Как правильно пишется фотошоп

Всего найдено: 5

Добрый день! Как правильно написать: Мои рисунки сделаны в Фотошопе/в «Фотошопе».

Ответ справочной службы русского языка

По правилам кавычки нужны.

Если знаки препинания расставлены неверно, то как расставить? Я скажу тебе в лоб — это не фотошоп.

Ответ справочной службы русского языка

Предпочтительнее тире заменить на двоеточие.

Добрый день!
Подскажите, пожалуйста, как правильно писать слово «фотошоп«. Например, это не фотошоп (в значении, что изображение не обработано в фотошопе).

Ответ справочной службы русского языка

Так и пишется: фотошоп, это не фотошоп. Слово фотошоп (в таком написании) уже зафиксировано академическим «Русским орфографическим словарем».

Здравствуйте, спасибо за быстрое разрешение проблемы с «Фотошопом».
Еще возник вопрос о написании оборотов такого типа: Что такое «компонент», какими функциями он обладает и как им управлять?(кстати, я же правильно расставила запятые?)
Слово «компонент» вроде бы употребляется в привычном значении, по всем правилам не нуждается в кавычках, но его почему-то так и хочется выделить. Вообще как правильно писать предложения со словами «что такое»?

Ответ справочной службы русского языка

Запятые расставлены правильно. Выделение кавычками не требуется; если необходимо подчеркнуть, что слово компонент употреблено в специальном терминологическом значении, то можно использовать шрифтовое выделение (курсив, разрядку).

Здравствуйте.
Помогите, пожалуйста. Обыскала весь Ваш справочник, но ответа так и не нашла. Как обращаться со словом «Фотошоп«? Допустимо ли такое написание (кириллицей), писать ли это слово с прописной буквы, склоняется ли оно и нужно ли заключать его в кавычки? Правильно ли словосочетание «уроки Фотошопа», или лучше «уроки по Фотошопу (Уроки Фотошоп)»?
Очень жду Вашего ответа.

Ответ справочной службы русского языка

Это слово может быть написано буквами русского алфавита, может склоняться. Но, конечно, в специальных текстах следует предпочесть написание на языке-источнике. Корректно: уроки «Фотошопа», уроки по «Фотошопу».

«Adobe Ps» redirects here. For the vector graphics language, see PostScript.

Adobe Photoshop

Adobe Photoshop 2020 (21.1.0) running on Windows
Original author(s)	Thomas Knoll John Knoll
Developer(s)	Adobe Inc.
Initial release	February 19, 1990; 32 years ago
Stable release	24.1[1]  / December 13, 2022; 26 days ago
Written in	C++
Operating system	Windows 10 version 20H2 and later macOS 11.0 and later[2] iPadOS 14.0 and later[3] Android 7.1 and later[4]
Platform	x86-64, ARM64
Available in	26 languages[5]
List of languages American English, British English, Arabic, Mandarin Chinese, Chinese Traditional, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Hebrew, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Swedish, Romanian, Turkish and Ukrainian
Type	Raster graphics editor
License	Trialware, SaaS
Website	www.adobe.com/products/photoshop.html

Adobe Photoshop is a raster graphics editor developed and published by Adobe Inc. for Windows and macOS. It was originally created in 1987 by Thomas and John Knoll. Since then, the software has become the most used tool for professional digital art, especially in raster graphics editing. The software’s name is often colloquially used as a verb (e.g. «to photoshop an image», «photoshopping», and «photoshop contest»)^[6] although Adobe discourages such use.^[7]

Photoshop can edit and compose raster images in multiple layers and supports masks, alpha compositing and several color models. Photoshop uses its own PSD and PSB file formats to support these features. In addition to raster graphics, Photoshop has limited abilities to edit or render text and vector graphics (especially through clipping path for the latter), as well as 3D graphics and video. Its feature set can be expanded by plug-ins; programs developed and distributed independently of Photoshop that run inside it and offer new or enhanced features.

Photoshop’s naming scheme was initially based on version numbers. However, in October 2002 (following the introduction of Creative Suite branding), each new version of Photoshop was designated with «CS» plus a number; e.g., the eighth major version of Photoshop was Photoshop CS and the ninth was Photoshop CS2. Photoshop CS3 through CS6 were also distributed in two different editions: Standard and Extended. With the introduction of the Creative Cloud branding in June 2013 (and in turn, the change of the «CS» suffix to «CC«), Photoshop’s licensing scheme was changed to that of software as a service subscription model. Historically, Photoshop was bundled with additional software such as Adobe ImageReady, Adobe Fireworks, Adobe Bridge, Adobe Device Central and Adobe Camera RAW.

Alongside Photoshop, Adobe also develops and publishes Photoshop Elements, Photoshop Lightroom, Photoshop Express, Photoshop Fix, Adobe Illustrator, and Photoshop Mix. As of November 2019, Adobe has also released a full version of Photoshop for the iPad, and while initially limited, Adobe plans to bring more features to Photoshop for iPad.^[8] Collectively, they are branded as «The Adobe Photoshop Family».

Early history

Photoshop was developed in 1987 by two brothers Thomas and John Knoll, who sold the distribution license to Adobe Systems Incorporated in 1988. Thomas Knoll, a Ph.D. student at the University of Michigan, began writing a program on his Macintosh Plus to display grayscale images on a monochrome display. This program (at that time called Display) caught the attention of his brother John, an Industrial Light & Magic employee, who recommended that Thomas turn it into a full-fledged image editing program. Thomas took a six-month break from his studies in 1988 to collaborate with his brother on the program. Thomas renamed the program ImagePro, but the name was already taken.^[9] Later that year, Thomas renamed his program Photoshop and worked out a short-term deal with scanner manufacturer Barneyscan to distribute copies of the program with a slide scanner; a «total of about 200 copies of Photoshop were shipped» this way.^[10][11]

During this time, John traveled to Silicon Valley and gave a demonstration of the program to engineers at Apple Computer and Russell Brown, art director at Adobe. Both showings were successful, and Adobe decided to purchase the license to distribute in September 1988.^[9] While John worked on plug-ins in California, Thomas remained in Ann Arbor writing code. Photoshop 1.0 was released on February 19, 1990, for Macintosh exclusively.^[12][13] The Barneyscan version included advanced color editing features that were stripped from the first Adobe shipped version. The handling of color slowly improved with each release from Adobe and Photoshop quickly became the industry standard in digital color editing. At the time Photoshop 1.0 was released, digital retouching on dedicated high-end systems (such as the Scitex) cost around $300 an hour for basic photo retouching. The list price of Photoshop 1.0 for Macintosh in 1990 was $895.^[14][15]

Photoshop was initially only available on Macintosh. In 1993, Adobe chief architect Seetharaman Narayanan ported Photoshop to Microsoft Windows. The Windows port led to Photoshop reaching a wider mass market audience as Microsoft’s global reach expanded within the next few years.^[16] On March 31, 1995, Adobe purchased the rights for Photoshop from Thomas and John Knoll for $34.5 million so Adobe would no longer need to pay a royalty for each copy sold.^[17][18]

File format

Photoshop document

Filename extension	.psd
Internet media type	image/vnd.adobe.photoshop
Type code	8BPS
Developed by	Adobe Inc.
Initial release	February 19, 1990
Open format?	no
Website	www.adobe.com/devnet-apps/photoshop/fileformatashtml/

Photoshop files have default file extension as .PSD, which stands for «Photoshop Document».^[19] A PSD file stores an image with support for all features of Photoshop; these include layers with masks, transparency, text, alpha channels and spot colors, clipping paths, and duotone settings. This is in contrast to many other file formats (e.g., .JPG or .GIF) that restrict content to provide streamlined, predictable functionality. A PSD file has a maximum height and width of 30,000 pixels, and a length limit of two gigabytes.

From the beginning, Photoshop could save files in other formats, including TIF, JPEG, and GIF. These files are smaller than PSD files because they lack the editable features of a PSD file. These formats are required to use the file in publications or on the web. Adobe’s discontinued program PageMaker required TIF format.

Photoshop can also create and use files with the extension .PSB, which stands for «Photoshop Big» (also known as «large document format»).^[20] A PSB file extends the PSD file format, increasing the maximum height and width to 300,000 pixels and the length limit to around 4 Exabytes. The dimension limit was apparently chosen arbitrarily by Adobe, not based on computer arithmetic constraints (it is not close to a power of two, as is 30,000) but for ease of software testing. PSD and PSB formats are documented.^[21]

Because of Photoshop’s popularity, PSD files are widely used and supported to some extent by most competing software, including GIMP and Affinity Photo. The .PSD file format can be exported to and from Adobe’s other apps, such as Adobe Illustrator, Adobe Premiere Pro, and After Effects.

Plugins

Photoshop functionality can be extended by add-on programs called Photoshop plugins (or plug-ins). Adobe creates some, such as Adobe Camera Raw, but most are developed by third-parties. Some are free and some are commercial software.
Most plugins work with only Photoshop or Photoshop-compatible hosts, but a few can also be run as standalone applications.

