Рассказ о системе образования в россии на английском

Сочинение на тему “Образование в России” на английском языке с переводом на русский язык
Education in Russia	Образование в России
Education is a significant part of the life. There are many kinds of education: it can be self-education, school education, higher education and so on. Anyway, every kind of education gives us much experience and much knowledge which are connected not only with particular science or scientific field but also with our understanding of the world and of the people’s relationships.	Образование является важной частью жизни. Существует много видов образования: самообразование, школьное образование, высшее образование и т.д. В любом случае, каждый вид образования дает нам много опыта и много знаний, которые связаны не только с конкретной наукой или научной областью, но и с нашим пониманием мира и отношений между людьми.
The system of education varies from country to country. What is the system of education in Russia? First of all, it is divided into several groups: general education, further education and supplementary education.	Система образования в каждой стране разная. Какая система образования в России? Прежде всего, образование разделено на несколько групп: общее образование, высшее образование и дополнительное образование.
General education aimed to develop the personal qualities, basic knowledge and skills is divided into four groups: preschool education, elementary education, basic general education and secondary general education. Children who are from the age of two months to the age of seven years can go to preschool institutes. Then children who are from the age of six years and a half to the age of eight years begin to go to elementary school. It is a compulsory step of general education and it lasts four years. The following stage of education – basic general education – lasts five years. After that pupils can have secondary general education which lasts two years or go to institutions of tertiary education.	Общее образование, направленное на развитие личных качеств, базовых знаний и навыков, подразделяется на четыре группы: дошкольное, начальное, основное общее и среднее общее. Дети, которые в возрасте от двух месяцев до семи лет могут поступить в дошкольные учреждения. Затем дети, которые в возрасте от шести с половиной до восьми лет, начинают ходить в начальную школу. Это обязательный шаг общего образования, и он длится четыре года. Следующий этап обучения – основное общее образование – длится пять лет. После этого ученики могут получить среднее общее образование, которое длится два года, или поступать в учреждения среднего и высшего образования.
Further education includes tertiary education, bachelor’s degree, specialist degree, master’s degree and postgraduate degree. Also it is possible both for children and adults to have the supplementary education.	Высшее образование включает среднее профессиоанльное образование, бакалавриат, специалитет, магистратуру и аспирантуру. Также возможно как для детей, так и для взрослых, получить дополнительное образование.

Словарь

• exception [ɪkˈsepſ(ə)n] — исключение;
• compulsory [kəmˈpʌlsərɪ] — обязательно;
• skill [skɪl] — мастерство;
• to depend [dɪˈpend] — зависить;
• mandatory [ˈmændətərɪ] — обязательный;

Education is an important part of modern life.

Originally Russian education starts from the early age. Children can start going to kindergarten from the age of two, but this is not a compulsory education. It depends on parents’ decision and child’s wish to attend this institution. 

In the Russian Federation the school education is compulsory. Pupils start going to school from the age of seven and till 16.

Mandatory education in Russia is presented by three types of schools: primary, secondary and high.

The primary school teaches its pupils elementary skills, such as reading, writing, counting. Many schools also offer foreign languages or some other special disciplines at this age.

The most important period is the secondary school, which starts from the 4th or 5th grade, depending on school. This is the time when children start learning Biology, Geography, Chemistry, Physics, Computing, and many other new subjects.

At the 9th grade children face a very important period in their life. They have to choose whether to continue school education, or to leave for other types of educational institutions, such as college, specialized schools and else. If the pupil decides to continue studying in high school, which lasts for two years, he can enter the university after school graduation.

Of course, it’s only the general pattern of education in Russia, but there can also be some exceptions nowadays. For example, there are lots of special schools, where they pay attention only to particular subjects. Also, apart from state schools, there are a number of private schools, where education is not free of charge.

When they complete high grades they can either continue to study at school for more 2 years, or go to a professional school where they study not only main subjects, but are able to learn some profession. When school pupils leave school they can try to continue their educaton in institutes or universities.

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Education in Russia is a set of study programs which are compiled in accordance with the regulations on the state standard of education.  However, the system of education in Russia has its special features which we are going to look closer at in this article.  

Education in Russia includes several stages:

• Pre-school education
• General secondary education
• Vocational education
• Higher education

Pre-school Education

Pre-school education is a first stage in the system of education which is represented by crèches and kindergartens, less frequently by other educational institutions which look after children and provide education according to pre-school education program.  Every parent is ensured with a possibility to send their child to one of these institutions.

Children can start going to crèches when they are 1-year old, and they can stay there until when they are 3 years old. After that, they go to kindergartens.  Children complete their education at kindergartens at the age of 6 or 7. In Russia pre-school education is not compulsory, so parents decide if their children will attend a crèche or a kindergarten or they won’t.

