woody.^[32] Robin Williams and Clint Eastwood were also considered for the role.^[33] Lasseter always wanted Tom Hanks to play the character of Woody. Lasseter claimed that Hanks «has the ability to take emotions and make them appealing. Even if the character, like the one in A League of Their Own, is down-and-out and despicable.»^[31] To gauge how an actor’s voice might fit with a character, Lasseter borrowed a common Disney technique: animate a vocal monologue from a well-established actor to meld the actor’s voice with the appearance or actions of the animated character.^[28] This early test footage, using Hanks’ voice from Turner & Hooch, convinced Hanks to sign on to the film.^[31][34]

Billy Crystal was approached to play Buzz, and was given his own monologue, utilizing dialogue from When Harry Met Sally. However, he turned down the role, believing the film would be unsuccessful due to its animation. Crystal regretted this upon seeing the film; he subsequently accepted the role of Mike Wazowski in another Pixar film, Monsters, Inc., which was released in 2001. In addition to Crystal, Bill Murray, Chevy Chase and Jim Carrey, along with a number of other actors, including Jason Alexander, Dan Aykroyd, Matthew Broderick, Kevin Costner, Michael J. Fox, Richard Gere, David Hasselhoff, Michael Keaton (who later voiced Ken in Toy Story 3), Wayne Knight (who later voiced Al in Toy Story 2), Bill Paxton, Dennis Quaid, Kurt Russell, Adam Sandler and John Travolta, were also considered for the role of Buzz.^{[35][36][37][38][39][40][41]} Lasseter took the role to Tim Allen, who was appearing in Disney’s Home Improvement, and he accepted.^[42] Crystal later stated in an interview that he would not have been right as Buzz, and that Allen was «fantastic» in the role.^[43][44] Before Wallace Shawn and Jim Varney were cast as Rex and Slinky Dog, Rick Moranis and John Cleese were originally considered for the roles.^[33]

To cast Andy, Pixar held an open call for young male actors to bring a toy with them. Morris brought multiple toys, specifically 45 X-Men figures, contrary to the instructions of bringing just one, and Pixar re-acted to his dumping of the toys with laughter.^[45]

Toy Story was both Hanks’s and Allen’s first animated film, and they recorded their lines together to make their characters’ chemistry and interactions realistic.^[46]

Production shutdown[edit]

Every couple of weeks, Lasseter and his team showed Disney their latest storyboards or footage. Disney was impressed by Pixar’s technical innovation, but less-so of the plot. Katzenberg discarded most of Pixar’s script ideas, giving his own extensive notes. Katzenberg primarily wanted to add «more edginess» to the two main characters,^[21] as Disney wanted Toy Story to appeal to both children and adults, and they asked for adult references to be added to the film.^[31] The characters ended up being stripped of their charm,^[21][42] with Hanks, while recording Woody’s dialogue for the story reels, complaining that the character had been made into a «real jerk».^[21] Pixar screened the first half of the film for Disney executives on November 19, 1993—an event they later dubbed the «Black Friday Incident».^[31][47] The results were disastrous, and Disney’s head of feature animation, Peter Schneider, halted production.^[48] Katzenberg asked colleague Thomas Schumacher why the reels were bad, to which Schumacher answered, «Because it’s not their movie anymore; it’s completely not the movie that John set out to make.»^[47]

Lasseter was embarrassed by the current state of the film, later recalling, «It was a story filled with the most unhappy, mean characters that I’ve ever seen.» Katzenberg allowed him to take the script back to Pixar for rewrites,^[47] and the production crew shifted to television commercials while the head writers worked out a new script, being funded personally by Jobs until Disney resumed production.^[47] Although Lasseter attempted to keep morale high by remaining outwardly buoyant, the production shutdown was «a very scary time», recalled story department manager BZ Petroff.^[49] Schneider appealed directly to Eisner to cancel the project altogether.^[50][20] Stanton and the other story artists worked to quickly produce new script pages, with help from consultants such as Whedon, and the revisions were completed in two weeks as promised.^[49]

Pixar’s script rewrites took three months, and saw Woody transformed from a tyrant to a wise leader. It also included a more adult-oriented staff meeting amongst the toys rather than the juvenile group discussion that had existed in earlier drafts. Buzz Lightyear’s character was also changed «to make it more clear to the audience that he genuinely doesn’t know he’s a toy».^[50] Katzenberg and Schneider resumed production with the new script by February 1994,^[47] and the voice actors returned one month later to record their new lines.^[31] The crew grew from 24 people to 110, and now included 27 animators and 22 technical directors.^[51][52] In comparison, The Lion King, released in 1994, required a budget of $45 million and a staff of 800.^[51] In the early budgeting process, Jobs was eager to produce the film as efficiently as possible, impressing Katzenberg with his focus on cost-cutting. However, the $17 million production budget was no longer going to be sufficient, and Jobs demanded more funds from Disney to compensate them for the time lost in rewrites based on Katzenberg’s notes. Catmull was able to reach a compromise on a new budget, but the incident led Jobs to rethink their deal with Disney.^[47]

Animation[edit]

Recruiting animators for Toy Story was brisk; the magnet for talent was not mediocre pay but the allure of taking part in the first computer-animated feature.^[52] Lasseter said of the challenges of computer animation, «We had to make things look more organic. Every leaf and blade of grass had to be created. We had to give the world a sense of history. So the doors are banged up, the floors have scuffs.»^[31] The film began with animated storyboards to guide the animators in developing the characters. 27 animators worked on the film, using 400 computer models to animate the characters. Each character was first either created out of clay or modeled from a computer-drawn diagram before reaching the computer-animated design.^[54] Once the animators had a model, its articulation and motion controls were coded; this allowed each character to move in a variety of ways, such as talking, walking, or jumping.^[54] Out of all of the characters, Woody was the most complex, as he required 723 motion controls, including 212 for his face and 58 for his mouth.^[31][55] The first piece of animation, a 30-second test, was delivered to Disney in June 1992, when the company requested a sample of what the film would look like. Lasseter wanted to impress Disney with several things in the test that could not be done in traditional, hand-drawn animation, such as Woody’s yellow plaid shirt with red stripes, the reflections in Buzz’s helmet and the decals on his spacesuit, or Venetian blind shadows falling across Andy’s room.^[25]

There were eight teams that were responsible for different aspects of all of the shots. The art department was responsible for determining the overall color and lighting scheme.^[56] The layout department was responsible for determining the position of all elements of the shot, as well as programming the virtual camera’s position and movements.^[56] The animation department created the movements of the characters, generally with one animator being assigned to animate an entire shot, but occasionally with each character having its own animator.^[56] The shading team used Pixar’s RenderMan software to assign surface textures and reflectivity properties to objects.^[57] The lighting team placed global, spot, and flood lighting within the scenes.^[57] The «Render Farm» used Sun Microsystems computers, running around the clock, to produce the final frames of the film.^[30] The camera team recorded the finished frames, which had been rendered at a resolution of 1536 by 922, onto film stock.^[30] Finally, Skywalker Sound mixed sound effects, the musical score, and the dialogue to create the audio for the film.^[55]

In order to make the film feel as realistic as possible, the layout department, led by Craig Good, avoided the sweeping camera shots popular in computer animation at the time, and instead focused on emulating what would have been possible had the film been shot in live-action with real film cameras.^[56] The animation department, led by Rich Quade and Ash Brannon, used Pixar’s Menv software to hand pose the characters at key frames based on videotape of the actors recording their lines, and let the software do the inbetweening.^[58] To sync the characters’ mouths and facial expressions to the actors’ recorded voices, animators spent a week per eight seconds of animation, as Lasseter felt that automatic lip syncing would not properly convey a character’s emotions.^[54][58] The shading team, led by Tom Porter, used scans of real objects, as well as textures drawn by artists and created with procedural generation algorithms, to «dress» the objects in the film.^[57]

The film required 800,000 machine hours and 114,240 frames of animation in total, divided between 1,561 shots that totaled over 77 minutes.^{[31][54][59][56]} Pixar was able to render less than 30 seconds of the film per day.^[60]

Music[edit]

Lasseter did not want to make Toy Story into a musical, as he felt that it would make the film feel less genuine. Whedon later agreed, saying «It would have been a really bad musical because it’s a buddy movie. It’s about people who won’t admit what they want, much less sing about it. … Buddy movies are about sublimating, punching an arm, ‘I hate you.’ It’s not about open emotion.»^[31] However, Disney preferred to make it a musical, as they had had much success with incorporating Broadway-style musical numbers into their animated films, and encouraged Pixar to do the same.^[31] As a compromise, although the characters would not sing, the movie would feature non-diegetic songs as background music.^[28] Randy Newman was hired, and composed three original songs for the film. The film’s signature song «You’ve Got a Friend in Me», was written in one day.^[31]

On Newman, Lasseter said, «His songs are touching, witty, and satirical, and he would deliver the emotional underpinning for every scene.»^[31] The soundtrack for Toy Story was produced by Walt Disney Records and was released on November 22, 1995, the week of the film’s release.^[61]

