Рассказ о брянске на английском языке

Bryansk lies on the banks of the Desna River in the western part of the Russian Federation. The city is the administrative center of Bryansk Oblast. Брянск лежит на берегах реки Десны в западной части Российской Федерации. Город является административным центром Брянской области.

Bryansk was founded around 985. Брянск был основан приблизительно в 985 году.
The total area of Bryansk is 230 square kilometers. The city’s population is approximately 406 thousand inhabitants. Общая площадь Брянска составляет 230 квадратных километров. Население города составляет примерно 406 тысяч жителей.

Bryansk is divided into four districts: Sovietskiy, Fokinskiy, Bezhitskiy and Volodarskiy. Sovietskiy district is in the central part of the city. The district has 3 plants, a market and a department store. Брянск состоит из четырех районов: Советский, Фокинский, Бежицкий и Володарский. Советский район находится в центральности части города. Там расположено 3 завода, рынок и универмаг.

Fokinskiy is the most economically developed district of Bryansk. There are 25 enterprises. Фокинский – наиболее экономически развитый район города Брянска. Там находятся 25 крупных предприятий.

District Volodarskiy is located on the left bank of the Desna River. Володарский район расположен на левом берегу реки Десны.
Bezhitsky district is the most industrialized district of the city. There are factories and the beach. Бежицкий район — промышленно развитый район города. Там расположены комбинаты и пляж.

The Tolstoy Park is the oldest park in the city. It has many wooden sculptures. Самый старый парк города – это Парк-музей им. Толстого. В нем очень много деревянных скульптур.

In Bryansk, it is worth to visit the Bar of Immortality and the Regional Planetarium. В Брянске обязательно стоит посетить Курган Бессмертия и Областной Планетарий.

The transportation system of the city is represented by public, rail and air transport. Транспортная система города Брянск представлена общественным, железнодорожным и воздушным транспортом.

Bryansk Брянск
City[1]
Collage of Bryansk
Flag Coat of arms
Anthem: none[2]
Location of Bryansk
Bryansk Location of Bryansk Bryansk Bryansk (Bryansk Oblast)
Coordinates: 53°14′N 34°22′E / 53.233°N 34.367°ECoordinates: 53°14′N 34°22′E / 53.233°N 34.367°E
Country	Russia
Federal subject	Bryansk Oblast[1]
Founded	985[3] or 1146[4]
Government
• Body	Council of People’s Deputies[5]
• Head[5]	Marina Dbar[6]
Elevation	190 m (620 ft)
Population  (2010 Census)[7]
• Total	415,721
• Estimate  (January 2015)[8]	426,225
• Rank	41st in 2010
Administrative status
• Subordinated to	Bryansky Urban Administrative Okrug (city of oblast significance)[9]
• Capital of	Bryansk Oblast[1], Bryansky Urban Administrative Okrug[9]
Municipal status
• Urban okrug	Bryansk Urban Okrug[10]
• Capital of	Bryansk Urban Okrug[10]
Time zone	UTC+3 (MSK [11])
Postal code(s)[12]	241000–241002, 241004, 241006, 241007, 241010–241025, 241027–241031, 241033, 241035–241041, 241044, 241044, 241047, 241050, 241890, 241899, 241960–241967, 241970, 241980–241983, 241985, 241988, 241991
Dialing code(s)	+7 4832
OKTMO ID	15701000001
City Day	September 17
Website	www.bga32.ru

Bryansk (Russian: Брянск, IPA: [brʲansk]) is a city and the administrative center of Bryansk Oblast, Russia, situated on the River Desna, 379 kilometers (235 mi) southwest of Moscow. Population: 379,152 (2021 Census);^[13] 415,721 (2010 Census);^[7] 431,526 (2002 Census);^[14] 452,160 (1989 Census).^[15]

Geography[edit]

Urban layout[edit]

The location of the settlement was originally associated with navigable river-routes and was located in the area of the Chashin Kurgan, where the fortress walls were erected. For reasons that have not yet been clarified, the city changed its location and by the middle of the 12th century had established itself on the steep slopes of the right bank of the Desna on Pokrovskaya Hill (Russian: Покровская гора). The foundations of the future urban development of the city were laid even earlier, when around the city-fortress in the 17th century after the Time of Troubles of 1598-1613 on the coastal strip at the foot of the Bryansk fortress the posadskaya «Zatinnaya Sloboda» was upset, and on the upper plateau, between Verkhniy Sudok and White Kolodez — the «Streletskaya Sloboda».^[16]

Somewhat earlier behind the posad (the territory between the fortress and the Peter-Pavlovsky monastery), after the annexation of Bryansk to the Moscow state and the organization of the Yamskaya service in 1503, the Yamskaya Sloboda appeared. Zatinnaya Sloboda is located on the site of the ancient «Zhitny Gorod» — a fortified territory of food warehouses and salt storages. Later, the settlement gave way to a cannon yard, on the site of which the Arsenal was located in the 18th century.^[17]

The general plan of the city of Bryansk plan laid the foundations for the development of the city in a regular system designed to streamline the existing buildings for centuries, limit the spontaneous growth of the city, and create a new community center. In the drawing, the territory of the upper plateau was covered with a geometrical grid of quarters formed by streets going down to the Desna and perpendicular to them.^[18]

Three squares were «strung» on two of them: Sobornaya — on the coastal Moskovskaya street, Krasnaya gorodskaya — in the center of the plateau and Shchepnaya market — on the western border of the city (by the entrance to the present-day Dynamo stadium). The plan captures the historical layout. The city is spread out on the right bank of the Desna. It was a picturesque group of different-sized, irregularly shaped quarters. The city center did not stand out in terms of planning, it was defined by a fortress on Pokrovskaya Hill, dominating the city.^[19]

Streets descending from the upper plateau were united into one, following along the bank of the Desna. The city was almost entirely wooden, with the exception of only a few stone (mainly religious) buildings. The street network included all buildings significant at that time. The central quarters were designated for the construction of stone public, commercial and residential buildings. Red (Krasnaya) Square was to be decorated with the buildings of public offices, magistrates and commercial institutions; the market square — built up with handicraft enterprises, smithies and shops.^[20]

The plan as revised in 1802 significantly increased the territory of the city and included in the regular system not only the coastal area and the area between Sudki, but also the Petrovskaya Gora area and Yamskaya Sloboda with Forest Sheds in the north and north-east, the area between the White Kolodez ravine and the Podar River on south; it increased the territory of the central part in the northwest behind the market square. The quarters were enlarged, the streets classified, and squares located on a larger scale to the territory of the city.^[21]

Smolenskaya Street — in common parlance Rozhdestvenskaya Gora (now Sovetskaya Street — Gagarin Boulevard) — is the main highway connecting the upland part with the coastal one. It connects three squares: Cathedral, Red and Sennaya (former Shchepnaya). Two other highways run in the longitudinal direction: Bolshaya Moskovskaya (now Kalinin Street) in the coastal part and Petropavlovskaya-Voskresenskaya Street (now Lenin Avenue), which unites the city in the upland part.^[22]

Petropavlovskaya and Voskresenskaya streets, continuing it, crossing the whole city, at the intersection with Trubchevskaya (now Krasnoarmeyskaya) street ended in a new, fourth square — Khlebnaya (on the site of the modern Partizanskaya Square, there was once a mill on this place). From here there were roads to Trubchevsk and Karachev. All squares were square. At the beginning of the 19th century, out of 867 houses in the city, only 25 were of stone; out of 17 stone churches there were 10. A little more than a dozen buildings built in the second half of the 18th century have survived to this day.^[23]

The unique architectural silhouette of the city, which was formed by the beginning of the 19th century, was skilfully expanded and enlarged by the end of the century. In the center, on the territory of the Spaso-Polikarpov Monastery, the Novopokrovsky Cathedral was erected (1862–1897), which emphasized the planning center of the district town with its scale. On the right flank there was a building of a trade and craft school, built by the architect N. A. Lebedev, which linked the building of the Arsenal plant and the Tikhvin church into a single chain of historical buildings.^[24]

The first isographic depiction of the city is a 1857 panorama from the left bank of the Desna, painted in watercolor by self-taught artist Gabriel Vasilyevich Khludov, a draftsman of the Bryansk Arsenal. In the center of the picture is Pokrovskaya Hill with the stone church of the same name and a bell tower, at the bottom right of the Arsenal building, then the Resurrection, Nikolskaya and Trinity churches, the ensemble of the Peter-Pavlovsky Monastery, and in the foreground — the Ascension Church of the Zaretskaya Sloboda.^[25][26]

