Краткий рассказ про мгу на английском

M. V. Lomonosov
Moscow State University

Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова
Coat of Arms
Motto	Наука есть ясное познание истины, просвещение разума
Motto in English	Science is a clear knowledge of the truth, enlightenment of the mind
Type	Public research university
Established	23 January 1755; 267 years ago
Rector	Viktor Sadovnichiy
Academic staff	5,000
Students	47,000
Undergraduates	40,000
Postgraduates	7,000 (estimate)
Location	Moscow , Russia
Campus	Urban
Language	Russian
Colours	Blue
Affiliations	Association of Professional Schools of International Affairs (cancelled in 2022) Institutional Network of the Universities from the Capitals of Europe (suspended in 2022) International Forum of Public Universities
Website	www.msu.ru/en/
Building details
Главное здание МГУ (ГЗ МГУ)
Location within Moscow
General information
Location	Moscow, Russia
Coordinates	55°42′14″N 37°31′43″E / 55.7039°N 37.5286°ECoordinates: 55°42′14″N 37°31′43″E / 55.7039°N 37.5286°E
Completed	1953
Height
Architectural	240 m (787 ft)
Top floor	214 m (702 ft)[1]
Technical details
Floor count	42
Floor area	1,000,000 m2 (10,763,910.417 sq ft)

M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU; Russian: Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова) is a public research university in Moscow, Russia and the most prestigious university in the country.^[2][3][4]

The university includes 15 research institutes, 43 faculties, more than 300 departments, and six branches (including five foreign ones in the Commonwealth of Independent States countries). Alumni of the university include past leaders of the Soviet Union and other governments. As of 2019, 13 Nobel laureates, six Fields Medal winners, and one Turing Award winner had been affiliated with the university.

The university was ranked 18th by The Three University Missions Ranking in 2022, and 76th by the QS World University Rankings in 2022, #293 in the world by the global Times Higher World University Rankings, and #326 by U.S. News & World Report in 2022.^[5] It was the highest-ranking Russian educational institution by QS in 2020,^[6] and according to the Nature Index in 2019 the highest ranked Russian university for research output.^[7] Moscow State University is generally accepted as the leading higher educational institution in the former Soviet Union.^[8]

History[edit]

Imperial Moscow University[edit]

Ivan Shuvalov and Mikhail Lomonosov promoted the idea of a university in Moscow, and Russian Empress Elizabeth decreed its establishment on 23 January [O.S. 12 January] 1755.

The first lectures were given on 7 May [O.S. 26 April]. Saint Petersburg State University and MSU each claim to be Russia’s oldest university. Though Moscow State University was founded in 1755, St. Petersburg which has had a continuous existence as a «university» since 1819 sees itself as the successor of an academy established on in 1724, by a decree of Peter the Great.^{[citation needed]}

MSU originally occupied the Principal Medicine Store on Red Square from 1755 to 1787. Catherine the Great transferred the university to a building on the other side of Mokhovaya Street, constructed between 1782 and 1793, to a design by Matvei Kazakov, and rebuilt by Domenico Giliardi after fire consumed much of Moscow in 1812.^{[citation needed]}

In the 18th century, the university had three departments: philosophy, medicine, and law. A preparatory college was affiliated with the university until its abolition in 1812. In 1779, Mikhail Kheraskov founded a boarding school for noblemen (Благородный пансион) which in 1830 became a gymnasium for Russian nobility. The university press, run by Nikolay Novikov in the 1780s, published the newspaper in Imperial Russia: Moskovskie Vedomosti.^{[citation needed]}

In 1804, medical education split into clinical (therapy), surgical, and obstetrics faculties. During 1884–97, the Department of Medicine built a medical campus in Devichye Pole, between the Garden Ring and Novodevichy Convent; designed by Konstantin Bykovsky, with university doctors like Nikolay Sklifosovskiy and Fyodor Erismann acting as consultants. The campus, and medical education in general, were separated from Moscow University in 1930. Devichye Pole was operated by the independent I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University and by various other state and private institutions.^{[citation needed]}

The roots of student unrest in the university reach deep into the nineteenth century. In 1905, a social-democratic organization emerged at the university and called for the overthrow of the Czarist government and the establishment of a republic in Russia. The imperial government repeatedly threatened to close the university. In 1911, in a protest over the introduction of troops onto the campus and mistreatment of certain professors, 130 scientists and professors resigned en masse, including Nikolay Dimitrievich Zelinskiy, Pyotr Nikolaevich Lebedev, and Sergei Alekseevich Chaplygin; thousands of students were expelled.^{[citation needed]}

Moscow State University[edit]

1917-49[edit]

After the October Revolution of 1917, the institution began to admit children of the proletariat and peasantry. In 1919, the university abolished tuition fees, and established a preparatory facility to help working-class children prepare for entrance examinations. During the implementation of Joseph Stalin’s first five-year plan (1928–32), prisoners from the Gulag were forced to construct parts of the newly expanded university.