Editing and pre-release[edit]

Editors, including Lee Unkrich, worked on Toy Story up until the September 1995 deadline to deliver a final cut for scoring and sound design.^[61] According to Unkrich, a scene removed from the original final edit featured Sid torturing Buzz and Woody violently at his house; Unkrich decided to cut right into the scene where Sid is interrogating Woody because the film’s creators thought the audience would love Buzz and Woody by that point.^[62] Another scene, in which Woody tried to get Buzz’s attention when he was stuck in the box crate, was shortened because the creators felt it would lose the energy of the film.^[62] A test screening in July 1995 received encouraging responses from the audience, but the film was not rated as highly as had been hoped, leading to another last-minute round of edits.^[61] Eisner, who attended the screening, suggested that the final shot of the film should be of both Woody and Buzz, leading to the film’s final shot of the two worried about the arrival of Andy’s new puppy.^[61]

Crew members had difficulty analysing the film’s quality due to footage being in scattered pieces.^[60] Some animators felt the film would be a significant disappointment commercially but felt animators and animation fans would find it interesting.^[60] Schneider had grown optimistic about the film as it neared completion, and he announced a United States release date of November, coinciding with Thanksgiving weekend and the start of the winter holiday season.^[63]

Sources indicate that Jobs lacked confidence in the film during its production, and had been exploring the possibility of selling Pixar to companies such as Hallmark Cards and Microsoft.^[47][63] However, as the film progressed, Jobs, like Schneider, became increasingly passionate about the film and the transformative nature of what Pixar might be able to accomplish. Eager for Pixar to have the funds necessary to negotiate with Disney as an equal partner, and optimistic about the impact the finished film would have, Jobs decided that he would schedule an initial public offering (IPO) of Pixar just a week after the film’s November release.^[47]

Release[edit]

Both Disney and Pixar held separate premiers for Toy Story, with Disney holding theirs at their flagship El Capitan Theatre in Los Angeles on November 19, 1995, and Pixar holding theirs the following night at the Regency Center in San Francisco. According to David Price’s 2008 book The Pixar Touch, the film deeply resonated with audiences, with even the adults being noticeably moved by the film.^[64]

The theatrical release of the film was preceded by either the Roger Rabbit short Roller Coaster Rabbit or the early Pixar short The Adventures of André and Wally B.. In addition to showing at the El Capitan, where tickets included admission to the Totally Toy Story funhouse that Disney had built in the Hollywood Masonic Temple next door,^[65] the film opened on 2,281 screens on the 22nd and later expanded to 2,574.^[64]

The film was also shown at the Berlin International Film Festival out of competition from February 15 to 26, 1996.^[66][67] Elsewhere, the film opened in March 1996.^[63]

Marketing[edit]

Marketing for Toy Story included $20 million spent by Disney for advertising as well as advertisers such as Burger King, PepsiCo, Coca-Cola, and Payless ShoeSource paying $125 million in promotions for the film.^[68] Marketing consultant Al Ries reflected on the promotion: «This will be a killer deal. How can a kid, sitting through a one-and-a-half-hour movie with an army of recognizable toy characters, not want to own one?»^[69] Despite this, Disney Consumer Products was slow to see the potential of Toy Story.^[63] When the Thanksgiving release date was announced in January 1995, many toy companies were accustomed to having eighteen months to two years of lead time and passed on the project. Disney shopped the film at the Toy Fair trade show in February 1995, where only the small Canadian company Thinkway Toys, was interested in licensing the toy rights for the Toy Story characters.^[70] Disney promoted the film by inserting its trailer into the home-video re-release of Cinderella, showing a behind-the-scenes documentary on the Disney Channel, and incorporating the characters into a parade at the Disney-MGM Studios theme park in Florida.^[61]

It was screenwriter Joss Whedon’s idea to incorporate Barbie as a character who could rescue Woody and Buzz in Toy Story‘s final act.^[71] The idea was dropped after Mattel objected and refused to license the toy. Producer Ralph Guggenheim claimed that Mattel did not allow the use of the toy as «They [Mattel] philosophically felt girls who play with Barbie dolls are projecting their personalities onto the doll. If you give the doll a voice and animate it, you’re creating a persona for it that might not be every little girl’s dream and desire.»^[31] Hasbro likewise refused to license G.I. Joe (mainly because Sid was going to blow one up, prompting the filmmakers to instead use a fictional toy, Combat Carl), but they did license Mr. Potato Head.^[31] The only toy in the film that was not in production was Slinky Dog, which had been discontinued since the 1970s. When designs for Slinky were sent to Betty James (Richard James’s wife) she said that Pixar had improved the toy and that it was «cuter» than the original.^[72]

3-D re-release[edit]

On October 2, 2009, Toy Story was re-released in Disney Digital 3-D.^[73] The film was also released with Toy Story 2 as a double feature for a two-week run^[74] which was extended due to its success.^[75] In addition, the film’s second sequel, Toy Story 3, was also released in the 3-D format.^[73] Lasseter commented on the new 3-D re-release:

The Toy Story films and characters will always hold a very special place in our hearts and we’re so excited to be bringing this landmark film back for audiences to enjoy in a whole new way thanks to the latest in 3-D technology. With Toy Story 3 shaping up to be another great adventure for Buzz, Woody, and the gang from Andy’s room, we thought it would be great to let audiences experience the first two films all over again and in a brand new way.^[76]

Translating the film into 3-D involved revisiting the original computer data and virtually placing a second camera into each scene, creating left eye and right eye views needed to achieve the perception of depth.^[77] Unique to computer animation, Lasseter referred to this process as «digital archaeology».^[77] The process took four months, as well as an additional six months for the two films to add the 3-D. The lead stereographer Bob Whitehill oversaw this process and sought to achieve an effect that affected the emotional storytelling of the film:

When I would look at the films as a whole, I would search for story reasons to use 3-D in different ways. In Toy Story, for instance, when the toys were alone in their world, I wanted it to feel consistent with a safer world. And when they went out to the human world, that’s when I really blew out the 3-D to make it feel dangerous and deep and overwhelming.^[77]

Unlike other countries, the United Kingdom received the films in 3-D as separate releases. Toy Story was released on October 2, 2009. Toy Story 2 was instead released January 22, 2010.^[78] The re-release performed well at the box office, opening with $12,500,000 in its opening weekend, placing at the third position after Zombieland and Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs.^[79] The double feature grossed $30.7 million in its five-week release.^[79]

Home media[edit]

Toy Story was released by Walt Disney Home Video on VHS and LaserDisc in the United States and Canada on October 29, 1996, with no bonus material. Within the first few weeks of this release, VHS rentals and sales totaled $5.1 million, ranking Toy Story as the No. 1 video, beating out Twister.^[80][81] Over 21.5 million VHS copies were sold during the first year.^[82] A deluxe edition widescreen LaserDisc 4-disc box set was released on December 18, 1996. This THX certified LaserDisc release features bonus material, such as the history and development of characters, storyboards and story reels, abandoned concepts and characters, outtakes, deleted animation and trailers.^[83] On January 11, 2000, the film was re-released on VHS, but this time as the first video to be part of the Walt Disney Gold Classic Collection with the bonus short film Tin Toy. This release sold two million copies.^[82]

Toy Story was released for the first time on DVD on October 17, 2000, in a two-pack with its first sequel Toy Story 2. The same day, a 3-disc «Ultimate Toy Box» set was released, featuring Toy Story, Toy Story 2, and the third disc of bonus materials.^[82] The twin-pack release was later released individually on March 20, 2001. The DVD two-pack, the Ultimate Toy Box set, the Gold Classic Collection VHS and DVD, and the original DVD were all put in the Disney Vault on May 1, 2003. On September 6, 2005, a 2-disc «10th Anniversary Edition» was released featuring much of the bonus material from the «Ultimate Toy Box», including a retrospective special with John Lasseter and a brand new DTS sound mix.^[84] This DVD went back in the Disney Vault on January 31, 2009, along with Toy Story 2. The 10th Anniversary release was the last version of Toy Story to be released before being taken out of the Disney Vault lineup along with Toy Story 2. Also on September 6, 2005, a UMD of Toy Story featuring some deleted scenes, a filmmakers’ reflect, and a new «Legacy of Toy Story» was released for the Sony PlayStation Portable.

