Как звали девочку с голубыми волосами из сказки о буратино

The Fairy with Turquoise Hair
The Adventures of Pinocchio character
La Fata dai Capelli Turchini, as illustrated by C.Chiostri
First appearance	The Adventures of Pinocchio
Created by	Carlo Collodi
In-universe information
Species	Fairy
Gender	Female
Family	Pinocchio
Nationality	Italian

The Fairy with Turquoise Hair (Italian: La Fata dai Capelli Turchini; often simply referred to as The Blue Fairy, La Fata Turchina) is a fictional character in the 1883 Italian book The Adventures of Pinocchio by Carlo Collodi,^[1] repeatedly appearing at critical moments in Pinocchio’s wanderings to admonish the little wooden puppet to avoid bad or risky behavior.

Although the naïvely willful marionette initially resists her good advice, he later comes to follow her instruction. She in turn protects him, and later enables his assumption of human form, contrary to the prior wooden form.

In the novel[edit]

The Fairy with Turquoise Hair makes her first appearance in chapter XV, where she is portrayed as a young girl living in a house in the middle of a forest. Pinocchio, who is being chased by The Fox and the Cat (Il Gatto e la Volpe), pleads with the Fairy to allow him entrance. The Fairy cryptically responds that all inhabitants of the house, including herself, are dead, and that she is waiting for her coffin to arrive. The pair catches and hangs Pinocchio from a tree. In the following chapter, it is established that the girl is a fairy who has lived in the forest for more than a thousand years. She takes pity on Pinocchio, and sends a falcon to take him down from the tree and for her poodle servant Medoro to prep her stagecoach.

After a visit from three doctors consisting of an Owl, a Crow, and the Talking Cricket (Il Grillo Parlante), the Fairy attempts to give Pinocchio medicine in order to heal his injuries. Pinocchio refuses to take the medicine on account of its sour taste, prompting the Fairy to summon a group of coffin-bearing undertaker rabbits. Frightened by this display, Pinocchio drinks the medicine, and later tells the Fairy of his previous adventures. When he includes untruths, his nose begins to lengthen, which the Fairy explains is due to his lies. She summons a group of woodpeckers to shorten the disproportionate nose, and after forgiving Pinocchio, informs him that he is free to consider her an elder sister, and that his father Mister Geppetto is on his way to fetch him. In his impatience, Pinocchio leaves the house in an way, but instead of finding it he went to the field of miracles with the fox and the cat.

After spending some time in the Catchfools prison, Pinocchio returns to the Fairy’s house only to find a tombstone declaring that the Fairy died believing that Pinocchio had abandoned her. In the following chapter, Pinocchio is transported to the Island of Busy Bees (Isola delle Api Industriose), where he meets the Fairy, now older, disguised as an ordinary woman. Unaware of the deception, Pinocchio offers to carry buckets of water to her house in exchange for a meal. After eating, Pinocchio recognizes the Fairy’s turquoise hair.

The Fairy agrees to adopt him as her son, and promises to turn him into a real boy, provided he earns it through hard study and obedience for one year. Later, she reveals to Pinocchio that his days of puppethood are almost over, and that she will organize a celebration in his honour; but Pinocchio is convinced by his friend, Candlewick (Lucignolo) to go for Land of Toys (Paese dei Balocchi) a place who the boys don’t have anything besides play. In the midnight they are taken on a wagon by The Coachman.

Five months later, Pinocchio is transformed into a donkey and be sold to a circus ringleader to jump, dance and bow. In the middle of the show he sees the fairy in the audience, she wore a long gold chain, from which hung a large medallion with an image of a puppet. Pinocchio became lame and was sold to a musician to make a drum and later thrown into the sea by his handler.

Where upon the Fairy sends a shoal of fish to consume his donkey’s appearance until he is returned to his puppet form. Taking the form of a blue-furred mountain goat, the Fairy warns Pinocchio of the impending arrival of The Terrible Dogfish, but is unsuccessful. It is revealed in chapter XXXVI that she gives a house to the Talking Cricket (who offers to accommodate both Pinocchio and the sickly Geppetto) while she was in the form of the blue-furred mountain goat. The Fairy becomes ill too, so Pinocchio gives some of the money he’s earned to her snail to give to her.

She finally appears to Pinocchio in a dream, gives the boy a kiss, and commends him for having taken care of his ailing father and herself. Upon awakening, Pinocchio has become human, and all his copper coins have turned to gold, accompanied by a note from the Fairy professing her responsibility.