1950-99[edit]

In 1970, the university imposed a 2% quota on Jewish students.^[9] A 2014 article entitled «Math as a tool of anti-semitism» in The Mathematics Enthusiast discussed antisemitism in the Moscow State University’s Department of Mathematics during the 1970s and 1980s.^[10][11][12]

In the mid-1980s, the Dean of MSU’s law faculty was dismissed for taking bribes.^[13] After 1991, nine new faculties were established. The following year, the university gained a unique status: it is funded directly from the state budget (bypassing the Ministry of Education).^{[citation needed]}

On 6 September 1997, French electronic musician Jean Michel Jarre used the front of the university as the backdrop for a concert. The concert attracted a paying crowd of half a million people.^[14]

2000-present[edit]

In 2007, MSU Rector Viktor Sadovnichy said that corruption in Russia’s education system was a «systemic illness,» and that he had seen an ad guaranteeing a perfect score on entrance exams to MSU, for a significant fee.^[15]

On 19 March 2008, Russia’s most powerful supercomputer to date, the SKIF MSU (Russian: СКИФ МГУ; skif means «Scythian» in Russian) was launched at the university. Its peak performance of 60 TFLOPS (LINPACK — 47.170 TFLOPS) made it the fastest supercomputer in the Commonwealth of Independent States.^[16][17]

In November 2012, Mikhail Basharatyan, Deputy Dean of the MSU World Economy Department, was fired for taking a bribe from a pupil.^[18][19] In February 2013, Andrei Andriyanov resigned as head of the Kolmogorov Special Educational and Scientific Center of the university, after an investigation concluded that he had included fake references in his doctoral thesis.^[20]

In March 2022, Victor Sadovnichy, rector of Moscow State University and president of the Russian Union of Rectors, was the lead signature in a public statement endorsing the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.^[21] In reaction, Academia Europaea, a pan-European academy, suspended the membership of Sadovnichy.^[22] In response to the Russian invasion, that same month Yale University, the Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, University of Potsdam, and HKU Business School suspended their longstanding relationships with the university, and the University of St Andrews suspended a joint master’s degree programme with the university.^{[23][24][25][26][27]} Intel and AMD, the largest chip manufacturers in the world, whose processors are used in the Moscow State University supercomputer, as well as NVIDIA, reacted by suspending deliveries of their processors to Russia.^[28][29]

Campus[edit]

Since 1953, most of the faculties have been situated on Sparrow Hills, in southwest Moscow. In the post-war era, Joseph Stalin ordered seven tiered neoclassic towers to be built around the city. It was built using Gulag labour, as were many of Stalin’s Great Construction Projects in Russia.^[30][31][32] The MSU main building was the tallest building in Europe until 1990. The central tower is 240 m tall, 36 stories high.^{[citation needed]}

Along with the university administration, the Museum of Earth Sciences and faculties of Mechanics and Mathematics, Geology, Geography, and Fine and Performing Arts are in the Main building. The building on Mokhovaya Street houses the Faculty of Journalism, the Faculty of Psychology, and Institute of Asian and African Countries. A number of faculty buildings are located near Manege Square in the centre of Moscow and a number of campuses abroad in Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan.^{[citation needed]} The Ulyanovsk branch of MSU was reorganized into Ulyanovsk State University in 1996.^[33]

Faculties[edit]

As of 2009, the university had 39 faculties and 15 research centres. A number of small faculties opened, such as Faculty of Physics and Chemistry and Higher School of Television. The full list of faculties is as follows:^[34]

• Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics
• Faculty of Computational Mathematics and Cybernetics
• Faculty of Physics
• Faculty of Chemistry
• Faculty of Materials Science
• Faculty of Biology
• Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics [ru]
• Faculty of Soil Science [ru]
• Faculty of Geology [ru]
• Faculty of Geography
• Faculty of Fundamental Medicine
• Faculty of History
• Faculty of Philology [ru]
• Faculty of Philosophy [ru]
• Faculty of Economics
• Faculty of Law [ru]
• Faculty of Journalism
• Faculty of Psychology
• Institute of Asian and African Countries
• Faculty of Sociology [ru]
• Faculty of Foreign Languages and Area Studies [ru]
• Faculty of Public Administration [ru]
• Faculty of World Politics [ru]
• Faculty of Political Science
• Faculty of Fine and Performing Arts
• Faculty of Global Studies
• Faculty of Education
• Graduate School of Business Administration
• Faculty of Physics and Chemistry
• Moscow School of Economics
• Higher School of Translation and Interpretation
• Higher School of Public Administration
• Higher School of Public Audit
• Higher School of Administration and Innovations
• Higher School of Innovative Business Administration
• Higher School of Contemporary Social Sciences
• Higher School of Television
• Faculty of Further Education
• Faculty of Military Training

Institutions and research centers[edit]

• Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics
• Institute of Mechanics
• Sternberg Astronomical Institute
• A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology
• Research Computing Center
• N.N. Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Problems of Microphysics
• White Sea Biological Station
• Moscow University Herbarium

Academic reputation[edit]

University rankings
Global – Overall
ARWU World[35]	101–150 (2022)
QS World[36]	75 (2023)
THE World[5][37]	296 (2022)
USNWR Global[38]	335 (2023)

In world rankings, MSU was ranked 101st–150th by the Academic Ranking of World Universities 2022,^[39] #75 by QS World University Rankings 2023,^[40] and #335 by U.S. News & World Report 2023.^[41]

According to the some international rankings MSU is the highest-ranked Russian university (with the nearest Russian competitor being Saint Petersburg State University), but it was consistently ranked outside the top 5 nationally in 2010–11 by Forbes^[42] and Ria Novosti / HSE,^[43] with both ratings based on data set collected by HSE from Russian Unified State Exam scores averaged per all students and faculties of university.^{[citation needed]}

The university has contacts with universities in the world, exchanging students and lecturers. It houses the UNESCO International Demography Courses and Hydrology Courses. In 1991 the French University College, the Russian-American University, and the Institute of German Science and Culture were opened.^{[citation needed]}

