Как пишется скотланд ярд

Скотланд-Ярд

Скотланд-Ярд (официально New Scotland Yard) — штаб-квартира полиции Большого Лондона (Metropolitan Police Service), исключая лондонский Сити, который имеет свою полицию. Название часто используется в СМИ для обозначения полиции Лондона. Здание современного Скотланд-Ярда расположено в Вестминстере.

Служба столичной полиции была образована 29 сентября 1829 года министром внутренних дел сэром Робертом Пилем, во исполнение инициированного им же Закона о лондонской полиции. Первыми руководителями столичной полиции стали Ричард Мэйн (Richard Mayne) и Чарльз Роуэн (Charles Rowan).

Первоначально ее штат насчитывал тысячу сотрудников, обслуживающих территорию в радиусе семи миль, на которой тогда проживало два миллиона человек.

Название Скотланд-Ярд произошло от первоначального местоположения штаб-квартиры полиции на улице Большой Скотланд-Ярд в Уайтхолле.

Считается, что в этом районе несколько веков назад располагались миссии шотландских королей, а двор, образуемый несколькими улицами, получил название «Шотландский двор» — Скотланд-Ярд.

Существует также версия, что в средние века улица принадлежала человеку по имени Скотт.

К 1887 году Скотланд-Ярд занимал несколько домов на площади Уайтхолл, два дома на улице Большой Скотланд-Ярд и несколько домов на Дворцовой площади, а также различные пристройки и автономные здания, склады и хранилища. В 1890 году эти управления были перемещены на набережную Виктории и получили название Новый Скотланд-Ярд.

В 1967 году Новый Скотланд-Ярд переехал в здание на улице Бродвей. В сентябре 2014 года стало известно, что полицейские переедут в новую штаб-квартиру на берегу Темзы. Новое здании более совершенно в плане технического оснащения, оно позволит большему количеству офицеров работать вне офиса с планшетов и смартфонов.

В настоящее время в Скотланд-Ярд работает более 50 тысяч сотрудников. Подконтрольная территория включает 32 района Большого Лондона, на которой проживают более 8,5 миллионов человек.

Служба столичной полиции включает в себя множество отделов. Территориальная полиция — 32 отряда по охране районов Лондона и отряд по охране аэропорта Хитроу. К территориальной полиции также относятся дорожная полиция, конная полиция, подразделение служебных собак, подразделение морской поддержки. Спецподразделение стрелков осуществляет огневую поддержку невооруженным сотрудникам полиции. Территориальная группа поддержки занимается обеспечением общественного порядка при проведении массовых мероприятий в Лондоне. В состав столичной полиции входят специальные подразделения: по охране членов королевской семьи, дипломатов, министров и принадлежащих им объектов недвижимости; по борьбе с терроризмом; по обеспечению безопасности воздушных перелетов. Управление по борьбе с особыми преступлениями занимается раскрытием тяжких и особо тяжких преступлений. Информационное управление обеспечивает полицию Лондона необходимыми информационными базами, технологическими и коммуникационными средствами. Обучением кадровых полицейских и гражданского персонала полиции занимается Управление людскими ресурсами.

Годовой бюджет Скотланд-Ярда составляет 3,6 миллиарда фунтов стерлингов — более 25% от общего объема бюджетов полиции Англии и Уэльса.

Глава Скотланд-Ярда назначается королевой по согласованию с министром внутренних дел. С января 2011 года на эту должность назначен сэр Бернард Хоган-Хоу (Sir Bernard Hogan-Howe).

Scotland Yard
New Scotland Yard
The iconic sign outside the New Scotland Yard building on Victoria Embankment, City of Westminster. The sign came to prominence when it was first located outside an earlier Scotland Yard building.
General information
Address	(1829–1890) 4 Whitehall Place, St James’s, City of Westminster (with a public entrance in Great Scotland Yard) (1890–1967) Norman Shaw Buildings, Victoria Embankment, Victoria, City of Westminster (1967–2016) 8-10 Broadway, City of Westminster (2016–present) New Scotland Yard, Victoria Embankment, Victoria, City of Westminster
Town or city	City of Westminster, Greater London

