Дорогой ученик! В этом материале подготовлено описание Останкинской телебашни. Под английским текстом есть перевод на русский язык.
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Ostankino Tower is a television and radio tower in Moscow. Its height is 540.1 metres. Ostankino was designed by Nikolai Nikitin. Construction began in 1963 and was completed in 1967. |
It is currently the tallest free-standing structure in Europe and 11th tallest in the world.
The tower was the first free-standing structure to exceed 500 m in height. Ostankino was built to mark the 50th anniversary of the October Revolution. It surpassed the Empire State Building to become the tallest free-standing structure in the world.
It held this record for eight years until it was overtaken by the CN Tower in 1975, which surpassed its height by 13 metres.
In April 2009, the observation platform reopened. The Seventh Heaven restaurant reopened in November 2016.
Перевод на русский язык
Примечание: этот текст переведен автоматическим переводчиком, в нем могут быть неточности и ошибки.
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Останкинская телебашня – телевизионная и радиовещательная башня в Москве. Ее высота 540,1 метра. Она была спроектирована Николаем Никитиным. Строительство началось в 1963 году и было завершено в 1967 году. |
В настоящее время это самая высокая отдельно стоящая конструкция в Европе и 11-я самая высокая в мире.
Башня была первым отдельно стоящим сооружением, высота которого превышала 500 метров. Останкинская телебашня была построена в честь 50-летия Октябрьской революции. Она превзошла Эмпайр Стейт Билдинг и стала самым высоким отдельно стоящим сооружением в мире.
Останкинская телебашня держала этот рекорд в течение восьми лет, пока в 1975 году ее не обогнала башня Си-Эн Тауэр, которая на 13 метров превзошла ее высоту.
В апреле 2009 года вновь открылась смотровая площадка. Ресторан «Седьмое небо» возобновил работу в ноябре 2016 года.
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The advent of the 20th century marked the new era of television. In this connection the TV tower was built in Russia (Soviet Union) was erected. The first tower was built in 1922. In the 1950s, when the country saw the rapid development of television, this tower could no longer cope with the transmission of TV signals. So in 1967 the new TV tower was built in Ostankino, which was followed by the future Ostankino television center. The height of the tower is 540 meters. In Europe and Asia Ostankino Tower is the highest. It is part of the International Federation of Great Towers.
Today Ostankino television tower has 20 radio and 20 television transmitters. From the tower the signal is received by 8 “Orbita” satellites, which help to bring news to all the spectators in the country. In addition to its primary purpose, the tower is also one of the most interesting tourist sites in Moscow, and Ostankino tour is one of the most popular.
Ostankino TV tower has seven levels. Different levels of height (147, 269, 350 m) are equipped with observation platforms. From them you can see the entire Moscow, and even the near suburbs. Part of the floor is made of especially shock-resistant glass — during a tour visitors have a feeling of free “floating” in the air. Under the observation deck on the seventh level there is the restaurant complex “The Seventh Sky”. Tables in the halls stand on the circular platform with glass railings. The platform rotates slowly, and visitors have an additional opportunity to admire the stunning views of the capital.
The height of the Ostankino Tower is 540m. The overall weight of the tower with the foundation is 51,400 tons. During the years of operation 10 million people visited the observation platform and the high-altitude restaurant “The Seventh Sky”. The main viewing platform is located at the altitude of 337 m. The floors of “The Seventh Sky” are located on the heights — 328, 331 and 334 m.
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178
ОТВЕТЫ
Ostankino Tower is a television and radio tower in Moscow. The
height of the tower is 540 meters. It is like a one hundred and twenty story
building in height. It is the highest freestanding building in Europe and Asia.
At one time, the Ostankino TV Tower was the highest tower in the world.
Nowadays
Ostankino television tower has 20 radio and 20 television transmitters. From
the tower the signal is received by satellites, which then help to bring news
to the whole country. The tower is also one of the most interesting tourist
sites in Moscow.
Its different
levels of height are equipped with observation platforms. From them you can see
the entire Moscow, and even the near suburbs. Some parts of the floor is made
of especially shock-resistant glass and that’s why visitors have a feeling of
free “floating” in the air. On the seventh level of the tower there is the
restaurant named “The Seventh Sky”. Tables of the restaurant stand on the
circular platform with glass railings. The platform rotates slowly, and
visitors have an additional opportunity to admire the wonderful views of Moscow.
Останкинская Башня — это телевизионная и радиовещательная
башня в Москве. Высота башни составляет 540 метров. Это как сто двадцати —
этажное здание в высоту. Это самое высокое отдельно стоящее здание в Европе и
Азии. В свое время Останкинская телебашня была самой высокой башней в мире.