World rankings

	2016	2015	2014	2013	2012	2011	2010	2009	2008	2007	2006	2005
Academic Ranking of World Universities[44]	87th	86th	84th	79th	80th	77th	74th	78th	70th	77th	70th	68th
QS World University Rankings[45]	108th		114th	120th	116th	112th	93rd	101st	183rd	231st	93rd	93rd
Times Higher Education World University Rankings[46]	161st	196th	226-250th	201-225th	214th	296th	237th	–	–	–	–	–
Times Higher Education World Reputation Rankings[47]	30th	25th	51-60th	50th	–	33rd	–	–	–	–	–	–
Human Resources & Labor Review (Graduates performance)[44]					–	44th	44th	44th	43rd	–	–	–
Academic Ranking of World Universities (Natural Sciences)[44]		51–75th	51–75th	51–75th	51–75th	51–75th	51–75th	53–76th	41st	–	–	–
QS World University Rankings (Natural Sciences)[47]	60th		34th	84th	44th	38th	29th	30th	29th	27th	44th	–

Staff and students[edit]

The university employs more than 4,000 academics and 15,000 support staff.^{[citation needed]} Approximately 5,000 researchers work at the university’s research institutes and facilities.^[48] More than 40,000 undergraduates and 7,000 advanced degree candidates are enrolled.^[48] Annually, the university hosts approximately 2,000 students, graduate students, and researchers from around the world.^{[citation needed]}

Notable people[edit]

Notable alumni of Moscow State University
Vladimir Arnold Anton Chekhov Vitaly Ginzburg Mikhail Gorbachev Grigory Margulis Boris Pasternak Andrey Kolmogorov Andrei Sakharov Ivan Turgenev

As of 2017, 13 Nobel laureates, 6 Fields Medal winners and one Turing Award winner had been affiliated with the university. It is the alma mater of writers such as Anton Chekhov, Boris Pasternak, and Ivan Turgenev, politicians such as Mikhail Gorbachev and Mikhail Suslov, as well as mathematicians and physicists such as Vladimir Arnold, Boris Demidovich, Vladimir Drinfeld, Vitaly Ginzburg, Andrey Kolmogorov, Grigory Margulis, Andrei Sakharov, and Yakov Sinai.

Moscow State University in philately[edit]

• Russian and Soviet stamps

• 

  1950 postage stamp:
  the project of the 26-storey building of Moscow State University

• 

  1955 postage stamp:
  the old university building

• 

  1955 postage stamp:
  the new university building

• 

  1957 postage stamp:
  Moscow Festival of Youth and Students

• 

• 

  2005 postage stamp:
  250th anniversary of Moscow State University

See also[edit]

• Education in Russia
• List of early modern universities in Europe
• List of universities in Russia
• List of rectors of Moscow State University
• List of honorary professors of the Moscow State University

References[edit]

External links[edit]

• Moscow State University

M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University
Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова

Established	January 25, 1755
Location	Moscow, Russia
Website	http://www.msu.ru/en/

M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (Russian: Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова, often abbreviated МГУ, MSU, MGU) is the largest university in Russia, and claims to be the oldest. Founded in 1755, the university has grown to be one of the largest institutions in the world and has a long reputation both in and out of Russia for its education and research facilities, especially in the areas of science and mathematics.

Founded in 1755 by Mikhail Lomonosov, whose name was later added to the name of the institution in his honor, it was originally modeled after German universities with a largely German faculty. The university went through difficult times, as did Russia, with the prelude to the Revolution of 1917. After the revolution the university opened its doors to qualified students of all social classes, and efforts were made to assist those of the lower classes in attaining entrance qualifications. Subsequent political repressions negatively affected the development of scientific ideas, as Soviet scientists had virtually no contact with outside colleagues and only research compatible with Communist ideology was permitted. The institution again suffered difficulties due to the German invasion in World War II, but finally in the later part of the twentieth century solidified and expanded its position as a major academic force in not only Russia, but also Europe and the world. With a new charter adopted in 1998, the university has achieved not only substantial funding but a significant level of independence. In the twenty-first century, Moscow State University is expected to contribute greatly not only to the education of youth but also to the expansion of knowledge that will enable humankind to achieve a better quality of life.

Mission and Reputation

Moscow State University’s 1998 charter established «democracy, openness and self-government to be the main principles in the life of Moscow University; the main goal is freedom to teach and to study as well as to develop oneself as a personality.»^[1] This reflects the long standing tradition of Moscow State as being the most prominent higher education institution in Russia.

It is disputed whether the Moscow State University or the St. Petersburg State University is the oldest higher education institution in Russia. While the former was established in 1755, the latter, which has been in continuous operation under the name of university since 1819, claims to be the successor of the university established on January 24, 1724 by a decree of Peter the Great together with the Academic Gymnasium and Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences.

Moscow State University prides itself in its research facilities and projects, interdisciplinary programs in both the sciences and humanities as well as its high graduate and success rates. This reputation of excellence goes beyond Russia’s boundaries; in 2007, the Moscow State University was ranked 76th, out of 500, of the best World Universities^[2], and number 23rd in all of Europe.^[3]

History

The university was established on the instigation of Ivan Shuvalov and Mikhail Lomonosov by a decree of Russian Empress Elizabeth dated January 25, 1755, which is still celebrated as Students’ Day in Russia.^[4] First lessons were held on April 26. Originally located in the Principal Medicine Store on Red Square, the university was transferred by Catherine the Great to the present Neoclassical building on the other side of Mokhovaya Street. The main building was constructed between 1782 and 1793 to a Neo-Palladian design by Matvei Kazakov and rebuilt after Fire of Moscow (1812) by Domenico Giliardi. At this time the university had three faculties: philosophy, medicine, and law.