There are various types of plugins, such as filter, export, import, selection, color correction, and automation. The most popular plugins are the filter plugins (also known as a 8bf plugins), available under the Filter menu in Photoshop.
Filter plugins can either modify the current image or create content. Below are some popular types of plugins, and some well-known companies associated with them:

• Color correction plugins (Alien Skin Software,^[22] Nik Software,^[23] OnOne Software,^[24] Topaz Labs Software,^[25] The Plugin Site,^[26] etc.)
• Special effects plugins (Alien Skin Software, Auto FX Software,^[27] AV Bros.,^[28] Flaming Pear Software,^[29] etc.)
• 3D effects plugins (Andromeda Software,^[30] Strata,^[31] etc.)

Adobe Camera Raw (also known as ACR and Camera Raw) is a special plugin, supplied free by Adobe, used primarily to read and process raw image files so that the resulting images can be processed by Photoshop.^[32] It can also be used from within Adobe Bridge.

Cultural impact

Photoshop and derivatives such as Photoshopped (or just Shopped) have become verbs that are sometimes used to refer to images edited by Photoshop,^[33] or any image manipulation program. The same happens not only in English but as the Portuguese Wikipedia entry for image manipulation attests, even in that language, with the trademark being followed by the Portuguese verb termination -ar, yielding the word «photoshopar» (to photoshop). Such derivatives are discouraged by Adobe^[7] because, in order to maintain validity and protect the trademark from becoming generic, trademarks must be used as proper nouns.^{[citation needed]}

Version history

This section needs expansion with: more info on pre-CS versions, less trivia about CS/CC versions. You can help by adding to it. (September 2019)

Older versions

Photoshop’s naming scheme was initially based on version numbers, from version 0.07 (codename «Bond»; double-oh-seven), through version 0.87 (codename «Seurat» which was the first commercial version, sold as «Barneyscan XP»), version 1.0 (February 1990) all the way to version 7.0.1. Adobe published 7 major and many minor versions before the October 2003 introduction of version 8.0 which brought with it the Creative Suite branding.

Notable milestone features would be: Filters, Colour Separation, Virtual Memory (1.0), Paths, CMYK color (2.0), 16-bits-per-channel support, availability on Microsoft Windows (2.5), Layers, tabbed Palettes (3.0), Adjustments, Actions, Freeform Transform, PNG support (4.0), Editable Type, Magnetic Lasso and Pen, Freeform Pen, Multiple Undo, Layer Effects (5.0), Save For Web (5.5), Vector Shapes, revised User Interface (6.0), Vector Text, Healing Brush, Spell Check (7.0), Camera RAW (7.0.1).

In February 2013 Adobe donated the source code of the 1990 1.0.1 version of Photoshop to the Computer History Museum.^[34][35]

CS (version

The first Photoshop CS was commercially released in October 2003 as the eighth major version of Photoshop. Photoshop CS increased user control with a reworked file browser augmenting search versatility, sorting and sharing capabilities and the Histogram Palette which monitors changes in the image as they are made to the document. Match Color was also introduced in CS, which reads color data to achieve a uniform expression throughout a series of pictures.^[36]

CS2 (version 9)

Photoshop CS2, released in May 2005, expanded on its predecessor with a new set of tools and features. It included an upgraded Spot Healing Brush, which is mainly used for handling common photographic problems such as blemishes, red-eye, noise, blurring and lens distortion. One of the most significant inclusions in CS2 was the implementation of Smart Objects, which allows users to scale and transform images and vector illustrations without losing image quality, as well as create linked duplicates of embedded graphics so that a single edit updates across multiple iterations.^[37]

Adobe responded to feedback from the professional media industry by implementing non-destructive editing as well as the producing and modifying of 32-Bit High Dynamic Range (HDR) images, which are optimal for 3D rendering and advanced compositing. FireWire Previews could also be viewed on a monitor via a direct export feature.^[37]

Photoshop CS2 brought the Vanishing Point and Image Warping tools.^[37] Vanishing Point makes tedious graphic and photo retouching endeavors much simpler by letting users clone, paint and transform image objects while maintaining visual perspective. Image Warping makes it easy to digitally distort an image into a shape by choosing on-demand presets or by dragging control points.^[37]

The File Browser was upgraded to Adobe Bridge, which functioned as a hub for productivity, imagery and creativity, providing multi-view file browsing and smooth cross-product integration across Adobe Creative Suite 2 software.^[37] Adobe Bridge also provided access to Adobe Stock Photos, a new stock photography service that offered users one-stop shopping across five elite stock image providers to deliver high-quality, royalty-free images for layout and design.

Camera Raw version 3.0 was a new addition in CS2, and it allowed settings for multiple raw files to be modified simultaneously. In addition, processing multiple raw files to other formats including JPEG, TIFF, DNG or PSD, could be done in the background without executing Photoshop itself.^[37]

Photoshop CS2 brought a streamlined interface, making it easier to access features for specific instances. In CS2 users were also given the ability to create their own custom presets, which was meant to save time and increase productivity.^[37]

CS2 activation servers’ shutdown: In January 2013, Adobe Photoshop CS2 (9.0), with some other CS2 products, was released with an official serial number, due to the technical glitch in Adobe’s CS2 activation servers (see Creative Suite 1 and 2).

CS3 (version 10)

CS3 improves on features from previous versions of Photoshop and introduces new tools. One of the most significant is the streamlined interface which allows increased performance, speed, and efficiency. There is also improved support for Camera RAW files which allow users to process images with higher speed and conversion quality. CS3 supports over 150 RAW formats as well as JPEG, TIFF and PDF.^[38] Enhancements were made to the Black and White Conversion, Brightness and Contrast Adjustment and Vanishing Point Module tools. The Black and White adjustment option improves control over manual grayscale conversions with a dialog box similar to that of Channel Mixer. There is more control over print options and better management with Adobe Bridge. The Clone Source palette is introduced, adding more options to the clone stamp tool. Other features include the nondestructive Smart Filters, optimizing graphics for mobile devices,^[39] Fill Light and Dust Busting tools.^[38] Compositing is assisted with Photoshop’s new Quick Selection and Refine Edge tools and improved image stitching technology.^[40]

CS3 Extended includes everything in CS3 and additional features. There are tools for 3D graphic file formats, video enhancement and animation, and comprehensive image measurement and analysis tools with DICOM file support.^[41] The 3D graphic formats allow 3D content to be incorporated into 2D compositions. As for video editing, CS3 supports layers and video formatting so users can edit video files per frame.^[38]

CS3 and CS3 Extended were released in April 2007 to the United States and Canada. They were also made available through Adobe’s online store and Adobe Authorized Resellers. Both CS3 and CS3 Extended are offered as either a stand-alone application or feature of Adobe Creative Suite. Both products are compatible with Intel-based Macs and PowerPCs, supporting Windows XP and Windows Vista.^[38] CS3 is the first release of Photoshop that will run natively on Macs with Intel processors: previous versions can only run through the translation layer Rosetta, and will not run at all on Macs running Mac OS X 10.7 or later.

CS4 (version 11)

CS4 features smoother panning and zooming, allowing faster image editing at a high magnification. The interface is more simplified with its tab-based interface^[42] making it cleaner to work with. Photoshop CS4 features a new 3D engine allowing the conversion of gradient maps to 3D objects, adding depth to layers and text, and getting print-quality output with the new ray-tracing rendering engine. It supports common 3D formats; the new Adjustment and Mask panels; content-aware scaling (seam carving);^[43] fluid canvas rotation and File display options.^[44] The content-aware scaling allows users to intelligently size and scale images, and the canvas rotation tool makes it easier to rotate and edit images from any angle.^[42]

Adobe released Photoshop CS4 Extended, which has the features of Adobe Photoshop CS4, plus capabilities for scientific imaging, 3D, motion graphics, accurate image analysis and high-end film and video users. The faster 3D engine allows users to paint directly on 3D models, wrap 2D images around 3D shapes and animate 3D objects.^[42] As the successor to Photoshop CS3, Photoshop CS4 is the first x64 edition of Photoshop on consumer computers for Windows.^[45] The color correction tool has also been improved significantly.^[42]

CS4 and CS4 Extended were released on October 15, 2008. They were also made available through Adobe’s online store and Adobe Authorized Resellers. Both CS4 and CS4 Extended are offered as either a stand-alone application or feature of Adobe Creative Suite. Both products are compatible with Intel-based Mac OS X and PowerPCs, supporting Windows XP and Windows Vista.^[42]

CS5 (version 12)

Photoshop CS5 was launched on April 12, 2010.^[46] In a video posted on its official Facebook page, the development team revealed the new technologies under development, including three-dimensional brushes and warping tools.^[47]

In May 2011, Adobe Creative Suite 5.5 (CS5.5) was released, with new versions of some of the applications. Its version of Photoshop, 12.1, is identical to the concurrently released update for Photoshop CS5, version 12.0.4, except for support for the new subscription pricing that was introduced with CS5.5.^[48]

CS5 introduces new tools such as the Content-Aware Fill, Refine Edge, Mixer Brush, Bristle Tips and Puppet Warp. The community also had a hand in the additions made to CS5 as 30 new features and improvements were included by request. These include automatic image straightening, the Rule-of-Thirds cropping tool, color pickup, and saving a 16-bit image as a JPEG. Another feature includes the Adobe Mini Bridge, which allows for efficient file browsing and management.^[49]

CS5 Extended includes everything in CS5 plus features in 3D and video editing. A new materials library was added, providing more options such as Chrome, Glass, and Cork. The new Shadow Catcher tool can be used to further enhance 3D objects. For motion graphics, the tools can be applied to over more than one frame in a video sequence.^[49]