На сегодняшний день Останкинская башня имеет 20 радио и 20
телевизионных передатчиков. Из башни сигнал поступает на спутники, которые затем
помогают донести новости до всей страны. Башня также является одним из самых
интересных туристических достопримечательностей в Москве.
Ее разные уровни высоты оборудованы смотровыми площадками. От
них вы можете увидеть всю Москву и даже ближайшие окрестности. Некоторые части
пола изготовлены из особо прочного стекла, и поэтому у посетителей возникает
ощущение свободного “парения” в воздухе. На седьмом уровне башни находится
ресторан “Седьмое небо”. Столики ресторана стоят на круговой платформе со
стеклянными ограждениями. Платформа медленно вращается, и посетители получают
дополнительную возможность любоваться прекрасным видом на Москву.
The Ostankino Tower was built for 4 years. The Ostankino Tower is the fifth tallest in the world. Its height is 540 meters. The Ostankino Tower has 45 floors.
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2019-03-04 05:11:40
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Places of interest
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Moscow
- Ostankino Tower
The 540-meter Ostankino TV Tower is one of the symbols of Moscow. The tower is the eighth in the top ten of the world’s tallest structures, and also the first in Europe and the fourth in the world among the highest TV towers. Its construction, which lasted seven years, was completed in 1967. In 2000, the tower caught fire, resulting in burnout of its three floors.
Today, there are two observation platforms on the tower: an open platform (works only in the warm season) and a closed platform, part of the floor of which is made of durable glass. Having enjoyed a dizzying panorama from a 350-meter height, you can visit the legendary revolving «The Seventh Heaven» restaurant. Tourists here are offered numerous excursions, for instance, to the Museum of Ostankino Tower. But what enjoys the greatest popularity during the tours to the TV Center is the visits to TV studios of famous TV programs, the exhibition hall with television decorations, and a walk along the «Corridor of History» in the underground passage under Akademika Koroleva Street. Here you can buy unique souvenirs, such as pendants, key charms and magnets depicting the tower. Going down from the dizzy altitude, it is worth looking into the nearby Ostankino Estate Museum, which belonged to Count Sheremetev, as well as take a walk in the local park or visit the nearby VDNKh Expocenter.
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| Ostankino Tower | |
|---|---|
|
Останкинская телебашня |
|
Ostankino Tower in June 2021 |
|
Location in Moscow |
|
| Record height | |
| Tallest in the world from 1967 to 1974[I] | |
| Preceded by | Empire State Building |
| Surpassed by | CN Tower |
| General information | |
| Status | Completed |
| Type | Observation, telecommunications, tourism |
| Location | Moscow, Russia |
| Coordinates | 55°49′11″N 37°36′42″E / 55.81972°N 37.61167°ECoordinates: 55°49′11″N 37°36′42″E / 55.81972°N 37.61167°E |
| Construction started | 1963 |
| Completed | 1967 |
| Owner | Unitary enterprise Russian Television and Radio Broadcasting Network |
| Height | |
| Antenna spire | 540.1 m (1,772.0 ft) |
| Roof | 385.4 m (1,264.4 ft) |
| Top floor | 360.4 m (1,182.4 ft) |
| Technical details | |
| Floor count | 120 (equivalent) |
| Floor area | 15,000 m2 (160,000 sq ft) |
| Lifts/elevators | 11[1] |
| Design and construction | |
| Structural engineer | Nikolai Nikitin |
| References | |
| [2][3] |
Ostankino Tower (Russian: Останкинская телебашня, romanized: Ostankinskaya telebashnya) is a television and radio tower in Moscow, Russia, owned by the Moscow branch of unitary enterprise Russian TV and Radio Broadcasting Network. Standing 540.1 metres (1,772 ft), it was designed by Nikolai Nikitin, Pyotr Gorchakov and Yuri Kondratyuk. As of 2022, it is the tallest free-standing structure in Europe and 12th tallest in the world. Between 1967 and 1974, it was the tallest in the world. The tower was the first free-standing structure to exceed 500 m (1,600 ft) in height. Ostankino was built to mark the 50th anniversary of the October Revolution. It is named after the surrounding Ostankino district of Moscow.[4][5]
History[edit]
Construction and record holder[edit]
Construction began in 1963 and was completed in 1967. Extensive use of prestressed concrete resulted in a simple and sturdy structure. It surpassed the Empire State Building to become the tallest free-standing structure in the world. It held this record for eight years until it was overtaken by the CN Tower in Toronto, Canada in 1975, which surpassed its height by 13 metres (43 ft).[6]
Height increase plan[edit]
In 1994, there was a plan to increase the tower’s height to 561 metres (1,841 ft) by adding a long antenna. However, this plan to reclaim the «tallest free-standing structure in the world» was not implemented due to lack of funding.[7]
Reopening and recent activity[edit]
In April 2009, the observation platform reopened,[8] and the Seventh Heaven restaurant reopened in November 2016.[9]
On 21 July 2018, there was a race up the tower, featuring athletes from 12 countries. They ran up the narrow, spiral staircase and reached the location at an altitude of 337.0 meters. The fastest of the 28 athletes was German, Christian Riedl, who made it to the top in 9 minutes and 51 seconds. The women’s winner was Cynthia Harris (USA), who reached the top in 12 minutes and 15 seconds. Absolute records were then broken into the categories of men and women.[10]
Accidents[edit]
Over the course of its 21st century history, there have been accidents at the tower, including a fire in 2000, the tower struck by a parachutist in 2004, and a minor fire in 2007.