In 1804, medical education was split into Clinical (therapy), Surgical, and Obstetrics faculties. In 1884-1897, the Department of Medicine, supported by private donations, City Hall, and the national government, built an extensive, 1.6 kilometer long, state-of-the-art medical campus in Devichye Pole, between the Garden Ring and Novodevichy Convent.^[5] In 1905, a social-democratic organization was created at the university calling for the tsar to be overthrown and for Russia to be turned into a republic. The Tsarist government repeatedly began closing the university. In 1911, in a protest over the introduction of troops onto the campus and mistreatment of certain professors, 130 scientists and professors resigned en masse, including such prominent names as Nikolay Dimitrievich Zelinskiy, Pyotr Nikolaevich Lebedev, and Sergei Alekseevich Chaplygin. Thousands of students were also expelled.

After the October Revolution in 1917, the school began opening admission to all qualified applicants, not just those of the wealthy. In 1919, tuition fees were done away with, and a preparatory facility was created for children of the working class so that they would be able to pass the admission examinations.^[5] The political repressions of the 1930s and 1950s negatively affected the development of scientific ideas, as Soviet scientists had virtually no contacts with their colleagues abroad, while certain branches of science were condemned as based on the ideology alien to Communist ideas, and a number of scientists and scholars were sentenced to life imprisonment for their research efforts.

In 1940 the university was re-named in honor of its founder Mikhail Lomonosov, coinciding with the beginnings of World War II, another difficult time for the university. During the invasion of Russia by Nazi Germany, academic studies were suspended and most of the school was relocated far from the war front, yet hundreds of students and professors stayed to join the army and fought to protect the capital. Many researchers at the university stayed as well, carrying out programs to aid the war effort. After the war, lawyers from the university played a vital role in the Nuremberg and Tokyo trials.^[5]

During the post-war period the leading role of Moscow University in the restoration and further development of the country was fully recognized. There was a fivefold increase in the state funding, the new University campus was built on Vorobievy Gory (Sparrow Hills), where all the lecture halls and laboratories had the latest equipment available at the time.

After 1991, nine new faculties were established. In 1992, a new charter was proposed and debated upon until 1998, when it was adopted. The result gave the university a unique status: it is funded directly from the state budget (bypassing the ministry of education) which provides a significant level of independence.^[5]

Facilities

Since 1953, most of the faculties have been situated on Sparrow Hills, in the southwest of Moscow. The Main building was designed by architect Lev Vladimirovich Rudnev.^[6] In the post-war era, Stalin ordered seven huge tiered neoclassic towers built around the city. The MSU Main building is by far the largest of these. It was also the tallest building in the world outside of New York City at the time of its construction, and it remained the tallest building in Europe until 1988. The central tower is 240m tall, 36-stories high, and flanked by four huge wings of student and faculty accommodations. It is said to contain a total of 33 kilometers of corridors and 5,000 rooms.^[7] Facilities available inside the building include a concert hall, a theater, a museum, various administration services, a library, a swimming pool, a police station, a post office, a laundry, a hairdresser’s salon, a canteen, bank offices, shops, cafeterias, a bomb shelter, and so forth.

Along with the university administration, four of the main faculties — Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics, the Faculty of Geology, the Faculty of Geography, and the Faculty of Fine and Performing Arts — now remain in the Main building. The star on the top of the tower is large enough to include a small room and a viewing platform; it weighs 12 tons. The building’s facades are ornamented with giant clocks, barometers, and thermometers, statues, carved wheat sheaves, and Soviet crests (recently renovated). It stands before a terrace featuring statues of male and female students gazing optimistically and confidently into the future.

While the Sparrow Hills were on the outskirts of the city at the time of the construction of the Main building, they are now about halfway from the Kremlin to the city limits. Several other buildings and sports facilities were later added to the city campus, including the only baseball stadium in Russia.^[8] At the beginning of the twenty-first century, construction began on a new building for the social sciences faculties, and a vast new facility was completed for the library, which is the second largest in Russia by volume (number of books). The university also has several dormitory buildings in the southwest of Moscow outside the campus.

In addition to its many buildings, the MSU also houses several museums:

• Museum of Earth Science
• Anuchin Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology
• Museum of Zoology
• Museum of MSU History

Programs

The Moscow State University grants degrees in over fifty different areas of study, most of which fall into the humanities and science categories. In most of these areas, students are allowed to progress from undergraduate to the graduate and sometimes post-graduate level of study. In addition to Ph.D.s, the university also offers specialized medical and legal degrees.

Departments

As of 2005, the university had 29 faculties:

• Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics
• Faculty of Computational Mathematics and Cybernetics
• Faculty of Physics
• Faculty of Chemistry
• Faculty of Biology
• Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics
• Faculty of Soil Science
• Faculty of Geology
• Faculty of Geography
• Faculty of Materials Science
• Faculty of Fundamental Medicine
• Faculty of History
• Faculty of Philology
• Faculty of Philosophy
• Faculty of Economics
• Higher School of Business Administration
• Faculty of Law
• Faculty of Journalism
• Faculty of Psychology
• The Institute of Asian and African Studies
• Faculty of Sociology
• Faculty of Foreign Languages and Area Studies
• Faculty of Public Administration
• Faculty of Fine and Performing Arts
• Faculty of World Politics
• Faculty of Education
• Faculty of Further Education
• Moscow School of Economics
• Faculty of Military Training
• Department of Physical Education