Scotland Yard (officially New Scotland Yard) is the headquarters of the Metropolitan Police, the territorial police force responsible for policing Greater London’s 32 boroughs, but not the City of London, the square mile that forms London’s historic and primary financial centre. Its name derives from the location of the original Metropolitan Police headquarters at 4 Whitehall Place, which also had an entrance on a street called Great Scotland Yard.^[1] The Scotland Yard entrance became the public entrance, and over time «Scotland Yard» has come to be used not only as the name of the headquarters building, but also as a metonym for both the Metropolitan Police Service itself and police officers, especially detectives, who serve in it.^[2] The New York Times wrote in 1964 that, just as Wall Street gave its name to New York’s financial district, Scotland Yard became the name for police activity in London.^[3]

The force moved from Great Scotland Yard in 1890, to a newly completed building on the Victoria Embankment, and the name «New Scotland Yard» was adopted for the new headquarters.^[4] An adjacent building was completed in 1906. A third building was added in 1940. In 1967, the Metropolitan Police Service (MPS) consolidated its headquarters from the three-building complex to a tall, newly constructed building on Broadway in nearby Victoria. In summer 2013, it was announced that the force would move to Westminster’s Curtis Green Building, which was once again renamed «New Scotland Yard.» ^[5] In November 2016, MPS moved to its present headquarters, which continues to bear the name «New Scotland Yard,» the fourth location to do so.^[6][7]

History[edit]

The Metropolitan Police Service is responsible for law enforcement within Greater London, excluding the square mile of the City of London, which is covered by the City of London Police, and the London Underground and National Rail networks, which are the responsibility of the British Transport Police.

4 Whitehall Place[edit]

The Metropolitan Police was formed by Robert Peel with the implementation of the Metropolitan Police Act, passed by Parliament in 1829.^[1] Peel, with the help of Eugène-François Vidocq, selected the original site on Whitehall Place for the new police headquarters. The first two commissioners, Charles Rowan and Richard Mayne, along with various police officers and staff, occupied the building. Previously a private house, 4 Whitehall Place (51°30′22″N 0°07′34″W / 51.50598°N 0.12609°W) backed onto a street called Great Scotland Yard.

This building was acquired by hypermarkets operator Lulu Group International in 2015 and redeveloped into a luxury hotel, operated by Hyatt, which opened in December 2019.^[8][9]

Victoria Embankment[edit]

By 1887, the Metropolitan Police headquarters had expanded from 4 Whitehall Place into several neighbouring addresses, including 3, 5, 21 and 22 Whitehall Place; 8 and 9 Great Scotland Yard, and several stables.^[1] Eventually, the service outgrew its original site, and new headquarters designed by architect Richard Norman Shaw were built (51°30′08″N 0°07′29″W / 51.50222°N 0.12463°W) on the Victoria Embankment, overlooking the River Thames, south of what is now the Ministry of Defence’s headquarters. In 1888, during the construction of the new building, workers discovered the dismembered torso of a female; the case, known as the ‘Whitehall Mystery’, was never solved. In 1890, police headquarters moved to the new location, which was named New Scotland Yard. By this time, the Metropolitan Police had grown from its initial 1,000 officers to about 13,000 and needed more administrative staff and a bigger headquarters. Further increases in the size and responsibilities of the force required even more administrators and space. Therefore, new buildings were constructed and completed in 1906 and 1940, so that New Scotland Yard became a three-building complex. (51°30′07″N 0°07′28″W / 51.50183°N 0.12446°W). The first two buildings are now a Grade I listed structure known as the Norman Shaw Buildings.

The original building at 4 Whitehall Place still has a rear entrance on Great Scotland Yard. Stables for some of the mounted branch are still located at 7 Great Scotland Yard, across the street from the first headquarters.

10 Broadway[edit]

The headquarters of the Metropolitan Police were moved to 8-10 Broadway in 1967, in a new building constructed on a site that also bordered onto Victoria Street.

In 2008, the Metropolitan Police Authority (MPA) bought the freehold of 10 Broadway for around £120 million.^[10]

10 Broadway was sold to the Abu Dhabi Financial Group in December 2014 for £370 million, and redevelopment plans for a six-building, mixed-use development were approved in February 2016.^[11] Ownership was officially passed from the MPA to the Abu Dhabi Financial Group when the relocation was completed on 31 October 2016;^[6] the building began demolition later that year.^[12]

Current location[edit]

In May 2013 the Metropolitan Police confirmed that the New Scotland Yard building on Broadway would be sold and the force’s headquarters would be moved back to the Curtis Green Building on the Victoria Embankment. A competition was announced for architects to redesign the building prior to the Metropolitan Police moving to it in 2015.^[13] This building previously housed the Territorial Policing headquarters and is adjacent to the original New Scotland Yard (Norman Shaw North Building).