August 2000 fire[edit]
The tower on fire on 27 August 2000
The tower caught fire on 27 August 2000, killing three people. A firefighter and lift operator died when their elevator cabin crashed to the ground level due to the fire. In addition, television and radio signals were disrupted around Moscow. The fire broke out at a height of about 458 m (1,502.6 ft), or approximately 98 metres (322 ft) above the observation platform and the Seventh Heaven restaurant, after a short-circuit in wiring belonging to a paging company. The fire forced the evacuation of all visitors and staff from those locations. According to Russian news agencies, the evacuation was complete 90 minutes after the start of the fire. The loss was substantial due to the age and poor maintenance of the electronic equipment, much of which was installed in the 1960s. In addition, the tower had become increasingly packed with equipment.[12]
The failure of the fire suppression systems allowed the fire to destroy most of the tower’s interior. Although more than 300 firefighters and other emergency workers were called in, firemen were forced to haul heavy equipment, including chemical fire extinguishers, by hand up the tower to halt the fire. Temporary firewalls of asbestos placed 70 metres (230 ft) up stopped further spread. The fire knocked out virtually all television broadcasts in Moscow and the surrounding regions. The only television station unaffected was the private NTV station, but the government decreed that state channels took priority, and as such, the RTR TV channel began transmitting to several Moscow districts.[13]
The fire caused the tower’s upper spire to tilt slightly, triggering fears the tower might collapse. The subsequent inspection determined that although the structure sustained heavy damage, the tower was not in danger of collapse. Efforts began immediately to rebuild the tower, which proved to be a long and expensive task.[14][15]
The fire was the third disaster in Russia in a month, following an explosion in Moscow’s Pushkinskaya Metro Station (which killed 12 people and injured 150), and the sinking of the submarine Kursk in the Barents Sea, in which 118 died. Russian President Vladimir Putin stated that «This latest accident shows the shape of our vital installations and the overall state of our country. We should not fail to see major problems in the country behind this accident, and we should not forget the economy. Whether or not such accidents happen again in the future will depend on how we work in this vital direction.»[16][17]
On 25 March 2005, the first new elevators since the August 2000 fire, made by the German company ThyssenKrupp, were tested and put into service. The new elevators travel at a speed of 6 metres per second (20 ft/s)[18]
2004 tower struck[edit]
On 1 July 2004, Austrian BASE jumper Christina Grubelnik struck the tower during her descent, receiving a concussion and losing consciousness. Her parachute snagged on a lower-level service platform and she was rescued by Russian emergency services.[19][20][21]
2007 fire[edit]
On 25 May 2007, the Ostankino again caught fire, though it was less serious this time and isolated to a platform on the outside of the tower. All people inside the tower were evacuated and the fire was successfully extinguished, with no casualties.[22]
360° panorama from observation deck of the Ostankino TV tower
Channels listed by frequency[edit]
The tower compared to high-rise apartments
«Sed’moe Nebo» restaurant with winter view