In adaptations[edit]

Disney[edit]

In Walt Disney’s Pinocchio, the Fairy (voiced by Evelyn Venable) is referred to as The Blue Fairy, and is one of the four leading protagonists in the film.^{[citation needed]} It is she who brings Pinocchio to life and appoints Jiminy Cricket as Pinocchio’s conscience. She is depicted with blonde hair and blue eyes, rather than the turquoise hair and black eyes of her book counterpart. In this case, the «blue» in her name refers to her eyes and her gown.^[2]

The Blue Fairy also makes an appearance (played by Julia Louis-Dreyfus) in the TV musical Geppetto. Voiced by Rosalyn Landor, the fairy appears as a guest at the titular night club in Disney’s House of Mouse. In Teacher’s Pet, voiced again by Landor, she helps Spot Helperman realize his dreams to pose as a boy.

She appears in Kingdom Hearts 3D: Dream Drop Distance voiced by Miyuki Ichijo in the Japanese version and reprised by Landor in the English dub. Just like the film, the Blue Fairy explains to Pinocchio about the side effects of his lies to Jiminy Cricket. She later tells Sora (voiced by Miyu Irino and Haley Joel Osment) that Geppetto was swallowed by Monstro and that Pinocchio and Jiminy went to go rescue him.

The Blue Fairy (voiced by Kaitlyn Robrock) also makes a cameo in the «Disappearing Act» episode of The Wonderful World of Mickey Mouse.

The Blue Fairy is portrayed by Cynthia Erivo in the 2022 live-action/CGI remake of the animated film, making her the first black actress to play the role.^[3] Unlike the original film, the Blue Fairy appears only once where she brings him to life.

Other appearances[edit]

In Giuliano Cenci’s 1972 animated film The Adventures of Pinocchio, the Fairy (voiced by Vittoria Febbi with Martha Scott doing her English-voice dub) is portrayed much more accurately to the book than she is in the Disney adaptation. She has no role in creating Pinocchio, though she does offer him guidance and support. Though she is accurately portrayed as sporting blue hair, she does not physically age as she does in the book.

In 1972’s Italian miniseries The Adventures of Pinocchio, she is played by Gina Lollobrigida. Her role is similar to the book, with the difference that she is really the ghost of Geppetto’s deceased wife.

The Fairy appears in the 1972 TV series Saban’s The Adventures of Pinocchio is referred to as Oak Fairy and is resident of oak tree from which Pinocchio was created. She acts as Pinocchio’s guidance and offers advice to help Pinocchio when he is in a difficult situation. In last episode Oak Fairy, proud of dead Pinocchio’s courage and kindness, brings him back to life as a real boy. After this, the fairy leaves him, saying that from now on he must take care of himself. Pinocchio calls her his godmother.

In 1976’s West German-Austrian-Japanese animated series Pinocchio, the role of Fairy is the same like in the book although she does not physically age and stays as a young woman. She acts as a motherly figure and teacher to Pinocchio and gets to rescue him from harm several times. After Pinocchio finds her tombstone instead of her house she appears later in different forms including a giant pigeon. Eventually, as a reward to Pinocchio’s good deeds, the fairy decides to transform him into a real boy.

In the 1987 film Pinocchio and the Emperor of the Night, the Good Fairy (voiced by Rickie Lee Jones) appears as Pinocchio’s guide. In the beginning she arrives at his birthday party and brings to life his glowworm, which he names Gee Willikers. Later, she brings him back to life after he has been turned back into a puppet by Puppetino and tells him to make the right choices. After the defeat of the Emperor, she restores Pinocchio, brings back Geppetto’s jewel box which had been stolen earlier, and brings Twinkle, a girl who had been turned into a puppet, back to life.

In the 1992 direct-to-video adaptation by GoodTimes Entertainment, the Blue Fairy (voiced by Jeannie Elias) is portrayed more like her Disney counterpart with blonde hair instead of turquoise. She is soft-spoken and sweet. The Blue Fairy is also a motherly figure to Pinocchio and guides him. She also has a broken heart when she realizes that Pinocchio is swallowed by a whale, but Pinocchio becomes good and repays her kindness by doing the good things.