CS5 and CS5 Extended were made available through Adobe’s online store, Adobe Authorized Resellers and Adobe direct sales. Both CS5 and CS5 Extended are offered as either a stand-alone application or a feature of Adobe Creative Suite 5. Both products are compatible with Intel-based Mac OS X and Windows XP, Windows Vista, and Windows 7.^[50]

CS6 (version 13)

Photoshop CS6, released in May 2012, added new creative design tools and provided a redesigned interface^[51] with a focus on enhanced performance. New features have been added to the Content-Aware tool such as the Content-Aware Patch and Content-Aware Move.^[52]

Adobe Photoshop CS6 brought a suite of tools for video editing. Color and exposure adjustments, as well as layers, are among a few things that are featured in this new editor. Upon completion of editing, the user is presented with a handful of options of exporting into a few popular formats.^[53]

CS6 brings the «straighten» tool to Photoshop, where a user simply draws a line anywhere on an image, and the canvas will reorient itself so that the line drawn becomes horizontal, and adjusts the media accordingly. This was created with the intention that users will draw a line parallel to a plane in the image, and reorient the image to that plane to more easily achieve certain perspectives.^[53]

CS6 allows background saving, which means that while another document is compiling and archiving itself, it is possible to simultaneously edit an image. CS6 also features a customizable auto-save feature, preventing any work from being lost.^[53]

With version 13.1.3, Adobe dropped support for Windows XP (including Windows XP Professional x64 Edition); thus, the last version that works on Windows XP is 13.0.1. Adobe also announced that CS6 will be the last suite sold with perpetual licenses in favor of the new Creative Cloud subscriptions, though they will continue to provide OS compatibility support as well as bug fixes and security updates as necessary.^[54]

Starting January 9, 2017, CS6 is no longer available for purchase, making a Creative Cloud license the only purchase option going forward.^[55] No more updates will be available for all CS6 software either.

CC (version 14)

Photoshop CC (14.0) was launched on June 18, 2013. As the next major version after CS6, it is only available as part of a Creative Cloud subscription. Major features in this version include new Smart Sharpen, Intelligent Upsampling, and Camera Shake Reduction for reducing blur caused by camera shake. Editable Rounded Rectangles and an update to Adobe Camera Raw (8.0) were also included.^[56]

Since the initial launch, Adobe has released two additional feature-bearing updates. The first, version 14.1, was launched on September 9, 2013. The major features in this version were Adobe Generator, a Node.js-based platform for creating plug-ins for Photoshop. Photoshop 14.1 shipped with two plug-ins, one to automatically generate image assets based on an extension in the layer name, and another to automatically generate assets for Adobe Edge Reflow.^[57]

Version 14.2 was released on January 15, 2014. Major features include Perspective Warp, Linked Smart Objects, and 3D Printing support.^[58]

CC 2014 (version 15)

Photoshop CC 2014 (15.0) was released on June 18, 2014. CC 2014 features improvements to content-aware tools, two new blur tools (spin blur and path blur) and a new focus mask feature that enables the user to select parts of an image based on whether they are in focus or not. Other minor improvements have been made, including speed increases for certain tasks.^[59][60]

CC 2015 (version 16 and version 17)

Photoshop CC 2015 was released on June 15, 2015. Adobe added various creative features including Adobe Stock, which is a library of custom stock images. It also includes and have the ability to have more than one layer style.^[61] For example, in the older versions of Photoshop, only one shadow could be used for a layer but in CC 2015, up to ten are available. Other minor features like Export As, which is a form of the Save For Web in CC 2014 were also added. The updated UI as of November 30, 2015, delivers a cleaner and more consistent look throughout Photoshop, and the user can quickly perform common tasks using a new set of gestures on touch-enabled devices like Microsoft Surface Pro.^[62] CC 2015 also marks the 25th anniversary of Photoshop.^[63]

CC 2017 (version 18)

Photoshop CC 2017 was released on November 2, 2016. It introduced a new template selector when creating new documents, the ability to search for tools, panels and help articles for Photoshop, support for SVG OpenType fonts and other small improvements. In December 2016, a minor update was released to include support for the MacBook Pro Touch Bar.

CC 2018 (version 19)

Photoshop CC 2018 (version 19) was released on October 18, 2017. It featured an overhaul to the brush organization system, allowing for more properties (such as color and opacity) to be saved per-brush and for brushes to be categorized in folders and sub-folders. It also added brush stroke smoothing, and over 1000 brushes created by Kyle T. Webster (following Adobe’s acquisition of his website, KyleBrush.com^[64]). A Curvature Pen tool, similar to the one in Illustrator, was added, allowing for faster creation of Bézier paths. Other additions were Lightroom Photo access, Variable font support, select subject, copy-paste layers, enhanced tooltips, 360 panorama and HEIF support, PNG compression, increased maximum zoom level, symmetry mode, algorithm improvements to Face-aware and selection tools, color and luminance range masking, improved image resizing, and performance improvements to file opening, filters, and brush strokes.^[65]

CC 2019 (version 20)

Photoshop CC 2019 was released on October 15, 2018. Beginning with Photoshop CC 2019 (version 20.0), the 32-bit version of Windows is no longer supported. This version Introduced a new tool called Frame Tool to create placeholder frames for images. It also added multiple undo mode, auto-commitment, and prevented accidental panel moves with lock work-space. Live blend mode previews are added, allowing for faster scrolling over different blend mode options in the layers panel. Other additions were Color Wheel, Transform proportionally without Shift key, Distribute spacing like in Illustrator, ability to see longer layer names, match font with Japanese fonts, flip document view, scale UI to font, reference point hidden by default, new compositing engine, which provides a more modern compositing architecture is added which is easier to optimize on all platforms.

2020 (version 21)

Photoshop 2020 was released on November 4, 2019. Version 21 has many new and enhanced features like the new object selection tool for better automate complex selections, new properties panel, enhanced transform warp, new keyboard shortcuts for paint & brush and background image removal option. It added several improvements to the new content-aware fill and to the new document tab. Also added were animated GIF support, improved lens blur performance and one-click zoom to a layer’s contents. It introduced new swatches, gradients, patterns, shapes and stylistic sets for OpenType fonts. With this version users now can easily convert smart objects to layers and also can adjust 32-bit layers for brightness/contrast and curves. Presets are now more intuitive to use and easier to organize.

With the February 2020 update (version 21.1) Photoshop now can iteratively fill multiple areas of an image without having to leave content-aware fill workspace. This version improved GPU based lens blur quality and provided performance improvements, such as accelerating workflows with smoother panning, zooming and navigation of documents.

Version 21 was the first version where the iPad version was released. With Photoshop on the iPad, combined with the new Cloud PSD file format, a user can save cloud documents and work across Windows, Mac and iPad.^[8] Photoshop on the iPad does not have all the features of the desktop Photoshop.^[8] Adobe promises to update Photoshop on the iPad at «a much more aggressive pace than it has with its current Creative Cloud apps for the desktop».^[8] Adobe has provided a timeline for enhancing Photoshop on the iPad to have more of the features of desktop Photoshop.^[66]

Version 21.2 of the desktop version was released in June 2020. It introduced faster portrait selection, Adobe Camera Raw improvements, auto-activated Adobe Fonts, rotatable patterns, and improved Match Font.^[67]

2021 (version 22)

Version 22.0.0 was released in October 2020.

Version 22.0.1 was released in November 2020.

Version 22.1.0 was released in December 2020.

Version 22.1.1 was released in January 2021.

Version 22.2 was released in February 2021.

Version 22.3 was released in March 2021. This is the first macOS release to run natively on Apple silicon.^[68]

Version 22.3.1 was released in April 2021.

Version 22.4 was released in May 2021.

Version 22.4.1 was released in May 2021.

Version 22.4.2 was released in June 2021.

Version 22.4.3 was released in July 2021.

Version 22.5 was released in August 2021.

Version 22.5.1 was released in September 2021.

2022 (version 23)

Version 23.0 was released in October 2021.

Content Credentials (Beta) was introduced. When enabled, the editing information is captured in a tamper-evident form and resides with the file through successive copy generations. It aligns with the C2PA standard on digital provenance across the internet.^[69]

Version 23.0.1 was released in November 2021.

Version 23.0.2 was released in November 2021.

Version 23.1 was released in December 2021.

Version 23.1.1 was released in January 2022.

Version 23.2 was released in February 2022.

Version 23.3 was released in April 2022.

Version 23.4 was released in June 2022.

Version 23.5 was released in August 2022.

2022 (version 24)

Version 24.0 was released in October 2022.

Version 24.1 was releaded in December 2022.

Adobe Photoshop family

The Adobe Photoshop family is a group of applications and services made by Adobe Inc. for the use of professional image editing. Several features of the Adobe Photoshop family are pixel manipulating, image organizing, photo retouching, and more.

