Рассказ про астрахань на английском

Astrakhan — the administrative center of the Astrakhan Oblast. — Астрахань — административный центр Астраханской области.

Astrakhan is founded in 1558. — Астрахань основана в 1558 году.
The population of Astrakhan is more than 530 000. — Население Астрахани составляет более 530 000 человек.

The oldest economic and cultural center of Lower Volga area and Prikaspiya. — Старейший экономический и культурный центр Нижнего Поволжья и Прикаспия.

Astrakhan stands on the Volga River. — Астрахань стоит на реке Волге.
In Astrakhan it is possible to visit many interesting museums, monuments and other sights. — В Астрахани можно посетить много интересных музеев, памятников и других достопримечательностей.

Диалог об Астрахани на английском языке

—Astrakhan is considered the multicultural city, isnt it? — Астрахань считается мультикультурным городом, не так ли?
—Yes, representatives more than 100 nationalities, 14 religious faiths live in Astrakhan, 17 societies of national cultures work. — Да, в Астрахани проживают представители более 100 национальностей, 14 религиозных конфессий, действуют 17 обществ национальных культур.
—You were in Astrakhan? — Ты был в Астрахани?
—Of course, it is the beautiful city located in the top part of the delta of Volga on 11 islands of Caspian Depression. — Конечно, это красивый город, расположенный в верхней части дельты Волги, на 11 островах Прикаспийской низменности.
—What sights can be visited? — Какие достопримечательности можно посетить?
—There is a lot of them. For example: Astrakhan Kremlin, city embankment, Shed to Bath, Assumption Cathedral, sculpture The Lady with the Dog, musical fountain and others. — Их очень много. Например: Астраханский кремль, городская набережная, Сарай Бату, Успенский кафедральный собор, скульптура “Дама с собачкой”, музыкальный фонтан и другие.
—And in what you recommends to be engaged in Astrakhan? — А чем рекомендуешь заняться в Астрахани?
—Surely visit the market Big Isada. In my opinion, the market is that place where color of the city is concentrated. It is also possible to go on fishing or hunting — fascinating occupation! — Обязательно посети рынок Большие Исады. По моему мнению, рынок — это то место, где сосредоточен колорит города. Так же можно съездить на рыбалку или охоту — увлекательное занятие!

History of Astrakhan

Foundation of Astrakhan

Astrakhan, the oldest city of the Lower Volga region, is included in the list of Russian cities recognized as historically valuable. From ancient times, trade routes of Persians and Arabs passed through this territory.

For the first time Astrakhan was mentioned by historians, scientists, travelers in the 13th century. The town was part of the Golden Horde. It was located about 12 km north of present Astrakhan on the right bank of the Volga River. The town was known by such names as Astarkhan, Ashtarkhan, Hajji Tarkhan.

Hajji Tarkhan played an important role in trade between Asia and Europe. Trade caravans with silk, spices, and other goods passed through the town. In 1395, Astrakhan was captured by the army of Tamerlane and plundered.

It was rebuilt with the formation of the Astrakhan Khanate in 1459. In the first half of the 16th century, Astrakhan, due to its favorable geographical position, began to attract the attention of the Ottoman Empire, the Crimean Khanate, and the Nogai Horde. The Grand Duchy of Moscow was also interested in establishing control over this region.

In 1556, after several campaigns of Russian troops sent by Ivan the Terrible, the Astrakhan Khanate was liquidated, its territory became part of the Russian state. In 1558, a Russian wooden fortress was laid on the left bank of the Volga River.

More historical facts…

Architectural contrasts of Astrakhan

Astrakhan — Features

Astrakhan is located in the southeast of the East European Plain, in the Caspian lowland. The city stretches along the Volga River coast for more than 45 km on 11 islands. Astrakhan is somewhat similar to St. Petersburg — islands connected by a large number of bridges.

The City Day of Astrakhan is celebrated on the third Sunday of September. The Astrakhan Airport offers regular flights to Moscow.

The climate is temperate continental, arid, warm with large annual and summer diurnal amplitudes of air temperature and low rainfall. This type of climate is explained by the geographical position of Astrakhan in the semi-desert zone.

On average, there are 213 sunny days a year in Astrakhan. By the amount of annual precipitation (234 mm), Astrakhan is the largest arid city in Europe. The average temperature in January is minus 3.7 degrees Celsius, in July — plus 25.6 degrees Celsius.

The location of Astrakhan in the delta of the Volga River with rich reserves of natural resources contributes to the development of the fishing, fruit and vegetable, chemical and petrochemical industries, shipbuilding, and tourism.

The shortest routes connecting Europe with the countries of Central Asia, India and Pakistan, and the countries of the Indian Ocean basin pass through the Caspian Sea. The leading positions in the local economy are occupied by the enterprises of the fuel and energy complex (oil and natural gas production), shipbuilding, and the food industry.

Main Attractions of Astrakhan

The Astrakhan Kremlin (1580-1620) is the main historical and architectural attraction of Astrakhan. This picturesque ensemble of monuments of defense architecture, religious, and civil architecture includes 22 objects of the 16th — early 20th centuries. The Cathedral of the Assumption (1699-1710), the largest Orthodox church in Astrakhan, is located on its territory. This is one of the best examples of Russian church architecture of the early 18th century.