Recently there also appeared pre-schools where children can go at the age of 5. There children learn basic reading and writing skills.

General Secondary Education

According to the law of the Russian Federation, general secondary education includes:

• Primary general secondary education (from 6 to 10 years of age, 1-4 grades)
• Basic general secondary education (from 10 to 15 years of age, 5-9 grades)
• Complete general secondary education (from 15 to 17years of age, 10-11 grades)

When a child turns 6 years old, he/she starts obtaining primary general education. Children can go to a school, gymnasium, or lyceum. Gymnasiums and lyceums are different from schools as they provide advanced training, or they introduce additional study subjects which will be useful for the students who are planning to enter higher educational institutions.

After completing primary secondary education, children at the age of 10 undergo basic general education. It lasts for 5 years.  After grade 9 students receive certificate of general education which allows them to continue their education at grade 10 at school, gymnasium, or lyceum.

Complete general secondary education is the last stage of general education which lasts for 2 years. Then, at grade 11 students take examinations and receive certificates of complete general secondary education.

Vocational Education

After school children in Russia have a wide choice of educational institutions where they can obtain vocational education, whose aim is to train qualified workers.

After graduating grade 9 or 11, children can enter a technical school or college. There is one feature: if children enter a college or technical school after grade 11, their training will take shorter time, as they have already completed a program of general secondary education at grades 10 and 11.

In what way a college is different from a technical school?

The level of education at college is considered to be higher than at technical school, as the system of education there is similar to higher education.  Technical schools are more specific, and the level of education there is considered to be basic.

Higher Education

In Russia, there is a 3-level higher education:

• Baccalaureate (4years)

This is a complete higher education. Students who have graduated general secondary school, or those who obtained vocational education can get admitted to bachelor’s course. After completing a bachelor’s program, graduates receive a diploma with their qualification.

• Specialist (5 years)

Unlike bachelor’s program, after graduating the specialist program, a graduate obtains a specialist diploma.

• Magistr (6 years)

Master’s program is a second level of higher education. Only students who already hold bachelor’s or specialist’s degrees can do master’s program.  Doing a master’s program, you can expand your knowledge and improve your qualification in the profession you have already chosen.

Higher education is a final stage of education in Russia. According to the law of the Russian Federation institutes, universities, and academies are recognized as institutions of higher education.

Institute trains specialists in one sphere, for example, economics, psychology, or medicine. It is its peculiar feature.

University offers a wide range of specialties. At university, you can undergo training in various areas.

Academy, in turn, differs with its narrower set of specialties for one particular industry, for example, agricultural academy, mining academy, economic academy, etc.

There is also an incomplete higher education.  Students study at least for two years, although they were not able to complete the full course.

In conclusion, we would like to mention that the system of education in Russia is organized in the way so any citizen of Russia who has a desire to study is provided with this opportunity.  After all, if a person has certain knowledge, they can choose a school and a sphere that are really interested in.

| Янв 13, 2016 | Английские темы, топики, сочинения |

Учим английские топики на разные темы. В этом уроке разбираем разговорную тему (сочинение) по английскому языку «Education in Russia — Образование в России.» Английский текст с переводом на русский.

Топик (сочинение) по английскому языку на тему Education in Russia — Образование в России

Education plays a very important role in our life. It is one of the most valuable possessions a man can get in his life.

The literacy rate in Russia is almost 100%. Half of Russia’s adults has at least college education. So Russia has the highest college-level education in the world.

Russia has pre-school educational system. About 2/3 of children aged 5 attend kindergartens. Since the age of 6 or 7 children attend school. Eleven-year secondary education in Russia is compulsory. School term has 3 stages: elementary (grades 1-4), middle (grades 5-9) and senior (grades 10-11) classes.

Before 1990 the course of school training was 10-years, but since 1990 school study lasts for 11 years. Education in state schools is free. Male and female students have equal rights in all stages of education.

The school year starts in September 1 and finishes in May. It is divided into four terms. Study programme in schools is fixed. It means that schoolchildren can’t choose subjects they want to study.

When children finish school, they have to pass the Unified state examination (USE). It’s the set of standardised tests.

University level of education in Russia is high. The country inherited a system of high level of education from the Soviet Union.

A student can continue his/her education in colleges and universities.