In the 1996 film The Adventures of Pinocchio, the character of Leona (played by Geneviève Bujold) serves as the Blue Fairy’s stand-in in the film. She is a beloved and long-time friend of Geppetto with whom he is secretly in love — a love which is actually mutual, despite her having previously married his late brother (similar to the 1972’s Italian miniseries of a similar name).

In Happily Ever After: Fairy Tales for Every Child, the Fairy is actually called the «Blues Fairy» (voiced by Della Reese) and is like her Disney counterpart who tells Pinocchio, aka Pinoak, what is right and what is wrong.

In Steven Spielberg’s 2001 movie A.I.: Artificial Intelligence (2001), the Blue Fairy (voiced by Meryl Streep) appears as a plot MacGuffin. The main character David (played by Haley Joel Osment, who also voices Sora in the Kingdom Hearts example above), a robotic child believes that the Blue Fairy has the power to turn him into a real boy. It also appears in the form of the Coney Island statue of the Blue Fairy which David mistakes for a real blue fairy.

In Buratino, the Russian adaptation of Pinocchio, there is a female character with blue hair named Malvina.

In Roberto Benigni’s Pinocchio, the Blue Fairy is portrayed by Italian actress Nicoletta Braschi with her English-dubbed voice provided by Glenn Close.

Angelica the Blue Fairy is the antagonist in the Japanese/Australian stage show Once Upon a Midnight.

The Blue Fairy was a 1950s’ children’s program on WGN-TV in Chicago, hosted by Brigid Bazlen as the fairy.^[4]

In a 1997 article for the Miami New Times, reporter Lynda Edwards describes hearing modern urban legends from Miami’s homeless children, who cope with their situation by invoking Latino and Afro-Cuban legends including the image of «the pale blue lady» or blue fairy. Derived from the Catholic legend of the Blessed Mother leading a spiritual army of angels, the Blue Lady protects the children from poverty-related terrors, against the minions of a vengeful La Llorona.^[5]

In the 2012 Italian animated film Pinocchio, the Fairy seems as young as Pinocchio and shows a sense of humour. As on many versions, she forgives him and encourages him to do good. She restores him from his donkey form to puppet form, and also turns him to a real boy for risking his life for Gepetto.

In the Vertigo comic series Fables, she appears as a blue-haired fairy who makes Pinocchio into a (never-aging) boy.

Actress Keegan Connor Tracy plays the Blue Fairy in ABC’s Once Upon a Time. In the series, the residents of Storybrooke, Maine are former fairytale characters with their memories wiped by a curse cast by the Evil Queen from the tale of Snow White. The good fairies from the fairytale world are transformed into the nuns of Storybrooke’s local convent, with the Blue Fairy as Mother Superior. Her history with Pinocchio is still intact, but is also shown to have histories with Tinker Bell, Tiger Lily, and Fiona the Black Fairy.

In the live-action Italian film Pinocchio (2019), co-written, directed and co-produced by Matteo Garrone, the Fairy is portrayed by Alida Baldari Calabria [it] as a child and Marine Vacth (dubbed by Domitilla D’Amico) as an adult. In the English version, Baldari Calabria dubbed herself, while Vacth was dubbed again by D’Amico.

In the 2022 stop-motion Netflix film Pinocchio produced, written and directed by Guillermo del Toro, The Fairy with Turquoise Hair is rewritten as the character of Wood Sprite, voiced by Tilda Swinton.

References[edit]

The Fairy with Turquoise Hair
The Adventures of Pinocchio character
La Fata dai Capelli Turchini, as illustrated by C.Chiostri
First appearance	The Adventures of Pinocchio
Created by	Carlo Collodi
In-universe information
Species	Fairy
Gender	Female
Family	Pinocchio
Nationality	Italian

The Fairy with Turquoise Hair (Italian: La Fata dai Capelli Turchini; often simply referred to as The Blue Fairy, La Fata Turchina) is a fictional character in the 1883 Italian book The Adventures of Pinocchio by Carlo Collodi,^[1] repeatedly appearing at critical moments in Pinocchio’s wanderings to admonish the little wooden puppet to avoid bad or risky behavior.

Although the naïvely willful marionette initially resists her good advice, he later comes to follow her instruction. She in turn protects him, and later enables his assumption of human form, contrary to the prior wooden form.