The Embankment of Astrakhan is one of the favorite places for walks. Here you can see a number of old buildings, unique fountains and enjoy the views of the Volga — the main river of Russia. The Petrovsky Fountain also known as the Musical Fountain is of the greatest interest. The show takes place every hour and is especially beautiful in the evening when the illumination is turned on.

“Selenskiye Isady” is the most famous market in Astrakhan that has become a popular tourist attraction. Here you can buy mainly processed fish: dried, smoked or caviar. The choice is very wide and a lot of sellers offer to taste their fish products. Prices are relatively high, but you are allowed to bargain — it is a market after all. Pokrovskaya Square, 3?. Opening hours: 08:00-18:00.

If you are interested in ecotourism, then from Astrakhan you can go on an excursion to the Astrakhan State Natural Biosphere Reserve located southeast of the city. Its territory is included in the list of wetlands of international importance. Tsarev River Embankment, 119.

Astrakhan State Picture Gallery named after P. M. Dogadin is the largest art museum in the Astrakhan region. The collection includes works by famous Russian artists of the 18th-20th centuries including the Russian avant-garde. The gallery also has a large collection of West European engravings of the 17th-19th centuries. Saratovskaya Street, 14. Opening hours: 10:00-18:00 (Thursday: 13:00-21:00). Day off: Monday.

House of the Merchant G. V. Tetyushinov (1872) — a unique two-story wooden building used as a museum and cultural center. Kommunisticheskaya Street 26. Opening hours: 10:00-18:00 (Thursday: 13:00-21:00). Day off: Monday.

Cathedral of St. Vladimir (1895-1902) — one of the main Orthodox cathedrals of Astrakhan. It was built in honor of the 900th anniversary of the baptism of Russia, as a monument to this significant historical event. General Yepishev Street, 4.

Saray-Batu is a tourist center dedicated to the history and culture of the Golden Horde Khanate located in the Kharabalinsky district of the Astrakhan region, northwest of Astrakhan, near the village of Selitrennoye, in places where the old capital Saray-Batu used to be (also known as Saray-Al-Mahrusa, Old Saray). It was built as the backdrop for the movie “Horde” in 2011.

Astrakhan State Opera and Ballet Theater. One of the most notable objects in the center of Astrakhan, this huge building, which looks more like a palace, is located near the bus station and railway station. The opera troupe of this theater has a wide repertoire: Russian opera, Italian opera, oratorios, chamber programs. Anri Barbyusa Street, 16.

Astrakhan Historical and Architectural Museum-Reserve — the oldest regional museum in Russia. In total, there are about 300 thousand exhibits: unique natural science collections, archaeological, ethnographic, numismatic, taxidermy collections, and much more. Sovetskaya Street, 15. Opening hours: 10:00-17:00. On Mondays, the museum operates only in a guided tour mode.

The White Mosque (1810) — the oldest mosque in Astrakhan built in the forms of late classicism at the expense of the Tatar merchant David Izmailov. In 2006-2008, the building was restored. Kazanskaya Street, 34.

Astrakhan Астрахань
City[1]
Panoramic view of Astrakhan Kremlin and surroundings Ulitsa V. Trediakovskogo area
Flag Coat of arms
Anthem: Anthem of Astrakhan[2]
Location of Astrakhan
Astrakhan Location of Astrakhan Astrakhan Astrakhan (European Russia) Astrakhan Astrakhan (Caspian Sea) Astrakhan Astrakhan (Russia)
Coordinates: 46°21′00″N 48°02′06″E / 46.35000°N 48.03500°ECoordinates: 46°21′00″N 48°02′06″E / 46.35000°N 48.03500°E
Country	Russia
Federal subject	Astrakhan Oblast[1]
Founded	1558[3]
City status since	1717[3]
Government
• Body	City Duma[4]
• Head[6]	Oleg Polumordvinov[5]
Area [7]
• Total	208.70 km2 (80.58 sq mi)
Elevation	−25 m (−82 ft)
Population  (2010 Census)[8]
• Total	520,339
• Estimate  (2018)[9]	533,925 (+2.6%)
• Rank	33rd in 2010
• Density	2,500/km2 (6,500/sq mi)
Administrative status
• Subordinated to	city of oblast significance of Astrakhan[1]
• Capital of	Astrakhan Oblast[10], city of oblast significance of Astrakhan[1]
Municipal status
• Urban okrug	Astrakhan Urban Okrug[11]
• Capital of	Astrakhan Urban Okrug[11]
Time zone	UTC+4 (MSK+1 [12])
Postal code(s)[13]	414000, 414004, 414006, 414008, 414009, 414011–414019, 414021, 414022, 414024–414026, 414028–414030, 414032, 414038, 414040–414042, 414044–414046, 414050–414052, 414056, 414057, 414700, 414890, 414899, 414950, 414960, 414961, 414999
Dialing code(s)	+7 8512
OKTMO ID	12701000001
City Day	Third Sunday of September[14]
Website	www.astrgorod.ru

Astrakhan (Russian: Астрахань, IPA: [ˈastrəxənʲ]) is the largest city and administrative centre of Astrakhan Oblast in Southern Russia. The city lies on two banks of the Volga, in the upper part of the Volga Delta, on eleven islands of the Caspian Depression, 60 miles (100 km) from the Caspian Sea, with a population of 475,629 residents at the 2021 Census.^[15] At an elevation of 28 meters (92 ft) below sea level, it is the lowest city in Russia.