Education in Russia	Образование в России
Education plays a very important role in our life. It is one of the most valuable possessions a man can get in his life.	Образование играет очень важную роль в нашей жизни. Это одна из самых ценных вещей, которую человек может получить в своей жизни.
The literacy rate in Russia is almost 100%. Half of Russia’s adults has at least college education. So Russia has the highest college-level education in the world.	Уровень грамотности в России практически 100%. Половина взрослого населения имеет как минимум профессиональное образование. Так что Россия имеет самый высокий уровень среднего профессионального образования в мире.
Russia has pre-school educational system. About 2/3 of children aged 5 attend kindergartens. Since the age of 6 or 7 children attend school. Eleven-year secondary education in Russia is compulsory. School term has 3 stages: elementary (grades 1-4), middle (grades 5-9) and senior (grades 10-11) classes.	Россия имеет систему дошкольного образования. Около 2/3 детей 5-летнего возраста посещают детские сады. С возраста 6-7 лет дети посещают школу. В России обязательное 11-летнее школьное образование. Школа делится на 3 ступени: начальная (1-4 класс), средняя (5-9 класс), полная (10-11 классы).
Before 1990 the course of school training was 10-years, but since 1990 school study lasts for 11 years. Education in state schools is free. Male and female students have equal rights in all stages of education.	До 1990 года длительность школьного образования составляла 10 лет, но с 1990 школа длится 11 лет. Образование в государственных школах бесплатное. Учащиеся мужского и женского пола имеют равные права на всех стадиях образования.
The school year starts in September 1 and finishes in May. It is divided into four terms. Study programme in schools is fixed. It means that schoolchildren can’t choose subjects they want to study.	Школьный год начинается 1 сентября и заканчивается в мае. Он делится на 4 четверти. Школьная программа единая для всех. Это значит, что школьники не могут выбирать, какие предметы учить.
When children finish school, they have to pass the Unified state examination (USE). It’s the set of standardised tests.	Когда дети заканчивают школу, они  должны пройти Единый государственный экзамен (ЕГЭ). Они представлены в виде стандартизированных тестов.
University level of education in Russia is high. The country inherited a system of high level of education from the Soviet Union.A student can continue his/her education in colleges and universities.	Уровень высшего образования в России высокий. Эта страна унаследовала систему полного образования от Советского Союза.Студент может продолжить образование в разного рода колледжах и университетах.

Английские темы, топики, сочинения для школьников и студентов

Образование в России

The Russian children usually start to go to school when they are seven years old. First the children learn at the elementary school. They visit the elementary school for four years. The children get there the elementary education. It means they learn to count, to read and to write. In the most schools the children also learn a foreign language beginning from the second form.

Русские дети обычно начинают ходить в школу, когда им исполняется семь лет. Сначала дети учатся в начальной школе. Начальную школу они посещают в течение четырех лет. Там они получают начальное образование. Это значит, что они учатся считать, читать и писать. В большинстве школ дети также начинают изучать иностранный язык, начиная со второго класса.

The fifth form means the beginning of the secondary education. The children learn different subjects, for example Biology, Literature, Chemistry, Physics, Informatics. In Russia the nine-year basic incomplete secondary education is compulsory. After that the children have to decide what they will do from now forth. On the one hand, they can continue their schooling and get the complete eleven-year secondary education. On the other hand, they can enter a college giving them the complete secondary education and trade training. After graduating from college the young people became financially independent and can start to work.

Пятый класс означает начало получения среднего образования. Дети изучают различные предметы, например, биологию, литературу, химию, физику, информатику. В России обязательным является девятилетнее незаконченное среднее образование. После этого дети должны решить, что они будут делать в дальнейшем. С одной стороны, они могут продолжить свою учебу в школе и получить одиннадцатилетнее законченное среднее образование. С другой стороны, они могут поступить в какой-либо колледж, который даст им и законченное среднее образование, и обучение по специальности. После окончания колледжа молодые люди становятся независимыми в финансовом отношении и могут начинать работать.

Currently there are different types of schools in Russia. The children and their parents can choose a regular school, a school with advanced study of some subject, a private school. Private schools in Russia are always fee-paying.

В настоящее время в России существуют разные типы школ. Дети и их родители могут выбрать общеобразовательную школу, школу с углубленным изучением какого-либо предмета, частную школу. Частные школы в России всегда платные.

After graduating from school or college our young people can enter universities or institutes, where they get higher education.

После окончания школы или колледжа молодые люди могут поступать в университеты или институты, где они получают высшее образование.