In the novel[edit]

The Fairy with Turquoise Hair makes her first appearance in chapter XV, where she is portrayed as a young girl living in a house in the middle of a forest. Pinocchio, who is being chased by The Fox and the Cat (Il Gatto e la Volpe), pleads with the Fairy to allow him entrance. The Fairy cryptically responds that all inhabitants of the house, including herself, are dead, and that she is waiting for her coffin to arrive. The pair catches and hangs Pinocchio from a tree. In the following chapter, it is established that the girl is a fairy who has lived in the forest for more than a thousand years. She takes pity on Pinocchio, and sends a falcon to take him down from the tree and for her poodle servant Medoro to prep her stagecoach.

After a visit from three doctors consisting of an Owl, a Crow, and the Talking Cricket (Il Grillo Parlante), the Fairy attempts to give Pinocchio medicine in order to heal his injuries. Pinocchio refuses to take the medicine on account of its sour taste, prompting the Fairy to summon a group of coffin-bearing undertaker rabbits. Frightened by this display, Pinocchio drinks the medicine, and later tells the Fairy of his previous adventures. When he includes untruths, his nose begins to lengthen, which the Fairy explains is due to his lies. She summons a group of woodpeckers to shorten the disproportionate nose, and after forgiving Pinocchio, informs him that he is free to consider her an elder sister, and that his father Mister Geppetto is on his way to fetch him. In his impatience, Pinocchio leaves the house in an way, but instead of finding it he went to the field of miracles with the fox and the cat.

After spending some time in the Catchfools prison, Pinocchio returns to the Fairy’s house only to find a tombstone declaring that the Fairy died believing that Pinocchio had abandoned her. In the following chapter, Pinocchio is transported to the Island of Busy Bees (Isola delle Api Industriose), where he meets the Fairy, now older, disguised as an ordinary woman. Unaware of the deception, Pinocchio offers to carry buckets of water to her house in exchange for a meal. After eating, Pinocchio recognizes the Fairy’s turquoise hair.

The Fairy agrees to adopt him as her son, and promises to turn him into a real boy, provided he earns it through hard study and obedience for one year. Later, she reveals to Pinocchio that his days of puppethood are almost over, and that she will organize a celebration in his honour; but Pinocchio is convinced by his friend, Candlewick (Lucignolo) to go for Land of Toys (Paese dei Balocchi) a place who the boys don’t have anything besides play. In the midnight they are taken on a wagon by The Coachman.

Five months later, Pinocchio is transformed into a donkey and be sold to a circus ringleader to jump, dance and bow. In the middle of the show he sees the fairy in the audience, she wore a long gold chain, from which hung a large medallion with an image of a puppet. Pinocchio became lame and was sold to a musician to make a drum and later thrown into the sea by his handler.

Where upon the Fairy sends a shoal of fish to consume his donkey’s appearance until he is returned to his puppet form. Taking the form of a blue-furred mountain goat, the Fairy warns Pinocchio of the impending arrival of The Terrible Dogfish, but is unsuccessful. It is revealed in chapter XXXVI that she gives a house to the Talking Cricket (who offers to accommodate both Pinocchio and the sickly Geppetto) while she was in the form of the blue-furred mountain goat. The Fairy becomes ill too, so Pinocchio gives some of the money he’s earned to her snail to give to her.

She finally appears to Pinocchio in a dream, gives the boy a kiss, and commends him for having taken care of his ailing father and herself. Upon awakening, Pinocchio has become human, and all his copper coins have turned to gold, accompanied by a note from the Fairy professing her responsibility.

In adaptations[edit]

Disney[edit]

In Walt Disney’s Pinocchio, the Fairy (voiced by Evelyn Venable) is referred to as The Blue Fairy, and is one of the four leading protagonists in the film.^{[citation needed]} It is she who brings Pinocchio to life and appoints Jiminy Cricket as Pinocchio’s conscience. She is depicted with blonde hair and blue eyes, rather than the turquoise hair and black eyes of her book counterpart. In this case, the «blue» in her name refers to her eyes and her gown.^[2]

The Blue Fairy also makes an appearance (played by Julia Louis-Dreyfus) in the TV musical Geppetto. Voiced by Rosalyn Landor, the fairy appears as a guest at the titular night club in Disney’s House of Mouse. In Teacher’s Pet, voiced again by Landor, she helps Spot Helperman realize his dreams to pose as a boy.