The University also hosts several research centers and institutes of study, including:

• Scobeltsyn Nuclear Physics Research Institute
• Research Institute of Mechanics
• Shternberg State Institute of Astronomy
• Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology
• Bogolubov Institute of Microworld
• MSU- RAS Research Institute of Soil Science
• Institute for Information Security Issues
• MSU Media Centre
• Center for International Education
• Kolmogorov Research Centre
• International Laser Centre
• Research Centre for Social Studies
• International Research Centre for Biochemical Technology
• Lyapunov Franco-Russian Centre for Applied Mathematics and IT technology
• Centre for Inservice Training for Specialists in Environmental Studies]

Student Life

As the largest school in Russia, and excepting a large number of international students, the students at the Moscow State University make-up a diverse population. This gives many native Russians a chance to live with and encounter people from different cultures, ethnicities, and religions, sometimes for the first time. It also gives international students the opportunity to live in and explore the Russian culture. However, since the university is so large, there is also the drawback that going to school there can be at times an impersonal experience; with large classrooms and a campus spread out over a large geographical area, the sense of community can at times be strained.

Located in the largest city in Russia, the university does give students the chance to live and explore Moscow, a modern cosmopolitan city full of history, culture, and excitement.

Traditions

Russian Students Day, (also known as Tatiana Day) is a Russian religious holiday observed on January 25 according to the Gregorian calendar. It is named after Saint Tatiana, a Christian martyr in second century Rome during the reign of Emperor Alexander Severus.

In 1755 on the name day of Ivan Shuvalov’s mother Tatiana Rodionovna, his mistress Empress Elizabeth of Russia endorsed his petition to establish the university in Moscow. The church of Saint Tatiana was later built in the university campus, and the Russian Orthodox Church declared Saint Tatiana the patron saint of students, and Tatiana Day has become celebrated as Russian Students Day.^[9]

Famous alumni and faculty

• Alexey Abrikosov — Winner of 2003 Noble Prize winner in Physics
• Pavel Alexandrov — famous mathematician
• Zalpa Bersanova — famous author and Ethnographer
• Anton Chekhov — famous author
• Boris Chicherin — famous philosopher and Monarchist
• Ekaterina Dashkova — Princess in the Imperial Russian Court of the eighteenth century
• Dmitri Egorov — Famous mathematician
• Grigori Gamburtsev — Pioneer in Russian seismology studies
• Israel Gelfand — famous mathematician
• Vitaly Ginzburg — 2003 Noble Prize winner in Physics
• Mikhail Gorbachev — last General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, winner of 1990 Noble Peace Prize
• Alexandr Griboyedov — Russian diplomat, playwright, and composer
• Alexander Herzen — major Russian pro-Western writer and thinker known as the «father of Russian socialism.»
• Ion Iliescu — Former President of Romania
• Wassily Kandinsky — Early abstract artist
• Pyotr Kapitsa — Winner of 1978 Noble Prize for Physics
• Maxim Kontsevich — Winner of 1998 Fields Medal
• Igor Kurchatov — leader of the Soviet atomic bomb project
• Lev Landau — Winner of 1962 Noble Prize in Physics
• Grigory Margulis — Winner of 1978 Fields Medal
• Nitiphoom Naowarat — Journalist and politician of Thailand
• Aleksandr Oparin — Soviet biochemist and author of the theory of the origin of life
• Andrei Sakharov — eminent Soviet nuclear physicist, dissident and human rights activist, winner of 1975 Noble Peace Prize
• Yakov Sinai — one of the most influential mathematicians of the twentieth century
• Sergey Stanishev — Prime Minister of Bulgaria
• Igor Tamm — Nobel Laureate in Physics for the year 1958

Notes

References

ISBN links support NWE through referral fees

• Anisimov, E.V. Empress Elizabeth: Her reign and her Russia, 1741-1761. Academic International Press, 1995. ISBN 0875691404
• Chipova, Irina and Katharina Feuer, (eds). Moscow Architecture & Design. Te Neues Publishing Company, 2007. ISBN 3832791566
• Vorhees, Mara. Moscow (Lonely Planet City Guides). Lonely Planet Publications, 2006. ISBN 1740598156

External links

All links retrieved November 10, 2022.

• Moscow State University campus on Google Maps

• Early history
• XIX century
• Early XX Century
• After 1917 Revolution
• Moscow University during World War II
• The years after World War II
• Moscow University today
• MSU as a research center
• MSU Main Campus
• Studying at MSU
• MSU Publishing House and Library System
• MSU International Cooperation

Moscow University today

Nowadays, as it has done throughout its history, the University retains its role of a major center of learning and research as well as an important cultural center. Its academics and students follow the long-standing traditions of the highest academic standards and democratic ideals.

In June 1992 the President of the Russian Federation issued a decree establishing the status of Moscow University as a self-governing institution of higher education. In November 1998, after a wide-ranging discussion, the Charter of Moscow University was approved. It proclaims Moscow University a self-governing body operating under its own Charter and the laws of the Russian Federation.

In March 2007 the Conference of academic councils of Moscow University approved the revised version of the Charter which aligned the document with the latest legal acts. Confirming all the rights of Moscow University proclaimed in the 1998 Charter, the updated version, approved by the Government of RF in March 2008, states the University is chartered as a federal entity, its Founder being the Russian Federation represented by the Government of RF, as originally a special status of the University was ensured by the supreme authority of its Founder, Empress Elizaveta Petrovna. The 2007 Charter stresses the leading role Moscow University has played in the development of learning, research and Russian culture, and its significance as part of the national heritage. The approval of the 2007 Charter by a special Decree of the Government is seen as a mark of recognition of the University’s outstanding achievement and merit.