Current applications

• Bridge is an image organizer and digital asset management app. It features limited integration with other Adobe apps but has no editing capabilities of its own.
• DNG Converter is a tool used to convert DNG files into other file formats.
• Elements Organizer is the digital asset management app for Photoshop Elements and Premiere Elements.^[70] It is able to organize all your photos and video projects all in one place.
• Fresco is a mobile drawing and painting app for iOS, developed and marketed by Adobe through Creative Cloud. It presently requires an iPad tablet with Apple Pencil support.
• Lightroom is a creative image organization and image manipulation software developed by Adobe Inc. as part of the Creative Cloud subscription family.
• Lightroom Classic is the offline desktop version of the Photoshop Lightroom photo editing and viewing applications offered by subscription through Creative Cloud.
• Photoshop Camera is an image tool that easily captures and shares photos with your camera.
• Photoshop Elements is a graphics editor for photographers, image editors and hobbyists. It contains most of the features of the professional version but with fewer and simpler options. The program allows users to create, edit, organize and share images. Originally introduced alongside Adobe Photoshop version 6, Photoshop Elements targets photography enthusiasts and thus lacks many features that make it useful in a proper print production environment.^[71]
• Photoshop Express is an image editing and collage making mobile application from Adobe Inc. The app is available on iOS, Android and Windows phones and tablets. It can also be installed on Windows desktop via the Microsoft Store. Photoshop Express Editor has various features which can be used to enhance photos. In November 2016 Collage creation was introduced to Adobe Photoshop Express on iOS.^[72] They allow editing pictures in the smartphone or tablet rather than online. It can be used to showcase your latest art, ideas, or products.^[73] In the early days of the beta test, the product’s terms of use raised controversy, in that it claimed to retain an irrevocable license to use certain works submitted by end users in perpetuity.^[74][75] At that time, Adobe held users of Photoshop Express to Adobe.com’s general Terms of Use, which had not been drafted in contemplation of the sort of user-created content utilized in Photoshop Express. Following user concerns and negative press, Adobe issued new, more specialized Terms of Use for the Photoshop Express product that superseded sections of the General Terms, and clarified many of these issues. Changes included making the license expressly revocable and indicating that Adobe’s rights to use the content are solely for the operation of Photoshop Express itself.^[76]
• Photoshop Fix is a photo retouching app for mobile devices marketed through Creative Cloud. The retouched images can be exported to the desktop version of Photoshop for further work.
• Photoshop Mix is a mobile application designed as a replacement for Photoshop Touch specifically for tablets and touchscreen devices.^[77] It includes many of the features of the personal computer version, including layers, selection tools, adjustments, and filters. Edited files could be synced with Creative Cloud.
• Photoshop Sketch is a drawing and painting app for mobile devices marketed through Creative Cloud. Sketches made can be exported to Photoshop. They can also be uploaded directly to the Bēhance social media platform.

Discontinued applications

• ActiveShare is a discontinued photo-sharing platform distributed by Adobe Systems. The Photoshop Album application replaced ActiveShare in 2003.^[78]
• Fireworks is a discontinued raster graphics editor for web designers. It could create interactive contents (e.g. buttons that change shape when the mouse cursor is hovered on) and animations.
• ImageReady is a discontinued raster graphics editor for web designers. It was discontinued on CS2 in favor of Fireworks.
• Photoshop Album is a piece of application software designed to import, organize and edit digital photos, and allows quick and easy searching and sharing of entire photo collections. It was initially released on February 18, 2003. The last version was Photoshop Album 3.2.0. It was discontinued in favor of Photoshop Elements. It has been compared to Apple Inc.’s iPhoto and Google’s Picasa.^[79]
• Photoshop Limited Edition (LE) was a graphics editor for novice photographers and hobbyists. It contains most of the features of the professional version but with fewer and simpler options. It was instead replaced by Photoshop Elements in September 2000.
• Preview CC is an app for previewing mobile designs.

See also

• Creative Cloud controversy
• Comparison of raster graphics editors
• Image editing

References

Further reading

• Lev Manovich (2011). «Inside Photoshop». Computational Culture (1). ISSN 2047-2390. (asks: «How does media authoring software shape the media being created, making some design choices seem natural and easy to execute, while hiding other design possibilities?»)

External links

• Official website
• Adobe Photoshop at Curlie

«Adobe Ps» redirects here. For the vector graphics language, see PostScript.

Adobe Photoshop

Adobe Photoshop 2020 (21.1.0) running on Windows
Original author(s)	Thomas Knoll John Knoll
Developer(s)	Adobe Inc.
Initial release	February 19, 1990; 32 years ago
Stable release	24.1[1]  / December 13, 2022; 26 days ago
Written in	C++
Operating system	Windows 10 version 20H2 and later macOS 11.0 and later[2] iPadOS 14.0 and later[3] Android 7.1 and later[4]
Platform	x86-64, ARM64
Available in	26 languages[5]
List of languages American English, British English, Arabic, Mandarin Chinese, Chinese Traditional, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Hebrew, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Swedish, Romanian, Turkish and Ukrainian
Type	Raster graphics editor
License	Trialware, SaaS
Website	www.adobe.com/products/photoshop.html

Adobe Photoshop is a raster graphics editor developed and published by Adobe Inc. for Windows and macOS. It was originally created in 1987 by Thomas and John Knoll. Since then, the software has become the most used tool for professional digital art, especially in raster graphics editing. The software’s name is often colloquially used as a verb (e.g. «to photoshop an image», «photoshopping», and «photoshop contest»)^[6] although Adobe discourages such use.^[7]

Photoshop can edit and compose raster images in multiple layers and supports masks, alpha compositing and several color models. Photoshop uses its own PSD and PSB file formats to support these features. In addition to raster graphics, Photoshop has limited abilities to edit or render text and vector graphics (especially through clipping path for the latter), as well as 3D graphics and video. Its feature set can be expanded by plug-ins; programs developed and distributed independently of Photoshop that run inside it and offer new or enhanced features.

Photoshop’s naming scheme was initially based on version numbers. However, in October 2002 (following the introduction of Creative Suite branding), each new version of Photoshop was designated with «CS» plus a number; e.g., the eighth major version of Photoshop was Photoshop CS and the ninth was Photoshop CS2. Photoshop CS3 through CS6 were also distributed in two different editions: Standard and Extended. With the introduction of the Creative Cloud branding in June 2013 (and in turn, the change of the «CS» suffix to «CC«), Photoshop’s licensing scheme was changed to that of software as a service subscription model. Historically, Photoshop was bundled with additional software such as Adobe ImageReady, Adobe Fireworks, Adobe Bridge, Adobe Device Central and Adobe Camera RAW.

Alongside Photoshop, Adobe also develops and publishes Photoshop Elements, Photoshop Lightroom, Photoshop Express, Photoshop Fix, Adobe Illustrator, and Photoshop Mix. As of November 2019, Adobe has also released a full version of Photoshop for the iPad, and while initially limited, Adobe plans to bring more features to Photoshop for iPad.^[8] Collectively, they are branded as «The Adobe Photoshop Family».

Early history

Photoshop was developed in 1987 by two brothers Thomas and John Knoll, who sold the distribution license to Adobe Systems Incorporated in 1988. Thomas Knoll, a Ph.D. student at the University of Michigan, began writing a program on his Macintosh Plus to display grayscale images on a monochrome display. This program (at that time called Display) caught the attention of his brother John, an Industrial Light & Magic employee, who recommended that Thomas turn it into a full-fledged image editing program. Thomas took a six-month break from his studies in 1988 to collaborate with his brother on the program. Thomas renamed the program ImagePro, but the name was already taken.^[9] Later that year, Thomas renamed his program Photoshop and worked out a short-term deal with scanner manufacturer Barneyscan to distribute copies of the program with a slide scanner; a «total of about 200 copies of Photoshop were shipped» this way.^[10][11]

During this time, John traveled to Silicon Valley and gave a demonstration of the program to engineers at Apple Computer and Russell Brown, art director at Adobe. Both showings were successful, and Adobe decided to purchase the license to distribute in September 1988.^[9] While John worked on plug-ins in California, Thomas remained in Ann Arbor writing code. Photoshop 1.0 was released on February 19, 1990, for Macintosh exclusively.^[12][13] The Barneyscan version included advanced color editing features that were stripped from the first Adobe shipped version. The handling of color slowly improved with each release from Adobe and Photoshop quickly became the industry standard in digital color editing. At the time Photoshop 1.0 was released, digital retouching on dedicated high-end systems (such as the Scitex) cost around $300 an hour for basic photo retouching. The list price of Photoshop 1.0 for Macintosh in 1990 was $895.^[14][15]

Photoshop was initially only available on Macintosh. In 1993, Adobe chief architect Seetharaman Narayanan ported Photoshop to Microsoft Windows. The Windows port led to Photoshop reaching a wider mass market audience as Microsoft’s global reach expanded within the next few years.^[16] On March 31, 1995, Adobe purchased the rights for Photoshop from Thomas and John Knoll for $34.5 million so Adobe would no longer need to pay a royalty for each copy sold.^[17][18]

File format

Photoshop document

Filename extension	.psd
Internet media type	image/vnd.adobe.photoshop
Type code	8BPS
Developed by	Adobe Inc.
Initial release	February 19, 1990
Open format?	no
Website	www.adobe.com/devnet-apps/photoshop/fileformatashtml/

Photoshop files have default file extension as .PSD, which stands for «Photoshop Document».^[19] A PSD file stores an image with support for all features of Photoshop; these include layers with masks, transparency, text, alpha channels and spot colors, clipping paths, and duotone settings. This is in contrast to many other file formats (e.g., .JPG or .GIF) that restrict content to provide streamlined, predictable functionality. A PSD file has a maximum height and width of 30,000 pixels, and a length limit of two gigabytes.