She appears in Kingdom Hearts 3D: Dream Drop Distance voiced by Miyuki Ichijo in the Japanese version and reprised by Landor in the English dub. Just like the film, the Blue Fairy explains to Pinocchio about the side effects of his lies to Jiminy Cricket. She later tells Sora (voiced by Miyu Irino and Haley Joel Osment) that Geppetto was swallowed by Monstro and that Pinocchio and Jiminy went to go rescue him.

The Blue Fairy (voiced by Kaitlyn Robrock) also makes a cameo in the «Disappearing Act» episode of The Wonderful World of Mickey Mouse.

The Blue Fairy is portrayed by Cynthia Erivo in the 2022 live-action/CGI remake of the animated film, making her the first black actress to play the role.^[3] Unlike the original film, the Blue Fairy appears only once where she brings him to life.

Other appearances[edit]

In Giuliano Cenci’s 1972 animated film The Adventures of Pinocchio, the Fairy (voiced by Vittoria Febbi with Martha Scott doing her English-voice dub) is portrayed much more accurately to the book than she is in the Disney adaptation. She has no role in creating Pinocchio, though she does offer him guidance and support. Though she is accurately portrayed as sporting blue hair, she does not physically age as she does in the book.

In 1972’s Italian miniseries The Adventures of Pinocchio, she is played by Gina Lollobrigida. Her role is similar to the book, with the difference that she is really the ghost of Geppetto’s deceased wife.

The Fairy appears in the 1972 TV series Saban’s The Adventures of Pinocchio is referred to as Oak Fairy and is resident of oak tree from which Pinocchio was created. She acts as Pinocchio’s guidance and offers advice to help Pinocchio when he is in a difficult situation. In last episode Oak Fairy, proud of dead Pinocchio’s courage and kindness, brings him back to life as a real boy. After this, the fairy leaves him, saying that from now on he must take care of himself. Pinocchio calls her his godmother.

In 1976’s West German-Austrian-Japanese animated series Pinocchio, the role of Fairy is the same like in the book although she does not physically age and stays as a young woman. She acts as a motherly figure and teacher to Pinocchio and gets to rescue him from harm several times. After Pinocchio finds her tombstone instead of her house she appears later in different forms including a giant pigeon. Eventually, as a reward to Pinocchio’s good deeds, the fairy decides to transform him into a real boy.

In the 1987 film Pinocchio and the Emperor of the Night, the Good Fairy (voiced by Rickie Lee Jones) appears as Pinocchio’s guide. In the beginning she arrives at his birthday party and brings to life his glowworm, which he names Gee Willikers. Later, she brings him back to life after he has been turned back into a puppet by Puppetino and tells him to make the right choices. After the defeat of the Emperor, she restores Pinocchio, brings back Geppetto’s jewel box which had been stolen earlier, and brings Twinkle, a girl who had been turned into a puppet, back to life.

In the 1992 direct-to-video adaptation by GoodTimes Entertainment, the Blue Fairy (voiced by Jeannie Elias) is portrayed more like her Disney counterpart with blonde hair instead of turquoise. She is soft-spoken and sweet. The Blue Fairy is also a motherly figure to Pinocchio and guides him. She also has a broken heart when she realizes that Pinocchio is swallowed by a whale, but Pinocchio becomes good and repays her kindness by doing the good things.

In the 1996 film The Adventures of Pinocchio, the character of Leona (played by Geneviève Bujold) serves as the Blue Fairy’s stand-in in the film. She is a beloved and long-time friend of Geppetto with whom he is secretly in love — a love which is actually mutual, despite her having previously married his late brother (similar to the 1972’s Italian miniseries of a similar name).

In Happily Ever After: Fairy Tales for Every Child, the Fairy is actually called the «Blues Fairy» (voiced by Della Reese) and is like her Disney counterpart who tells Pinocchio, aka Pinoak, what is right and what is wrong.

In Steven Spielberg’s 2001 movie A.I.: Artificial Intelligence (2001), the Blue Fairy (voiced by Meryl Streep) appears as a plot MacGuffin. The main character David (played by Haley Joel Osment, who also voices Sora in the Kingdom Hearts example above), a robotic child believes that the Blue Fairy has the power to turn him into a real boy. It also appears in the form of the Coney Island statue of the Blue Fairy which David mistakes for a real blue fairy.

In Buratino, the Russian adaptation of Pinocchio, there is a female character with blue hair named Malvina.

In Roberto Benigni’s Pinocchio, the Blue Fairy is portrayed by Italian actress Nicoletta Braschi with her English-dubbed voice provided by Glenn Close.