In December 2015 construction work on the exterior of the Curtis Green building was completed.^[14] On 31 October 2016, the Metropolitan Police staff left the building at 10 Broadway and moved to their new headquarters.^[6] The new New Scotland Yard building was to have been opened by Queen Elizabeth II on 23 March 2017, but that same day it was announced that the Royal opening would be postponed, due to the preceding day’s terrorist attack at Westminster.^[7] The opening was re-arranged for 13 July 2017.^[15] Like all three of its predecessors it houses the Met’s Crime Museum (formerly known as the Black Museum), founded in 1874, a collection of criminal memorabilia not open to the public.^[16]

Popular culture[edit]

Scotland Yard has appeared in books, films, television etc. since the Victorian era when it featured in the Jack the Ripper cases and the stories of Sherlock Holmes.^[17][18] In Monty Python’s 1969 sketch «The Funniest Joke in the World», Graham Chapman plays a Scotland Yard inspector who leaves the house with the joke in hand before dying from laughter.^[19]

See also[edit]

• Whitehall 1212 – for many years, the main public telephone number of Scotland Yard
• Sakurada Gate (Sakuradamon) ― One of the gates at Tokyo Imperial Palace, which is used as a metonym for the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department（TMPD）
• List of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom, Crown Dependencies and British Overseas Territories

Notes[edit]

External links[edit]

• Metropolitan Police Branches Archived 11 August 2020 at the Wayback Machine
• Blumberg, Jess. «A Brief History of Scotland Yard», Smithsonian.com, 28 September 2007.
• Media related to Scotland Yard at Wikimedia Commons

Coordinates: 51°30′10″N 0°7′27″W / 51.50278°N 0.12417°W

Scotland Yard
New Scotland Yard
The iconic sign outside the New Scotland Yard building on Victoria Embankment, City of Westminster. The sign came to prominence when it was first located outside an earlier Scotland Yard building.
General information
Address	(1829–1890) 4 Whitehall Place, St James’s, City of Westminster (with a public entrance in Great Scotland Yard) (1890–1967) Norman Shaw Buildings, Victoria Embankment, Victoria, City of Westminster (1967–2016) 8-10 Broadway, City of Westminster (2016–present) New Scotland Yard, Victoria Embankment, Victoria, City of Westminster
Town or city	City of Westminster, Greater London

Scotland Yard (officially New Scotland Yard) is the headquarters of the Metropolitan Police, the territorial police force responsible for policing Greater London’s 32 boroughs, but not the City of London, the square mile that forms London’s historic and primary financial centre. Its name derives from the location of the original Metropolitan Police headquarters at 4 Whitehall Place, which also had an entrance on a street called Great Scotland Yard.^[1] The Scotland Yard entrance became the public entrance, and over time «Scotland Yard» has come to be used not only as the name of the headquarters building, but also as a metonym for both the Metropolitan Police Service itself and police officers, especially detectives, who serve in it.^[2] The New York Times wrote in 1964 that, just as Wall Street gave its name to New York’s financial district, Scotland Yard became the name for police activity in London.^[3]

The force moved from Great Scotland Yard in 1890, to a newly completed building on the Victoria Embankment, and the name «New Scotland Yard» was adopted for the new headquarters.^[4] An adjacent building was completed in 1906. A third building was added in 1940. In 1967, the Metropolitan Police Service (MPS) consolidated its headquarters from the three-building complex to a tall, newly constructed building on Broadway in nearby Victoria. In summer 2013, it was announced that the force would move to Westminster’s Curtis Green Building, which was once again renamed «New Scotland Yard.» ^[5] In November 2016, MPS moved to its present headquarters, which continues to bear the name «New Scotland Yard,» the fourth location to do so.^[6][7]

History[edit]

The Metropolitan Police Service is responsible for law enforcement within Greater London, excluding the square mile of the City of London, which is covered by the City of London Police, and the London Underground and National Rail networks, which are the responsibility of the British Transport Police.

4 Whitehall Place[edit]

The Metropolitan Police was formed by Robert Peel with the implementation of the Metropolitan Police Act, passed by Parliament in 1829.^[1] Peel, with the help of Eugène-François Vidocq, selected the original site on Whitehall Place for the new police headquarters. The first two commissioners, Charles Rowan and Richard Mayne, along with various police officers and staff, occupied the building. Previously a private house, 4 Whitehall Place (51°30′22″N 0°07′34″W / 51.50598°N 0.12609°W) backed onto a street called Great Scotland Yard.