Toy Story was available for the first time on Blu-ray in a Special Edition Combo Pack that included two discs, the Blu-ray, and the DVD versions of the film. This combo-edition was released by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment on March 23, 2010, along with its sequel.^[85] There was a DVD-only re-release on May 11, 2010.^[86] Another «Ultimate Toy Box», packaging the Combo Pack with those of both sequels, became available on November 2, 2010. On November 1, 2011, the first three Toy Story films were re-released all together, each as a DVD/Blu-ray/Blu-ray 3D/Digital Copy combo pack (four discs each for the first two films, and five for the third film). They were also released on Blu-ray 3D in a complete trilogy box set. The film had a re-release on 4K ULTRA HD Blu-ray on June 4, 2019.^[87]

Reception[edit]

Box office[edit]

Before the film’s release, executive producer and Apple Inc. co-founder Steve Jobs stated «If Toy Story is a modest hit—say $75 million at the box office, we’ll [Pixar and Disney] both break even. If it gets $100 million, we’ll both make money. But if it’s a real blockbuster and earns $200 million or so at the box office, we’ll make good money, and Disney will make a lot of money.» Upon its release on November 22, 1995, Toy Story managed to gross more than $350 million worldwide.^[59] Disney chairman Michael Eisner stated «I don’t think either side thought Toy Story would turn out as well as it has. The technology is brilliant, the casting is inspired, and I think the story will touch a nerve. Believe me, when we first agreed to work together, we never thought their first movie would be our 1995 holiday feature, or that they could go public on the strength of it.»^[59] The film’s first five days of domestic release (on Thanksgiving weekend) earned it $39.1 million.^[89] Moreover, Toy Story earned a total of $158.6 million from ticket sales combined with the five-day Wednesday opening.^[90] It would go on to hold this record until Independence Day took it the next year.^[91] The film placed first in the weekend’s box office with $29.1 million^[3] and maintained the number-one position at the domestic box office for the next two weekends. Toy Story went on to become the highest-grossing domestic film of 1995, beating Batman Forever, Apollo 13 (also starring Tom Hanks), Pocahontas, Casper, Waterworld, and GoldenEye.^[92] At the time of its release, it was the third-highest-grossing animated film of all time, after The Lion King (1994) and Aladdin (1992).^[17] Toy Story became the second-highest-grossing film of 1995, just $3 million behind Die Hard with a Vengeance.^[93] When not considering inflation, Toy Story is number 96 on the list of the highest-grossing domestic films of all time.^[94] The film had gross receipts of $192.5 million in the U.S. and Canada and $181.8 million in international markets from its original 1995 release and two re-releases for a total of $374.4 million worldwide.^[3] At the time of its release, the film ranked as the 17th-highest-grossing film (unadjusted) domestically and the 21st-highest-grossing film worldwide.

Critical response[edit]

Toy Story has an approval rating of 100% based on 96 professional reviews on the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, with an average rating of 9/10. Its critical consensus reads, «Entertaining as it is innovative, Toy Story reinvigorated animation while heralding the arrival of Pixar as a family-friendly force to be reckoned with.»^[95] Metacritic (which uses a weighted average) assigned Toy Story a score of 95 out of 100 based on 26 critics, indicating «universal acclaim».^[96] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of «A» on an A+ to F scale.^[97]

Particular praise was offered for the film’s 3D animation. Leonard Klady of Variety commended its «razzle-dazzle technique and unusual look» and said that «the camera loops and zooms in a dizzying fashion that fairly takes one’s breath away.»^[98] Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times compared the animation to Disney’s Who Framed Roger Rabbit, saying that «both movies take apart the universe of cinematic visuals and put it back together again, allowing us to see in a new way.»^[99] Due to the film’s creative animation, Richard Corliss of TIME claimed that it was «the year’s most inventive comedy».^[100]

The voice cast was also praised by various critics. Susan Wloszczyna of USA Today approved of the selection of Tom Hanks and Tim Allen for the lead roles.^[101] Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times stated that «Starting with Tom Hanks, who brings an invaluable heft and believability to Woody, Toy Story is one of the best voiced animated features in memory, with all the actors … making their presences strongly felt.»^[102]

Several critics also recognized the film’s ability to appeal to various age groups.^[99][103] Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly wrote «It has the purity, the ecstatic freedom of imagination, that’s the hallmark of the greatest children’s films. It also has the kind of spring-loaded allusive prankishness that, at times, will tickle adults even more than it does kids.»^[104]

In 1995, Toy Story was ranked eighth in TIME‘s list of the «Best 10 films of 1995».^[105] In 2011, TIME named it one of the «25 All-TIME Best Animated Films».^[106]
It also ranks at number 99 in Empire magazine’s list of the «500 Greatest Films of All Time» and as the «highest-ranked animated movie».^[107]

In 2003, the Online Film Critics Society ranked the film as the greatest animated film of all time.^[108] In 2007, the Visual Effects Society named the film 22nd in its list of the «Top 50 Most Influential Visual Effects Films of All Time».^[109] The film is ranked 99th on the AFI’s list of the «100 greatest American Films of All-Time».^{[110][111][112]} It was one of the only two animated films on that list, the other being Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937). It was also the sixth best in the animation genre on AFI’s 10 Top 10.

In more recent years, director Terry Gilliam has praised the film as «a work of genius. It got people to understand what toys are about. They’re true to their own character. And that’s just brilliant. It’s got a shot that’s always stuck with me when Buzz Lightyear discovers he’s a toy. He’s sitting on this landing at the top of the staircase and the camera pulls back and he’s this tiny little figure. He was this guy with a massive ego two seconds before… and it’s stunning. I’d put that as one of my top ten films, period.»^[113]

Accolades[edit]

The film won and was nominated for various other awards including a Kids’ Choice Award, MTV Movie Award, and a British Academy Film Award, among others. John Lasseter received a Special Achievement Academy Award in 1996 «for the development and inspired application of techniques that have made possible the first feature-length computer-animated film».^[114][115] Additionally, the film was nominated for three Academy Awards, two to Randy Newman for Best Music—Original Song, for «You’ve Got a Friend in Me», and Best Music—Original Musical or Comedy Score.^[116] It was also nominated for Best Original Screenplay for the work by Joel Cohen, Pete Docter, John Lasseter, Joe Ranft, Alec Sokolow, Andrew Stanton and Joss Whedon, making it the first animated film to be nominated for an Academy Award writing category.^[116]

Toy Story won eight Annie Awards, including Best Animated Feature. Animator Pete Docter, director John Lasseter, musician Randy Newman, producers Bonnie Arnold and Ralph Guggenheim, production designer Ralph Eggleston, and writers Joel Cohen, Alec Sokolow, Andrew Stanton, and Joss Whedon all won awards for Best Individual Achievement in their respective fields for their work on the film. The film also won Best Individual Achievement in technical achievement.^[117]

Toy Story was nominated for two Golden Globe Awards, one for Best Motion Picture—Comedy or Musical, and one for Best Original Song—Motion Picture for Newman’s «You’ve Got a Friend in Me».^[118] At both the Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards and the Kansas City Film Critics Circle Awards, the film won «Best Animated Film».^[119][120] Toy Story is also among the top ten in the BFI list of the 50 films you should see by the age of 14,^{[citation needed]} and the highest-placed (at No. 99) animated film in Empire magazine‘s list of «500 Greatest Movies of All Time».^[121] In 2005, Toy Story, along with Toy Story 2 was voted the fourth greatest cartoon in Channel 4’s 100 Greatest Cartoons poll, behind The Simpsons, Tom and Jerry, and South Park.^[122]

Impact and legacy[edit]

Toy Story had a large impact on the film industry with its innovative computer animation. After the film’s debut, various industries were interested in the technology used for the film. Graphics chip makers desired to compute imagery similar to the film’s animation for personal computers; game developers wanted to learn how to replicate the animation for video games; and robotics researchers were interested in building artificial intelligence into their machines that compared to the film’s lifelike characters.^[123] Various authors have also compared the film to an interpretation of Don Quixote as well as humanism.^[124][125] In addition, Toy Story left an impact with its catchphrase «To Infinity and Beyond», sequels, and software, among others. In 2005, Toy Story was selected by the United States Library of Congress to be preserved in the National Film Registry for being «culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant».^[126][127]

«To Infinity… and Beyond!»[edit]

Buzz Lightyear’s line «To Infinity… and Beyond!» has been used not only on themed merchandise, but among philosophers and mathematical theorists as well.^{[128][129][130]} In 2008, during STS-124 astronauts took an action figure of Buzz Lightyear into space on Space Shuttle Discovery as part of an educational experience for students while stressing the catchphrase. The action figure was used for experiments in zero-g.^[131] It was reported in 2008 that a father and son had continually repeated the phrase to help them keep track of each other while treading water for 15 hours in the Atlantic Ocean.^[132] The phrase occurs in the lyrics of Beyoncé’s 2008 song «Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)», during the bridge.^[133] In 2012, the late Capital STEEZ released a song titled «Infinity and Beyond» in reference to the phrase as part of his AmeriKKKan Korruption mixtape.^[134]

Disney has also recycled the phrase in homage to Toy Story at least twice. In the «blooper reel» shown during the credits of A Bug’s Life, Dave Foley says the line while in character as Flik, and Tim Allen himself repeated his famous line in The Shaggy Dog, in a scene when the titular character jumps off a bridge onto a moving vehicle.^[135]

Other influences[edit]

Toy Story‘s cast of characters forms the basis for the naming of the releases of the Debian computer operating system, from Debian 1.1 Buzz, the first release with a codename, in 1996, to Debian 11 Bullseye, the most-recently announced future release.^[136][137]

In 2013, Pixar designed a «Gromit Lightyear» sculpture based on the Aardman Animations character Gromit for Gromit Unleashed which sold for £65,000.^[138]

Sequels and spin-off[edit]

The sequel, titled Toy Story 2, was released on November 24, 1999. In the film, Woody is stolen by a toy collector, leading Buzz and his friends to launch a rescue mission. Initially, Toy Story 2 was going to be a direct-to-video release, with development beginning in 1996.^[139] However, after the cast from Toy Story returned and the story was considered to be better than that of a direct-to-video release, it was announced in 1998 that the sequel would see a theatrical release.^[140]

Toy Story 3 was released on June 18, 2010. In the film, Andy’s toys are accidentally donated to a day-care center as he prepares to leave for college.