It is not definitively known when the first Bryansk fortress appeared as a long-term fortification. The reports of the governor of 1629, and paintings from 1678, 1682, 1685, 1686 testify that the fortress on Pokrovskaya Hill was cut down, like in the old days, from oak logs and consisted of walls with towers. Inventories noted that the fortress was built on a native mountain. The city — «oak, chopped, covered with planks» — included a system of blind and drive-through towers connected by walls, supplemented by embankments and a wooden «standing prison in one log».^{[citation needed]}

The fortress had towers: Spasskaya, Arkhangelskaya, Bezymyannaya, Bushuevskaya, the first and second Voskresensky, Nikolskaya, Pyatnitskaya, Rukavnaya, Sudkovskaya, Prechistenskaya, Rozhdestvenskaya, Georgievskaya, Karachevskaya and Tainichnaya. The fortress of the «old» and «new» cities had a certain number of towers and a different amount of weapons.^{[citation needed]}

The fortress was described at the beginning of the 18th century: «an ancient fortress in the city of Bryansk occupied the top of a small mountain, but with rather steep slopes and, in terms of its position relative to the city located on the right bank of the Desna, constituted a citadel. Its fortified fence was in an irregular quadrangle, at the corners of which there were small ledges. They were joined by a chain retransmission, placed on one of the ledges of a raised area.»^[27]

History[edit]

The first written mention of Bryansk, as Debryansk, dates to 1146 in the Hypatian Codex. The name appears variously as Дъбряньск, Дьбряньск, and in other spellings.^[4] Etymologically, it derives from «дъбръ», a Slavic word for «ditch», «lowland», or «dense woodland»;^[28][29] the area was known for its dense woods, of which very little remains today. Local authorities and archaeologists, however, believe that the town had existed as early as 985^[3] as a fortified settlement on the right bank of the Desna River.

Bryansk remained poorly attested until the 1237–1242 Mongol invasion of Rus’. It was the northernmost of the Severian cities in the possession of the Chernigov Rurikids. After the Mongols murdered Prince Mikhail of Chernigov in 1246 and his capital was destroyed, his son Roman Mikhailovich moved his seat to Bryansk. In 1310, when the Mongols sacked the town again, it belonged to the Principality of Smolensk.

Grand Duke Algirdas of Lithuania acquired Bryansk through inheritance in 1356 and gave it to his son, Dmitry the Elder. Until the end of the century Grand Duke Jogaila of Lithuania, Grand Duke Vytautas of Lithuania, the future Grand Duke Švitrigaila of Lithuania, and Grand Duke Yury of Smolensk contested control of the town.

The Grand Duchy of Moscow conquered Bryansk following the Battle of Vedrosha in 1503. The town was turned into a fortress which played a major role during the Time of Troubles (1598–1613). During the Time of Troubles the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth occupied the town in 1610, and it remained in Polish hands as part of Smolensk Voivodeship until the Truce of Deulino in 1634. In 1709 Tsar Peter the Great incorporated Bryansk into the Kiev Governorate, but Empress Catherine the Great deemed it wise to transfer the town to the newly-formed Oryol Governorate in 1779. She also promulgated the town’s coat of arms (August 1781).

In the 17th and 18th centuries the economy of Bryansk, which had become a regional trading center, was based on the Svenskaya fair (Russian: Свенская ярмарка), the largest in European Russia. The fair took place annually under the auspices of the nearby Svensky Monastery. After the town started to manufacture cannon and ammunition for the Imperial Russian Navy in 1783, Bryansk evolved from a regional market town into an important industrial center for metallurgy and textiles. The city’s population exceeded 30,000 by 1917.^[30] In 1812 Napoleon’s Grande Armée fought the Russians in Bryansk and in Oryol during the French invasion of Russia.

In 1918 the Belarusian People’s Republic claimed Bryansk, but Bolshevik forces took the town in 1919. During World War II the German Wehrmacht captured Bryansk and encircled the Soviet 3rd,13th and 50th armies. The town remained under Axis occupation from October 6, 1941 to September 17, 1943, with the city left heavily damaged by fighting. About 60,000 Soviet partisans were active in and around Bryansk, inflicting heavy losses on the German army. In 1944, soon after its liberation, Bryansk became the administrative center of Bryansk Oblast.

In 2016 the city council approved a new general city plan, which called among others for laying of a new route from Burov Street along the Bolva River to Vokzalnaya Street with the intersection of the railway and Bolva. In the southern direction, it is proposed to extend the road along the Desna to the Fokinsky District to Moskovsky Prospekt, construction of a road from the Black Bridge along the Karachizh ravine with the intersection of Stanke Dimitrova Avenue to Sakharova Street, reconstruction of Sakharova Street to the bypass road and the R120 highway, as well as development of the area of the old airport (area of Gorbatova, Stepnaya streets).^[31]

A large fire was noted at an oil depot on April 25, 2022. Speculation was that it might have been a result of military action during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.^{[32] [33]}

Administrative and municipal status[edit]

Bryansk is the administrative center of the oblast.^[1] Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with three work settlements (Belye Berega, Bolshoye Polpino, and Raditsa-Krylovka), incorporated separately as Bryansky Urban Administrative Okrug—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.^[1] As a municipal division, Bryansky Urban Administrative Okrug is incorporated as Bryansk Urban Okrug.^[10]

Economy[edit]

Today’s Bryansk is an important center for steel and machinery manufacturing, and is home to many large factories. The main industries are machine building, metalworking, chemical, electrical equipment, electronics, wood, textile and food industries, locomotives, diesel engines, freight cars, motor graders, pavers and other road equipment, agricultural equipment, construction materials, and garments.

Transportation[edit]

Since 1868, there is a railway connection between Bryansk and Moscow.^[34] The city has railway stations: Bryansk Orlovsky and Bryansk-Lgovskiy (Bryansk Bryansk -I and -II, respectively), Ordzhonikidzegrad; Street Bus Station and Peresvet Bezhitsa bus station. fourteen kilometres (9 miles) west of the city lies the Bryansk International Airport.

Passenger traffic carried by bus (more than 1,400 cars on 54 permanent urban routes), trolley on 10 regular routes, uses (36 routes), as well as commuter trains and railcars. The cost of public transport (trolley buses) is 16 rubles, and buses, 20 rubles (as of May 2018).

• 

  BTZ-5276-04 trolleybus

• 

  Trolza-5265 low-floor trolleybus

Notable people[edit]

Born in Bryansk[edit]

• The famous poet Fyodor Tyutchev was born in Ovstug family estate,^[35] at that time part of the Oryol Governorate, now part of Bryansk Oblast.
• Russian cosmonaut Viktor Afanasyev
• Shot put athlete Svetlana Krivelyova
• Sculptor and architect Naum Gabo
• Classical pianist Valentina Igoshina
• Chess Grandmaster Ian Nepomniachtchi
• Swimmer Victoria Kaminskaya
• MMA fighter Vitaly Minakov
• Former Russian professional footballer Andrei Grechishko
• Singer Maxim Troshin

Additional[edit]

• Bulgarian communist leader Stanke Dimitrov (Marek) died in an aviation accident near the city.
• The writer Leonid Dobychin spent most of his adult years there.

Climate[edit]

Bryansk has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfb).

Culture and education[edit]

Bryansk has two universities, three theaters, and a technical academy.

Twin towns – sister cities[edit]

Bryansk is twinned with:^[38]

• (Until 2022) Konin, Poland — On March 4, 2022, due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Konin broke the agreement.^[39]

See also[edit]

• Lokot Autonomy

References[edit]

Notes[edit]

Sources[edit]

• Брянский городской Совет народных депутатов. 30 ноября 2005 г. «Устав города Брянска», в ред. Решения №173 от 29 апреля 2015 г. «О внесении изменений и дополнений в Устав города Брянска». Вступил в силу после официального опубликования. Опубликован: «Брянск», №23, 7 декабря 2005 г. (Bryansk City Council of People’s Deputies. November 30, 2005 Charter of the City of Bryansk, as amended by the Decision #173 of April 29, 2015 On Amending and Supplementing the Charter of the City of Bryansk. Effective as of after the official publication.).
• Брянская областная Дума. Закон №13-З от 5 июня 1997 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Брянской области», в ред. Закона №4-З от 5 февраля 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в отдельные законодательные акты Брянской области». Опубликован: «Брянский рабочий», №119, 24 июня 1997 г. (Bryansk Oblast Duma. Law #13-Z of June 5, 1997 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Bryansk Oblast, as amended by the Law #4-Z of February 5, 2014 On Amending Various Legislative Acts of Bryansk Oblast. ).
• Брянская областная Дума. Закон №69-З от 2 ноября 2012 г. «Об образовании городских административных округов, поселковых административных округов, сельских административных округов, установлении границ, наименований и административных центров административных округов в Брянской области». Вступил в силу 1 января 2013 г. Опубликован: Информационный бюллетень «Официальная Брянщина», №16, 6 ноября 2012 г.. (Bryansk Oblast Duma. Law #69-Z of November 2, 2002 On the Establishment of Urban Administrative Okrugs, Settlement Administrative Okrugs, Rural Administrative Okrugs, on Establishing Borders, Names, and Administrative Centers of the Administrative Okrugs of Bryansk Oblast. Effective as of January 1, 2013.).
• Брянская областная Дума. Закон №3-З от 9 марта 2005 г. «О наделении муниципальных образований статусом статусом городского округа, муниципального района, городского поселения, сельского поселения и установлении границ муниципальных образований в Брянской области», в ред. Закона №75-З от 28 сентября 2015 г. «Об изменении статуса населённого пункта посёлок Красный Ятвиж Клетнянского района Брянской области». Вступил в силу через 10 дней после официального опубликования. Опубликован: «Брянская неделя», №13, 8 апреля 2005 г. (Bryansk Oblast Duma. Law #3-Z of March 9, 2005 On Granting the Municipal Formations the Status of Urban Okrug, Municipal District, Urban Settlement, Rural Settlement and on Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations of Bryansk Oblast, as amended by the Law #75-Z of September 28, 2015 On Changing the Status of the Inhabited Locality the Settlement of Krasny Yatvizh in Kletnyansky District of Bryansk Oblast. Effective as of the day which is 10 days after the official publication.).