The Charter confirms that the University funding is itemized on a separate line in the federal budget; at the same time Moscow University enjoys the right for entrepreneurship and property income which is essential for the University innovative development.

According to the Charter the Conference of academic councils makes decisions concerning operation of the University as a whole and elects its Rector. Current matters are discussed by the MSU Academic Council uniting Rector and Pro-Rectors, Deans of the faculties, Directors of research institutes and centers, representatives elected by the faculties (both academics and students) and by the services. At its monthly meetings the Academic Council considers current academic and research agenda, approves changes in the University structure and its budget, grants academic titles and approves chair appointments, discusses plans for the University development.

Moscow State University is a major traditional educational institution in Russia, it offers training in almost all branches of modern science and humanities. Its undergraduates may choose one of 128 qualifications in its 39 faculties, while post-graduate students may specialize in 18 branches of science and humanities and in 168 different areas. The total number of MSU students exceeds 40,000; besides, about 10,000 high school students attend various clubs and courses at MSU. Various kinds of academic courses and research work are conducted at MSU Museums, affiliated subdivisions in various locations in Russia, on board scientific ships etc.

MSU is a centre of research science famous for its major scientific schools. There have been 11 Nobel Prize winners among its professors and alumni, out of 18 Russians who have received the prestigious prize so far. Many more MSU scientists have been awarded various Soviet and Russian prizes for their achievements, among them 60 Lenin Prizes and 120 State Prizes, over 40 MSU scientists having received the State Prizes over the last decade.

Among those who teach and do research at MSU there are 2,500 higher doctoral degree holders and almost 6,000 holders of candidate degrees, the total number of professors and instructors being about 5,000; there are over 300 full members and correspondent members of he Russian Academy of Sciences and other academies.. About 4,500 scientists and scholars are currently involved in 350 research projects in various fields.

Besides its 39 faculties, Moscow University comprises 15 research institutes, 4 museums, 6 local branches in Russia and abroad, about 380 departments, the Science Park, the Botanical Gardens, The Library, the University Publishing House and a printing shop, a recreational centre and a boarding school for talented children.

A number of new faculties, departments and research laboratories have been recently established, new academic programs are being continuously introduced together with new curricula; there are over 140 distance learning programs. Research has recently started in 30 new interdisciplinary areas.

MSU as a research center

The University’s scientific potential creates a unique opportunity for interdisciplinary research and pioneering work in various branches of science. The recent years have been marked by achievements in the fields of high-energy physics, superconductivity, laser technology, mathematics and mechanics, renewable energy sources, biochemistry and biotechnology. New problems to be studied by scholars often reveal themselves while they are working on various aspects of sociology, economics, history, psychology, philosophy and the history of culture. On average 800 doctoral and 200 higher doctoral degrees in various fields of science and humanities are awarded at MSU every year.

Moscow University is a major innovative center. The first Russian Science Park appeared at MSU; in the last three years about 70 small companies have been founded within the Park, they specialize in chemistry and innovative materials, biotechnology, pharmaceutics, ecology and environmental management, production of scientific equipment and instruments. The Park unites about 2,000 scientists who work to make scientific achievements into technological innovations, cooperating with business companies in the development of innovative technologies. It is in the Scientific Park that the links with leading Russian companies and potential employers of University graduates are established. Another area where links between academics and business have been successfully developing is corporation universities within Moscow University that are a model of innovative approach to tuition. Accomplished in 2006 — 2007 within the framework of the National Educational Project, the practical implementation of the approach resulted in 67 innovative Master’s Degree programs.

In 2006 Moscow University organized the first Festival of Science and Arts in Russia, similar to those traditionally held in many countries abroad. In 2007 the second Festival united around 100,000 participants and guests, becoming an all-Moscow event, while 2008 saw the Festival held all over Russia. Now it has become traditional, being held in early October every year.

Moscow University’s 250th anniversary was marked by putting a satellite into orbit; the satellite had been made by the University specialists and named “Tatiana” after the University patron saint. It allowed to discover new phenomena in the near-Earth space.

On September 17, 2009 the rocket launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome put into space the experimental research satellite named “Tatiana – II” whose mission was to observe and register transient phenomena in the upper atmosphere, thus helping to understand their nature. At the moment MSU specialists are planning to put a new and bigger satellite into orbit in 2011, marking M.V.Lomonosov’s 300th anniversary.

2008 saw a substantial increase in the MSU computing power, supplemented by 60-teraflop supercomputer ”Chebyshev” (joint project of MSU, RAS and T-Platforms Company) and 28-teraflop Blue Gene/P made by IBM. 2009 saw a substantial increase in the MSU computing power again, supplemented by 414-teraflop supercomputer ”Lomonosov”.

MSU Main Campus

From the engineering and operational point of view Moscow University campus is an extremely complex system, with its 1,000,000 m2 floor area in 1,000 buildings and structures, with its 8 dormitories housing over 12,000 students and 300 km of utility lines. Nevertheless, this system has to be modernized and developed for the University to meet the modern requirements both as a center of higher learning and a center of research. According to the plan, approved by the government in 1987, a number of new buildings are to be erected in the area adjacent to the campus on Vorobievy Gory. Under the project (architect G.N.Tsytovitch) new blocks for a few faculties and state-of-the-art research laboratories are to be constructed, together with a library building, a swimming pool, a stadium, a recreation centre, and some services. The Main Library Building was opened in January, 2005. The 1st Humanities Building opening ceremony on the new campus was held on September 1, 2007, the new block housing Faculties of History, Public Administration, Philosophy, Political Science. The new Medical Center has been erected on the new campus as well. The “old“ campus area has been developed too, the new Economics Building being opened in 2009.