Astrakhan was formerly the capital of the Khanate of Astrakhan (a remnant of the Golden Horde), and was located on the higher right bank of the Volga, 7 miles (11 km) from the present-day city. Situated on caravan and water routes, it developed from a village into a large trading centre, before being conquered by Timur in 1395 and captured by Ivan the Terrible in 1556. In 1558 it was moved to its present site.

The oldest economic and cultural center of the Lower Volga,^[16] it is often called the southernmost outpost of Russia,^[17] and the Caspian capital.^[18][19] The city is a member of the Eurasian Regional Office of the World Organization «United Cities and Local Governments».^[20] The great ethnic diversity of its population gives a varied character to Astrakhan.

Etymology[edit]

The name is a corruption of Hashtarkhan, itself a corruption of Haji Tarkhan (حاجی‌ ترخان)—a name amply evidenced in the medieval writings. Tarkhan is possibly a Turco-Mongolian title standing for «great khan», or «king», while haji or hajji is a title given to one who has made the Islamic requisite of pilgrimage to Mecca. Together, they denoted «the king who has visited Mecca».

The city has given its name to the particular pelts from young karakul sheep, and in particular to the hats traditionally made from the pelts.

Colloquially, the city is known by the short form Astra. Another popular nickname is The Caspian Capital.

History[edit]

Medieval history[edit]

Astrakhan is in the Volga Delta, which is rich in sturgeon and exotic plants. The fertile area formerly contained the capitals of Khazaria and the Golden Horde. Astrakhan was first mentioned by travelers in the early 13th century as Xacitarxan. Tamerlane burnt it to the ground in 1395 during his war with the Golden Horde. From 1459 to 1556, Xacitarxan was the capital of Astrakhan Khanate. The ruins of this medieval settlement were found by archaeologists 12 km upstream from the modern-day city.

Starting in A.D. 1324, Ibn Battuta, the famous Berber Muslim traveler, began his pilgrimage from his native city of Tangier, present-day Morocco to Mecca. Along the 12,100-kilometer (7,500 mi) trek, which took nearly 29 years, Battuta came in contact with many new cultures, which he writes about in his diaries. One specific country that he passed through on his journey was the Golden Horde ruled by the descendants of Genghis Khan, located on the Volga River in southern Russia; which Battuta refers to as the river Athal. He then claims the Athal is, «one of the greatest rivers in the world». In the winter, the Khan stays in Astrakhan. Due to the cold water, Özbeg Khan ordered the people of Astrakhan to lay many bundles of hay down on the frozen river. He does this to allow the people to travel over the ice. When Battuta and the Khan spoke about Battuta visiting Constantinople, which the Khan granted him permission to do, the Khan then gifted Battuta with fifteen hundred dinars, many horses, and a dress of honor.^[21][22]

In 1556, the khanate was conquered by Ivan the Terrible, who had a new fortress, or kremlin, built on a steep hill overlooking the Volga in 1558. This year is traditionally considered to be the foundation of the modern city.^[3]

In 1569, during the Russo-Turkish War, Astrakhan was besieged by the Ottomans, who had to retreat in disarray. A year later, the Ottoman sultan renounced his claims to Astrakhan, thus opening the entire Volga River to Russian traffic.^{[citation needed]} The Ottoman Empire, though militarily defeated, insisted on safe passage for Muslim pilgrims and traders from Central Asia as well as the destruction of the Russian fort on the Terek River.^[23] In the 17th century, the city was developed as a Russian gate to the Orient. Many merchants from Armenia, Safavid Persia, Mughal India, and Khivan Khanate settled in the town, giving it a cosmopolitan character.

Modern history[edit]

For seventeen months in 1670–1671, Astrakhan was held by Stenka Razin and his Cossacks. Early in the following century, Peter the Great constructed a shipyard here and made Astrakhan the base for his hostilities against Persia, and later in the same century Catherine the Great accorded the city important industrial privileges.^[24]

The city rebelled against the Tsar once again in 1705, when it was held by the Cossacks under Kondraty Bulavin. A Kalmuck khan laid an abortive siege to the kremlin several years before that.

In 1711, it became the seat of a governorate, whose first governors included Artemy Petrovich Volynsky and Vasily Nikitich Tatishchev. Six years later, Astrakhan served as a base for the first Russian venture into Central Asia. In 1702, 1718 and 1767, it suffered severely from fires; in 1719 it was plundered by the Safavid Persians; and in 1830, cholera killed much of the populace.^[24]

Astrakhan’s kremlin was built from the 1580s to the 1620s from bricks taken from the site of Sarai Berke. Its two impressive cathedrals were consecrated in 1700 and 1710, respectively. Built by masters from Yaroslavl, they retain many traditional features of Russian church architecture, while their exterior decoration is definitely baroque.

In March 1919 after a failed workers’ revolt against Bolshevik rule, 3,000 to 5,000 people were executed in less than a week by the Cheka under orders from Sergey Kirov. Some victims had stones tied around their necks and were thrown into the Volga.^[25][26]

During Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941, the A-A line running from Astrakhan to Arkhangelsk was to be the eastern limit of German military operation and occupation. The plan was never carried out, as Germany captured neither the two cities nor Moscow. In the autumn of 1942, the region to the west of Astrakhan became one of the easternmost points in the Soviet Union reached by the invading German Wehrmacht, during Case Blue, the offensive which led to the Battle of Stalingrad. Light armored forces of German Army Group A made brief scouting missions as close as 35 km to Astrakhan before withdrawing. In the same period, elements of both the Luftwaffe’s KG 4 and KG 100 bomber wings attacked Astrakhan, flying several air raids and bombing the city’s oil terminals and harbor installations.