From the beginning, Photoshop could save files in other formats, including TIF, JPEG, and GIF. These files are smaller than PSD files because they lack the editable features of a PSD file. These formats are required to use the file in publications or on the web. Adobe’s discontinued program PageMaker required TIF format.

Photoshop can also create and use files with the extension .PSB, which stands for «Photoshop Big» (also known as «large document format»).^[20] A PSB file extends the PSD file format, increasing the maximum height and width to 300,000 pixels and the length limit to around 4 Exabytes. The dimension limit was apparently chosen arbitrarily by Adobe, not based on computer arithmetic constraints (it is not close to a power of two, as is 30,000) but for ease of software testing. PSD and PSB formats are documented.^[21]

Because of Photoshop’s popularity, PSD files are widely used and supported to some extent by most competing software, including GIMP and Affinity Photo. The .PSD file format can be exported to and from Adobe’s other apps, such as Adobe Illustrator, Adobe Premiere Pro, and After Effects.

Plugins

Photoshop functionality can be extended by add-on programs called Photoshop plugins (or plug-ins). Adobe creates some, such as Adobe Camera Raw, but most are developed by third-parties. Some are free and some are commercial software.
Most plugins work with only Photoshop or Photoshop-compatible hosts, but a few can also be run as standalone applications.

There are various types of plugins, such as filter, export, import, selection, color correction, and automation. The most popular plugins are the filter plugins (also known as a 8bf plugins), available under the Filter menu in Photoshop.
Filter plugins can either modify the current image or create content. Below are some popular types of plugins, and some well-known companies associated with them:

• Color correction plugins (Alien Skin Software,^[22] Nik Software,^[23] OnOne Software,^[24] Topaz Labs Software,^[25] The Plugin Site,^[26] etc.)
• Special effects plugins (Alien Skin Software, Auto FX Software,^[27] AV Bros.,^[28] Flaming Pear Software,^[29] etc.)
• 3D effects plugins (Andromeda Software,^[30] Strata,^[31] etc.)

Adobe Camera Raw (also known as ACR and Camera Raw) is a special plugin, supplied free by Adobe, used primarily to read and process raw image files so that the resulting images can be processed by Photoshop.^[32] It can also be used from within Adobe Bridge.

Cultural impact

Photoshop and derivatives such as Photoshopped (or just Shopped) have become verbs that are sometimes used to refer to images edited by Photoshop,^[33] or any image manipulation program. The same happens not only in English but as the Portuguese Wikipedia entry for image manipulation attests, even in that language, with the trademark being followed by the Portuguese verb termination -ar, yielding the word «photoshopar» (to photoshop). Such derivatives are discouraged by Adobe^[7] because, in order to maintain validity and protect the trademark from becoming generic, trademarks must be used as proper nouns.^{[citation needed]}

Version history

This section needs expansion with: more info on pre-CS versions, less trivia about CS/CC versions. You can help by adding to it. (September 2019)

Older versions

Photoshop’s naming scheme was initially based on version numbers, from version 0.07 (codename «Bond»; double-oh-seven), through version 0.87 (codename «Seurat» which was the first commercial version, sold as «Barneyscan XP»), version 1.0 (February 1990) all the way to version 7.0.1. Adobe published 7 major and many minor versions before the October 2003 introduction of version 8.0 which brought with it the Creative Suite branding.

Notable milestone features would be: Filters, Colour Separation, Virtual Memory (1.0), Paths, CMYK color (2.0), 16-bits-per-channel support, availability on Microsoft Windows (2.5), Layers, tabbed Palettes (3.0), Adjustments, Actions, Freeform Transform, PNG support (4.0), Editable Type, Magnetic Lasso and Pen, Freeform Pen, Multiple Undo, Layer Effects (5.0), Save For Web (5.5), Vector Shapes, revised User Interface (6.0), Vector Text, Healing Brush, Spell Check (7.0), Camera RAW (7.0.1).

In February 2013 Adobe donated the source code of the 1990 1.0.1 version of Photoshop to the Computer History Museum.^[34][35]

CS (version

The first Photoshop CS was commercially released in October 2003 as the eighth major version of Photoshop. Photoshop CS increased user control with a reworked file browser augmenting search versatility, sorting and sharing capabilities and the Histogram Palette which monitors changes in the image as they are made to the document. Match Color was also introduced in CS, which reads color data to achieve a uniform expression throughout a series of pictures.^[36]

CS2 (version 9)

Photoshop CS2, released in May 2005, expanded on its predecessor with a new set of tools and features. It included an upgraded Spot Healing Brush, which is mainly used for handling common photographic problems such as blemishes, red-eye, noise, blurring and lens distortion. One of the most significant inclusions in CS2 was the implementation of Smart Objects, which allows users to scale and transform images and vector illustrations without losing image quality, as well as create linked duplicates of embedded graphics so that a single edit updates across multiple iterations.^[37]

Adobe responded to feedback from the professional media industry by implementing non-destructive editing as well as the producing and modifying of 32-Bit High Dynamic Range (HDR) images, which are optimal for 3D rendering and advanced compositing. FireWire Previews could also be viewed on a monitor via a direct export feature.^[37]

Photoshop CS2 brought the Vanishing Point and Image Warping tools.^[37] Vanishing Point makes tedious graphic and photo retouching endeavors much simpler by letting users clone, paint and transform image objects while maintaining visual perspective. Image Warping makes it easy to digitally distort an image into a shape by choosing on-demand presets or by dragging control points.^[37]

The File Browser was upgraded to Adobe Bridge, which functioned as a hub for productivity, imagery and creativity, providing multi-view file browsing and smooth cross-product integration across Adobe Creative Suite 2 software.^[37] Adobe Bridge also provided access to Adobe Stock Photos, a new stock photography service that offered users one-stop shopping across five elite stock image providers to deliver high-quality, royalty-free images for layout and design.

Camera Raw version 3.0 was a new addition in CS2, and it allowed settings for multiple raw files to be modified simultaneously. In addition, processing multiple raw files to other formats including JPEG, TIFF, DNG or PSD, could be done in the background without executing Photoshop itself.^[37]

Photoshop CS2 brought a streamlined interface, making it easier to access features for specific instances. In CS2 users were also given the ability to create their own custom presets, which was meant to save time and increase productivity.^[37]

CS2 activation servers’ shutdown: In January 2013, Adobe Photoshop CS2 (9.0), with some other CS2 products, was released with an official serial number, due to the technical glitch in Adobe’s CS2 activation servers (see Creative Suite 1 and 2).

CS3 (version 10)

CS3 improves on features from previous versions of Photoshop and introduces new tools. One of the most significant is the streamlined interface which allows increased performance, speed, and efficiency. There is also improved support for Camera RAW files which allow users to process images with higher speed and conversion quality. CS3 supports over 150 RAW formats as well as JPEG, TIFF and PDF.^[38] Enhancements were made to the Black and White Conversion, Brightness and Contrast Adjustment and Vanishing Point Module tools. The Black and White adjustment option improves control over manual grayscale conversions with a dialog box similar to that of Channel Mixer. There is more control over print options and better management with Adobe Bridge. The Clone Source palette is introduced, adding more options to the clone stamp tool. Other features include the nondestructive Smart Filters, optimizing graphics for mobile devices,^[39] Fill Light and Dust Busting tools.^[38] Compositing is assisted with Photoshop’s new Quick Selection and Refine Edge tools and improved image stitching technology.^[40]

CS3 Extended includes everything in CS3 and additional features. There are tools for 3D graphic file formats, video enhancement and animation, and comprehensive image measurement and analysis tools with DICOM file support.^[41] The 3D graphic formats allow 3D content to be incorporated into 2D compositions. As for video editing, CS3 supports layers and video formatting so users can edit video files per frame.^[38]

CS3 and CS3 Extended were released in April 2007 to the United States and Canada. They were also made available through Adobe’s online store and Adobe Authorized Resellers. Both CS3 and CS3 Extended are offered as either a stand-alone application or feature of Adobe Creative Suite. Both products are compatible with Intel-based Macs and PowerPCs, supporting Windows XP and Windows Vista.^[38] CS3 is the first release of Photoshop that will run natively on Macs with Intel processors: previous versions can only run through the translation layer Rosetta, and will not run at all on Macs running Mac OS X 10.7 or later.