Studying at MSU

As training highly qualified specialists has always been the main goal, the faculties and departments constantly revise their curricula and introduce new programs. A number of faculties offer 4-year Bachelor’s and 2-year Master’s Degree programs, together with traditional 5-year Specialist Degree programs. Currently the stress is on student’s ability to work independently and meet employer’s requirements, thus practical experience in the field being of foremost importance. More classes in the Liberal Arts have been recently included in the curricula for science students, lecturers in Arts and Social Sciences giving classes on the history and culture of Russia and other countries, philology, economics, law and art for students of different faculties. The University offers individual programs combining programs and classes at different faculties.

Keeping fit is often essential for satisfactory academic achievement, thus in their first two years undergraduates have two obligatory physical training sessions a week, later they may join one of sports clubs.

The curricula of all MSU faculties are based on the combination of academic instruction with student’s research work and the combination of thorough theoretical knowledge with specific skills. Having acquired theoretical knowledge in the first and the second year, in their third year undergraduates choose an area to specialize in. At the same time they choose a field for their independent study, joining elective special seminars; the results of research are usually presented at the meetings of students’ scientific societies or at scientific conferences, the most interesting results are published.

Normally, a degree program at MSU takes from 4 to 6 years to complete. At the end of the final semester the results of each student’s independent research are submitted in the form of final paper, which is publicly presented by the student at the meeting of the department.

The students in most MSU programs do not pay their tuition but 15% of students whose tuition is not covered by the government funding have to pay fees. Students whose academic performance is up to the standard receive grants. Accommodation in MSU dormitories is provided for those students who are not residents of Moscow.

According to the MSU Charter, The MSU Student Board is a form of student government, coordinating various aspects of campus life and activities. At the moment there are a number of various students’ public organizations at MSU.

MSU graduates work in institutes of higher learning, research institutes, in industry, governmental agencies, public organizations and private companies.

MSU has a long-standing tradition as a centre of retraining admitting up to 5,000 various specialists a year, highly-qualified professionals updating themselves on the latest achievements in various fields of science and humanities.

MSU Publishing House and Library System

As a centre of learning, MSU publishes a wide range of scientific literature and popular editions, thus the role of the University publishing house, which was established just a year later than the University itself, can not be overestimated. Since 1756 over 50,000 scientific and scholarly, as well as literary works have been printed, both in the original languages and in translation. Thus, in the XVIII century works by Diderot, Montaigne, Rousseau, Voltaire were published, while the XIX century publications served to popularize Russian scientists and scholars. In the XX century the University publishers printed more copies of Russian classical literature and textbooks than any other publishing house in the country.

Nowadays the University academics are among the most popular authors, about 150 books being yearly released: scientific and scholarly works, textbooks for high school, undergraduates and postgraduates, books on popular science and non-fiction, various reference materials, as well as 118 issues of Moscow University Bulletin ; some of them, namely, Moscow University Biological Sciences Bulletin, Moscow University Chemistry Bulletin, Moscow University Computational Mathematics and Cybernetics Bulletin, Moscow University Geology Bulletin, Moscow University Mathematics Bulletin, Moscow University Mechanics Bulletin , Moscow University Physics Bulletin, Moscow University Soil Science Bulletin are regularly translated into English and published in the USA by Allerton Press, Inc.

The University publishing house has received numerous awards from the Association of Russian publishers, having retained the highest position and setting the standards in the field of scientific publications.

MSU library system is one of the largest in Russia, with its 9,000,000 books, 2,000,000 of them in foreign languages, and the average number of readers 55,000, using 5,500,000 books a year.

MSU International Cooperation

MSU collaborates with the Eurasian University Association and has links with about 60 educational institutions, centers, unions, and universities in Europe, the USA, Japan, China and some other Asian countries, in Australia, Latin America, Arab countries. 5 MSU branch campuses have been opened in the former Soviet republics.

Since 1946, when the first international students were admitted, over 11,000 highly qualified specialists have been trained at MSU for 150 countries. Over 2,000 undergraduate and post-graduate students enroll every year, with over 400 students in the Russian / University intensive preparation programs.

Scientific and scholarly cooperation, academic and student exchange are part of university life. Receiving about 2,000 students and academics from abroad, the University sends out about the same number of its own professors, instructors and students to various countries all over the globe. Moscow University houses the UNESCO International Hydrologic School at MSU, the International Research Centre for Biochemical Technology, the International LASER Centre, the Center for International Education , courses and seminars on Russian as a foreign language.

Scientific and scholarly cooperation, academic and student exchange are part of university life. Receiving about 2,000 students and academics from abroad, the University sends out about the same number of its own professors, instructors and students to various countries all over the globe. Moscow University houses the UNESCO International Hydrologic School at MSU, the International Research Centre for Biochemical Technology, the International LASER Centre, the Center for International Education , courses and seminars on Russian as a foreign language.

ADDITIONAL
READING

I.
Read the text.

Moscow
State University

Moscow
State University is the largest university in Russia. It is
previously known as Lomonosov University or MSU. It was founded in
1755 and it also claims
to be the oldest university in Russia. It has the tallest educational
building in the world. The university has some 4,000 teaching staff,
36,000 students and 7,000 postgraduates. Its current
rector is Viktor Sadovnichiy. Since 1940, the university has had the
name in honor of its founder, Mikhail Lomonosov.