External links[edit]

• Official website of Bryansk City Administration (in Russian)
• Bryansk Business Directory (in Russian)
• Official website of the Bryansk Council of People’s Deputies (in Russian)
• Educational portal of Bryansk (in Russian)
• The murder of the Jews of Bryansk during World War II, at Yad Vashem website.

History of Bryansk

Foundation of Bryansk

Bryansk is one of the oldest Russian cities. The exact date of its foundation is unknown. Archaeological finds indicate that the Slavic fortified settlement on the right bank of the Desna River, in the territory of present Bryansk, arose in the last quarter of the 10th century.

On this basis, 985 was chosen as an arbitrary year of foundation of the settlement. For the first time it was mentioned in the Hypatian Codex as “Debryansk” in 1146. The initial name of the town is associated with “debri” (“wilds”) surrounding the town — dense and impenetrable forests. Over time, the name was reduced to Dbryansk and then simplified to just Bryansk.

At that time, it was part of the Chernigov Principality. In 1239, the Mongols destroyed Chernihiv, Novgorod-Seversky and other towns of the Chernigov Principality. In 1246, the center of the diocese and the capital of the principality moved to Bryansk, which survived the invasion. In 1356, the Lithuanian prince Algirdas annexed Bryansk to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

In 1500, the town was taken by the troops of Ivan III, a Grand Prince of Moscow, and annexed to the Grand Principality of Moscow. Bryansk became an important fortified town on the southwestern borders of the Moscow state.

More historical facts…

Pictures of Bryansk

Bryansk — Features

Bryansk is located on the western edge of the Central Russian Upland, on both banks of the Desna River. This is one of the few Russian cities which age exceeds 1,000 years. Bryansk consists of four large districts located at some distance from each other and is surrounded by forests, which positively affects the air quality in the city. The City Day of Bryansk is celebrated on September 17.

The climate is temperate continental. Winters are characterized by unstable weather: from severe frosts to prolonged thaws, summers are wet and warm, but extreme heat is rare. The average temperature in January is minus 7.7 degrees Celsius, in July — plus 18.6 degrees Celsius. The best time to travel to Bryansk is from May to September.

Bryansk is a large industrial city. Metalworking is the main industry of the local industry. Chemical, electrical, electronic, woodworking, textile, and food industries are also relatively well developed. More than 1,200 enterprises of Bryansk produce diesel locomotives, freight cars, graders, pavers and other road equipment, agricultural machinery, construction materials, clothing, and other industrial products.

The city is a major railway junction through which railway lines run to Moscow, Kiev, Kharkov, Gomel, Smolensk, Orel, and Vyazma. The Bryansk Airport provides regular flights to Moscow, St. Petersburg, Sochi, Krasnodar. The public transport system of Bryansk includes buses, trolleybuses, trams, and minibuses.

A lot of people come to Bryansk purposefully to improve their health in the local sanatoriums. On the outskirts of Bryansk in the thick of forests there are health camps for children, sanatoriums and recreation centers for everyone.

This city has a number of noteworthy tourist sites: Orthodox churches, memorials in honor of the heroes of the Second World War, museums, and theaters. The Dvina flowing through Bryansk is a picturesque river, which right bank rises above the water surface and the left one is dotted with small sand spits. Most of the sights of Bryansk are located in its historical center on the right bank of the Desna.

Main Attractions of Bryansk

The Mound of Immortality — the main memorial to the fallen in the fight against Nazi Germany during the Second World War. At the top of the mound there is a huge five-pointed star. One of the symbols of Bryansk, it is located in the Park of Culture and Leisure “Solov’i” (“Nightingales”) opened in honor of the millennium of Bryansk. The height of the star made of concrete is 18 meters, the height of the artificial mound is 12 meters.

The mound consists of over 20 thousand tons of soil brought from mass graves from all over the Bryansk region, from other hero cities, as well as from the Bulgarian town of Shipka as a symbol of unity of the Slavic peoples, who suffered during the war. Two granite stairs lead to the top of the mound, where the observation deck is located. From here you can enjoy panoramic views of the Desna River.

Gagarin Boulevard — the only pedestrian street in Bryansk located in the historical center. The length of the street is about 1 km. Its southern part is a wide sloping stairs called “Potemkin Stairs” (by analogy with the famous Potemkin Stairs in Odessa, Ukraine) descending to Slavyanskaya Square on the bank of the Desna River. On the boulevard there is a monument to Yuri Gagarin — the first human in outer space. He visited Bryansk and walked along this street in 1966.

A number of houses on the boulevard were built in the 19th century: the House of Banks and Industry, the Wine Castle, the estate of Dr. Polyansky, and others. The clock installed on the boulevard shows time, the temperature regime, as well as the level of radiation background, since Bryansk Oblast is not so far from Chernobyl, Ukraine.

Alexey Tolstoy Park Museum. This park, founded in 1936, was named after the playwright Alexey Tolstoy, who was born in the Bryansk region. Due to its unique collection of wooden sculptures based on Russian fairy tales, this place is considered the favorite resting place for locals and visitors of the city. Entrance to the park is free and around the clock.

The Bryansk Museum of Local Lore — the main museum of Bryansk Oblast. The archaeological hall illustrates the life of ancient people in the Bryansk region in the Bronze and Iron Ages, the Mesolithic, and Paleolithic. You can also see a wide range of weapons: from Old Russian weapons of the 10th-13th centuries to more modern firearms, cold weapons of the 16th-19th centuries.

There is an exposition about the period of the Second World War, including the partisan movement, which was extremely active in the Bryansk forests. A rather large section is devoted to the flora and fauna of the region. Partizan Square, 6. Opening hours: 10:00-18:00. Day off: Monday.

Pokrovskaya Mountain. You can find two interesting monuments here. The first one is a sculptural group depicting the hero (“bogatyr”) of Peresvet, a participant in the Battle of Kulikovo and the guslar Boyan. The second one is a monument built in honor of the 1000th anniversary of Bryansk in the form of a stele crowned with a female figure with a sickle and hammer. From the top of the mountain you can see a beautiful panorama of Bryansk and the banks of the Desna River.

The Church of the Intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary on Pokrovskaya Mountain. Its bright blue domes with golden crosses are visible from afar along with the stele in honor of the 1000th anniversary of Bryansk. This is the oldest church in Bryansk (1698). Architecturally, the building is a mixture of the traditions of Russian architecture of the 17th century with the techniques of the Naryshkin baroque.

Partizan Square. Its main attraction is the monument to the liberators of Bryansk erected in the 1960s and glorifying the feat of soldiers and partisans of the Bryansk region. The monument consists of a 22-meter obelisk of Victory and sculptural groups located on the sides depicting partisans and soldiers.

The Museum of the Tkachev Brothers. Alexey Tkachev and Sergey Tkachev, famous Russian artists, were born in the Bryansk province. In 1995, the museum in their honor was opened on the territory of a small mansion of the early 20th century. The collection consists of paintings, personal items, documents relating to the life and work of these artists. The museum also offers interesting thematic tours. Kuibysheva Street, 2. Opening hours: 10:00-18:00. Day off: Monday.

The Bryansk Regional Art Museum and Exhibition Center — a small art museum where you can see the works of Russian and Soviet painters of the 19th-20th centuries, icons of the 19th century, sculptures, and works of artisans. Emlyutina Street, 39.