CS4 (version 11)

CS4 features smoother panning and zooming, allowing faster image editing at a high magnification. The interface is more simplified with its tab-based interface^[42] making it cleaner to work with. Photoshop CS4 features a new 3D engine allowing the conversion of gradient maps to 3D objects, adding depth to layers and text, and getting print-quality output with the new ray-tracing rendering engine. It supports common 3D formats; the new Adjustment and Mask panels; content-aware scaling (seam carving);^[43] fluid canvas rotation and File display options.^[44] The content-aware scaling allows users to intelligently size and scale images, and the canvas rotation tool makes it easier to rotate and edit images from any angle.^[42]

Adobe released Photoshop CS4 Extended, which has the features of Adobe Photoshop CS4, plus capabilities for scientific imaging, 3D, motion graphics, accurate image analysis and high-end film and video users. The faster 3D engine allows users to paint directly on 3D models, wrap 2D images around 3D shapes and animate 3D objects.^[42] As the successor to Photoshop CS3, Photoshop CS4 is the first x64 edition of Photoshop on consumer computers for Windows.^[45] The color correction tool has also been improved significantly.^[42]

CS4 and CS4 Extended were released on October 15, 2008. They were also made available through Adobe’s online store and Adobe Authorized Resellers. Both CS4 and CS4 Extended are offered as either a stand-alone application or feature of Adobe Creative Suite. Both products are compatible with Intel-based Mac OS X and PowerPCs, supporting Windows XP and Windows Vista.^[42]

CS5 (version 12)

Photoshop CS5 was launched on April 12, 2010.^[46] In a video posted on its official Facebook page, the development team revealed the new technologies under development, including three-dimensional brushes and warping tools.^[47]

In May 2011, Adobe Creative Suite 5.5 (CS5.5) was released, with new versions of some of the applications. Its version of Photoshop, 12.1, is identical to the concurrently released update for Photoshop CS5, version 12.0.4, except for support for the new subscription pricing that was introduced with CS5.5.^[48]

CS5 introduces new tools such as the Content-Aware Fill, Refine Edge, Mixer Brush, Bristle Tips and Puppet Warp. The community also had a hand in the additions made to CS5 as 30 new features and improvements were included by request. These include automatic image straightening, the Rule-of-Thirds cropping tool, color pickup, and saving a 16-bit image as a JPEG. Another feature includes the Adobe Mini Bridge, which allows for efficient file browsing and management.^[49]

CS5 Extended includes everything in CS5 plus features in 3D and video editing. A new materials library was added, providing more options such as Chrome, Glass, and Cork. The new Shadow Catcher tool can be used to further enhance 3D objects. For motion graphics, the tools can be applied to over more than one frame in a video sequence.^[49]

CS5 and CS5 Extended were made available through Adobe’s online store, Adobe Authorized Resellers and Adobe direct sales. Both CS5 and CS5 Extended are offered as either a stand-alone application or a feature of Adobe Creative Suite 5. Both products are compatible with Intel-based Mac OS X and Windows XP, Windows Vista, and Windows 7.^[50]

CS6 (version 13)

Photoshop CS6, released in May 2012, added new creative design tools and provided a redesigned interface^[51] with a focus on enhanced performance. New features have been added to the Content-Aware tool such as the Content-Aware Patch and Content-Aware Move.^[52]

Adobe Photoshop CS6 brought a suite of tools for video editing. Color and exposure adjustments, as well as layers, are among a few things that are featured in this new editor. Upon completion of editing, the user is presented with a handful of options of exporting into a few popular formats.^[53]

CS6 brings the «straighten» tool to Photoshop, where a user simply draws a line anywhere on an image, and the canvas will reorient itself so that the line drawn becomes horizontal, and adjusts the media accordingly. This was created with the intention that users will draw a line parallel to a plane in the image, and reorient the image to that plane to more easily achieve certain perspectives.^[53]

CS6 allows background saving, which means that while another document is compiling and archiving itself, it is possible to simultaneously edit an image. CS6 also features a customizable auto-save feature, preventing any work from being lost.^[53]

With version 13.1.3, Adobe dropped support for Windows XP (including Windows XP Professional x64 Edition); thus, the last version that works on Windows XP is 13.0.1. Adobe also announced that CS6 will be the last suite sold with perpetual licenses in favor of the new Creative Cloud subscriptions, though they will continue to provide OS compatibility support as well as bug fixes and security updates as necessary.^[54]

Starting January 9, 2017, CS6 is no longer available for purchase, making a Creative Cloud license the only purchase option going forward.^[55] No more updates will be available for all CS6 software either.

CC (version 14)

Photoshop CC (14.0) was launched on June 18, 2013. As the next major version after CS6, it is only available as part of a Creative Cloud subscription. Major features in this version include new Smart Sharpen, Intelligent Upsampling, and Camera Shake Reduction for reducing blur caused by camera shake. Editable Rounded Rectangles and an update to Adobe Camera Raw (8.0) were also included.^[56]

Since the initial launch, Adobe has released two additional feature-bearing updates. The first, version 14.1, was launched on September 9, 2013. The major features in this version were Adobe Generator, a Node.js-based platform for creating plug-ins for Photoshop. Photoshop 14.1 shipped with two plug-ins, one to automatically generate image assets based on an extension in the layer name, and another to automatically generate assets for Adobe Edge Reflow.^[57]

Version 14.2 was released on January 15, 2014. Major features include Perspective Warp, Linked Smart Objects, and 3D Printing support.^[58]

CC 2014 (version 15)

Photoshop CC 2014 (15.0) was released on June 18, 2014. CC 2014 features improvements to content-aware tools, two new blur tools (spin blur and path blur) and a new focus mask feature that enables the user to select parts of an image based on whether they are in focus or not. Other minor improvements have been made, including speed increases for certain tasks.^[59][60]

CC 2015 (version 16 and version 17)

Photoshop CC 2015 was released on June 15, 2015. Adobe added various creative features including Adobe Stock, which is a library of custom stock images. It also includes and have the ability to have more than one layer style.^[61] For example, in the older versions of Photoshop, only one shadow could be used for a layer but in CC 2015, up to ten are available. Other minor features like Export As, which is a form of the Save For Web in CC 2014 were also added. The updated UI as of November 30, 2015, delivers a cleaner and more consistent look throughout Photoshop, and the user can quickly perform common tasks using a new set of gestures on touch-enabled devices like Microsoft Surface Pro.^[62] CC 2015 also marks the 25th anniversary of Photoshop.^[63]

CC 2017 (version 18)

Photoshop CC 2017 was released on November 2, 2016. It introduced a new template selector when creating new documents, the ability to search for tools, panels and help articles for Photoshop, support for SVG OpenType fonts and other small improvements. In December 2016, a minor update was released to include support for the MacBook Pro Touch Bar.

CC 2018 (version 19)

Photoshop CC 2018 (version 19) was released on October 18, 2017. It featured an overhaul to the brush organization system, allowing for more properties (such as color and opacity) to be saved per-brush and for brushes to be categorized in folders and sub-folders. It also added brush stroke smoothing, and over 1000 brushes created by Kyle T. Webster (following Adobe’s acquisition of his website, KyleBrush.com^[64]). A Curvature Pen tool, similar to the one in Illustrator, was added, allowing for faster creation of Bézier paths. Other additions were Lightroom Photo access, Variable font support, select subject, copy-paste layers, enhanced tooltips, 360 panorama and HEIF support, PNG compression, increased maximum zoom level, symmetry mode, algorithm improvements to Face-aware and selection tools, color and luminance range masking, improved image resizing, and performance improvements to file opening, filters, and brush strokes.^[65]

CC 2019 (version 20)

Photoshop CC 2019 was released on October 15, 2018. Beginning with Photoshop CC 2019 (version 20.0), the 32-bit version of Windows is no longer supported. This version Introduced a new tool called Frame Tool to create placeholder frames for images. It also added multiple undo mode, auto-commitment, and prevented accidental panel moves with lock work-space. Live blend mode previews are added, allowing for faster scrolling over different blend mode options in the layers panel. Other additions were Color Wheel, Transform proportionally without Shift key, Distribute spacing like in Illustrator, ability to see longer layer names, match font with Japanese fonts, flip document view, scale UI to font, reference point hidden by default, new compositing engine, which provides a more modern compositing architecture is added which is easier to optimize on all platforms.

2020 (version 21)

Photoshop 2020 was released on November 4, 2019. Version 21 has many new and enhanced features like the new object selection tool for better automate complex selections, new properties panel, enhanced transform warp, new keyboard shortcuts for paint & brush and background image removal option. It added several improvements to the new content-aware fill and to the new document tab. Also added were animated GIF support, improved lens blur performance and one-click zoom to a layer’s contents. It introduced new swatches, gradients, patterns, shapes and stylistic sets for OpenType fonts. With this version users now can easily convert smart objects to layers and also can adjust 32-bit layers for brightness/contrast and curves. Presets are now more intuitive to use and easier to organize.

With the February 2020 update (version 21.1) Photoshop now can iteratively fill multiple areas of an image without having to leave content-aware fill workspace. This version improved GPU based lens blur quality and provided performance improvements, such as accelerating workflows with smoother panning, zooming and navigation of documents.

Version 21 was the first version where the iPad version was released. With Photoshop on the iPad, combined with the new Cloud PSD file format, a user can save cloud documents and work across Windows, Mac and iPad.^[8] Photoshop on the iPad does not have all the features of the desktop Photoshop.^[8] Adobe promises to update Photoshop on the iPad at «a much more aggressive pace than it has with its current Creative Cloud apps for the desktop».^[8] Adobe has provided a timeline for enhancing Photoshop on the iPad to have more of the features of desktop Photoshop.^[66]

Version 21.2 of the desktop version was released in June 2020. It introduced faster portrait selection, Adobe Camera Raw improvements, auto-activated Adobe Fonts, rotatable patterns, and improved Match Font.^[67]

2021 (version 22)

Version 22.0.0 was released in October 2020.

Version 22.0.1 was released in November 2020.

Version 22.1.0 was released in December 2020.

Version 22.1.1 was released in January 2021.

Version 22.2 was released in February 2021.

Version 22.3 was released in March 2021. This is the first macOS release to run natively on Apple silicon.^[68]

Version 22.3.1 was released in April 2021.

Version 22.4 was released in May 2021.

Version 22.4.1 was released in May 2021.

Version 22.4.2 was released in June 2021.

Version 22.4.3 was released in July 2021.

Version 22.5 was released in August 2021.

Version 22.5.1 was released in September 2021.