Toy Story 4 was released on June 21, 2019,^[141] with most of the main cast returning for the film.^[142] In the film, Woody, Buzz, and the rest of the gang get used to living with Bonnie, who creates a new toy named Forky, from recycled materials from school. As they go on a road trip with Bonnie, Woody is also reunited with Bo Peep, and must decide where his loyalties lie.

A spin-off film, Lightyear, was released on June 17, 2022, with Chris Evans portraying the original Buzz Lightyear, upon whom the toy given to Andy in the first film was based.

See also[edit]

• List of films with a 100% rating on Rotten Tomatoes, a film review aggregator website
• List of animated films considered the best
• The Brave Little Toaster
• How the Toys Saved Christmas
• Live Action Toy Story

References[edit]

Bibliography[edit]

External links[edit]

• Official Disney website
• Official Pixar website
• Toy Story at IMDb
• Toy Story at the TCM Movie Database
• Toy Story at The Big Cartoon DataBase
• Toy Story at AllMovie
• Toy Story at Disney A to Z

На основании Вашего запроса эти примеры могут содержать грубую лексику.

На основании Вашего запроса эти примеры могут содержать разговорную лексику.

Перевод «история игрушек» на английский

Toy Story

Toy stories

game history

Самая лучшая история игрушек, когда-либо созданная, и это означает, что анимация ставок все время +16

The Best Toy Story ever made and that means the bets animation of all time

Тоу Story 2 — лучшая история игрушек! +3

Также он известен своими ролями в диснеевских фильмах «Контракт Санта-Клауса» и «История игрушек».

Also he is famous with his roles in Disney movies, such as: «Santa Clause’s contract» and «Toy stories«.

У всех трех этих трилогий есть, по крайней мере, один, который не так силен, как остальные, тогда как история игрушек феноменальна прямо…

All three of those trilogies has at least one that’s not as strong as the rest, whereas toy story is phenomenal straight through…

Мне нравится история игрушек Franchise, хотя он заслуживает быть в тройке лидеров. +0

I love the toy story Franchise though he deserves to be at the top three

Тем не менее, первый фильм о фильме вовсе не плохой фильм Pixar, даже если это не совсем история игрушек или поиск Немо.

However, the first Cars film is not at all a bad Pixar movie, even if it’s not quite Toy Story or Finding Nemo.

Не так недооценивают, как Горди, Оливер& Компания, или Брат Медведь, но похожа на Храбрый и Автомобили в том, что люди думают, что это ужасно, потому что это не король-лев или история игрушек.

Not as underrated as Gordy, Oliver&Company, or Brother Bear, but similar to Brave and Cars in that people think it’s awful JUST BECAUSE it’s not The Lion King or Toy Story.

Каждый последующий фильм «История игрушек» на 11 минут длиннее своего предшественника.

Each «Toy Story» film has increased in duration by 11 minutes from its predecessor.

Энди Дэвис — это персонаж из мультфильма История игрушек.

Andy Davis is a major character in the Toy Story movies.

Например, допустим, вы ищете подарок для своего племянника, чей любимый фильм «История игрушек».

For example, let’s say you’re looking for a gift for your nephew, whose favorite movie is Toy Story.

Каждый последующий фильм «История игрушек» на 11 минут длиннее своего предшественника.

Each successive «Toy Story» film is 11 minutes longer than its predecessor.

Фильм «История игрушек З» рассказывает о том, что переживают игрушки, когда их любимые хозяева вырастают.

Toy Story 3 is all about what happens to toys when their owners grow up.

Компания создала свой первый полнометражный фильм, «История игрушек», в 1995 году.

The company produced its first feature-length film, Toy Story, in 1995.

Перескажи о чем «История игрушек З», и никаких слез.

Recite the plot of Toy Story 3 without choking up.

История игрушек З где-то на втором.

Это как «История игрушек З».

А вот серия мультфильмов «История игрушек» на третьей части прощаться со зрителями не захотела.

But the series of animated films «Toy Story» in the third part did not want to say goodbye to the audience.

«История игрушек» — это классический фильм, который стоит посмотреть до недавних (и столь же любимых) продолжений.

«Toy Story» is a classic movie that is worth watching before the recent (and just as beloved) sequels.

В общем «История игрушек 4» будет историей о любви.

«История игрушек 4′ собрала огромные деньги

Apparently Toy Story 3 made a lot of money.

Ничего не найдено для этого значения.

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Сегодня мы разберем простой текст о фильме «Toy Story» («История игрушек»), который вышел в 1995 году и был первым полнометражным фильмом, полностью сделанным на компьютере. Это текст для практики чтения и аудирования, он рассчитан на начинающих. Текст дается с переводом и аудио.

Как выполнять задание?

1. Прочитайте текст с переводом.
2. Посмотрите видео – оно состоит из двух частей.
3. В первой части аудио сопровождается текстом – слушайте и читайте.
4. Во второй части текста нет. Вам нужно понять текст на слух. Если вы выполнили пункты 1 – 3, то это будет несложно.

Текст об «Истории игрушек» на английском + перевод

Разберите текст, чтобы аудио проще воспринималось на слух.

Текст на английском языке	Перевод
Toy Story is an American computer animated movie.	«История игрушек» — это американский анимационных фильм, сделанный с помощью компьютерной графики.
It came out in 1995.	Он вышел в 1995 году.
Toy Story was completely made with computer graphics instead of hand-drawn animation.	«История игрушек» была полностью сделана с помощью компьютерной графики вместо анимации, нарисованной вручную.
It was the first movie ever produced in that way.	Это был первый фильм за все время, сделанный таким образом.
Let me tell you about the beginning of the movie.	Позвольте мне рассказать вам про начало фильма.
The main character of the story is Woody, a cowboy doll.	Главный герой фильма — Вуди, кукла-ковбой.
He is one of the toys that belong to a boy named Andy.	Он одна из игрушек, которые принадлежат мальчику по имени Энди.
Andy is a good boy, he loves playing with his toys, especially with Woody.	Энди — хороший мальчик, он любит играть со своими игрушками, особенно с Вуди.
When the humans are not around, the toys come to life.	Когда людей нет рядом, игрушки оживают.
One day, Andy gets a new toy for his Birthday, a space ranger, his name is Buzz Lightyear.	Однажды, Энди получает на День рожденья новую игрушку, космического рейнджера, его зовут Базз Световой Год.
Buzz is a cool modern action figure, and he replaces Woody as Andy’s favorite toy.	Базз — это крутая соврeменная игрушка («экшен-фигурка»), и он становится любимой игрушкой Энди вместо Вуди.
The other toys make friends with Buzz, but Woody envies and hates him.	Другие игрушку подружились с Баззом, но Вуди завидует ему и ненавидит его.
There is one funny thing about Buzz.	Есть одна забавная вещь насчет Базза.
He actually believes that he is a space ranger.	Он действительно верит, что он космический рейнджер.
Woody and the other toys do realize they are toys, but Buzz doesn’t believe them.	Вуди и другие игрушки осознают, что они игрушки, но Базз им не верит.
There are many other characters in that movie, such as Mr. and Mrs. Potato Head, but I don’t want to give you any spoilers.	В фильме есть много других персонажей, таких как мистер и миссис Картофельная Голова, но я не хочу давать какие-либо спойлеры.
Although the story begins with rivalry, Toy Story is about friendship.	Хотя история начинается с соперничества, «История игрушек» — про дружбу.
The movie had three sequels, all of them are quite fun.	У фильма было три продолжения, все они довольно веселые.

Полезные слова:

• animated movie – анимационный фильм, мультфильм
• computer animation – компьютерная анимация
• computer animated movie – мультфильм, сделанный на компьютере с помощью компьютерной графики
• hand-drawn – нарисованный от руки
• computer graphics – компьютерная графика (именно “graphics”, а не “graphic”)
• cowboy doll – кукла-ковбой
• to belong to smb – принадлежать кому-то
• to be around – быть рядом, поблизости
• to come to life – оживать
• action figure – «экшен-фигурка», вид игрушек с подвижными конечностями, часто с записанными репликами, обычно персонажи комиксом, фильмов, игр
• to replace smb as – заменить кого-то в качестве кого-то (на какой-то роли)
• to envy smb – завидовать кому-то
• to have smb – ненавидеть кого-то
• to realize – понимать, осознавать
• character – персонаж
• to give spoilers – рассказывать спойлеры, спойлерить
• rivalry – соперничество, вражда
• sequel – сиквел, продолжение
• fun – веселый, интересный (не путайте с “funny” – смешной)

Посмотрите видео. Первая часть — это текст + аудио. С текстом разобрать речь намного проще, чем без него. Вторая часть сложнее — там только аудио.