Svensky Monastery — one of the oldest and most famous monasteries in Russia, founded according to some sources in 1288. Most of the buildings belong to the so-called Sloboda baroque, characteristic of the church construction of Ukraine in the 17th century. It is located in the village of Suponevo, a few kilometers south of the city limits.

Partizanskaya Polyana (Partisan Glade) — a memorial complex located about 12 km east of Bryansk in the very place where partisan units met during the Second World War to coordinate and plan further actions against the Germans. The gradually formed sculptural ensemble includes a 20-meter obelisk, marble steles, a museum, an exhibition of military equipment, the Memory Alley, and the Eternal Flame.

Along Prospekt Lenina

Bryansk Literary Museum

• 
  14 Ulitsa Fokina
• 
  10:00 – 17:00. Closed Sundays.

 

  Located inside a 19th-century mansion is the Bryansk Literary Museum which is dedicated to the literary achievements of citizens of Bryansk. Among its exhibitions it includes displays on the literary traditions of ancient Russia and on the 19th century poets Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy and Fyodor Tyutchev, both of whom were born in what is now the Bryansk Region. One hall is even devoted to Aleksey Tolstoy’s most famous character — Kozma Prutkov. The museum also has a… Read more »

Bryansk Museum of Art and Exhibition Centre

• 
  39 Ulitsa Yemlyutina
• 
  10:00 – 18:00. Closed on Mondays and the last Friday of the month.

The Bryansk Museum of Art was established in 1968 when it was decided to separate the regional museum’s art collection so that it could be put on display in a museum devoted solely to art. As well as functioning as an exhibition centre, the museum’s permanent displays contain over 9,000 items. Its exhibitions are dedicated to folk art, Russian paintings from the 19th and 20th centuries, sculptures, icons and glass and ceramic wares.
Read more »

Bryansk State Regional Museum

• 
  Ploschad Partizan
• 
  http://bryansk-museum.ru
• 
  10:00 – 18:00. Closed on Mondays.

  Bryansk has had a regional museum since 1921 but it only moved to the massive monumental building on Ploschad Partizan (Partisan Square) in 1984. Its exhibits on the natural world include the skeleton of a mammoth, geological displays and stuffed animals in dioramas of their national habitats. The history section covers ancient weapons, the role of Bryansk’s citizens in the Battle of Kulikovo Field, the Northern Wars, the Napoleonic War and the Second World War as well as the… Read more »

Fyodor Tyutchev Monument

• 
  next to 18 Prospekt Lenina

 

The renowned poet and diplomat Fyodor Tyutchev was born in 1803 in the village of Ovstug which is located in what is now the Bryansk Region. This monument to him was erected in 2003 to commemorate the 130th anniversary of the death of the great poet. The statue stands opposite to the grand building of the Aleksey Tolstoy Bryansk Regional Theatre.
Read more »

Holy Trinity Eparchial Cathedral

• 
  opposite 63 Prospekt Lenina

 

  Bryansk’s previous eparchial cathedral was destroyed by the communists in 1962 and work on its replacement only started in 2007. In 2011 the cathedral’s bell tower was completed and named Peresvet after the hero of the Battle of Kulikovo Field from Bryansk. There is also a statue of Aleksandr Peresvet on the first tier of the bell tower. Later in 2011 the lower floor of the cathedral was consecrated and services have been held there since the beginning of 2012. Work on the… Read more »

Monument to Internationalist-Soldiers

• 
  outside 1A Ulitsa Griboedova

  Just outside the Yuri Gagarin Bryansk Regional Palace of Child and Youth Creativity is a memorial to internationalist-soldiers, i.e. Soviet and Russian soldiers who died in the Afghan and Chechen Wars. It depicts three soldiers in the midst of battle. One of the soldiers has been injured and is being carried by his two comrades. The pedestal is engraved with names of soldiers from Bryansk who were killed in Afghanistan and Chechnya.
Read more »

Monument to the Liberators of Bryansk

• 
  Ploschad Partizan

  This monument was unveiled on Ploschad Partizan (Partisan Square) in 1966 and dedicated to both the ordinary soldiers from Bryansk and the 60,000 and more partisans who operated from the forests surrounding the city. The central part of the monument has an eternal flame and a victorious soldier holding his machine gun in the air in victory standing in front of a giant plinth which reads «For our Soviet Motherland». To each side of this are additional statues depicting soldiers… Read more »

Resurrection of Christ Cathedral

• 
  opposite 63 Prospekt Lenina

  The Resurrection of Christ Church dates from 1741 when it was built as to be the cathedral of the Voskresensky Convent which was established in the 16th century. Twenty-five years after its construction the cathedral became a parish church as the Voskresensky Convent was dissolved. After the Revolution the church was used by the Orthodox Renovationist Church until 1938 when the cathedral was completely closed. It was restored in 1985 and shortly afterwards returned to the… Read more »

Transfiguration of the Saviour Church on the Graves

• 
  98 Prospekt Lenina

  In Russian the Transfiguration of the Saviour Church is better known as the Spaso-Grobovskaya Church from the Russian word grob meaning grave as it was built on the graves of two bishops. It was built between 1900 and 1904 in the Russian revival style using the funds of a local merchant. In 1929 the church was closed and its black domes were destroyed and its interior damaged. After being used as a morgue and a house of science and technology it was eventually restored in 1985 to… Read more »

Vladimir Lenin Monument

• 
  Ploschad Lenina (in front of 35 Prospekt Lenina)

  On Ploschad Lenina (Lenin Square) around halfway up Prospekt Lenina (Lenin Prospect) is, as is only to be expected, a statue of Vladimir Lenin.  This statue depicts him with one hand in his coat pocket and one hand resting on a stand. The statue was unveiled in 1970 and is eight metres tall including the pedestal. The building behind Lenin is the City Administration and to the left of him is the Administration of the Bryansk Region.
Read more »

Around Pokrovskaya Hill

1000th Anniversary of Bryansk Memorial

• 
  Pokrovskaya Hill, Ulitsa Pokrovskaya

  According to archaeological evidence it is believed that Bryansk dates from 985 meaning that it celebrated its millennium in 1985. The memorial located on Pokrovskaya Hill comprises several parts. The obelisk formed of three tall arches has the figure of a woman holding a hammer and sickle on the top and a statue of a soldier on each arch. In front of the obelisk overlooking the River Desna is a statue of two figures. The man on horseback is Aleksandr Peresvet a monk from Bryansk… Read more »

Gorno-Nikolsky Monastery

• 
  8 Ulitsa Arsenalskaya

 

  The Gorno-Nikolsky Monastery was established in 2002 around St Nicholas’ Church on the Hill, from which it gets its name. St Nicholas’ Church itself dates from 1751 when it was built using the funds of local merchants to replace the ancient wooden church that stood there. Also on the territory of the monastery is the Archbishop’s house which was built in 1870 and includes St Sergius’ Church.
Read more »

Intercession Cathedral

• 
  Pokrovskaya Hill, Ulitsa Pokrovskaya

  The Intercession Cathedral is the oldest surviving religious building in Bryansk having been completed in 1698 using the funds of a local landowner. The cathedral takes the form of a standard five-domed building but with an additional two storey building attached to the side. In 1918 the cathedral was closed and subsequently used as an archive. it was only returned to the Orthodox Church in 1993.
Read more »

In the North of the City

Chernobyl Memorial

• 
  intersection of Ulitsa Duki and Ulista Tretyevo Iyulya

  As a result of the Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster of 1986, the Belgorod Region was mildly contaminated and many people who now live in the region were sent in to liquate the catastrophe and are now suffering from the effects of radiation poisoning. This poignant memorial was unveiled in 2006 on the 20th anniversary of the tragedy and consists of a giant globe with a huge crack running down the centre.
Read more »

City of Military Glory Monument

• 
  Solovi Park, next to 70 Ulitsa Duki

 

In 2010 Bryansk was awarded the title of a City of Military Glory for the heroism of its citizens and partisans during the Second World War and this monument was unveiled in the same year. The monument is the standard City of Military Glory Monument with a granite obelisk with the Russian double-headed eagle on the top. The obelisk is surrounded by four plinths with engravings of scenes from the Battle of Kulikovo Field, the Northern War, the Napoleonic War and finally the… Read more »

Kurgan of Immortality

• 
  Solovi Park, next to 70 Ulitsa Duki

  One of the symbols of Bryansk is the Kurgan of Immortality which is located in the Solovi Park. The 12 metre high kurgan (a Russian burial mound) was created in 1968 to commemorate the citizens of Bryansk who died protecting the freedom and independence of the Motherland during the Second World War. On top of the mound is a giant star decorated with a brightly coloured mosaic.
Read more »

Museum of the Tkachev Brothers

• 
  2 Ulitsa Kuibysheva
• 
  http://tkachov-musey.ru
• 
  10:00 – 18:00. Closed on Mondays and the last Friday of the month.