Angelica the Blue Fairy is the antagonist in the Japanese/Australian stage show Once Upon a Midnight.

The Blue Fairy was a 1950s’ children’s program on WGN-TV in Chicago, hosted by Brigid Bazlen as the fairy.^[4]

In a 1997 article for the Miami New Times, reporter Lynda Edwards describes hearing modern urban legends from Miami’s homeless children, who cope with their situation by invoking Latino and Afro-Cuban legends including the image of «the pale blue lady» or blue fairy. Derived from the Catholic legend of the Blessed Mother leading a spiritual army of angels, the Blue Lady protects the children from poverty-related terrors, against the minions of a vengeful La Llorona.^[5]

In the 2012 Italian animated film Pinocchio, the Fairy seems as young as Pinocchio and shows a sense of humour. As on many versions, she forgives him and encourages him to do good. She restores him from his donkey form to puppet form, and also turns him to a real boy for risking his life for Gepetto.

In the Vertigo comic series Fables, she appears as a blue-haired fairy who makes Pinocchio into a (never-aging) boy.

Actress Keegan Connor Tracy plays the Blue Fairy in ABC’s Once Upon a Time. In the series, the residents of Storybrooke, Maine are former fairytale characters with their memories wiped by a curse cast by the Evil Queen from the tale of Snow White. The good fairies from the fairytale world are transformed into the nuns of Storybrooke’s local convent, with the Blue Fairy as Mother Superior. Her history with Pinocchio is still intact, but is also shown to have histories with Tinker Bell, Tiger Lily, and Fiona the Black Fairy.

In the live-action Italian film Pinocchio (2019), co-written, directed and co-produced by Matteo Garrone, the Fairy is portrayed by Alida Baldari Calabria [it] as a child and Marine Vacth (dubbed by Domitilla D’Amico) as an adult. In the English version, Baldari Calabria dubbed herself, while Vacth was dubbed again by D’Amico.

In the 2022 stop-motion Netflix film Pinocchio produced, written and directed by Guillermo del Toro, The Fairy with Turquoise Hair is rewritten as the character of Wood Sprite, voiced by Tilda Swinton.

References[edit]

Недетская тайна «Золотого ключика», или Почему у Мальвины были голубые волосы

Сказка «Золотой ключик, или Приключения Буратино» наверняка знакома каждому. Более того, всем известно, что в основе сюжета этой истории, написанной Алексеем Толстым, лежала повесть Карло Коллоди «Пиноккио, или Похождения деревянной куклы» и писатель этого никогда не скрывал. Какие тут могут быть тайны?
Но оказывается, история деревянного мальчика и его друзей хранит немало секретов, в том числе достаточно жутких.

Источник:

Сказка «Золотой ключик, или Приключения Буратино» наверняка знакома каждому. Более того, всем известно, что в основе сюжета этой истории, написанной Алексеем Толстым, лежала повесть Карло Коллоди «Пиноккио, или Похождения деревянной куклы» и писатель этого никогда не скрывал. Какие тут могут быть тайны? Но оказывается, история деревянного мальчика и его друзей хранит немало секретов, в том числе достаточно жутких.

В предисловии к своей сказке Алексей Толстой написал, что в детстве читал книгу Карло Коллоди и она произвела на него неизгладимое впечатление. Он неоднократно рассказывал своим друзьям историю Пиноккио, так как сама книжка потерялась. Разумеется, с каждым разом повествователь отходил от оригинального сюжета и в итоге родилась новая сказка, которую все знают как «Золотой ключик, или Приключения Буратино».

Оказывается, Толстой кривил душой и все было совсем иначе. Начнем с того, что первое издание «Пиноккио» на русском языке появилось, когда писателю было уже 23 года. Итальянского Толстой не знал ни в детстве, ни в более зрелом возрасте, поэтому читать книгу в оригинале он не мог.

Создатель Буратино, как многие в те годы, знал французский, а на этот язык книга переводилась неоднократно. Но сам Толстой неоднократно вспоминал, что в доме, где он рос, не было детских книг, поэтому и такой вариант полностью отпадает.

Итак, Толстой прочитал сказку о Пиноккио, будучи вполне взрослым человеком. Но что так тронуло в этой истории молодого дворянина, что он решил написать собственную версию похождений деревянного мальчишки? Ответ на этот вопрос можно найти, заглянув в детские годы писателя.