---

Здравствуйте! Меня зовут Сергей Ним, я автор этого сайта, а также книг, курсов, видеоуроков по английскому языку.

Подпишитесь на мой Телеграм-канал, чтобы узнавать о новых видео, материалах по английскому языку.

У меня также есть канал на YouTube, где я регулярно публикую свои видео.

История игрушек
Toy Story
Логотип серии.
Тип мультфильма	Анимационный фильм
Жанр	Комедия
Режиссёр	Джон Лассетер Ли Анкрич Эш Бреннон (англ.)русск.
Продюсер	Ральф Гуггенхейм Бонни Арнольд Элен Плоткин Карен Роберт Джексон Дарла Андерсон (англ.)русск.
Автор сценария	Джосс Уидон Эндрю Стэнтон Джоэль Коэн (англ.)русск. Майкл Арндт (англ.)русск. Крис Уэбб Дуг Чэмберлейн Алек Соколов Рита Сяо
Роли озвучивали	Том Хэнкс Тим Аллен Дон Риклес Джоан Кьюсак Энни Поттс Ли Эрмей Лори Меткалф
Композитор	Рэнди Ньюман Марк Мотерсбо (англ.)русск. Генри Прайс Джекман
Студия	Pixar, Walt Disney Pictures
Страна	США
Время	276 минут
Премьера	1: 22 ноября 1995 2: 24 ноября 1999 3: 18 июня 2010
Бюджет	$320 млн.
Сборы	$1,948,095,207

«История игрушек» (англ. Toy Story, МФА: [tɔɪ ˈstɔːɹi]) — серия полнометражных анимационных фильмов, созданных с использованием CGI-графики. Идея мультфильмов принадлежит студии Pixar, дистрибьютором выступила Walt Disney Pictures. Согласно сюжету серии, игрушки — одушевлённые существа, скрывающие от людей свою полную приключений жизнь. Режиссёром первых двух фильмов стал Джон Лассетер, созданием третьей части руководил Ли Анкрич. На 2012 год франшиза состоит из трёх анимационных фильмов; на их основе было выпущено несколько спин-оффов и видеоигр.

Серия получила положительные отзывы критиков. «История игрушек» была отмечена за технические инновации в анимации и остроумный сценарий^[1][2]. В настоящее время это один из самых величайших и революционных фильмов в истории анимации^{[3][4][5][6][7][8][9]}. «История игрушек 2» также получила положительные отзывы критиков, отметивших «сногсшибательную анимацию, мгновенно делающую фильм классикой». «История игрушек: Большой побег» снискала всеобщее признание критиков, назвавших её «лучшим анимационным фильмом».

Анимационные фильмы серии «История игрушек» получили множество наград и номинаций, среди которых «Оскар», «Энни», «Золотой глобус», «Грэмми», BAFTA и Kids’ Choice Awards.

Серия фильмов

Фильм	Режиссёр	Сценарист(ы)	Продюсер(ы)
История игрушек (1995)	Джон Лассетер	Джосс Уидон, Эндрю Стэнтон, Джоэль Коэн, Алек Соколов	Ральф Гуггенхейм, Бонни Арнольд
История игрушек 2 (1999)	Эндрю Стэнтон, Крис Уэбб	Элен Плоткин, Карен Роберт Джексон
История игрушек: Большой побег (2010)	Ли Анкрич	Майкл Арндт	Дарла Андерсон

История игрушек (1995)

Премьера первого фильма серии состоялась 22 ноября 1995 года^[10] в Голливуде, Калифорния. Также «История игрушек» была показана вне конкурса на Берлинском кинофестивале в 1996 году. Это был первый полнометражный мультфильм, созданный с помощью CGI-графики. По сюжету, мальчику Энди на день рождения подарили новую игрушку — космонавта Базза Лайтера, считающего себя настоящим космонавтом. Вуди, игрушка-ковбой, приревновал нового друга мальчика и выбросил Лайтера из окна. Позже, раскаявшись в своих действиях, Вуди решил спасти Базза, попавшего в руки соседа Энди, Сида Филлипса, который развлекался разламыванием игрушек. Кроме того, Базз случайно узнал, что он «всего лишь игрушка», и впал в депрессию. Вуди удаётся избавить Базза от депрессии, вместе они сбегают от Сида и возвращаются к Энди. Мультфильм стал финансово успешным, собрав в мировом прокате более 360 миллионов долларов^[10][11]. Успех «Истории игрушек», окупившей затраты на производство в первый же уик-энд, способствовал быстрому поднятию цен на акции студии Pixar, с 22 до 49 долларов за штуку, что принесло компании 1,2 миллиарда долларов^[12].

История игрушек 2 (1999)

«История игрушек 2», вторая часть франшизы, вышла в прокат 24 ноября 1999 года^[13]. Первоначально мультфильм не был предназначен для показа в кинотеатрах, так как это был всего лишь 60-минутный сиквел первой части для прямого распространения на видео^[14]. Однако руководство Walt Disney Pictures приняло решение доработать первоначальную версию «Истории игрушек 2» до полноценной картины. По сюжету Вуди оказывается довольно ценной игрушкой, и его похищает знающий об этом человек, собирающийся продать Вуди коллекционеру в Японии. Базз и несколько других игрушек отправляются на помощь Вуди. Вместе с ним они спасают две другие игрушки, которые в своё время поставлялись вместе с Вуди. В мировом прокате по кассовым сборам вторая часть превзошла своего предшественника, заработав 480 миллионов^[15]. В октябре 2009 года первые две части серии вышли в формате 3D^[16].

История игрушек: Большой побег (2010)

Третья часть серии вышла в прокат спустя одиннадцать лет, 18 июня 2010 года^[17]. Вместо Джона Лассетера режиссёром стал Ли Анкрич, являвшийся исполнительным продюсером первых двух мультфильмов. По сюжету, Энди вырос и уехал в колледж, а его игрушки случайно попали в детский сад. Выяснилось, что дети в этом саду делятся на две группы: те, которые хорошо обращаются с игрушками, и те, которые обращаются плохо. Также они столкнулись с группировкой игрушек, которые пытались делать так, чтобы с ними играли только хорошие дети, а плохие бы играли со всеми другими игрушками. Игрушки Энди решаются бежать; в результате им удаётся свергнуть лидера группировки, остаться в детском саду и найти баланс между играми с хорошими и плохими детьми. В августе 2010 года, через два месяца после выхода в прокат, сборы мультфильма превысили доход «Шрека 2», сделав его самым кассовым проектом студии Pixar. По состоянию на 2012 год, «История игрушек: Большой побег» является самым кассовым мультфильмом в истории кинематографа^[18].

История игрушек 1-2 в 3D

2 октября 2009 года первые две части серии фильмов вышли в прокат в формате 3D^[19]. На перевыпуск двух мультфильмов аниматорам потребовалось в общей сложности десять месяцев. Прокат, во многом благодаря хорошим кассовым сборам, вместо обычных двух недель был продлён^[20][21]. Лассетер так прокомментировал этот повторный релиз^[22]:

««История игрушек» и её персонажи всегда будут иметь совершенно особое место в наших сердцах, и мы очень взволнованы, что зрители, благодаря новым технологиям, смогут насладиться мультфильмами в формате 3D. «История игрушек: Большой побег» обещает быть ещё одним замечательным приключением для Базза, Вуди и остальных игрушек Энди. Это здорово, что зрители увидят три мультфильма в совершенно новом виде».

Оригинальный текст  (англ.)  

The Toy Story films and characters will always hold a very special place in our hearts and we’re so excited to be bringing this landmark film back for audiences to enjoy in a whole new way thanks to the latest in 3-D technology. With Toy Story 3 shaping up to be another great adventure for Buzz, Woody and the gang from Andy’s room, we thought it would be great to let audiences experience the first two films all over again and in a brand new way.

В Великобритании в отличие от других стран мультфильмы вышли в прокат не все вместе, а по отдельности: «История игрушек» 2 октября 2009 года^[23], а «История игрушек 2» 22 января 2010 года.

Продолжения

В одном из интервью режиссёр Ли Анкрич подтвердил, что выход «Истории игрушек 4» не планируется: «Я польщён тем, что зрители любят и помнят персонажей трилогии, но продолжение мы пока не планируем. В данный момент в отношении Базза и Вуди у нас планов нет»^[24]. Также Анкрич сообщил, что Том Хэнкс и Тим Аллен согласны принять участие в возможном продолжении серии фильмов^[25].

Создание

«История игрушек»

Первый опыт работы Джона Лассетера с компьютерной анимацией был во время съёмок фильма «Трон». Работа над фильмом открыла новые возможности, предоставляемые новым средством компьютерной анимации^[26]. Сначала Лассетер задумал создать полностью компьютерный анимационный фильм, но идея была отвергнута студией Disney, а сам режиссёр уволен. Тогда он устроился на работу на студию Lucasfilm, а позднее основал Pixar^[27].