The
university has well-established contacts with the most distinguished
universities
in the world, exchange students and lecturers from the leading
universities overseas. There are about 2,000 foreign students
studying at the university.

In
the 18th century the university had three faculties: Philosophy,
Medicine, and Law. Today, the Old Building house is the department of
Oriental studies and the Journalism Faculty. Now the university has
39 faculties and 15 research centers. A number of small faculties
have been opened recently, such as Faculty of Physics and Chemistry
and Higher School of Television. Evening classes are conducted by the
Faculties of Economics, History, Journalism, Philology, Psychology
and Sociology .

The
university includes a number of faculty buildings located in the
centre of Moscow and a number of campuses
abroad in Ukraine, Kazakhstan, and Uzbekistan.

The
university is regarded
as one of Russia’s most prestigious universities and has high entry
requirements
for its prospective students.

Moscow
State University was placed 70th in the world’s top universities
according to the Academic Ranking of World Universities in 2009, and
had a position No. 155 according to the 2010 Times Higher Education
report .

Moscow
State University has educated 8 Nobel laureates, 5 Fields Medal
winners, as well as a number of writers, philosophers and
politicians. The university is the alma
mater
of many famous writers including Anton Chekhov and Ivan Turgenev,
mathematicians and physicists such as Boris Demidovich, Vladimir
Arnold, and Andrey Kolmogorov.

Vocabulary

to
claim –
утверждать

current
– в
настоящее
время

distinguished
–
выдающийся

campuses
–
филиалы

to
be regarded –
считается

entry
requirements –
требования
к
поступлению

alma
mater
–
(лат.) альма матер – «родное» учебное
заведение

II.
Answer
the following questions:

1.
When
was MSU founded?

2.
Mikhail Lomonosov was the founder of MSU, wasn’t he?

3.
Are there any exchange students from different countries in MSU?

4.
Do you agree that MSU is one of the leading universities in the
world?

5.
How many faculties were at the very beginning at MSU?

6.
What famous graduates of MSU do you know?

7.
What interesting information do you know about MSU?

8.
Would you like to be a student of MSU?

III.
Match the following phrases:

Motto …………………………………………….
1755

Established ………………………………………Viktor
Sadovnichiy

Type ……………………………………………..http://www.msu.ru/

Rector
……………………………………………36,000

Students
………………………………………….7,000

Postgraduates…………………………………….urban

Location………………………………………….public

Campus………………………………………….Moscow,
Russia

Website………………………………………….Science
is clear truth and the

education
of
reason
(Наука есть ясное познание истины,

просвещение
разума)

IV.
Work in pairs: tell each other the meaning of these numbers according
to the text.

2010;
1940;
18^th;
7,000;
8;
1755;
2,000;
36,000;
5;
4,000;
70^th;
155.

V.
Give the summary of the text.

Соседние файлы в папке английский

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    Moscow State University (the new building) is located on Sparrow Hills near the Moscow River and is Alma Mater for many Russian students. Founded in 1755, it is the oldest university in Russia and one of the country’s most prestigious and best universities. The new building was completed in 1949–1953. 

   The university’s highest section is 36 floors and 194 metres tall. The building has a star weighing 12 tons at its peak (240 metres). It’s a symbol of Russian science, fundamental high-quality knowledge and an example of Stalinist architecture, embodying the idea of the «happy communist future» by its aspiring monumental and magnificent construction blocks.

     Moscow State University (MSU) is the largest university in Russia with 39 faculties and 15 research centres. The Science Park of Moscow State University has 70 small, innovative companies which conduct research primarily in chemistry, biotechnology, medicine, ecology and development of research equipment.

    There are approximately 9 million books in the university library. It also has its own publishing and cultural centre. Education at MSU is free for many students. The only condition to receive free education is passing entrance exams. However, about 15% of students choose to apply at their own expense. 

    The university is open to international students. It has American, British, French, German, Italian, Chinese and many other international partners. In addition to local branches, MSU also has branches throughout Russia in many other cities as far away as Sevastopol to Vladivostok. There is a special boarding school for over 300 talented children.

   There are many legends about the underground area below MSU. Rumours say that in order to make the whole construction solid and stable because it was built on unsteady soil, engineers dug a deep foundation pit, poured it with liquid nitrogen and installed freezers. The freezers’ shelter is called the third basement and is a secret zone secured by the FSS (Federal System of Safety). So, if the freezers stop, the great building will drift into the Moscow River in just a week. 

     The other myth is that Stalin planned an underground city for the country’s top rulers to survive in after a nuclear explosion, with MSU as the key element. The underground area continues to be a source of many urban legends. People say the city connects areas under the Belarus train station, the Russian State Library, the Kremlin and the Ministry of Defence. To this day, nobody knows how many grains of truth there are in these legends.

    MSU has a wonderful botanical garden with plants from all over the world: Asia, Australia, New Zealand, Japan and a lot of other countries. There is an excellent park with symmetrical alleys and a beautiful open space and sport centres, cafés, a jazz club and various student activities (a choir, a tour club, team games, theatrical performances, etc.). 

     The park has the most popular highest point of Moscow, the Sparrow Hills, from which one may see a breathtaking panorama of Moscow. It is a nice place for a long talk and walk. Feel the spirit of inspiration which fills the air in this magic university land!