In 1943, Astrakhan was made the seat of a Soviet oblast within the RSFSR. The oblast was retained as a national province of the independent Russian Federation in the 1991 administrative reshuffle after the dismemberment of the Soviet Union.

In the present day, Astrakhan is a large industrial centre of the Volga country, Russia, with a population of 100,000. Starting nearly 400 years ago and continuing to the present day, Astrakhan has been Russia’s main center of fish processing. The market for fish is a large component of the economy in this city.^[27]

Owing to shared Caspian borders, Astrakhan recently has been playing a significant role in the relations between Russia and Azerbaijan. As the latter’s government has been heavily investing into the wellbeing of the city, Astrakhan has recently begun to symbolize the friendship between both countries. In 2010 a bridge was constructed with donations from Azerbaijan, which was named «Bridge of Friendship».^[28] Moreover, Azerbaijani government sponsored secondary school number 11, which carries the name of the national leader Heydar Aliyev, as well as a children’s entertainment center named «Dream».^[29] Apart from that, a park has been built in the center of Astrakhan which is dedicated to friendship between the two countries. In the last 5 years Astrakhan has been visited by top Azerbaijani delegations on several occasions.^{[30][31][32][33]}

After fraud was alleged in the mayoral election of 2012 and the United Russia candidate was declared the winner, organizers of the 2011–2012 Russian protests supported the defeated candidate, Oleg V. Shein of Just Russia, in a hunger strike. Protestors, buoyed by celebrities who support the reform movement, attracted 5,000 people to a rally on April 14.^[34]

Administrative and municipal status[edit]

Astrakhan is the administrative center of the oblast.^[10] Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is incorporated as the city of oblast significance of Astrakhan—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.^[1] As a municipal division, the city of oblast significance of Astrakhan is incorporated as Astrakhan Urban Okrug.^[11]

The city of Astrakhan is further subdivided into four administrative districts: Kirovsky, Leninsky, Sovetsky and Truskovsky.

Demographics[edit]

Religion[edit]

Astrakhan is the archiepiscopal see of one of the metropolitanates and (as Astrakhan and Yenotayevka) eparchies of the Russian Orthodox Church, its only other suffragan being Akhtubinsk.^{[citation needed]} There is also a Catholic community, served by the Church of the Assumption of Mary (Astrakhan).

Population[edit]

According to the results of the 2010 Census, the population of Astrakhan was 520,339.^[8]

At the time of the official 2010 Census, the ethnic makeup of the city’s population was:^[35]

Ethnicity	Population	Percentage
Russians	339,853	77.9%
Tatars	30,432	7.0%
Kazakhs	23,783	5.5%
Azerbaijanis	5,737	1.3%
Armenians	4,195	1.0%
Ukrainians	4,141	0.9%
Nogais	3,777	0.9%
Avars	3,693	0.8%
Lezgins	3,255	0.7%
Romani	2,141	0.5%
Others	11,080	2.5%

Climate[edit]

Astrakhan features a temperate continental «Aralian» semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification: BSk) with cold winters and hot summers. Astrakhan is one of the driest cities in Europe. Rainfall is scarce but relatively evenly distributed throughout the course of the year with, however, more precipitation (58%) in the hot season (six hottest months of the year), which determines the «Aralian» type (as opposed to the «Turkmenon» type, with the wet season during the cold months)^{[36][37][citation needed]}. The below sea-level elevation of Astrakhan influences the climate. Partially a result of this and also being far from the oceans means that summers are much hotter than found further west on similar latitude in Europe and worldwide for 46°N with the notable exception of the interior Pacific Northwest of the United States.

It is this even distribution of rainfall and the relatively low annual temperature that causes the city to fall under this climate category as opposed to an arid climate.

Winters tend to be cold in the city, though by Russian standards, Astrakhan features relatively balmy winters. Summers in the city can be hot, with high temperatures in excess of +40 °C (104 °F). The mean annual temperature amplitude (difference between the mean monthly temperatures of the hottest and coldest months) is thus equal to 29.2 °C (52.6 °F) (+25.6 °C (78.1 °F) in July and −3.6 °C (25.5 °F) in January), so the climate is truly continental (amplitudes superior or equal to 21 °C (38 °F) determines continental climates, while in semi-continental climates amplitudes vary between 18 °C (32 °F) and 21 °C (38 °F)).^{[citation needed]} Spring and fall are basically transitional seasons between summer and winter.

Education[edit]

Astrakhan has five institutions of higher education. Most prominent among these are Astrakhan State Technical University and Astrakhan State University.

Transportation[edit]

The city is served by Narimanovo Airport named after Soviet Azerbaijani politician Nariman Narimanov. It is managed by OAO Aeroport Astrakhan. After its reconstruction and the building of the international sector, opened in February 2011, Narimanovo Airport is one of the most modern regional airports in Russia. There are direct flights between Astrakhan and Aktau, Istanbul, St. Petersburg and Moscow.

There is also an military airbase nearby (Astrakhan (air base)).