Выход в 1988 году мультфильма «Оловянная игрушка», созданного при помощи компьютерной анимации, привлёк внимание Disney, и после переговоров со студией Pixar был выпущен совместный мультипликационный фильм «Рождество оловянной игрушки». В 1989 году Оловянная игрушка получила премию Оскар в категории «Лучший анимационный короткометражный фильм»^[28]. В 1990 году между студиями начались переговоры о создании совместного трёхмерного полнометражного мультфильма. От Disney в обсуждении вопроса принимал участие Джефф Катценберг, от Pixar — Стив Джобс^[29]. Но переговоры растянулись на долгие месяцы, так как Катценберг настаивал, чтобы Pixar передала запатентованную технологию создания трёхмерной анимации студии Disney^[29]. Первоначально Джобс отказался, но позже уступил. В мае 1991 года Disney и Pixar подписали соглашение на создание мультфильма с оловянными игрушками, получившего название «История игрушек»^[30]. По условиям договора, Pixar контролировала весь творческий процесс, могла остановить проект на любой стадии^[31], а также получала 10 % от прибыли с проката^[32][33] и возможность выпустить два продолжения. Стив Джобс стал исполнительным продюсером проекта^[34].

Первый вариант сценария был создан Робертом Макки, однако заготовка претерпела множество изменений и доработок, прежде чем получился окончательный вариант сценария. Так, первоначально главным персонажем мультфильма должна была стать оловянная игрушка, но эта идея была признана «слишком устаревшей». Лассетер предложил в качестве идеи использовать космическую тематику, и тогда был придуман персонаж под названием «Космический рейнджер». Сначала его назвали Тинни, потом Лунный Ларри, который в конечном итоге стал Баззом Лайтером (в честь астронавта Базза Олдрина)^[35]. Внешний вид костюма был смоделирован на основе космических скафандров астронавтов «Аполлона»^[36][37]. На создание персонажа Вуди Лассетера вдохновили мультфильмы с дружелюбным привидением — Каспером. Первоначально Вуди должен был быть чревовещательной куклой. Тем не менее, аниматор Бад Локи предложил придать Вуди внешний вид ковбоя, что очень понравилось Лассетеру^[35]. Имя Вуди была дано в честь актёра Вуди Строда (англ.)русск.. Лассетер хотел, чтобы «История игрушек», в отличие от других диснеевских фильмов, не походила на мюзикл, а была приятельским фильмом с «реальными игрушками», решающими проблемы в стиле «Сорока восьми часов» и «Не склонивших головы»^[35]. Джосс Уидон согласился с этой идеей: «Это будет плохим мюзиклом, потому что это приятельский фильм. Это о людях, которые не будут петь о том, чего они хотят…Они просто ударят кулаком по столу»^[38]. Для создания сценария студия Disney дополнительно пригласила Джоэля Коэна и Алека Соколова^[38]. Производство мультфильма началось 19 января 1993 года^[38].

Для озвучивания Вуди Лассетер с самого начала планировал пригласить Тома Хэнкса, у которого, по его мнению, «есть способность правильно и очень привлекательно передавать эмоции»^[38]. Записи с кастинга Хэнкса на роль в фильме «Тёрнер и Хуч» ещё более убедили режиссёра нанять актёра^[38][39]. Билли Кристалу предложили озвучить Базза Лайтера, но он отказался, о чём, по его словам, позже сожалел. Позже от предложения озвучить Майка Вазовски в мультфильме «Корпорация монстров» актёр отказываться не стал^[40][41].

Предварительный проект мультфильма был представлен 19 ноября 1993 года^[38]. Однако полученный материал и некоторые из персонажей категорически не понравились президенту Disney Питеру Шнайдеру, который потребовал закрыть проект, уволить нанятых аниматоров, а сценаристов направить в другие проекты. Студия Pixar отказалась исполнить распоряжение и обещала всё исправить в течение двух недель^[42]. Как и было обещано, через две недели новый сценарий был написан, а персонажи сделаны более симпатичными. После второго тест-просмотра было дано разрешение на производство мультфильма^[35]. В марте 1994 года ещё недавно уволенные актёры приступили к записи диалогов^[38].

Джос Уидон предложил, чтобы в финале мультфильма Вуди и Базза спасла Барби^[43], но от идеи пришлось отказаться, так как компания «Mattel», выпускающая игрушку, отказала в предоставлении лицензии. Продюсер Ральф Гуггенхейм (англ.)русск. заявил, что «девочки, которые играют с Барби, проецируют свою личность на куклу. Если мы дадим кукле голос и оживим её на экране, то это уже будет персона, не являющаяся мечтой всех девочек»^[38]. Однако в следующих двух частях Барби всё-таки появляются.

«Мы не стали делать этот мультфильм методом традиционной анимации. Это история, которая может быть действительно рассказана только с помощью трёхмерных персонажей. Некоторые из них в фильме выглядят очень красивыми».

— Том Шумахер, вице-президент анимационного отдела Walt Disney[44]

На создание «Истории игрушек» был выделен бюджет в 33 миллиона долларов^[45] и привлечено к работе 110 сотрудников^[45], в то время как для «Короля Льва», вышедшего в 1994 году, потребовались бюджет в 45 миллионов и труд 800 человек^[45]. Лассетер неоднократно говорил о проблемах с компьютерной анимацией: «В мультфильме всё должно выглядеть правдоподобно, вплоть до каждого листика и травинки. Мы должны заставить зрителей прочувствовать тот мир и его историю»^[38].

Непосредственно производство мультфильма началось с создания и проработки внешнего вида каждого персонажа. В результате 27 аниматоров создали 400 компьютерных моделей персонажей, причём часть из них сначала вылеплялась из глины, образ остальных сразу моделировался на компьютере^[46]. После этого аниматоры приступили к созданию и синхронизации отдельных движений персонажей^[46]. Далее аниматоры обобщали сцены, создавали тени, освещение и визуальные эффекты. По окончании этих работ мощный компьютер приводил фильм к его окончательному виду^[38]. Во время тестовых просмотров компания Skywalker Sound добавила музыку, звуковые и шумовые эффекты. В целом на создание фильма, содержащего 114 240 кадров, потребовалось 800 000 машино-часов и от 2 до 15 человеко-часов на обработку каждого кадра^[11][38][46].

«История игрушек 2»

Первоначально планировалось, что «История игрушек 2» будет лишь 60-минутным продолжением первой части, непредназначенным для проката в кинотеатрах^[14]. Для этой цели мультфильму была выделена небольшая команда аниматоров. Но когда руководство Pixar увидело готовый материал и последовали уговоры со стороны актёров Тома Хэнкса и Тима Аллена, было принято решение сделать самостоятельный фильм^[47]. Однако Disney с этим решением не согласилась, аргументируя это тем, что близился день начала проката и для выпуска ремейка недостаточно времени. В ответ Pixar заявила, что не допустит выход мультфильма в его текущем состоянии, и предложила Лассетеру взять на себя проект. Джон согласился и нанял творческую группу первой части, которая в течение нескольких дней полностью переписала сценарий.

На работу команде Лассетера студия Pixar отвела девять месяцев^[48]. Некоторые аниматоры из-за напряжённого труда получили травмы опорно-двигательного аппарата (прежде всего фаланги пальцев рук) и центральной нервной системы (перенапряжения)^[49].

«История игрушек: Большой побег»

Согласно условиям пересмотренного соглашения между Pixar и Disney, все персонажи, созданные аниматорами Pixar, принадлежат студии Disney. Кроме того, Disney имела право на производство сиквелов любого фильма студии без участия Pixar. Но в 2004 году переговоры зашли в тупик, и Disney приняла решение выпустить «Историю игрушек 3» на своей собственной студии. Тим Аллен, озвучивавший Базза Лайтера в первых двух частях серии, подтвердил свою готовность вернуться в проект^[50].

В январе 2006 года руководители двух вышеупомянутых студий заключили новое соглашение, в котором за все анимационные работы отвечала студия Pixar. Через месяц генеральный директор Disney Роберт Айгер (англ.)русск. подтвердил, что весь производственный процесс возложен на Pixar^[51]. Джон Лассетер, Эндрю Стэнтон, Пит Доктер и Ли Анкрич во время совместного уик-энда придумали сюжет для мультфильма. Стэнтон сделал графические наброски сцен^[52]. 8 февраля 2007 года Эдвин Кэтмулл, президент Walt Disney Animation Studios и Pixar, назначил Ли Анкрича режиссёром мультфильма, а Джона Лассетера и Майкла Арндта сценаристами^[53]. Дата релиза была назначена на 2010 год^[54].

В начале работы над мультфильмом аниматоры Pixar столкнулись с проблемой. Когда на компьютерах были открыты файлы с изображениями персонажей, то обнаружилось, что формат графических файлов настолько устарел, что их не смогли редактировать. Это потребовало создания моделей практически с нуля^[55], а на создание сцены на кладбище старых автомобилей аниматорам потребовалось полтора года^[56].