This building was acquired by hypermarkets operator Lulu Group International in 2015 and redeveloped into a luxury hotel, operated by Hyatt, which opened in December 2019.^[8][9]

Victoria Embankment[edit]

By 1887, the Metropolitan Police headquarters had expanded from 4 Whitehall Place into several neighbouring addresses, including 3, 5, 21 and 22 Whitehall Place; 8 and 9 Great Scotland Yard, and several stables.^[1] Eventually, the service outgrew its original site, and new headquarters designed by architect Richard Norman Shaw were built (51°30′08″N 0°07′29″W / 51.50222°N 0.12463°W) on the Victoria Embankment, overlooking the River Thames, south of what is now the Ministry of Defence’s headquarters. In 1888, during the construction of the new building, workers discovered the dismembered torso of a female; the case, known as the ‘Whitehall Mystery’, was never solved. In 1890, police headquarters moved to the new location, which was named New Scotland Yard. By this time, the Metropolitan Police had grown from its initial 1,000 officers to about 13,000 and needed more administrative staff and a bigger headquarters. Further increases in the size and responsibilities of the force required even more administrators and space. Therefore, new buildings were constructed and completed in 1906 and 1940, so that New Scotland Yard became a three-building complex. (51°30′07″N 0°07′28″W / 51.50183°N 0.12446°W). The first two buildings are now a Grade I listed structure known as the Norman Shaw Buildings.

The original building at 4 Whitehall Place still has a rear entrance on Great Scotland Yard. Stables for some of the mounted branch are still located at 7 Great Scotland Yard, across the street from the first headquarters.

10 Broadway[edit]

The headquarters of the Metropolitan Police were moved to 8-10 Broadway in 1967, in a new building constructed on a site that also bordered onto Victoria Street.

In 2008, the Metropolitan Police Authority (MPA) bought the freehold of 10 Broadway for around £120 million.^[10]

10 Broadway was sold to the Abu Dhabi Financial Group in December 2014 for £370 million, and redevelopment plans for a six-building, mixed-use development were approved in February 2016.^[11] Ownership was officially passed from the MPA to the Abu Dhabi Financial Group when the relocation was completed on 31 October 2016;^[6] the building began demolition later that year.^[12]

Current location[edit]

In May 2013 the Metropolitan Police confirmed that the New Scotland Yard building on Broadway would be sold and the force’s headquarters would be moved back to the Curtis Green Building on the Victoria Embankment. A competition was announced for architects to redesign the building prior to the Metropolitan Police moving to it in 2015.^[13] This building previously housed the Territorial Policing headquarters and is adjacent to the original New Scotland Yard (Norman Shaw North Building).

In December 2015 construction work on the exterior of the Curtis Green building was completed.^[14] On 31 October 2016, the Metropolitan Police staff left the building at 10 Broadway and moved to their new headquarters.^[6] The new New Scotland Yard building was to have been opened by Queen Elizabeth II on 23 March 2017, but that same day it was announced that the Royal opening would be postponed, due to the preceding day’s terrorist attack at Westminster.^[7] The opening was re-arranged for 13 July 2017.^[15] Like all three of its predecessors it houses the Met’s Crime Museum (formerly known as the Black Museum), founded in 1874, a collection of criminal memorabilia not open to the public.^[16]

Popular culture[edit]

Scotland Yard has appeared in books, films, television etc. since the Victorian era when it featured in the Jack the Ripper cases and the stories of Sherlock Holmes.^[17][18] In Monty Python’s 1969 sketch «The Funniest Joke in the World», Graham Chapman plays a Scotland Yard inspector who leaves the house with the joke in hand before dying from laughter.^[19]

See also[edit]

• Whitehall 1212 – for many years, the main public telephone number of Scotland Yard
• Sakurada Gate (Sakuradamon) ― One of the gates at Tokyo Imperial Palace, which is used as a metonym for the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department（TMPD）
• List of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom, Crown Dependencies and British Overseas Territories

Notes[edit]

External links[edit]

• Metropolitan Police Branches Archived 11 August 2020 at the Wayback Machine
• Blumberg, Jess. «A Brief History of Scotland Yard», Smithsonian.com, 28 September 2007.
• Media related to Scotland Yard at Wikimedia Commons

Coordinates: 51°30′10″N 0°7′27″W / 51.50278°N 0.12417°W