 

This museum is dedicated to the artwork of brothers Andrey and Sergey Tkachev who were both named Honoured Artists of the USSR and were both born in the Bryansk Region. When the museum was opened in 1995 both brothers donated in total over 500 examples of their work which are now on display here.
Read more »

Petro-Pavlovsky Convent

• 
  14 Ulitsa Kulkova

The Petro-Pavlovsky Convent was founded by Prince Oleg of Bryansk (later canonised as St Oleg of Bryansk) in 1275 as a monastery.  Around half a millennium later it had most of its lands confiscated by Empress Catherine the Great and was finally dissolved in 1830. However, shortly afterwards in 1836, it was reopened as a convent upon the initiative of a group of local merchants. The convent was once again closed in 1923 and its St Elijah the Prophet’s Church was destroyed to make… Read more »

Suponevo

Svensky Uspensky Monastery

• 
  1 Ulitsa Frunze, Suponevo

• Home

  The Svensky Monastery was founded in 1288 by Prince Roman Mikhailovich of Bryansk who dedicated it to the Dormition (‘Uspenie’ in Russian) of the Virgin Mary. According to the legend surrounding the establishment of the monastery, Prince Roman was losing his sight and so sent for a copy of the wonderworking Our Lady of Pechersk Icon from the Kievo-Percherskaya Lavra in Kiev so that he could pray to it. As the party was returning with the icon to Bryansk along the River Desna, the… Read more »

BRYANSK IS…

Bryansk  Guide

(БРЯНСК – ЭТО…, Обзор достопримечательностей Брянска)

Средняя общеобразовательная школа № 12 им. А.И. Виноградова

Брянск, 2015

Compiled by students of the 7b form:

O. Goncharova,  N. Kiryushina, M. Kucherova, A. Landik, M. Medvedeva, M.Novikova, A. Zharikova

Under the direction of English Teacher N.I. Galushko

Составители:

Ученики 7б класса О. Гончарова, А. Жарикова, Н. Кирюшина, М. Кучерова, А. Ландик, М. Медведева, М. Новикова

Под руководством учителя английского языка Н.И. Галушко

Thank to Igor Klimachyov for his assistance in creation of the book

Выражаем благодарность Игорю Климачеву за помощь в создании этой книги

This book may be helpful to the tourists and citizens who want to learn about the city. Moreover, it may be used by the people studying English with the method of Ilia Frank since all the information is given both in English and in Russian.

Эта книга может быть полезна для туристов и жителей, которые хотят узнать о  своем городе.  Кроме того,  книгу могут использовать те, кто изучает английский язык по методу Ильи Франка, так как вся информация приведена  на английском и русском языках.

Contents

Preface……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………5

Bryansk is an ancient city 7

Chashin Kurgan (the First Settelment)9

     Peresvet and Bayan Monument……………………………………………………………………………………………………..…11

     Barrow of Immortality………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………….13

     Chernobyl Victims Monument…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..15

Bryansk is a city of military glory17

Military Glory Monument19

    Partisan Square………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….21

     Monument to Soldiers-drivers ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….23

     Monument to Military Pilots …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….25

     Partisan Glade…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..27

Bryansk is a sacred city……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..….29

      Sven Monastery……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….31

      Church of the Transfiguration above the Graves………………………………………………………………………………33

      Church of the Transfiguration in Bezhitsa……………………………………………………………………………………..…35

      Trinity Cathedral………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………37

Bryansk is a cultural city………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..….39

        Museum of Local Lore………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…41

        A.K.Tolstoy Park-Museum………………………………………………………………………………………………………………43

        Bryansk State Circus……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….45

        Bryansk Drama Theatre………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….47

Оглавление

Предисловие…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………5

Брянск – город древний7

Чашин Курган9

     Памятник Пересвету и Баяну…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..11

     Курган Бессмертия…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..13

     Памятник жертвам Чернобыля………………………………………………………………………………………………….……15

Брянск – город воинской славы17

Стела «Город воинской славы»19

    Площадь партизан………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..….21

     Памятник воинам-водителям…………………………………………………………………………………………………………23

     Памятник военным летчикам…………………………………………………………………………………………………………25

     Партизанская поляна………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………27

Брянск – город духовный…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..29

      Свенский монастырь………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………31

      Спасо-гробовская церковь……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 33

      Храм в честь Преображения Господня………………………………………………………………………………………….35

      Брянский Кафедральный собор…………………………………………………………………………………………………….37

Брянск – город культурный…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….39

        Краеведческий музей…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..41

        Парк-музей имени А.К. Толстого……………………………………………………………………………………………….…43

        Брянский Государственный Цирк…………………………………………………………………………………………………45

        Брянский Театр Драмы…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………47

Preface

Bryansk is a city with a long story and rich cultural tradition. Since its foundations in 985, the city has been developing and growing up. Nowadays Bryansk may offer a great variety of sights to the tourists who visit it.

We do not have a claim on describing of all the sights in the city. We have only chosen some of them to show how different Bryansk is. So every person can find a place of interest for him or her.

The book is divided into four parts such as historical, war-time, sacred and cultural. We hope it will help you to clarify your choice.

Предисловие

Брянск – это город с долгой историей и богатой культурной традицией. С момента его основания в 985 году, город рос и развивался. Сегодня Брянск может предложить огромное разнообразие достопримечательностей         туристам, которые его посещают.

Мы не претендуем на описание всех достопримечательностей города.  Мы решили осветить лишь некоторые из них, чтобы показать читателю, каким разным может быть Брянск. Таким образом, каждый может выбрать себе места по интересам.

Для вашего удобства, книга поделена на четыре главы об истории, Великой Отечественной Войне, православных святынях и культуре. Мы надеемся, что это поможет вам определиться с вашим выбором.

5

Bryansk is an ancient city

Брянск – город древний

The first written mention of Bryansk was in 1146, in the Hypatian Codex, as Debryansk (appears variously as Дъбряньск, Дьбряньск, and in other spellings). Its name is derived from «дъбръ», a Slavic word for «ditch», «lowland», or «dense woodland»; the area was known for its dense woods, of which very little remains today. Local authorities and archaeologists, however, believe that the town had existed as early as 985 as a fortified settlement on the right bank of the Desna River.

Впервые город упоминается в Ипатьевской летописи как «Дьбрянск» под 1146 годом. Название города Брянск произошло от древнерусского слова «Дьбряньскъ», образованного от слова дьбрь. Древнерусское слово дьбрь/дебрь означает «горный склон, ущелье, ров, долина или низина, поросшие густым лесом и кустарником. Точная дата основания Брянска неизвестна. Археологические данные, что город на территории нынешнего Брянска возник в последней четверти X века. Исходя из этих данных, условным годом основания Брянска считают 985.

8

Chashin Kurgan/ Чашин Курган

At the end of X century, during the conquests of the princes of Kiev Svyatoslav and Vladimir in the land of the Northmen and Vyatichi, on the future of the village of castle was built a wooden fortress, now known as the archaeological Chashin mound. Currently Chashin Kurgan considered to be the site of the original founding of the city of Bryansk, which in the thirteenth century was allegedly transferred to 5 km downstream of the Desna — intercession on the mountain. There is also a version on correlation of Chashin Mound with chronicle city Oboloi, accurate location of which is still not installed.

В конце X века, во время завоевательных походов киевских князей Святослава и Владимира в земли северян и вятичей, на территории будущего села Городище была сооружена деревянная крепость, ныне известная как археологический памятник Чашин Курган. В настоящее время Чашин Курган принято считать первоначальным местом основания города Брянска, который в XIII веке якобы был перенесён на 5 км ниже по течению Десны — на Покровскую гору. Также существует версия о соотнесении Чашина Кургана с летописным городом Оболовь, достоверное местонахождение которого доныне не установлено.

9

Peresvet and Bayan Monument/ Памятник Пересвету и Баяну

At the highest point of Bryansk, Intercession mountain, stands the majestic monument, depicting Bayan and Peresvet. It was opened in 1985 and this event was timed to the millennium of Bryansk. And the place to install it is not accidental — Intercession mountain was inhabited already in the XIV century and it is the ancient citadel of the city.

Sculpture depicts Alexander Peresvet, the hero of the Battle of Kulikov, who defeated the Tatar warrior Cheloubey. According to legend, he was a native of Bryansk.

Next to him sits the ancient singer Bayan with the harp, which is also a native of Desna river banks. He inspired martial warriors with his songs.

На самой высокой точке Брянска, Покровской горе, стоит величественный памятник, изображающий Баяна и Пересвета. Его открыли в 1985 году и приурочили это событие к тысячелетию Брянска. Да и место для его установки выбрано не случайно — Покровская гора была заселена уже в XIV веке и является древнейшей цитаделью города.