Astrakhan is linked by rail to the north (Volgograd and Moscow), the east (Atyrau and Kazakhstan) and the south (Makhachkala and Baku). There are direct trains to Moscow, Volgograd, Saint Petersburg, Baku, Kyiv, Brest and other towns. Intercity and international buses are available as well. Public local transport is mainly provided by buses and minibuses called marshrutkas. Until 2007 there were also trams, and until 2017 trolleybuses.

People[edit]

• Boris Kustodiev, painter
• Joseph Deniker, naturalist and anthropologist
• Ilya Ulyanov, father of Aleksandr Ulyanov and Vladimir Lenin.
• Rinat Dasayev, association football player
• Marziyya Davudova, actress
• Velimir Khlebnikov, poet
• Emiliya Turey, handball player
• Andrei Belyanin, science fiction writer
• Dmitri Dyuzhev, actor
• Maksim Gleykin, former professional football player
• Vasily Trediakovsky, academic, poet, translator
• Tamara Milashkina, soprano
• Valeria Barsova, soprano
• Maria Maksakova, Sr., mezzo-soprano
• Elena Nikitina, skeleton racer
• Yelena Shalamova, rhythmic gymnast
• Natalia Sokolovskaya, pianist and composer

Twin towns and sister cities[edit]

Astrakhan is twinned with:

• Sari, Mazandaran Province, Iran
• Rasht, Gilan Province, Iran ^[40]
• Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
• Fort Lauderdale, United States
• Atyrau, Kazakhstan
• Brest, Belarus
• Grand-Popo, Benin
• Pembroke Pines, United States
• Ljubljana, Slovenia
• Islamabad, Pakistan

See also[edit]

• Astrakhan Jews
• Astrakhan Tatars

References[edit]

Sources[edit]

• Государственная Дума Астраханской области. Закон №67/2006-ОЗ от 4 октября 2006 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Астраханской области», в ред. Закона №46/2017-ОЗ от 5 сентября 2017 г. «О преобразовании муниципальных образований и административно-территориальных единиц «Лебяжинский сельсовет», «Образцово-Травинский сельсовет», «Полдневский сельсовет» и внесении изменений в Закон Астраханской области «Об установлении границ муниципальных образований и наделении их статусом сельского, городского поселения, городского округа, муниципального района» и Закон Астраханской области «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Астраханской области»». Вступил в силу по истечении 10 дней со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: «Сборник законов и нормативных правовых актов Астраханской области», №47, 19 октября 2006 г. (State Duma of Astrakhan Oblast. Law #67/2006-OZ of October 4, 2006 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Astrakhan Oblast, as amended by the Law #46/2017-OZ of September 5, 2017 On the Transformation of the Municipal Formations and the Administrative-Territorial Units of «Lebyazhinsky Selsoviet», «Obraztsovo-Travinsky Selsoviet», «Poldnevsky Selsoviet», and Amending the Law of Astrakhan Oblast «On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations and on Granting Them the Status of Rural, Urban Settlement, Urban Okrug, Municipal District» and the Law of Astrakhan Oblast «On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Astrakhan Oblast». Effective as of after ten days from the day of the official publication have passed.).
• Государственная Дума Астраханской области. Закон №43/2004-ОЗ от 6 августа 2004 г. «Об установлении границ муниципальных образований и наделении их статусом сельского, городского поселения, городского округа, муниципального района», в ред. Закона №47/2017-ОЗ от 5 сентября 2017 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Астраханской области «Об установлении границ муниципальных образований и наделении их статусом сельского, городского поселения, городского округа, муниципального района»». Вступил в силу через 10 дней со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: «Астраханские известия», №34, 12 августа 2004 г. (State Duma of Astrakhan Oblast. Law #43/2004-OZ of August 6, 2004 On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations and on Granting Them the Status of Rural, Urban Settlement, Urban Okrug, Municipal District, as amended by the Law #47/2017-OZ of September 5, 2017 On Amending the Law of Astrakhan Oblast «On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations and on Granting Them the Status of Rural, Urban Settlement, Urban Okrug, Municipal District». Effective as of the day which is 10 days after the official publication.).
• Городская Дума муниципального образования «Город Астрахань». Решение №24 от 31 марта 2016 г. «Устав муниципального образования «Город Астрахань»», в ред. Решения №91 от 17 июля 2017 г. «О внесении изменений в Устав муниципального образования «Город Астрахань»». Вступил в силу 22 апреля 2016 г. (за исключением отдельных положений). Опубликован: «Астраханский вестник», №15, 21 апреля 2016 г. (City Duma of the Municipal Formation of the «City of Astrakhan». Decision #24 of March 31, 2016 Charter of the Municipal Formation of the «City of Astrakhan», as amended by the Decision #91 of July 17, 2017 On Amending the Charter of the Municipal Formation of the «City of Astrakhan». Effective as of April 22, 2016 (with the exception of certain clauses).).
• Государственная Дума Астраханской области. №21/2007-ОЗ 9 апреля 2007 г. «Устав Астраханской области», в ред. Закона №49/2017-ОЗ от 25 сентября 2017 г. «О внесении изменения в статью 17 Устава Астраханской области». Вступил в силу 30 апреля 2007 г. (за исключением отдельных положений). Опубликован: «Сборник законов и нормативных правовых актов Астраханской области», №18, 19 апреля 2007 г. (State Duma of Astrakhan Oblast. #21/2007-OZ April 9, 2007 Charter of Astrakhan Oblast, as amended by the Law #49/2017-OZ of September 25, 2017 On Amending Article 17 of the Charter of Astrakhan Oblast. Effective as of April 30, 2007 (with the exception of several clauses).).
• Городской Совет города Астрахани. Решение №123 от 1 ноября 2000 г. «Об утверждени гимна города Астрахани». (City Council of the City of Astrakhan. Decision #123 of November 1, 2000 On Adopting the Anthem of the City of Astrakhan. ).