2022 (version 23)

Version 23.0 was released in October 2021.

Content Credentials (Beta) was introduced. When enabled, the editing information is captured in a tamper-evident form and resides with the file through successive copy generations. It aligns with the C2PA standard on digital provenance across the internet.^[69]

Version 23.0.1 was released in November 2021.

Version 23.0.2 was released in November 2021.

Version 23.1 was released in December 2021.

Version 23.1.1 was released in January 2022.

Version 23.2 was released in February 2022.

Version 23.3 was released in April 2022.

Version 23.4 was released in June 2022.

Version 23.5 was released in August 2022.

2022 (version 24)

Version 24.0 was released in October 2022.

Version 24.1 was releaded in December 2022.

Adobe Photoshop family

The Adobe Photoshop family is a group of applications and services made by Adobe Inc. for the use of professional image editing. Several features of the Adobe Photoshop family are pixel manipulating, image organizing, photo retouching, and more.

Current applications

• Bridge is an image organizer and digital asset management app. It features limited integration with other Adobe apps but has no editing capabilities of its own.
• DNG Converter is a tool used to convert DNG files into other file formats.
• Elements Organizer is the digital asset management app for Photoshop Elements and Premiere Elements.^[70] It is able to organize all your photos and video projects all in one place.
• Fresco is a mobile drawing and painting app for iOS, developed and marketed by Adobe through Creative Cloud. It presently requires an iPad tablet with Apple Pencil support.
• Lightroom is a creative image organization and image manipulation software developed by Adobe Inc. as part of the Creative Cloud subscription family.
• Lightroom Classic is the offline desktop version of the Photoshop Lightroom photo editing and viewing applications offered by subscription through Creative Cloud.
• Photoshop Camera is an image tool that easily captures and shares photos with your camera.
• Photoshop Elements is a graphics editor for photographers, image editors and hobbyists. It contains most of the features of the professional version but with fewer and simpler options. The program allows users to create, edit, organize and share images. Originally introduced alongside Adobe Photoshop version 6, Photoshop Elements targets photography enthusiasts and thus lacks many features that make it useful in a proper print production environment.^[71]
• Photoshop Express is an image editing and collage making mobile application from Adobe Inc. The app is available on iOS, Android and Windows phones and tablets. It can also be installed on Windows desktop via the Microsoft Store. Photoshop Express Editor has various features which can be used to enhance photos. In November 2016 Collage creation was introduced to Adobe Photoshop Express on iOS.^[72] They allow editing pictures in the smartphone or tablet rather than online. It can be used to showcase your latest art, ideas, or products.^[73] In the early days of the beta test, the product’s terms of use raised controversy, in that it claimed to retain an irrevocable license to use certain works submitted by end users in perpetuity.^[74][75] At that time, Adobe held users of Photoshop Express to Adobe.com’s general Terms of Use, which had not been drafted in contemplation of the sort of user-created content utilized in Photoshop Express. Following user concerns and negative press, Adobe issued new, more specialized Terms of Use for the Photoshop Express product that superseded sections of the General Terms, and clarified many of these issues. Changes included making the license expressly revocable and indicating that Adobe’s rights to use the content are solely for the operation of Photoshop Express itself.^[76]
• Photoshop Fix is a photo retouching app for mobile devices marketed through Creative Cloud. The retouched images can be exported to the desktop version of Photoshop for further work.
• Photoshop Mix is a mobile application designed as a replacement for Photoshop Touch specifically for tablets and touchscreen devices.^[77] It includes many of the features of the personal computer version, including layers, selection tools, adjustments, and filters. Edited files could be synced with Creative Cloud.
• Photoshop Sketch is a drawing and painting app for mobile devices marketed through Creative Cloud. Sketches made can be exported to Photoshop. They can also be uploaded directly to the Bēhance social media platform.

Discontinued applications

• ActiveShare is a discontinued photo-sharing platform distributed by Adobe Systems. The Photoshop Album application replaced ActiveShare in 2003.^[78]
• Fireworks is a discontinued raster graphics editor for web designers. It could create interactive contents (e.g. buttons that change shape when the mouse cursor is hovered on) and animations.
• ImageReady is a discontinued raster graphics editor for web designers. It was discontinued on CS2 in favor of Fireworks.
• Photoshop Album is a piece of application software designed to import, organize and edit digital photos, and allows quick and easy searching and sharing of entire photo collections. It was initially released on February 18, 2003. The last version was Photoshop Album 3.2.0. It was discontinued in favor of Photoshop Elements. It has been compared to Apple Inc.’s iPhoto and Google’s Picasa.^[79]
• Photoshop Limited Edition (LE) was a graphics editor for novice photographers and hobbyists. It contains most of the features of the professional version but with fewer and simpler options. It was instead replaced by Photoshop Elements in September 2000.
• Preview CC is an app for previewing mobile designs.

See also

• Creative Cloud controversy
• Comparison of raster graphics editors
• Image editing

References

Further reading

• Lev Manovich (2011). «Inside Photoshop». Computational Culture (1). ISSN 2047-2390. (asks: «How does media authoring software shape the media being created, making some design choices seem natural and easy to execute, while hiding other design possibilities?»)

External links

• Official website
• Adobe Photoshop at Curlie

Adobe Photoshop

Скриншот Adobe Photoshop CS6
Тип	Растровый графический редактор
Разработчик	Adobe Systems
Написана на	C++
Операционная система	OS X, Windows
Языки интерфейса	27 языков
Последняя версия	CS6 13.0 и CS6 Extended 13.0 (7 мая 2012[1])
Лицензия	Проприетарная
Сайт	adobe.com/products/photoshop/

Adobe Photoshop ([əˈdəʊbɪ ˈfəʊtəʃɒp], Эдо́уби Фотошо́п) — многофункциональный графический редактор, разработанный и распространяемый фирмой Adobe Systems. В основном работает с растровыми изображениями, однако имеет некоторые векторные инструменты. Продукт является лидером рынка в области коммерческих средств редактирования растровых изображений, и наиболее известным продуктом фирмы Adobe. Часто эту программу называют просто Photoshop. В настоящее время Photoshop доступен на платформах Mac и Windows. Ранние версии редактора были портированы под SGI IRIX, но официальная поддержка была прекращена, начиная с третьей версии продукта. Для версий 8.0 и CS6 возможен запуск под Linux с помощью альтернативы Windows API — Wine.^[2]

Особенности

Несмотря на то, что изначально программа была разработана как редактор изображений для полиграфии, в данное время она широко используется и в веб-дизайне. В более ранней версии была включена специальная программа для этих целей — Adobe ImageReady, которая была исключена из версии CS3 за счёт интеграции её функций в сам Photoshop, а также включения в линейку программных продуктов Adobe Fireworks, перешедшего в собственность Adobe после приобретения компании Macromedia.

Photoshop тесно связан с другими программами для обработки медиафайлов, анимации и другого творчества. Совместно с такими программами, как Adobe ImageReady (программа упразднена в версии CS3), Adobe Illustrator, Adobe Premiere, Adobe After Effects и Adobe Encore DVD, он может использоваться для создания профессиональных DVD, обеспечивает средства нелинейного монтажа и создания таких спецэффектов, как фоны, текстуры и т. д. для телевидения, кинематографа и всемирной паутины. Photoshop также прижился в кругах разработчиков компьютерных игр.

Основной формат Photoshop, PSD, может быть экспортирован и импортирован всеми программными продуктами, перечисленными выше. Photoshop CS поддерживает создание меню для DVD. Совместно с Adobe Encore DVD, Photoshop позволяет создавать меню или кнопки DVD. Photoshop CS3 в версии Extended поддерживает также работу с трёхмерными слоями.

Из-за высокой популярности Photoshop поддержка специфического для неё формата PSD была реализована во многих графических программах, таких как Macromedia Fireworks, Corel PHOTO-PAINT, WinImages, GIMP, Corel Paint Shop Pro и других.

Photoshop поддерживает следующие цветовые модели или способы описания цветов изображения (в нотации самой программы — режим изображения):

• RGB
• LAB
• CMYK
• В градациях серого
• Черно-белые
• Duotone
• С 256-цветовой палитрой (Indexed)
• Многоканальные (Multichannel)

Поддерживается обработка изображений, с глубиной цвета 8 бит (256 градаций на один канал), 16 бит (используется 15 битов плюс один уровень, т.е. 32769 уровней) и 32 бит (используются числа одинарной точности с плавающей запятой). Возможно сохранение в файле дополнительных элементов, как то: направляющих (Guide), каналов (например, канала прозрачности — Alpha channel), путей обтравки (Clipping path), слоёв, содержащих векторные и текстовые объекты. Файл может включать цветовые профили (ICC), функции преобразования цвета (transfer functions). Допускаются неквадратные пиксели (Pixel Aspect Ratio).

Версии

Photoshop 10.0, датируемый апрелем 2007 года, имеет название Photoshop CS3. Аббревиатура CS3 означает, что продукт интегрирован в третью версию пакета программ Adobe Creative Suite. В предыдущих продуктах — Photoshop CS и CS2, c целью отличия от прежних версий и укрепления принадлежности к новой линейке продуктов, был изменён символ программы: вместо изображения глаза, которое присутствовало в версиях с 3-й по 7-ю, в стилевом решении использовалось изображение перьев. В Photoshop CS3 в иконке приложения и экране-заставке используются буквы из названия продукта «Ps» на синем градиентном фоне. Список нововведений включает в себя новый интерфейс, увеличенную скорость работы, новый Adobe Bridge, новые фильтры и инструменты, а также приложение Device Central, позволяющее осуществлять предварительный просмотр работы в шаблонах популярных устройств, например мобильных телефонов.