Скульптурная композиция изображает Александра Пересвета — героя Куликовской битвы, который победил татарского богатыря Челобея. По легенде он был выходцем из Брянска.

Рядом с ним восседает древний певец Баян с гуслями, который так же уроженец Придесенья. Он своими песнями поднимал боевой дух ратных воинов.

11

Barrow of Immortality/ Курган Бессмертия

Barrow of Immortality is a monument to the fallen for their country in the fight against the Nazi invaders, who became one of the symbols of the city of Bryansk. Located in the Soviet district of the city in Central Park of Culture and Rest «Nightingales» (im. 1,000th anniversary of Bryansk).

 It is an artificial earthen embankment as a five-fold of the hill with the total volume of more than 20 thousand cubic meters and a height of 12 meters, which is crowned with 18-meter concrete pylon in the form of a five-pointed star.

Barrow of Immortality was founded May 11, 1967. The sacred land of mass graves in the towns and villages of Bryansk, from the hero cities of the USSR, from the Bulgarian Shipka, was delivered to the barrow . In the ceremony of laying the Barrow attended mothers of soldiers killed during the Great Patriotic War, veterans of war, revolution and Komsomol, Heroes of the Soviet Union, the holder of the Order of Glory, leaders and members of the partisan movement and the underground, the soldiers of the Soviet Army and the youth of the city.

 The construction of the Mound was timed to the 50th anniversary of the October Revolution. At the base of Mound they buried gun barrel with a capsule, which contains a reference to the descendants in 2017 (the year of the 100th anniversary of the October Revolution)

Курган Бессмертия — памятник павшим в борьбе с немецко-фашистскими захватчиками, ставший одним из символов

13

города Брянска. Расположен в Советском районе города, в центральном парке культуры и отдыха «Соловьи» (им. 1000-летия Брянска) .

 Представляет собой искусственную земляную насыпь в виде пятигранного холма общим объёмом свыше 20 тысяч кубических метров и высотой 12 метров, которую венчает 18-метровый бетонный пилон в виде пятиконечной звезды.

 Курган Бессмертия был заложен 11 мая 1967 года. К месту его закладки была доставлена священная земля с братских могил в городах и сёлах Брянщины, из городов-героев СССР,  болгарской Шипки. В торжественной церемонии закладки Кургана приняли участие матери солдат, погибших в годы Великой Отечественной войны, ветераны войны, революции и комсомола, Герои Советского Союза, кавалеры орденов Славы, руководители и участники партизанского движения и подполья, воины Советской Армии и молодёжь города.

Сооружение Кургана было приурочено к 50-летию Октября. В основании Кургана зарыт орудийный ствол с капсулой, в которой содержится обращение к потомкам-брянцам 2017 года (год 100-летия Октябрьской революции)

14

Chernobyl Victims Monument/ Памятник Жертвам Чернобыля

The monument to the victims of the disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear power station installed in Bryansk on April 26, 2006, at 20-th anniversary of the accident. The monument weighing 3.5 tons and a diameter of 5 meters manufactured by the architect Alexander Romaszewski. Bryansk government had announced a competition to design the monument, among which won Romaszewski.
The monument is a shattered globe at night from the inside and bottom illuminated by an orange light near the damaged tree. The platform on which you have the ball, is a triangle resembling the sign «Caution, radiation!». Around the monument planted evergreen trees, which became a symbol of the continuation of life.
The erection of this monument is a tribute to all victims of radiation, to the people who died in the accident and all those whom accident had broken life. Currently in the Bryansk region is home to more than 2,000 people who participated in the liquidation of the accident, more than 500 of whom were disabled, as well as several hundred thousand people who came under the harmful effects of radiation.

Памятник жертвам катастрофы на Чернобыльской атомной станции установлен в Брянске 26 апреля 2006 года, в 20-ю годовщину со дня аварии. Памятник весом 3,5 тонны и диаметром более 5 метров изготовлен по проекту Александра Ромашевского. Брянским правительством был объявлен конкурс на проект памятника, среди которых и победил Ромашевский.
Памятник представляет собой расколотый земной шар, который

15

ночью изнутри и снизу освещается оранжевым светом, рядом с ним поврежденное дерево. Площадка, на которой установлен шар, представляет собой треугольник, напоминающий знак «Осторожно, радиация!». Вокруг памятника высажены вечнозеленые ели, которые стали символом продолжения жизни.
Установка этого памятника — своеобразная дань всем жертвам радиации, людям, погибшим при ликвидации аварии и всем тем, кому авария сломала жизни. В настоящее время в Брянской области проживает более 2000 человек, которые участвовали в ликвидации аварии, более 500 из которых стали инвалидами, а так же несколько сотен тысяч человек, которые попали под пагубное воздействие радиации.

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Bryansk is a city of military glory

Брянск – город воинской славы

During the Great Patriotic War, October 6, 1941, the city was occupied by German troops. In the forests of Bryansk partisan units operated a total of up to 60 thousand people. A significant part of the civilian population was exterminated (mass graves in Forest barn, a concentration camp number 142 in Raditsa).

September 17, 1943 Bryansk was released by the Soviet troops, now this date is celebrated as the Day of the city.

March 25, 2010 by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation Dmitry Medvedev Bryansk awarded the title «City of Military Glory»

Во время Великой Отечественной войны, с 6 октября 1941 года, город был оккупирован немецкими войсками. В лесах Брянщины действовали партизанские отряды общей численностью до 60 тысяч человек. Значительная часть мирного населения была истреблена (массовые захоронения в Лесных Сараях, концлагерь № 142 в Радице).

17 сентября 1943 года Брянск был освобождён советскими войсками, в настоящее время эта дата отмечается как День города.

25 марта 2010 года Указом Президента Российской Федерации Дмитрия Медведева Брянску присвоено почётное звание «Город воинской славы»

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Military Glory Monument/ Стела «Город Воинской Славы»

Granite stele with a height of 7 meters crowned double-headed eagle, a symbol of Russia. On the bas-reliefs around the memorial — the combat history of Bryansk, from Alexander Peresvet. The monument of valor and glory was consecrated by the Bishop of Bryansk and Sevsk Theophylact. Presidential Plenipotentiary envoy to the Central Federal district Georgy Poltavchenko noted the merits of the Bryansk region and in the General history of Russia, especially in the years of the great Patriotic war. Because it is in Bryansk where was born the partisan movement.
The erection of the stele is a prerequisite in obtaining the city the title of military glory. Bryansk one of the first established the memorial.

Гранитная стела высотой семь метров, увенчанная двуглавым орлом, символом России. На барельефав вокруг мемориального комплекса – военная история Брянска, начиная с Александра Пересвета. Памятник доблести и славы освятил епископ Брянский и Севский Феофилакт. Полномочный представитель президента в ЦФО Георгий Полтавченко отметил заслуги Брянска и области в общей истории России, особенно в годы Великой Отечественной войны. Ведь именно на Брянщине зародилось партизанское движение.

Возведение памятной стелы — обязательное условие при получении городом звания воинской славы. Брянск одним из первых установил мемориал.

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Partisan Square/ Площадь Партизан

Partisan square is one of the central squares of the city of Bryansk. Located in the Soviet district of the city, at the T-shaped crossroads formed by adjoining Lenin Avenue to the street Krasnoarmeyskaya.

The projected area, indicating its original name — Khlebnaya — first shown at the 1791 city plan. However, due to the specifics of the relief of Bryansk, this area has long been no demand for the needs of the city, and the actual development of the area began only in the end of the XIX century. Probably by the time the project of Catherine’s time was abandoned , or adjusted, and as a result — on the City plans of the first half of the XX century, the area was not mentioned: in its place on the street Trubchevskaya (now Red Army) there was Broken private development.

The area is returned to the map of the city with the approval of the post-war master plan, which was launched in the 1950s. In the 1960s, around the perimeter of the area to the north and east side were built five-storey brick house, and in 1966 in the center of the square was placed a monument to soldiers and partisans , liberators of Bryansk, which became one of the unofficial symbols of the city. In the early 1980s, the building of Bryansk Statistic center was constructed there, in 1985 — the building of the Regional Museum, and in 2000 built a 12-storey «house of the clock», which is now a local high-altitude dominant.

Пло́щадь Партиза́н — одна из центральных площадей города Брянска. Расположена в Советском районе города, при Т-образном перекрёстке, образованном примыканием проспекта Ленина к улице Красноармейской.

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Проектируемая площадь, с указанием её первоначального названия — Хлебная — впервые показана на городском плане 1791 года. Однако, в связи со спецификой рельефа Брянска, эта местность долгое время оставалась не востребована для нужд города, и фактическая застройка этого района началась только в конце XIX века. Вероятно, к тому времени проект екатерининских времен был забыт или скорректирован, а в результате — на планах города первой половины XX века площадь отсутствует: на её месте по ул. Трубчевской (нынешняя Красноармейская) — сплошная частная застройка.