Иллюстрация Роберто Инноченти (Roberto Innocenti)

Дело в том, что Алексей был нелюбимым сыном своего отца, графа Николая Толстого. Более того, есть неподтвержденная информация о том, что он был ему не родным. Скорее всего, именно поэтому до 16 лет мальчик носил фамилию Бостром и воспитывался в доме дяди. Кроме этого, биографы писателя утверждают, что Николай Толстой долго не хотел давать Алексею свою фамилию и титул.

Неудивительно, что трогательная история безродного деревянного мальчика, который изо всех сил стремился стать человеком, нашла живой отклик в душе несчастного юноши. И переписал он сказку не потому, что запамятовал детали, а совсем по иной причине.

Призрак с голубыми волосами

В сказке про Пиноккио, написанной итальянским автором, Мальвины не было. Но там был другой персонаж с голубыми волосами — это фея. Но изначально эта второстепенная героиня была даже не феей, а… призраком. У Коллоди было два варианта истории деревянного мальчишки, причем первый, с точки зрения современного человека, совершенно не детский.

В первой редакции сказки Пиноккио должен был умереть в конце сказки. По замыслу автора он убегал через лес от разбойников и силы почти оставили его. Но впереди, в чаще, появился небольшой белый дом, увидев который герой подумал, что сможет найти там спасение.

Иллюстрация Роберто Инноченти

Мальчишка долго колотит в запертые двери, но ему никто не открывает. Взглянув в окно, Пиноккио видит странную девочку:

В окне появилась красивая девочка. У нее были волосы цвета небесной лазури, бледное словно восковое лицо, глаза закрыты, а руки скрещены на груди. Даже не шевеля губами, она сказала голосом, который шел, казалось, с того света: – В этом доме никого нет. Все умерли. – Открой мне хотя бы ты! — взмолился Пиноккио, рыдая. – Я тоже умерла. – Умерла? Но что тогда ты делаешь тут, у окна? – Жду, когда прибудет гроб, чтобы забрать меня отсюда, — и с этими словами девочка исчезла, а окно бесшумно закрылось.

Вслед за этим к дому подоспели разбойники и расправились с Пиноккио. Сейчас такой финал детской сказки кажется более чем странным, но в середине XIX века, когда писалась книга, такое завершение было вполне обычным и никого не шокировало.

Иллюстрация Роберто Инноченти

Возможно, что на гибели Пиноккио все и закончилось, но его приключения так понравились читателям, что Коллоди был вынужден в следующем варианте сказки превратить мертвую девочку с голубыми волосами в добрую фею, которая его оживила. Изменять внешность персонажа автор не стал, так как она вполне соответствовала образу мистического создания.

Что значит имя Мальвина?

Толкований имени Мальвина существует немало. Чаще всего встречается вариант, что оно означает «нежная». Но на самом деле все как раз наоборот. В классической литературе это женское имя встречается впервые в произведении шотландского поэта-романтика Джеймса Макферсона «Поэмы Оссиана».

Оссиан — это легендарный британский бард, живший примерно в III веке нашей эры. Поэмы Макферсона были написаны от имени этой личности. Согласно легендам, у героя был сын, жену которого и звали Мальвина. Когда сын трагически погиб, невестка осталась в его родовом доме, став пожилому и немощному Оссиану дочерью и помощницей.

Бард Оссиан с невесткой Мальвиной

В России «Поэмы Оссиана» были невероятно популярны в первой половине XIX столетия. Это произведение оказало существенное влияние на творчество Жуковского, Батюшкова и даже Пушкина. В поэмах и стихах этих авторов имя Мальвина встречается неоднократно.

Вариантов перевода имени Мальвина совсем немного — большинство филологов уверены, что в его основе лежат два древнегерманских слова, укоренившихся в современном английском языке: «male» (мужчина) «win» (победа). Подобное имя очень хорошо подходит властной девочке, запирающей озорных мальчишек в чулан.

Домик в лесу

Коллоди, которому, очевидно, нравилось убивать персонажей, расправился и с феей, спасшей Пиноккио. В сказке она умирает от огорчения, что деревянный мальчик оставил ее. Правда, спустя время они снова встречаются, но фея с голубыми волосами уже не девочка, а вполне взрослая женщина.