External links[edit]

• Astrakhan travel guide from Wikivoyage
• Kropotkin, Peter Alexeivitch (1911). «Astrakhan (town)» . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 2 (11th ed.). p. 795.
• Official website of Astrakhan (in Russian)
• Directory of organizations in Astrakhan (in Russian)
• Old photos of Astrakhan

1


Welcome to Astrakhan! Работа выполнена: учителем английского языка ОГОШИ «Школа одаренных детей им. А.П. Гужвина» г. Астрахани Авдеевой Антониной Викторовной.

2


Each city has its history. At present, Astrakhan which appears in the mouth of the river Volga in the south of Russia, again acquires its significance. There are places on the Earth where the secret projects of Nature acquire their unique expression. This is the place where the main river of Russia flows into the mysterious Caspian Sea. Starting with the Valdai Uplands, the Volga gets 200 long and short tributaries. And in the Caspian Lowland it branches into a great number of large and small rivers which irrigate half-deserts and steppes: there are 800 Estuaries in the place where the Volga flows into the Caspian Sea. Astrakhan region is really unique. Intense heat of the deserts is relived by the coolness of the rivers. There are lots of numerous lakes and small rivers. It is the land of grass and forests where white willows and black poplars prevail. Boundless plains are interrupted by mysterious hills. In the North of Astrakhan region, at the foot of ancient mountain, the Great Bogdo, lies the world famous salt lake Baskunchak. The Bogdo-Baskunchak Reverse is situated here. If one happens to visit Astrakhan in January, one will be amazed at the sight of absolutely not typical for the southern region: the climate is sharp continental here, which means the winter frosts are follwed by hot summer.

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The history of Astrakhan dates back to ancient times. During not one millennium the Sarmation gold was kept in the depth of Astrakhan soil. Today the precious evidence of the past amazes the visitors of the Local Lore Museum. Depicted in gold, the intricate images of nomadic life – lions and gryphons- the animal style of these decorations – have a ring of romantic legends of Sarmation tribes who left the traces of their culture in the Lower Volga.

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In the XII century a large trade center – Sarai batu – the capital of the Golden Horde – rose up in the Lower Volga. It attracted the merchants from the most far-away countries and was famous For its palaces and mosques. Time has taken everything, but the ruins can be read as a thrilling book.

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The city of Hadzhi-Tarkhan, the center of the Astrakhan khanate which had detached from the Golden Horde, rose up on the right bank of the Volga. It was the historical predecessor of Astrakhan. In different years it had different names: Astrakhan, Gitorkhan, Tsirokhan. There is a legend of the tribes of Ases, who received from the government the tarkhans permissions to trade. There is another legend of the beautiful Astra, the daughter of an honorable khan.

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Since the times of the first civilizations the Lower Volga has been the place of the cross-roads. The Great Silk Way connected the main cultural regions of Europe and Asia. In 1556 the Tsar Ivan the Terrible finally established his political influence on the Volga and on the south-eastern boundaries of Russia, having attached to it the Lower Volga and the capital of Astrakhan khanate – Hadzhi-Tarkhan.

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In 1558 a wooden citadel was erected on the left bank of the Volga. It was a starting point of Astrakhan. In 1569 the wooden fortresses could resist the siege of the Turkish and Tatar troops. The strategic interests of Russia in the South- East demanded further fortification of Astrakhan.

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The tower Krasniye Vorota (Beautiful gates) was constructed as headquartes and was meant circular defence. The stone citadel (the Kremlin) was being build since 1582 to It was erected on the bank of the river Volga by the architect from Moscow – Mikhail Viliyaminov and Dei Gubasty. All the towers of the Kremlin were divided into several levels which were connected by the staircases inside the walls. Today the Kremlin of Astrakhan is considered to be an outstanding monument of Russian architecture and fortification of the XVI century.

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The Troitskiy (Trinity) monastery.

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A bell tower, 80 meters high and the Uspensky Cathedral are the most beautiful parts of the Kremlin.

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Astrakhan Kremlin hasnt lost its spiritual significance nowadys.

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In the XVIIth century Astrakhan had large trade and handicraft colonies from India, Central Asia, Iran. Places, where they traded in town, still exist. The development of shipbuilding started in the 18 th century. Peter the Great had contacts with the best specialist in the shipbuilding industry – the Netherlands. In the 19 th century Astrakhan was famous for its activities of Partnership of Weiner beer –brewing factories in Astrakhan who produced beer brands well-known in Europe as Bohemia, Bavarian, Munich and others.

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Astrakhan natural recourses Astrakhan gas condensate field is one of the largest in European part of Russia. An entire oil and gas province has been explored at shallow depth in vicinity of the coastline of the northern part of The Caspian sea.