Public Education in Russia from Peter I to the Present
by Renee Stillings Государственное образование в России со времен Петра I до наших дней

(Перевод Т. Синицыной) Education in Russia has traditionally been a very important part of life. Mass education there took root with Peter the Great in the beginning of the 18th century. As his first act as tsar, he departed (to depart — отправляться; уходить; уезжать (куда-л.); покидать (что-л.)) Russia to study abroad in Germany and Holland. When he returned, he placed great emphasis in establishing modern education systems in Russia as he had seen in those countries. Образование в России традиционно является очень важной частью жизни. Массовое образование внедрилось Петром Великим в начале XVIII века. Первое, что он сделал как царь – уехал из России для обучения за рубежом в Германии и Голландии. Когда он вернулся, то много внимания уделил созданию современной системы образования в России, такой, как видел в тех странах. Under Peter’s system, secondary education (среднее образование) took place in gymnasia, which were later divided into boys and girls schools. Students attended the gymnasium for 10 to 12 years. Initially, only those in high social circles could afford to send their children to these schools. Later, in the late 18th, early 19th centuries, schools began to open to the general public (широкая публика, общественность). Согласно системе Петра I, среднее образование получали в гимназиях, которые впоследствии были разделены на школы для мальчиков и девочек. Школьники учились в гимназии в течение 10 – 12 лет. Изначально, отправить своих детей в эти школы могли позволить себе только те, кто находился в высоких социальных кругах. Позже, в конце XVIII – начале XIX веков, школы начали открывать для широкой публики. Starting from the middle of the 18th century, higher education as a system started with the foundation of universities in Moscow and St. Petersburg. The system was modeled after that of the Germans: it was open to secondary school graduates and took five years to complete. Upon completion, a «Diploma of Higher Education» in a specialized area was granted. Since then, the system itself has not changed much. Начиная с середины XVIII-го века, высшее образование как система началось с основания университетов в Москве и Санкт-Петербурге. Система была смоделирована по немецкому образцу: высшее образование было доступно для выпускников средних школ, срок обучения – пять лет. После окончания обучения выдается «Диплом о высшем образовании» в специализированной области. С тех пор, сама система не изменилась. The Soviets (население / правительство Советского Союза) greatly expanded the public schools, so that (at least theoretically) the entire population had access to secondary education. They also built many universities and institutes, particularly scientific and diplomatic training centers. Many of these insititutions are still highly prestigious and, within Russia, the pursuit of higher education was and, to a large extent, still is considered to be very prestigious. More than 50% of Russians have received higher education of some sort. Правительство Советского Союза значительно увеличило количество государственных школ, так что (по крайней мере, теоретически) все население имело доступ к среднему образованию. Они также построили много университетов и институтов, в частности, научных и дипломатических учебных центров. Многие из этих институтов по-прежнему являются очень престижными; в России стремление к высшему образованию, в значительной степени, по-прежнему считается очень престижным. Более 50% россиян получили то или иное высшее образование. As the world becomes more global, so has education in Russia. In order to more closely correspond with educational systems in the USA in Europe, the Russian system has begun to change. Now, many institutions offer Bachelor’s degrees with a four-year program and a Master’s degree with a two-year program. The transition, however, is still under way, and some departments operate on the modern system, and others on the old five-year system, which bestowed (bestowes) the title of «Specialist.» The Bologna Process is also influencing the development of education in Russia. Мир становится все более глобальным, это же относится и к образованию в России. Для того, чтобы более тесно соотносится с системами образования в США, в Европе, система образования России стала меняться. Сейчас многие учебные заведения предлагают степень бакалавра с четырехлетней программой и степень магистра с двухлетней программой. Переход, однако, все еще в разработке, и некоторые факультеты работают по современной системе, а другие по старой пятилетней системе, которые присваивают звание «специалист». Болонский процесс также оказывает влияние на развитие образования в России. After completing higher education (высшее образование), one may pursue additional postgraduate studies (aspirantura in Russian), for another three years. After one’s thesis is written and successfully defended, the “Candidate of Science” or Kandidat nauk degree is awarded. This has been deemed equivalent to the Ph.D. degree of the American system. После завершения высшего образования, можно дополнительно поступать в аспирантуру и учиться еще в течение еще трех лет. После того, как написана диссертация и успешно защищена, присуждается степень кандидата наук. Это приравнивается к степени Ph.D. американской системы. However, the Russian system also offers a degree higher than the Ph.D. equivalent “Candidate of Science.” It is known as the “Doctor of Science” or Doktor nauk degree. This process, known as doctorantura in Russian, takes three more years. After defending a doctoral thesis, the Doctor of Science degree is awarded. Тем не менее, российская система образования также предлагает степень выше «кандидата наук», эквивалентной Ph.D. Эта степень называется «доктор наук». Процесс обучения, известный как докторантура на русском языке, занимает три года. После защиты докторской диссертации, присуждается степень доктора наук. Taken as a whole, the Russian system of higher education is one whose reputation has survived many governmental forms, and international and financial crises. Russian degrees are recognized and respected the world over. В целом, русская система высшего образования является системой, репутация которой пережила многие государственные формы, а также международные и финансовые кризисы. Русские степени признаются и уважаются во всем мире.