Площадь возвращается на карту города при утверждении послевоенного генплана, реализация которого началась в 1950-х годах. В 1960-е годы по периметру площади с северной и восточной стороны были возведены пятиэтажные кирпичные дома, а в 1966 году в центре площади установлен памятник воинам и партизанам — освободителям Брянска, ставший одним из неофициальных символов города. В начале 1980-хгодов было сооружено здание Брянскстата, в 1985 году — здание областного краеведческого музея, а в 2000 году построен 12-этажный «дом с часами», ныне являющийся местной высотной доминантой.

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Monument to soldiers-drivers/ Памятник воинам-водителям

In the rain and snowstorm, on-road and off-road, on the front lines and in the rear soldiers drivers performed their duty. During the Great Patriotic War they carried millions of tons of cargo.
In honour of the heroism of soldiers drivers near Bryansk on the highway Orel-Bryansk they erected a monument at the foot of thirty-metre high pylon figure of the soldier-driver. He stands on the steps of the car. Right hand of the warrior is on the wheel, eyes looking forward at the road. This is the first built in the Union monument drivers killed on the roads of war. It is open on 12 September 1968, on the eve of the liberation of the region from the Nazi invaders. The authors of the monument are sculptor, F. Movchan, architect A. A., Hajduczenia. This monument was founded on the money of Bryansk road companies. The place for the monument was not chosen by accident. On this road in the Bryansk came the Soviet soldiers — liberators. On this road, not fearing the enemy bombing, the drivers were taken to the front edge of ammunition, fuel, food, equipment.

A few years later it was renovated. Retaining the former view, the monument was dressed in granite. And on the opposite side of the road on a pedestal trucks of the war years stood up.
Approaching the monument, drivers honking is a tribute, a tribute to the heroism of the soldiers drivers.

В ливень и пургу, по дорогам и бездорожью, на передовых позициях и в тылу свято выполняли свой долг воины-водители. Во время Великой Отечественной войны они перевозили миллионы тонн грузов. В честь подвига воинов-водителей

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недалеко от Брянска на автомагистрали Орел—Брянск воздвигнут памятник: у подножия тридцатиметрового пилона фигура солдата-шофера. Он стоит на подножке автомобиля. Правая рука воина лежит на баранке, взгляд устремлен вперед, на дорогу. Это первый сооруженный в Союзе памятник водителям, павшим на дорогах войны. Открыт он 12 сентября 1968 года, накануне освобождения области от гитлеровско-фашистских захватчиков. Авторы памятника — скульптор Г. Ф. Мовчун, архитектор А. А. Гайдученя. Сооружен памятник на средства брянских автотранспортных организаций и дорожных предприятий. Место для памятника избрано не случайно. По этой дороге в Брянск пришли советские воины – освободители. По этой дороге, не страшась вражеских бомбёжек, водители доставляли на передний край боеприпасы, горючее, продовольствие, снаряжение.

Спустя несколько лет он был реконструирован. Сохранив прежний вид, памятник одели в гранит. А на противоположной стороне дороги на постамент встали грузовые машины военных лет.
Подъезжая к памятнику, водители сигналят — дань уважения, дань памяти подвигу водителей фронтовых дорог.

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Monument to military pilots/ Памятник военным летчикам

In the sky! On the protection of the native land! This main idea is embodied by the author Yu.I. Tarabrin in the monument to famous military pilots.

A moment — and, it seems, the fighter will rapidly fly up in the sky. The moment — and it will pick up speed, dive into the clouds and rush into battle with the enemy.

The monument to the pilots is the memory of Bryansk citizens, who fought in the sky. It is the memory of the Asses of the 3-rd Guards fighter aviation division, received the name of the Bryansk and 313-th short-range bomber aviation division, awarded by the name of Bezhitsa, and the pilots of the 32nd, 64th, 65th Guards regiments.
The monument was erected at the entrance to Bryansk from Smolensk on Krasnoarmeyskaya street.

В небо! На защиту родной земли! — эта главная мысль воплощена автором Ю. И. Тарабриным в монументе прославленным военным летчикам.
Мгновение — и, кажется, истребитель стремительно взлетит в небо. Мгновение — и он наберет скорость. Нырнет в облака и ринется в бой с врагом.

Монумент летчикам — это память о брянцах, сражавшихся в небе. Это память об асах 3-й Гвардейской истребительной авиационной дивизии, получившей наименование Брянской и 313-ой ближнебомбардировочной авиационной дивизии, удостоенной наименования Бежицкой, и о летчиках 32-го, 64-го,

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65-го Гвардейских авиаполков.

Памятник установлен при въезде в Брянск со стороны Смоленска на улице Красноармейской.

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Partisan Glade/ Партизанская Поляна

Partisan Glade, where on the eve of the Nazi occupation, in September 1941, was held a General meeting of the Bryansk city and the Bryansk district partisan detachments, which started from here its military path. Thus, there was raised the banner of the sacred fight for freedom and independence of our Motherland.

The memorial complex Partisan Glade aimed to perpetuate the memory of all members of the partisan movement in Bryansk.

Memorial complex (architect W. N. Towns) was opened in 1969 and is subsequently repeatedly replenished with new object

Партизанская поляна — место, где накануне немецко-фашистской оккупации, в сентябре 1941 года, был проведён общий сбор Брянского городского и Брянского районного партизанских отрядов, начавших отсюда свой боевой путь. Таким образом, здесь «было поднято знамя священной борьбы за свободу и независимость нашей Родины».

Создание мемориального комплекса «Партизанская поляна» ставило своей целью увековечить память обо всех участниках партизанского движения на Брянщине.

Мемориальный комплекс (архитектор В. Н. Городков) был открыт в 1969 году и в последующем неоднократно пополнялся новыми объектами

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Bryansk is a sacred city

Брянск – город духовный

During the history of Bryansk there had been a great number of churches, cathedrals and monasteries. Unfortunately, many of them were destructed by the Soviet Government or transferred to different organizations and institution. However, at the end of the XX century it happened a revival of religion. Churches were given back and restored. Besides, new churches are also built.

Nowadays there are temples of different confessions in Bryansk, for example, catholic and protestant, but, like all the cities of Central Russia, our city stays mostly orthodox.

За время существования Брянска множество церквей, соборов и монастырей было возведено на его территории. К великому несчастью, многие из них были разрушены советской властью или переданы под различные организации и учреждения. Однако в конце   XX века произошел подъем религиозных ценностей. Храмы были возвращены и восстановлены. Строят и новые церкви.

В наши дни в Брянске существуют храмы разных конфессий, например, католические и протестантские, но, подобно всем городам Центральной России,   наш город остается приемущественно православным.

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Sven Monastery/ Свенский монастырь

The History of Sven monastery is mysterious and shrouded in mystery. It was founded in 1288 on the order of Prince Roman Mikhailovich. According to legend, the prince suddenly began to lose his sight and sent his ambassadors in Kiev to miraculous icon of Our Lady of the Caves. On the way to Bryansk icon disappeared, and after a long search, was found in one of the trees in the Bryansk Forest.

Prince heard about this strange event, with his entourage went to the icon and asked for healing. A miracle happened, Prince sight and ordered to build a monastery on the site.

The name of the monastery gave the river Svin flowing nearby, and the monastery was called beastly (“Svin” means “pig”). Due to the cacophony, it was decided to rename the river in Sven and the monastery, respectively, too.

During the reign of Ivan the Terrible in the monastery were built two stone churches, one of which has survived to our time.

 История Свенского монастыря загадочна и окутана тайной. Он основан в 1288 году по приказу князя Романа Михайловича. По легенде, князь начал внезапно терять зрение и отправил своих послов в Киев за чудотворной иконой Богоматери Печерской. На пути в Брянск икона исчезла, и после долгих поисков была обнаружена на одном из деревьев в брянском лесу.

Князь, узнав об этом странном событии, со свитой отправился к иконе и попросил исцеления. Произошло чудо, князь прозрел и велел возвести на этом месте монастырь.

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Название монастырю дала речка Свинь, протекавшая неподалеку, и монастырь прозвали Свинским. Из-за неблагозвучия было принято решение переименовать речку в Свень, и монастырь, соответственно, тоже.

Во времена правления Ивана Грозного в монастыре были построены две каменные церкви, одна из которых сохранилась до нашего времени.