Выход

Кассовые сборы

За первые пять дней проката в США (совпавшего с Днём благодарения) «История игрушек» заработала 39 071 176 долларов^[57]. За первый уик-энд фильм собрал кассу в 29 140 617 долларов и сохранял лидирующую позицию по сборам в течение ещё двух уик-эндов. «История игрушек» стала самым кассовым мультипликационным фильмом 1995 года^[33][58].

«История игрушек 2», демонстрировавшаяся в 3236 кинотеатрах, за первый уик-энд собрала 57 388 839 долларов. Фильм занял третье место среди самых кассовых фильмов 1999 года^[59].

«История игрушек: Большой побег», показ которой осуществлялся в 4028 кинотеатрах, только за первый день проката заработала 41 148 961 доллар^[60]. Кроме того, за первый уик-энд мультфильм собрал 110 307 189 долларов. «История игрушек 3» стала самым кассовым мультипликационным фильмом 2010 года^[61][62]. В мировом прокате картина заработала более 1 миллиарда долларов^[63][64].

Фильм	Дата релиза	Кассовые сборы	Рейтинг сборов	Бюджет	Примечания
США	В остальном мире	Общемировые сборы	США	Остальной мир
История игрушек	22 ноября 1995	$191 796 233	$170 162 503	$361 958 736	#119 #122	#164	$30 000 000	[10]
История игрушек 2	24 ноября 1999	$245 852 179	$239 163 000	$485 015 179	#64 #100	#86	$90 000 000	[15]
История игрушек 3D / История игрушек 2 в 3D (Disney Digital 3D)	2 октября 2009	$30 702 446	$7 295 354	$37 997 800	#1926	x	x	[65][66]
История игрушек: Большой побег	18 июня 2010	$415 004 880	$648 138 612	$1 063 143 492	#9 #88	#5	$200 000 000	[63]
Всего	$883 335 738	$1 064 759 469	$1 948 095 207	x	x	$320 000 000	x

Критика и отзывы

«История игрушек» (1995) получила восторженные отзывы критиков с момента своего появления в 1995 году. На сайте Rotten Tomatoes 100% критиков дали мультфильму положительную оценку и средний балл 9 из 10. На Metacritic «История игрушек» получила 92 балла из 100 на основе 16 отзывов критиков^[1]. Рецензенты высоко оценили использование в мультфильме компьютерной анимации и выбор актёров озвучивания.

«Да, мы волнуемся о том, что говорят критики. Да, мы волнуемся о том, сколько мультфильм заработает в первый уик-энд. Да, мы волнуемся о том, сколько всего заработает мультфильм. Но на самом деле весь смысл в том, что мы развлекаем зрителей. Самая большая радость, которую я получаю как режиссёр, это когда я проскальзываю в кинотеатр и наблюдаю, как люди смотрят наш мультфильм. Потому что когда люди смотрят мультфильм, они на 100 % честны. И видеть радость на лицах людей, видеть, что они действительно ходят на наши мультфильмы… для меня это самая большая награда, которую я мог получить».

— Джон Лассетер, размышляя о влиянии фильма[67]

Леонард Клейди в еженедельнике Variety отметил «головокружительную передачу камерами изображений»^[68]. Роджер Эберт, сравнивая «Историю игрушек» с фильмом «Кто подставил кролика Роджера», написал, что «оба фильма открыли новую эру американской анимации в области визуальных эффектов»^[69]. Ричард Корлисс в Time назвал мультфильм «самой гениальной комедией года»^[70].

Критики также оценили работу актёров, озвучивших персонажей. Так, Сьюзан Влощина из USA Today одобрила выбор Хэнкса и Аллена на главную роль^[71]. Кеннет Туран из газеты Los Angeles Times заявил, что «голос Тома Хэнкса — один из самых лучших»^[72].

«История игрушек 2» также получила всеобщее одобрение критиков. На Rotten Tomatoes 100% критиков дали фильму положительную оценку на основе 147 отзывов, и средний балл 8.6 из 10. Rotten Tomatoes охарактеризовал критический консенсус так: «сногсшибательная анимация и забавные персонажи мгновенно делают этот мультфильм классикой». Роджер Эберт дал продолжению 3.5 из 4 звёзд, добавив: «Я забыл про игрушки уже давным-давно, но „История игрушек 2“ напомнила мне о них»^[73].

«История игрушек: Большой побег» получила всемирное признание. Обзоры сайта Rotten Tomatoes показали, что 99% критиков дали мультфильму положительную оценку и средний балл 8,8 из 10^[74]. В списке «Лучших от Rotten Tomatoes» картина занимает четвёртое место^[75], а также является одной из лучших работ 2010 года^[76]. Также в другом списке от Rotten Tomatoes, «Сливки урожая», картина имеет рейтинг 100% на основе 39 отзывов^[77][78]. На сайте Metacritic мультфильм на основе 39 обзоров получил 92 из 100 баллов^[79]. Журнал Time назвал «Историю игрушек 3» лучшим фильмом 2010 года^[80], а в 2011 году одним из «25 самых лучших анимационных фильмов»^[81].

А.О. Скотт из The New York Times заявил: «Серия „История игрушек“ — это целое из трёх частей, 15-летняя эпопея о приключениях кучи глупого пластмассового хлама, способного к благородию, меланхолии и любви»^[82]. Оуэн Глиберман из Entertainment Weekly сказал: «„История игрушек 3“ меня очаровала и глубокого тронула, я был поражён, что анимированная комедия о пластиковых игрушках может иметь такой эффект»^[83]. Английский кинокритик Марк Кермод назвал «Историю игрушек 3» «лучшим фильмом всех времён и народов»^[84]. Кинокритик издания Orlando Sentinel, Роджер Мур, давший мультфильму 3,5 звезды из 4, написал, что «ослепительная и страшно сентиментальная, „История игрушек 3“ является тёмным и эмоциональным заключением серии фильмов, сделавшей студию Pixar известной»^[85].

Издания

«История игрушек» была выпущена на VHS-кассетах и лазердисках 29 октября 1996 года, но какие-либо дополнительные материалы в эти издания не входили^[86]. За первый год было продано более 21,5 миллиона VHS-копий^[87]. 18 декабря 1996 года Disney выпустила подарочное издание на лазердисках. 11 января 2000 года в продажу поступило коллекционное издание «Золотая коллекция классики», в которое в качестве бонуса был включён мультфильм «Оловянная игрушка». Было распродано более двух миллионов копий^[87]. На DVD-дисках «История игрушек» поступила в продажу 17 октября 2000 года, некоторые издания содержали также вторую часть. Также 17 октября вышло в свет коллекционное издание под названием «Ultimate Toy Box», включавшее в себя «Историю игрушек 1—2» и диск с бонусным материалом^[87]. 6 сентября 2005 года, в честь 10-летнего юбилея со дня выхода первой «Истории игрушек», в продажу поступило издание, содержавшее, помимо самих мультфильмов, дополнительные материалы с комментариями Джона Лассетера^[88]. Кроме этого, 23 марта 2010 года поступила в продажу «История игрушек 2» на Blu-ray Disc^[89]. «История игрушек: Большой побег» поступила в продажу 2 ноября 2010 года в виде стандартного DVD-издания. В дополнительные материалы, помимо комментариев о создании сцен, был включён трейлер анимационного фильма «Тачки 2», вышедшего в прокат в 2011 году^[90]. За первую неделю было продано почти 4 миллиона копий^[91]. 1 ноября 2011 года в Северной Америке была выпущена 3D-версия на Blu-ray^[92].

Саундтрек

«История игрушек»

Лассетер был против, чтобы мультфильм стал походить на мюзикл, как это стало с такими диснеевскими проектами, как «Аладдин» и «Король Лев»^[33]. На это заявление руководство Disney ответило, что «студия ориентирована на мюзиклы», но решило договориться с Лассетером^[38]. Для создания музыкального сопровождения был выбран композитор Рэнди Ньюман. Позже Лассетер так охарактеризовал работу Ньюмана: «Его композиции трогательные, остроумные и сатирические. Благодаря им Ньюман создал эмоциональную основу для каждой сцены»^[38].

Саундтрек был выпущен студией Walt Disney Records 22 ноября 1995 года. В чартах Billboard 200 саундтрек занял 94 место^[93].

«История игрушек 2»

Альбом с саундтреками был выпущен студией Walt Disney Records 9 ноября 1999 года. Автором музыки и песен вновь стал Рэнди Ньюман. В настоящее время альбом на CD-дисках имеется в продаже только на территории США, в остальном мире композиции доступны для скачивания в Интернете^[94]. Кроме инструментальных композиций, в саундтрек вошли две новые песни Ньюмана:

• «When she loved me» (рус. «Когда она любила меня») в исполнении Сары Маклахлан. Эта песня звучит в сцене воспоминаний Джесси о своей бывшей хозяйке и о расставании с ней. Композиция номинировалась в 2000 году на премию Оскар в категории «Лучшая песня к фильму», но награда досталась Филу Коллинзу за песню «You’ll Be in My Heart» для мультфильма «Тарзан».