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The unique salt lake Baskunchak is situated in Astrakhan region. The Baskunchak salt field has been evolved for 100 years. Salt is extracted in an open-cut mining manner. It will provide salt for the 36 years. Oil and gas industry occupies the leading position the economy of the region. The largest in Europe sulfur and gas condensate field with producing and processing complex of Astrakhangasprom is situated here.

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The shipbuilding and ship repairing are 2 the most dynamically developed industries in the region. The food industry is connected with food and vegetable industry, meat and dairy products, salt production.

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About 30 fish species are of commercial importance. Stock of Caspian sturgeons (beluga, stellate, sterlet) is unique.

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Chemical industry has a wide range of products: fiberglass, glass-fiber fabric, medical cork, paint and vanish, roof coating.

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Agriculture.

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You can spend your free time walking along nice places in Astrakhan: The monument to the greatest Russian poet and writer Alexander Pushkin.

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Sometimes Astrakhan is compared with Venice as there are many canals here.

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Night Astrakhan is very bright.

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The swan lake at night.

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The swan lake.

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It is Lenins square – the best place for walking and having some rest.

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A monument on Lenins square.

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A monument to the victims of political punitive measure.

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A monument to the war sailors and officers.

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Ресурсы: 1. Астрахань: город и время, Л. Качинская. Издательство «Нова», 1998г

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Обновлено: 10.01.2023

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Выполнила: Главатских Елена

Astrakhan is a big city, which is most often called the «Pearl of the Lower Volga region. It is the administrative center of the Astrakhan region. The city is located in the delta of the Volga River.

Astrakhan is included in the list of cities with historical value and is very unique. It is inhabited by more than a hundred nationalities and fourteen faiths.

The climate in Astrakhan is of a moderate type. Due to the proximity of the desert, dry winds often blow. Precipitation is rare and evaporates quickly. The wind is rising strong.

This city is famous for its sights:

· Astrakhan Kremlin of the sixteenth century;

· Museum of Military Glory;

· Art Gallery named after Guess;

· Drama theater and much more.

Astrakhan is created for tourists. There are a lot of interesting excursions there – on foot and on special buses. You can also visit the Astrakhan Kremlin and hear very interesting stories and legends about this beautiful city. Tourists are very attracted to historical museums, which the city is full of. The Museum of Military Glory reveals to tourists the whole truth about the war and about the heroes of the city.

Public transport is very diverse – you can travel around the city both by bus and by minibus. Trolleybuses were canceled in the two thousand seventh year, but they were replaced by river transport. A boat trip will give tourists great pleasure.

It will not be difficult to get to this city rich in sights:

· Liners depart from Moscow;

Even if you get to Astrakhan by train and travel 27 hours, you can say for sure that it’s worth it. This city will conquer any heart of stone and will reveal to tourists all the beauty of this busy life. Having visited Astrakhan once, people will always remember it.

Astrakhan — the administrative center of the Astrakhan Oblast. — Астрахань — административный центр Астраханской области.

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Astrakhan is founded in 1558. — Астрахань основана в 1558 году.
The population of Astrakhan is more than 530 000. — Население Астрахани составляет более 530 000 человек.

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The oldest economic and cultural center of Lower Volga area and Prikaspiya. — Старейший экономический и культурный центр Нижнего Поволжья и Прикаспия.

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Astrakhan stands on the Volga River. — Астрахань стоит на реке Волге.
In Astrakhan it is possible to visit many interesting museums, monuments and other sights. — В Астрахани можно посетить много интересных музеев, памятников и других достопримечательностей.

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Диалог об Астрахани на английском языке

—Astrakhan is considered the multicultural city, isnt it? — Астрахань считается мультикультурным городом, не так ли?
—Yes, representatives more than 100 nationalities, 14 religious faiths live in Astrakhan, 17 societies of national cultures work. — Да, в Астрахани проживают представители более 100 национальностей, 14 религиозных конфессий, действуют 17 обществ национальных культур.
—You were in Astrakhan? — Ты был в Астрахани?
—Of course, it is the beautiful city located in the top part of the delta of Volga on 11 islands of Caspian Depression. — Конечно, это красивый город, расположенный в верхней части дельты Волги, на 11 островах Прикаспийской низменности.
—What sights can be visited? — Какие достопримечательности можно посетить?
—There is a lot of them. For example: Astrakhan Kremlin, city embankment, Shed to Bath, Assumption Cathedral, sculpture The Lady with the Dog, musical fountain and others. — Их очень много. Например: Астраханский кремль, городская набережная, Сарай Бату, Успенский кафедральный собор, скульптура “Дама с собачкой”, музыкальный фонтан и другие.
—And in what you recommends to be engaged in Astrakhan? — А чем рекомендуешь заняться в Астрахани?
—Surely visit the market Big Isada. In my opinion, the market is that place where color of the city is concentrated. It is also possible to go on fishing or hunting — fascinating occupation! — Обязательно посети рынок Большие Исады. По моему мнению, рынок — это то место, где сосредоточен колорит города. Так же можно съездить на рыбалку или охоту — увлекательное занятие!