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Church of the Transfiguration above the Graves/

Спасо-Гробовская церковь

Church of the Transfiguration above the Graves (Spaso-Grobovskaya Church) is an Orthodox church in Bryansk. It was built in 1904 at the expense churchwarden merchant P.S. Mogilevtsev and replaced the standing near the old wooden church. The author of the project was the architect-artist of Bryansk Lebedev, who designed the church in the neo-Russian style. In the annals of the Church of the Saviour Grobovskoy mentioned that the temple was built on the burial site of the bishops of Bryansk Nektarios and Nathanael, so the church is called the Saviour Grobovskoy, or — «the church on the graves.»

In 1929 the church was closed, its upper part was destroyed. Inside the temple were arranged overlap with various cabinets, new windows punched to the ground floor and committed other violations of its architectural design. For a long time in the temple located morgue, then «House of entertaining science and technology.» To celebrate the millennium of the city (1985) church domes were restored. In December 1992, the temple transferred to the Russian Orthodox Church and began operating Jan. 7, 1993. By the Feast of the Transfiguration of the Lord in 1994 the interior of the temple was restored, after which the church was consecrated by Archbishop Bryansk and Sevsk Melchizedek.

Спасо-Гробовска́я церковь (официальное название — храм Спаса Преображения) — православный храм в Брянске. Был построен в 1904 году на средства церковного старосты купца П. С. Могилевцева и заменил собой стоявшую рядом старую

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деревянную церковь. Автором проекта был брянский архитектор-художник Н. А. Лебедев, спроектировавший церковь в неорусском стиле. В летописи Спасо-Гробовской церкви упомянуто, что храм построен на месте захоронения брянских епископов Нектария и Нафанаила, поэтому церковь называется Спасо-Гробовской, или — «церковь, что на владычьих гробах».

В 1929 году церковь была закрыта, её верхняя часть разрушена. Внутри храма были устроены перекрытия с различными кабинетами, пробиты новые окна для первого этажа и допущены другие нарушения ее архитектурного облика. Долгое время в храме располагался морг, затем «Дом занимательной науки и техники». К празднованию тысячелетия города (1985) были восстановлены церковные купола. В декабре 1992 года храм передан Русской православной церкви и начал действовать 7 января 1993 года. К празднику Преображения Господня в 1994 году внутренняя часть храма была отреставрирована, после чего церковь была освящена архиепископом Брянским и Севским Мелхиседеком.

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Church of the Transfiguration in Bezhitsa/

Бежицкий храм Преображения Господня

Transfiguration Church in Bezhitsa was demolished in the 1930s. In 1956 Bezhitsa was merged with Bryansk.

In 1992 in Bezhitsky district of Bryansk was recreated the community of  the church in honor of the Transfiguration.

From 1 January 1994, in renovated and adapted for the church building worship services are conducted.

In July 24, 1994 the construction of a new church was started.

In April 23, 2006 in the new church its first liturgy was made.

In November 15, 2008 the church was consecrated by Bishop Feofilakt.

Forces of a large church community provide missionary work, publish the newspaper.

Преображенский храм в г. Бежица был снесен в 1930-х годах. В 1956 году Бежица была объединена с Брянском.

В 1992 году в Бежицком районе Брянска была воссоздана община храма в честь Преображения Господня.

С 1 января 1994 года в отремонтированном и приспособленном под храм здании начали совершаться богослужения.

24 июля 1994 года начато строительство нового храма.

23 апреля 2006 года в новом храме совершена первая Литургия.

15 ноября 2008 года храм был освящен епископом Феофилактом 35

Силами общины храма ведется большая миссионерская работа, издается газета.

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Trinity Cathedral/ Троицкий Кафедральный Собор

Bryansk is a cultural city

Брянск – город культурный

In spite of being a provincial city, Bryansk can rightfully be named a cultural city. There are three theatres, a concert hall, a circus, historical, literary, arts museums, a lot of parks, monuments, libraries… The citizens commemorate great Russian poet Theodor Tyutchev, writer Alexey Tolstoy, painters brothers Tkachyovs and other famous people native of Bryansk region. We can continue this list infinitely.  We have what to be proud of and we have many places to satisfy our spiritual demands.

Несмотря на то, что Брянск – это провинциальный город, он по праву может быть назван культурным. У нас есть три театра, концертный зал, цирк, исторические, литературные и художественные музеи, много парков, памятников, библиотек… Жители города почитают великого русского поэта Федора Ивановича Тютчева, писателя Алексея Константиновича Толстого, художников братьев Ткачевых и других знаменитых уроженцев Брянского края. Мы можем продолжать этот список бесконечно. Нам есть, чем гордиться, и есть, где насытить жажду культурного обогащения.

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Bryansk Museum of Local Lore/

 Брянский краеведческий музей

Bryansk provincial museum was open for visit in September, 1921 by his founder and the first director S. S. Deyev. Since 1933 the museum got the status of the local history. During the Great Patriotic War exhibits, materials and library of the museum (more than 8 thousand volumes of historical literature) were lost. In five next years collections were created anew.

Since 1980 the Bryansk State joint museum of local lore heads merger of the museums of area which consist of 17 branches (12 local history, 3 military and historical, 2 literary and memorial).

In 1984 the three-stored building for the museum of 2500 m is built.

Since January 1, 2011 the museum began to be called as Bryansk state museum of local lore.

Брянский губернский музей был открыт для посещения в сентябре 1921 года его создателем и первым директором С. С. Деевым. С 1933 года музей приобрёл статус краеведческого. Во время Великой Отечественной войны экспонаты, материалы и библиотека музея (более 8 тысяч томов исторической литературы) были утрачены. За пять последующих лет коллекции были сформированы заново.

С 1980 года Брянский Государственный объединенный краеведческий музей возглавляет объединение музеев области, в состав которого входят 17 филиалов (12 краеведческих, 3 военно-исторических, 2 литературно-

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мемориальных).

В 1984 году построено трёхэтажное здание для музея площадью 2500 м².

С 1 января 2011 г. музей стал называться Брянским государственным краеведческим музеем.

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A.K. Tolstoy Park-Museum/ Парк-музей А.К. Толстого

Park museum of A. K. Tolstoy is one of the oldest parks of the city of Bryansk. Small on the area (2,9 hectares), it is located in historic center of the city. Bears a name of the famous Russian writer and playwright Alexey Konstantinovich Tolstoy.

Thanks to a unique collection of wooden sculptures, it is not only the vacation spot, but also one of the major city sights; it is actively visited by inhabitants and city visitors.

The territory which is nowadays occupied by park was included into city line in the XVIII century and was originally taken away under a city cemetery. In 1827 — 1831, instead of former wooden cemeterial church, stone Church of the Nativity of the Virgin was constructed here.

In 1927 the cemetery was closed, and the church is transferred to Gubzdravotdel (Provincial Department of Health Care)  for re-equipment under a mortuary ).

In 1933-1934 the territory of the former cemetery was freed from graves and gravestones], and then arranged well in the spirit of that time and on May 2, 1936 is open as the central city park.

Since 1958 V. D. Dinaburgsky thanks to whom the park got present unique shape became the director of park. In 1960 young amateur sculptors Igor Zhdanov and Victor Mikhaylov created in park the first wooden sculpture from a trunk of the dead of a tree. In 1960 in park the Russia’s first bronze bust of the writer, count A. K. Tolstoy (the sculptor G. P. Penzev was established; it is reinstalled in 2008), and on August 16, 1967, in connection with A. K. Tolstoy’s 150 anniversary, the name of this writer

Парк-музей имени А. К. Толсто́го — один из старейших парков города Брянска. Небольшой по площади (2,9 га), расположен в историческом центре города. Носит имя известного русского писателя и драматурга Алексея Константиновича Толстого.

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Благодаря уникальной коллекции деревянных скульптур, является не только местом отдыха, но и одной из важнейших городских достопримечательностей; активно посещается жителями и гостями города.

Территория, ныне занимаемая парком, вошла в городскую черту в XVIII веке и первоначально была отведена под городское кладбище. В 1827—1831 гг., взамен прежней деревянной кладбищенской церкви, здесь был построен каменный храм Рождества Богородицы.

В 1927 году кладбище было закрыто, а церковь передана Губздравотделу для переоборудования под морг.

В 1933-1934 годах территория бывшего кладбища была освобождена от могил и надгробий, а затем благоустроена в духе того времени и 2 мая 1936 года открыта как центральный городской парк.

С 1958 года директором парка стал В. Д. Динабургский, благодаря которому парк приобрёл нынешний неповторимый облик. В 1960 году молодые самодеятельные скульпторы Игорь Жданов и Виктор Михайлов создали в парке первую деревянную скульптуру из ствола погибшего дерева.

В 1960 году в парке был установлен первый в России бронзовый бюст писателя, графа А. К. Толстого (скульптор Г. П. Пензев; переустановлен в 2008), а 16 августа 1967 года, в связи со 150-летием А. К. Толстого, парку было официально присвоено имя этого писателя.

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