• «Woody’s Roundup» (рус. «Загон Вуди») в исполнении группы Riders in The Sky (англ.)русск., которая является музыкальной темой чёрно-белого сериала с участием Вуди, а также звучит в титрах.

«История игрушек: Большой побег»

«История игрушек: Большой побег» стала шестым полнометражным анимационным фильмом для композитора Рэнди Ньюмана, после «Истории игрушек», «Приключений Флика», «Истории игрушек 2», «Корпорации монстров» и «Тачек». Студия Disney приняла решение не издавать саундтрек на компакт-дисках, а сделать доступным для скачивания в Интернете в форматах MP3 и AAC. Это уже второй случай, когда студия не издала альбом с композициями из мультфильма, то же самое произошло и с анимационным фильмом 2009 года «Вверх». Кроме инструментальных композиций, в «Истории игрушек» были использованы песни Гари Райта (англ.)русск. («Dream Weaver»), группы «Chic (англ.)русск.» («Le Freak») и Рэнди Ньюмана («You’ve Got a Friend in Me»). Песня «Electric Eye» группы «Judas Priest» первоначально должна была звучать во вступительной сцене мультфильма, но позже её заменили на другую композицию^[95].

Фильмы, оказавшие влияние на серию

• «Побег из Шоушенка»: тема побега игрушек из детского сада «Солнышко»^[96].
• «Звёздные войны. Эпизод VI: Возвращение джедая»: персонаж Мега-Пупс сбрасывает медведя Лотсо в мусорный бак^[97].
• «Звёздные войны. Эпизод V: Империя наносит ответный удар»: сцена борьбы игрушек с императором Зургом, в котором неожиданно выясняется, что он отец Базза^[98].
• «Волшебник страны Оз»: похищение Вуди^[97].

В массовой культуре

Видеоигры

• 1996: Toy Story (англ.)русск. — видеоигра, предназначенная для приставок Sega Genesis, Super Nintendo Entertainment System и портативной игровой системы Game Boy. Разработана компаниями Traveller’s Tales и Disney Interactive. Распространение японской версии игры осуществляла компания Capcom.
• 1999: Toy Story 2: Buzz Lightyear to the Rescue (англ.)русск. — видеоигра на основе мультфильма «История игрушек 2», является продолжением первой игры^[99]. Издание выпущено для Nintendo 64, PlayStation, Dreamcast и Windows 95/98/ME. Позже была выпущена версия игры для Game Boy Color.
• 2000: Buzz Lightyear of Star Command (англ.)русск. — видеоигра разработана компаниями Traveller’s Tales и Activision, предназначена для PlayStation, Game Boy Color, Microsoft Windows и Dreamcast. Сюжет игры сосредоточен на Баззе Лайтере^[100], который гоняется за злодеями из различных телевизионных шоу.
• 2001: Toy Story Racer (англ.)русск. — видеоигра по мотивам первой части франшизы^[101].
• 2009: Toy Story Mania! (англ.)русск. — видеоигра, разработанная компаниями Disney Interactive и Papaya Studio^[102]. При продаже к игре прилагались две пары 3D-очков.
• 2010: Toy Story 3: The Video Game (англ.)русск. — платформер по мотивам мультфильма «История игрушек 3». В Северной Америке видеоигра поступила в продажу 31 октября 2010 года, отдельные релизы состоялись 2 ноября 2010 года^[103][104].
• 2010: Shūtingu Bīna: Toy Story 3: Woody to Buzz no Daibōken! — релиз только в Японии^[105].

Программное обеспечение и товары

В 1996 году было выпущено детское программное обеспечение (для пользователей ПК старше 7 лет) Disney’s Animated Storybook: Toy Story и Disney’s Activity Center: Toy Story для Windows и Mac OS. Disney’s Animated Storybook: Toy Story стало самым продаваемым, было реализовано более полумиллиона копий^[106].

Изображения персонажей из «Истории игрушек» стали популярными брендами пищевых продуктов, игрушек, одежды^[107]. Так, фигурок Базза Лайтера и Вуди было продано более 25 миллионов единиц^[67].

Тематические аттракционы

По мотивам серии фильмов «История игрушек» были созданы тематические аттракционы в развлекательных парках нескольких городов мира:

• Buzz Lightyear attractions (Флорида, США)^[108];
• Buzz Lightyear Astro Blasters (Гонконг, Китай)^[109];
• Buzz Lightyear’s AstroBlaster (Флорида, США)^[110];
• Toy Story Midway Mania! (Флорида, США)^[111][112];
• Toy Story Playland (Гонконг, Китай и Париж, Франция)^[113][114];
• World of Color (Анахайм, Калифорния)^[115].

Спин-оффы

• Базз Лайтер из звёздной команды (англ.)русск. — мультсериал студии Walt Disney Television. Транслировался на каналах UPN и ABC с 2 октября 2000 по 13 января 2001 года. За два сезона было продемонстрировано 65 эпизодов. Центральным персонажем мультсериала являлся Базз Лайтер^[116].

• Базз Лайтер из звёздной команды: приключения начинаются — мультипликационный фильм студии The Walt Disney Company. Был выпущен 8 августа 2000 года на видео. Центральным персонажем является Базз Лайтер, борющийся против Императора Зурга. За первую неделю после выхода было продано более трёх миллионов VHS-кассет и DVD-дисков^[117][118].

Короткометражные фильмы

• Гавайские каникулы (англ.)русск. — анимационный короткометражный мультфильм 2011 года, режиссёра Гари Ридстрома (англ.)русск.. Действия мультфильма, в котором задействованы персонажи серии фильмов, происходят после событий третьей части. О выходе «Гавайских каникул» было объявлено 17 февраля 2011 года, на что Ли Анкрич сказал: «Мы решили выпустить этот короткометражный фильм, в котором будут персонажи Истории игрушек. Этим мы хотим показать, что герои живы, они не ушли навсегда». Показ состоялся 24 июня 2011 года, перед премьерой мультфильма «Тачки 2»^{[119][120][121]}.

• Мелкая сошка (англ.)русск. — анимационный короткометражный мультфильм 2011 года, режиссёра Энгуса Маклейна. Показ состоялся 23 ноября 2011 года, перед премьерой «Маппетов»^[122]. По сюжету Базз оказывается запертым в ресторане быстрого питания с другими игрушками из детской еды, в то время как двойник Лайтера пытается занять его место.

Награды и номинации

«История игрушек» (1995) была трижды номинирована на премию «Оскар» в категориях «Лучший оригинальный сценарий», «Лучшая музыка к фильму» и «Лучшая песня к фильму» («You’ve Got a Friend in Me» композитора Рэнди Ньюмана)^[123]. Джон Лассетер получил специальный приз от Американской киноакадемии за «развитие и применение новых методов, позволивших создать первый полнометражный компьютерный мультфильм»^[124]. В 1996 году мультфильм получил две премии «Золотой глобус» в категории «Лучший фильм» и «Лучшая оригинальная песня». В 1997 году «История игрушек» была номинирована на премию BAFTA в категории «Лучшие визуальные эффекты».

«История игрушек 2» получила премию «Золотой глобус» в категории «Лучший фильм — комедия или мюзикл» и номинацию на премию «Оскар» за песню «When She Loved Me» в исполнении Сары Маклахлан^[125].

«История игрушек: Большой побег» выиграла две премии «Оскар» в категориях «Лучший анимационный полнометражный фильм» и «Лучшая песня к фильму»; также была выдвинута на соискание премии ещё в трёх номинациях, включая «Лучший фильм», «Лучший адаптированный сценарий» и «Лучший звуковой монтаж»^[126]. Мультфильм также получил премии «Золотой глобус»^[127] и BAFTA^[128] в категории «Лучший анимационный фильм».

Примечания

Библиография

Ссылки

«История игрушек»
Фильмы	История игрушек (1995) • История игрушек 2 (1999) • История игрушек: Большой побег (2010)
Персонажи	Вуди • Базз Лайтер • Джесси (англ.) • англ.)
Игры	Toy Story (англ.) • Toy Story 2: Buzz Lightyear to the Rescue (англ.) • Toy Story Racer (англ.) • Toy Story Mania! (англ.) • Toy Story 3: The Video Game (англ.)
Короткометражки	Оловянная игрушка • Luxo Jr. • День и Ночь • Гавайские каникулы (англ.) • Мелкая сошка (англ.)
Аттракционы	Buzz Lightyear (англ.) • Toy Story Midway Mania! (англ.) • Toy Story Playland (англ.) • Toy Story: The Musical (англ.) • Woody’s Roundup Village (англ.)
Прочее	Базз Лайтер из звёздной команды (англ.) (Приключения начинаются) • You’ve Got a Friend in Me (англ.) • Woody’s Roundup (англ.) • Lego Toy Story (англ.)