Information Museum of military glory (Astrakhan) was established on the 30th anniversary of the Victory, may 8, 1975. He founded his major Dobroserdov , which during the war was led by a sabotage school No. 005. He also became the first Director. At first, the Astrakhan Museum of military glory occupied only the first floor of the building on Akhmatovskaya street, 7. But ten years later, on the 40th anniversary, under the exposition took all three floors Музей боевой славы (Астрахань) создан в 30-ю годовщину Победы, 8 мая 1975 года. Основал его майор Добросердов , который в военные годы руководил диверсионно-разведывательной спецшколой № 005. Он же стал и первым директором. Сначала Астраханский музей боевой славы занимал только первый этаж здания по ул. Ахматовская , 7. Но через десять лет, в 40-ю годовщину, под экспозиции отвели все три этажа

Expositions and exhibits Today, the exposition of the Astrakhan Museum gives the opportunity to join the history of the battle since the XVI century. Here you can learn about the everyday work and glorious feats of Astrakhan both at the front and in the rear (this set aside as many as five rooms). The Museum of military glory exhibits personal belongings of the participants of the events, documents, various weapons, equipment of the corresponding historical period. There are several rarities. Of course, not without pictures and layouts. Сегодня экспозиция астраханского музея дает возможность приобщиться к боевой истории начиная с XVI века. Здесь можно узнать о трудовых буднях и славных подвигах астраханцев как на фронте, так и в тылу (этому отведено целых пять залов). В музее воинской славы выставлены личные вещи участников событий, документы, разнообразное оружие, техника соответствующего исторического периода. Есть несколько раритетов. Конечно, не обошлось без картин и макетов.

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Hello, dear guests of Astrakhan. Hello, dear guests of Astrakhan. We will introduce to you our city…

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The general Cheremisinov Ivan founded a new city with Russian population in 1558.

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It was always very important for the Russian Empire. It was always very important for the Russian Empire.

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In 1717 Peter the Great established In 1717 Peter the Great established Astrakhan province.

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The Tsar guards Astrakhan severely: every year he sends people, food and wood here to build the Kremlin. The Tsar guards Astrakhan severely: every year he sends people, food and wood here to build the Kremlin.

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We can see the rich history of Astrakhan in Dubin’s photographs. Dubin researched Astrakhan local history. We can see the rich history of Astrakhan in Dubin’s photographs. Dubin researched Astrakhan local history.

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Main squares of ancient Astrakhan, streets, gardens and parks. Main squares of ancient Astrakhan, streets, gardens and parks.

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And here are the people of Astrakhan, our ancestors. Look into their faces… And here are the people of Astrakhan, our ancestors. Look into their faces…

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The heart of Astrakhan is the Kremlin. Each its building, each its stone are the history… The heart of Astrakhan is the Kremlin. Each its building, each its stone are the history…

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It saw the tsars, the emperors, the metropolitans. It saw the tsars, the emperors, the metropolitans.

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In ancient times the Kremlin was a fortress and it was very important. Its total square was 1544 metres. In ancient times the Kremlin was a fortress and it was very important. Its total square was 1544 metres.

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Now the Kremlin has 4 towers: 1. Hierarch Tower.

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2. Zhitnaya Tower.

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3. Crimean Tower.

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4. Artillery (Torturing) Tower.

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Cathedral of Assumption. Cathedral of Assumption.

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Trinity Cathedral. Trinity Cathedral.

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St. Nicholas Church-Over-The-Gates St. Nicholas Church-Over-The-Gates

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Cyril’s Chapel. Cyril’s Chapel.

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Beautiful Gates. Beautiful Gates.

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Prechistensky Gates Prechistensky Gates

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Astrakhan is a cultural city. There are a lot of places to visit… Astrakhan is a cultural city. There are a lot of places to visit…

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Museum of Local History. Museum of Local History.

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Hlebnikov’s Museum. Hlebnikov’s Museum.

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Tetushinov’s Museum. Tetushinov’s Museum.

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State Theatre of Opera and Ballet State Theatre of Opera and Ballet

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My Hometown или My Homecity?

Отмечу такой момент. Вы наверняка знаете, что town — это маленький городок, а city — большой город. Кажется логичным, что, если вы из Москвы, то нужно писать homecity, не так ли? На самом деле, не совсем так. Слово homecity в принципе возможно и понятно, но обычно под hometown подразумевают родной город независимо от его размеров. Вот пример из Cambridge Dictionary:

He was born in Miami, but he considers New York his hometown since he’s lived there most of his life. — Он родился в Майами, но считаю Нью Йорк своим родным городом, так как прожил там большую часть жизни.

Пройдите тест на уровень английского:

My Hometown — Мой город. Сочинение на английском языке + аудио

It is a very lively place, located in Central Russia. It was founded in 1221. Back then it used to be a major trading hub. People from all over the country came to Nizhny Novgorod to buy and sell goods. Now it has a population of one million and five hundred thousand citizens, it is the 6th biggest city in Russia.

Nowadays it is a large city with a big city center and suburbs. A lot of companies have their headquarters in Nizhny Novgorod. It is one of the biggest economic centers in Russia.

Of course, each city has its advantages and disadvantages. Let’s start with the advantages. There are many ways of transportation in Nizhny Novgorod. You can travel by bus, by trolley, you can even take the underground. Also, Nizhny Novgorod has an advantageous geographical location because it is located between two major cities — Moscow and Kazan.

However, there are also some disadvantages. First of all, it is very dirty and noisy because of traffic jams. Second, it hasn’t got a lot of public areas, such as parks, where you can spend your time with friends. Third, life here is pretty expensive, and the prices of houses and apartments are quite high.

Ниже идет тот же текст, но с переводом. Обратите внимание на выделенные слова – я выделил наиболее примечательные пары “слово-перевод”.

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