Analogue radio (FM)[edit]
| Station | Frequency | ERP |
|---|---|---|
| «Radio Russia» (5:00–1:00) | 66.44 MHz | 5.0 kW |
| «Pi-FM» (6:00-0:00) | 71.30 MHz | 5.0 kW |
| «Business FM» | 87.50 MHz | 5.0 kW |
| «Retro FM» | 88.30 MHz | 5.0 kW |
| «Radio Jazz» | 89.10 MHz | 5.0 kW |
| «Echo of Moscow» | 91.20 MHz | 5.0 kW |
| «Culture» | 91.60 MHz | 5.0 kW |
| «Kommersant FM» | 93.60 MHz | 5.0 kW |
| «Moscow speaking» | 94.80 MHz | 5.0 kW |
| «Rock FM» | 95.20 MHz | 5.0 kW |
| «Dorozhnoe Radio» | 96.200 MHz | 5.0 kW |
| «Vesti FM» | 97.60 MHz | 5.0 kW |
| «Radio Chocolate» (5:00-1:00) | 98.00 MHz | 5.0 kW |
| «Orpheus» | 99.20 MHz | 5.0 kW |
| «Radio Russki Hit» | 99.60 MHz | 10.0 kW |
| «Radio Vera» | 100.90 MHz | 5.0 kW |
| «Dance FM» | 101.2 MHz | 10.0 kW |
| «Monte Carlo» | 102.10 MHz | 5.0 kW |
| «Radio Maximum» | 103.7 MHz | 10.0 kW |
| «Russian Radio» | 105.70 MHz | 10.0 kW |
| «Europa Plus» | 106.2 MHz | 10.0 kW |
Digital television (DVB-T2)[edit]
| Station | Channel | Frequency | ERP |
|---|---|---|---|
| Second multiplex: (REN-TV, Spas, STS, Domashniy, TV-3, Sport Plus, Zvezda, Mir, TNT, Muz-TV) | 24 | 10 kW | |
| First multiplex: (Channel One, Russia 1, Match TV, Russia K, Russia 24, Karusel, NTV, Channel 5, OTR, TV Center) | 30 | 10 kW | |
| ООО «Цифровое ТРВ» (encoded): (DVisionLive, DVisionNews, DVisionSpice, TV1000) | 32 | 1 kW | |
| Third multiplex (special for Moscow and Moscow region):
Lifenews (24 hours), |
34 | 10 kW |
Analogue television[edit]
In Moscow and the Moscow Region, along with 18 other regions, analogue television closed on 15 April 2019, at 12:00 (UTC+3).
| Station | Channel | Frequency | ERP |
|---|---|---|---|
| Channel One | 1 | MHz | 40 kW |
| Russia-1 | 2 | MHz | 40 kW |
| TV Tsentr | 3 | MHz | 40 kW |
| NTV | 4 | MHz | 1 kW |
| Match TV | 6 | MHz | 1 kW |
| NTV | 8 | MHz | 40 kW |
| REN TV | 9 | MHz | 40 kW |
| Moscow 24 | 10 | MHz | 40 kW |
| Russia 1 | 11 | MHz | 60 kW |
| Che | 23 | MHz | 10 kW |
| 360*Super | 25 | MHz | 105 kW |
| STS-Moscow | 27 | MHz | 5 kW |
| Disney Channel (Russia) | 29 | MHz | 10 kW |
| Domashniy | 31 | MHz | 20 kW |
| Russia K | 33 | MHz | 20 kW |
| TNT | 35 | MHz | 5 kW |
| Channel Five | 44 | MHz | 5 kW |
| TV-3 | 46 | MHz | 10 kW |
| REN TV | 49 | MHz | 20 kW |
| U | 51 | MHz | 20 kW |
| Zvezda | 57 | MHz | 5 kW |
| 2×2 | 60 | MHz | 5 kW |
See also[edit]
- Ostankino Technical Center
- List of tallest buildings and structures in the world
- List of tallest structures in the former Soviet Union
- List of towers
- Fernsehturm Stuttgart – first TV tower built from concrete and prototype for many similar towers built later
References[edit]
- ^ Ostankino Tele Tower at Skyscraperpage.com
- ^ «Emporis building ID 111722». Emporis. Archived from the original on 7 March 2016.
- ^ «Ostankino Tower». SkyscraperPage.
- ^ «Fire at television tower offers new evidence of Russia’s decay». The Independent. Associated Press. 28 August 2000. Archived from the original on 25 October 2012.
- ^ «Russia’s Tallest TV Tower Was Created as Symbol of USSR’s Power». Pravda.ru. 21 September 2009. Retrieved 5 October 2009.
- ^ «What if the CN Tower Caught Fire?». CBC News. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 10 November 2000. Archived from the original on 13 October 2007. Retrieved 26 June 2007.
- ^ «Ostankino Tower». Emporis Research. Archived from the original on 17 June 2004. Retrieved 7 January 2008.
- ^ «Московский Региональный Центр : Экскурсии» [Moscow Regional Center : Excursions]. Retrieved 4 October 2018.