Последние версии включают в себя Adobe Camera RAW — плагин, разработанный Томасом Ноллом (Thomas Knoll), который позволяет читать ряд RAW-форматов различных цифровых камер и импортировать их напрямую в Photoshop.

Хотя Photoshop практически монополизирует профессиональный рынок, высокая цена привела к появлению конкурирующих программных продуктов, занимающих среднюю и низшую ценовую нишу рынка, некоторые из которых, к примеру GIMP, совершенно бесплатны. Для завоевания этой части рынка и для противостояния необычайно высоким показателям нелегального использования своих профессиональных продуктов, Adobe представил программы среднего и низшего класса Photoshop Elements и Photoshop Album, первая из которых является платной урезанной версией Photoshop, а вторая распространяется бесплатно и служит для организации и элементарной обработки фотографий. Продукт нацелен на любительский рынок, так как ограниченная функциональность делает Photoshop Elements неподходящим для подготовки изображений к печати. Программа Adobe Photoshop Lightroom служит исключительно для «проявки» цифровых негативов, простой ретуши фотоснимков и организации их каталога.

Расширенные функции программы

Расширенная версия программы Adobe Photoshop Extended предназначена для более профессионального использования, а именно — при создании фильмов, видео, мультимедийных проектов, трехмерного графического дизайна и веб-дизайна, для работы в областях производства, медицины, архитектуры, при проведении научных исследований.

В программе Adobe Photoshop Extended современных версий (CS4, CS5) можно открывать и работать с 3D-файлами, создаваемыми такими программами, как Adobe Acrobat 3D, 3ds Max, Maya и Google Earth. Photoshop поддерживает следующие форматы файлов 3D: U3D, 3DS, OBJ, KMZ и DAE.

Возможно использовать трехмерные файлы для внедрения в двумерное фото. Доступны некоторые операции для обработки 3D-модели как работа с каркасами, выбор материалов из текстурных карт, настройка света. Также можно создавать надписи на 3D-объекте, вращать модели, изменять их размер и положение в пространстве. Программа включает в себя также команды по преобразованию плоских фотографий в трехмерные объекты определенной формы, такие как, например, банка, пирамида, цилиндр, сфера, конус и др.

Для имитации движения в Photoshop можно создавать кадры мультипликации, используя слои изображения. Можно создавать видеоизображения, основанные на одной из многих заданных пиксельных пропорций. После редактирования можно сохранить свою работу в виде файла GIF-анимации или PSD, который впоследствии можно проиграть во многих видеопрограммах, таких как Adobe Premiere Pro или Adobe After Effects. Доступно открытие или импортирование видеофайлов и последовательности изображений для редактирования и ретуширования, создание видеоряда мультипликации и экспорт работ в файл формата QuickTime, GIF-анимацию или последовательность изображений. Видеокадры можно отдельно редактировать, трансформировать, клонировать, применять к ним маски, фильтры, разные способы наложения пикселов, на них можно рисовать, используя различные инструменты.

Начиная с версии CS в Photoshop доступна работа со скриптами.

Photoshop поддерживает файлы DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) — цифровые изображения и коммуникации в медицине. Для открытого в Photoshop DICOM-файла, можно использовать любой инструмент Photoshop для коррекции и ретуширования изображений.

И, наконец, с помощью программы Photoshop Extended можно рассматривать MATLAB-изображения, обрабатывать их в программе Photoshop, комбинировать команды MATLAB с технологиями обработки изображений Photoshop. Как только устанавливается соединение с программой Photoshop из программы MATLAB и осуществляется ввод команд в командную строку MATLAB, эти управляющие воздействия незамедлительно выполняются в Photoshop. Файлы, подготовленные в программе MATLAB, имеют расширение m, fig, rpt, mat, mdl. Коммуникация между Photoshop и MATLAB использует интерфейс Photoshop JavaScript и библиотечный интерфейс MATLAB.

«Пасхальные яйца»

Общие

Изображение мага 

Зажав  Alt  и, удерживая левую кнопку мыши, щёлкнуть чёрный треугольник в верхнем правом углу палитры Layers и выбрать в меню Panel Options. Этот маг (Мерлин) — долгоживущее «пасхальное яйцо», присутствующее в Photoshop с версии 3.0.

Альтернативная заставка 

Зажав  Ctrl , выбрать Help (Справка) → About Photoshop (О Photoshop). Для Mac OS:  ⌘ Cmd , Photoshop → About Photoshop. Картинка меняется от версии к версии. Например, в CS2 на заставке изображена обезьяна в космосе, в CS3 — красная таблетка, в CS4 — Стоунхендж, в котором можно прочитать название версии (CS4). А в CS5 — белый кролик и надпись White Rabbit. В бета-версиях альтернативная заставка показывается по умолчанию, а при нажатии  Ctrl  — стандартная (релизная). В CS6 это нарисованный текстом кот с заголовком Superstition.

Хотя альтернативная заставка сама по себе является пасхальным яйцом, в неё часто включают другие пасхальные яйца. Одно из них…

Электрический кот 

Версия 4.0 имела кодовое название Big Electric Cat. Электрический кот стал талисманом Photoshop и встречается на альтернативных заставках всех версий вплоть до CS5 (кроме CS4). В некоторых версиях (7.0 / Liquid Sky, CS3 / Red Pill) он скрыт; чтобы его увидеть, следует сделать снимок экрана и на снимке поднять яркость изображения.

Специфичные для CS3

Фото Брюса Фрейзера 

Сделать снимок экрана с альтернативной заставкой, затем убавить в нём brightness до упора (−150). Это «пасхальное яйцо» сделано в память об умершем незадолго до выхода CS3 Брюсе Фрейзере, авторе книг по Photoshop.

Красные следы от лапы кота 

Сделать снимок экрана с альтернативной заставкой, затем открыть Уровни ( Ctrl  +  L ) и в средней ячейке поменять 1,00 на 9. В самом низу также появляется надпись: «Alternative beta splash screen by Jeffrey Tranberry for my grandmother Maxine Tranberry and my kitties Duane and Debbie».

См. также

• Фотожаба
• EXIF

Примечания

Литература

• Дэн Маргулис. Photoshop для профессионалов. Классическое руководство по цветокоррекции (+ CD-ROM) = Professional Photoshop: The Classic Guide to Color Correction. — Интерсофтмарк, 2003. — 464 с. — ISBN 5-902-56904-4
• Лайза Дейли, Брэд Дейли. Adobe Photoshop CS5. Библия пользователя = Photoshop CS5 Bible. — М.: Диалектика, 2011. — 848 с. — ISBN 978-5-845-91716-4
• Мэтт Клосковски. Слои в Photoshop: полное руководство по применению самого эффективного средства = Layers: The Complete Guide to Photoshop’s Most Powerful Feature. — 2-е изд. — М.: Вильямс, 2011. — 304 с. — ISBN 978-5-845-91729-4
• Скотт Келби. Adobe Photoshop CS5: справочник по цифровой фотографии = The Adobe Photoshop CS5 Book for Digital Photographers. — М.: Вильямс, 2011. — 400 с. — ISBN 978-5-845-91727-0
• Брюс Фрейзер. Реальный мир Camera Raw и Adobe Photoshop CS2 = World Camera Raw with Adobe Photoshop CS2. — Вильямс, 2007. — 304 с. — ISBN 5-845-90978-3
• Питер Бойер. Adobe Photoshop CS5 для чайников = Photoshop CS5 For Dummies. — М.: Диалектика, 2010. — С. 432. — ISBN 978-5-845-91694-5
• Яковлева Е. С. 3D-графика и видео в Photoshop CS4 Extended. — СПб.: БХВ-Петербург, 2010. — 272 с. — ISBN 978-5-977-50486-7
• Александр Ефремов. Цифровая фотография и Photoshop. Уроки мастерства. — СПб.: Питер, 2009. — 192 с. — ISBN 978-5-388-00387-4

Ссылки

• Страница семейства продуктов Adobe Photoshop (рус.) на официальном сайте Adobe
• Обработка видео в Adobe Photoshop iXBT.com, обзорная статья
• Уроки и справочники по Adobe Photoshop

Программы Adobe Creative Suite
Актуальные	Acrobat • After Effects • Audition • Contribute • Dreamweaver • Encore • Flash • Fireworks • Illustrator • InCopy • InDesign • OnLocation • Photoshop • Prelude • Premiere Pro • SpeedGrade • Flash Builder
Общие	Bridge • Device Central • Dynamic Link • Version Cue
Устаревшие	GoLive • ImageReady • OnLocation • Stock Photos • Ultra • Soundbooth • Flash Catalyst

Растровые графические редакторы (сравнение)
Проприетарные	ACDSee Photo Editor • Adobe (ImageReady • Photoshop) • Corel (AfterShot Pro • PaintShop Pro • PHOTO-PAINT • Painter) • Fotografix • Inpaint • Microsoft (Paint • Photo Editor) • Paint.NET • PhotoFiltre • PicPick • Pixia • SAI
Свободные	GIMP • Krita • mtPaint • MyPaint • Pinta