Иллюстрация Грега Хильдебрандта

Итальянский сказочник расправляется не только с мальчишками и феями. В его книге погибает даже сверчок, которого убивает молотком сам Пиноккио. Но мы не будем рассматривать творчество Коллоди с точки зрения психологии и вернемся к нашей героине.

Образ жизни Мальвины заслуживает самого пристального внимания. Девочка из сказки Толстого живет в лесу и ей подчиняются насекомые, мыши и жабы. Кроме этого, при ней находится черный пудель, которого можно встретить в самом известном произведении о нечистой силе — «Фаусте» Гете. Именно в образе черного пуделя к Фаусту являлся владыка Тьмы Мефистофель.

Учитывая все это, можно сделать выводы, что девочка с голубыми волосами имеет непосредственное отношение к нечистой силе. Эдакая европейская Баба-Яга в молодости или жрица какого-то не слишком приятного языческого культа. Можно с большой долей вероятности утверждать, что Мальвина Толстого — это фея, просто завуалированная.

Как связаны Мальвина и золотой ключик

Хотя Мальвина и связана с оккультизмом и магией, вряд ли Толстой, придумывая эту девочку, опирался на образ какой-то феи, постоянно умирающей и воскресающей. Секрет девочки с голубыми волосами напрямую связан с тем самым золотым ключиком и каморкой, которую он отпирает.

Работу над сказкой «Золотой ключик, или Приключения Буратино» Алексей Толстой начал в эмиграции, тоскуя по России и страстно желая вернуться на родину. В созданном им мире ключик открывает дверь, за которой находится замечательный справедливый мир, в котором кукольный театр принадлежит не мироеду Карабасу-Барабасу, а самим куклам, которые в нем работают.

Можно сказать, что через волшебную дверцу за нарисованным на холсте очагом герои сказки попадают из капиталистического общества эксплуататоров в Советскую Россию, то есть в место, которое так идеализировал Толстой, находясь на чужбине. Но почему писатель выбрал такой странный способ перемещения из старого мира в светлое будущее?

У Карло Коллоди очаг в каморке старого Джеппетто нарисован просто на стене, а у Толстого — на холсте. Получается, что дверь была как-бы задрапирована тканью с изображением огня. Это очень важный момент истории, к которому нам позднее придется вернуться.

В 1909 году Толстой сотрудничал с детским журналом «Тропинка», в котором публиковался русский перевод «Алисы в стране чудес», чьим автором была Поликсена Соловьева, сестра знаменитого философа Владимира Соловьева и дочь историка Сергея Соловьева. В этом переводе есть вот такое интересное место:

На столе ничего не было, кроме маленького золотого ключика, и Алисе тотчас пришло в голову, что это ключик от одной из дверей. Но увы! Или замочные скважины были слишком велики, или ключик был слишком мал, только им нельзя было открыть ни одной из дверей. Но, обходя двери вторично, Алиса обратила внимание на маленькую занавесочку, которой не заметила раньше, и за этой занавесочкой нашла маленькую дверку, около пятнадцати дюймов высоты. Она попробовала отпереть дверцу золотым ключиком, и к ее великой радости, ключик подошел.

Есть ли у кого то сомнения, что Толстой читал «Алису», которая публиковалась в том же журнале, что и его детские рассказы? О том, что не только читал, но и использовал при работе над своей сказкой, сомневаться не приходится. Внимательный читатель может вспомнить, что над домиком Мальвины проплывало облако в виде кошачьей головы, на которое рычал пудель Артемон. Чем не образ Чеширского кота, позаимствованный у Кэррола?

В номере журнала «Тропинка», где впервые в истории девочки Алисы появляется Чеширский кот, Алексей Толстой публикует свой рассказ о собаке под названием «Полкан». Таким образом, состоялась первая встреча чудесного кота и собаки вне страниц сказки о Буратино.

Алиса и Мальвина

Две девочки, из сказки Льюиса Кэррола и Алексея Толстого, несомненно, похожи. Алису расстраивает хаос, царящий в Стране Чудес, и она постоянно пытается навести там порядок. Мальвина также сторонник порядка, чистоты и дисциплины, которые пытается привить своему новому знакомому Буратино. При этом Алиса участвует в чаепитии с безумным Шляпником и Мартовским Зайцем, а Мальвина сама устраивает посиделки с чаем для Буратино.

Невероятно, но для того, чтобы родилась сказка о Буратино, в воображении автора должны были чудесным образом переплестись разные образы и сюжетные линии, мистические герои и собственные детские переживания.