- ^ «В Останкинской башне открылся ресторан «Седьмое небо»» [Restaurant «Seventh Heaven» opened in the Ostankino Tower]. 18 November 2016. Retrieved 4 October 2018.
- ^ «News detail». Retrieved 4 October 2018.
- ^ Russian TV knocked out as fire rages through 1,800ft tower by Barry Renfrew, The Independent, 28 August 2000 Archived 25 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Bodies recovered from Moscow TV tower fire. CNN.com, 28 August 2000. Archived 4 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Russia tower fire ‘under control’, CNN.com, 28 August 2000. Archived 3 May 2010 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Four feared trapped in burning Moscow tower, CNN.com, 28 August 2000. Archived 3 May 2010 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Fire in 1,800ft TV tower adds to Russians’ feeling of doom by Helen Womackin, The Independent, 29 August 2000. Archived 3 February 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ August, the Cruelest Month by Yuri Zarakhovich, CNN.com. 4 September 2000. Archived 8 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ «Installation of elevators in the Ostankino TV tower». mitol.ru. Retrieved 13 April 2021.
- ^ Article about the accident (in Dutch). radio.nl
- ^ Hector Rim (12 March 2012). «moscow tv tower jump accident-Moscú Torre de tv,accidente en salto..wmv». Archived from the original on 21 December 2021. Retrieved 4 October 2018 – via YouTube.
- ^ AP Worldstream (1 July 2004) Austrian parachutist injured, knocked unconscious in jump from Moscow TV tower. www.highbeam.com
- ^ Fire out at Moscow landmark tower. BBC News
External links[edit]
- Ostankino Television Tower
- A visit to the Ostankino Television Tower at redpenguin.net
- BBC: Moscow’s TV tower saved
- Ostankino Tower at Structurae
- Ostankino Tower Above the Clouds at EnglishRussia.com
- Ostankino Tele Tower at Skyscraperpage.com
- Building Tallest Tower at EnglishRussia.com
| Records | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by
Empire State Building |
World’s tallest free-standing structure 1967–1975 |
Succeeded by
CN Tower |
| Preceded by
Tokyo Tower |
World’s tallest tower 1967–1975 |
In 1967 this tower was the tallest free-standing steel structure in the world. But the architecture development is progressing and today the Ostankino tower, standing 540 meters tall, the fourth-tallest tower in the world, after such buildings as Burj Khalifa skyscraper in Dubai, Guangzhou TV tower in China, and the CN TV Tower in Canada.
The construction of the Ostankino TV tower began in 1963 and was completed in 1967. The project was designed by the architect Nikitin during one night. The main idea of the project was that the tower should not have the deep foundation and its strength should be provided by much heavier base. According to Nikitin’s words, the reverse lily became a prototype for the tower.
In addition, the use of the prestressed concrete, which was compressed with steel cables, resulted in the sturdy construction. The depth of the foundation was only 4.6 meters, and the base had a ring of 10 pillars with the average diameter of 65 meters. Originally the tower had 533 meters in height, but later, after the installation of a flagpole, it reached the mark of 540 meters. The total mass of the tower is 51 thousand tones.
Inside the tower there is the broadcasting center. There is also an observation platform for visitors, located at a height of 337 meters, and a three-story restaurant the Seventh Heaven located at a height of 328-334 meters. The main feature of the observation platform is the transparent glass floor, which enables you to look into the precipice under your feet, but it is not recommended for people suffering from acrophobia (fear of heights). One of the main features of the restaurant is the revolving floor that enables visitors to enjoy panoramic view during the dinner.
However, the Ostankino tower caught fire at a height of 460 meters on August 27, 2000. The height of fire complicated the firefighting, and firemen succeeded to halt the fire only in the next day. It seemed that tower would not withstand the high temperature, but it proved its sturdiness. Later all fastener system was reconstructed. But the Seventh Heaven restaurant is still closed and the observation platform was put into operation only in March, 2009.
For the whole history of existence, over 10 million people visited the Ostankino television tower and this number constantly increases. It became the favorite place not only for residents and guests of Moscow, but also for admirers of extreme activities who make parachute jumps from the tower. Except aircrafts, the Ostankino Tower is the only opportunity to look at Moscow from a bird’s-eye view. And it is worth to be seen!
Major Sights list:
- Vorobyovy Gory
- Ostankino Tower
- St. Basils Cathedral
- Shukhov Tower
- Melnikov House
- Arbat Street
- Botanical garden
- Kremlin
- Lenin Mausoleum
- Moscow Zoo
- Red Square
- Stalin High-risers