Рассказ про рязань на английском языке

Топик по английскому языку Мой родной город

Ссылка на английский вариант текста — My native town.

Я бы хотела рассказать о своем родном городе. Мой родной город – Рязань. Он расположен на реке Оке, недалеко от Москвы. Население нашего города – более 500 000 человек.

Его первое название – Переяславль Рязанский. Он был основан в 1095 году. Много лет назад Рязань находилась в 60 км от Переяславля, недалеко от Спасска. Это был очень богатый и известный на всю страну город.

Мой родной город очень красивый. Нельзя не восхищаться красотами Рязани. В центре Рязани расположен Кремль и памятники древнерусской архитектуры. Они являются отображением истории нашего города. Кремль впечатляет всех, кто его посетил. Архитектурный ансамбль Кремля состоит из 11 памятников прошлого.

Рязань – город машиностроительной индустрии, радиоиндустрии, химической и электронной индустрии.

Молодые люди могут получить высшее образование в государственных университетах. В Рязани более семидесяти средних школ и несколько колледжей.

Рязань известна своим Кукольным театром, Драматическим театром, концертным залом и цирком.

Мой родной город – родина многих известных людей: писателей, художников, композиторов, военных. Мы гордимся своими именитыми земляками (Павловым, Мичуриным, Циолковским, Есениным, Полонским, Голубкиной, Новиковым и многими другими). Я очень люблю свой родной город!

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The
city of Ryazan.

Выполнила:
Главатских Елена

The
city of Ryazan is not just an old one, but one of the most ancient cities in
Russia. It is located on the right bank of the Oka River and is part of the
nearest ring of large cities located not very far from Moscow. On the territory
of the city there are several small rivers, many lakes and artificial ponds.

The
very first records of the origin of the city can be attributed to the beginning
of the eleventh century. The city appeared on very fertile lands, rich in
meadows and forests in which there were a lot of animals. And there was a huge
amount of fish in the river. The location of the city and the opportunity to
develop trade links along the river were all crucial and played a big role in
the development of the city. Having the ancient name of Pereyaslavl, the city
began to develop rapidly as an economic center. It was this ancient city that
had to be the first to take the blow of the Mongol Tatars. Despite the fact that
the defenders offered very stubborn resistance, the opponents took the city.
During the fighting, it was completely destroyed and burned. But later it began
to be restored and strengthened.

By
the beginning of the seventeenth century, the city had become one of the
largest industrial cities in Russia. Ryazan becomes the main supplier of bread
to Moscow. A college and an opera house are opening. At the beginning of the
nineteenth century, there are twelve industrial enterprises here.

The
population of Ryazan is growing rapidly. The city is growing and being built
up. And already in 1913, the first power plant was put into operation. The
first higher education institution is being built. By the fifties of the last
century, Ryazan passed into the status of a student city. There are a large
number of educational institutions here. This is the Medical Institute, the
Institute of Agriculture and the Institute of Radio Engineering. Therefore,
modern Ryazan is the center of human resources potential for the whole of
Russia.

Considering
the sights of the modern city, it is impossible not to note its historical
center. The oldest core of which is the Ryazan Kremlin. Over the entire period
of its existence, it has been rebuilt many times. The Cathedral Bell tower in
the Ryazan Kremlin is one of the twenty tallest bell towers in Russia. Its
construction lasted 50 years. For a very long time, a whole complex of
architectural monuments has been built on its territory. The richest
collections are collected in the historical and architectural museum-reserve
built on the territory of the Kremlin. This is a place in the city where a huge
number of holidays and festivals are held.

The
Cathedral Square is the most favorite for visiting and relaxing by city
residents and tourists. There is a very beautiful park on its territory. Its
main buildings are many Orthodox churches and a monastery, within the walls of
which there is a theological seminary. The square Park and the Kremlin are
connected by a stone bridge, which was built in the sixteenth century.

Now
Ryazan is a large city with many industrial enterprises, educational
institutions, cultural and shopping centers. Of course, there is no such city
bustle as in the capital. And it is much smaller in size. But its whole air is
saturated with the history of the Russian land.

Ryazan
is one of the largest cities in the central district of Russia.

The
city has a very ancient history. The year 1095 is the year of the foundation of
the city, but then the city was called Pereyaslavl. Ryazan is located about 185
km from Moscow, in the north of the Ryazan region. The city borders on the
Moscow, Vladimir, Tambov, Tula, Penza, Lipetsk, and Mordovian regions.

The
Oka River flows near Ryazan, which divides the Ryazan Region into two halves.
Forests predominate in the northern half of the region, and forest–steppes
predominate in the southern half. Birch and pine trees grow in the Ryazan
forests.

The
city consists of 4 districts: Oktyabrsky, Sovetsky, Moskovsky and
Zheleznodorozhny.

The
main attraction of the city is the Ryazan Kremlin, which was built in the XI
century. The Kremlin is the oldest core of the city. Here is the Assumption
Cathedral, which was built in 1699. There are 17 monuments of architecture and
history on the territory of the Kremlin. And the Cathedral Bell Tower is among
the top of the highest bell towers in Russia. Today it houses the Museum of
Applied Arts, archaeological and ethnographic museums.

In
addition to the Ryazan Kremlin, in the city you can also visit the Museum of
travelers, the gingerbread museum, the regional art Museum, as well as several
military exhibitions.

There
are many city parks in Ryazan. Cathedral or Kremlin Recreation Park is a great
place for spending leisure time with the whole family. There is a fountain, a
chapel, monuments and benches. The Upper and Lower city Gardens are a park with
sculptures, beautiful stones and flower beds. An obelisk was built in the
Memorial Park for the 40th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War.
There is a monument of the Soviet-Polish Brotherhood in the Friendship Park.
The Central Park of Culture and Recreation is the cultural center of Ryazan.
Musical events and dances take place here. Bicycle and gyro scooter rentals are
open. There are many playgrounds and sports grounds in the park.

The
city has developed heavy, food and light industries, mechanical engineering,
oil refining.

Outside
the city there are Meschersk forests, where residents of the city like to spend
their free time. This place is considered a resort area, as it has
environmentally friendly air.

The
city is home to just over 500,000 people.

Today
Ryazan is a city of developed industry, the cultural center of the Ryazan
region. The city has considerable administrative, economic and transport
importance.

Ryazan Рязань
City[1]
Ryazan attractions
Flag Coat of arms
Location of Ryazan
Ryazan Location of Ryazan Ryazan Ryazan (European Russia) Ryazan Ryazan (Europe)
Coordinates: 54°37′48″N 39°44′33″E / 54.63000°N 39.74250°ECoordinates: 54°37′48″N 39°44′33″E / 54.63000°N 39.74250°E
Country	Russia
Federal subject	Ryazan Oblast
First mentioned	1095
Government
• Body	City Duma
• City manager	Elena Sorokina[2]
Area [3]
• Total	224.163 km2 (86.550 sq mi)
Elevation	130 m (430 ft)
Population  (2010 Census)[4]
• Total	524,927
• Estimate  (2018)[5]	538,962 (+2.7%)
• Rank	31st in 2010
• Density	2,300/km2 (6,100/sq mi)
Administrative status
• Subordinated to	city of oblast significance of Ryazan[1]
• Capital of	Ryazan Oblast[1], Ryazansky District
Municipal status
• Urban okrug	Ryazan Urban Okrug[6]
• Capital of	Ryazan Urban Okrug[6], Ryazansky Municipal District[7]
Time zone	UTC+3 (MSK [8])
Postal code(s)[9]	390000-390048
Dialing code(s)	+7 4912
OKTMO ID	61701000001
Website	www.admrzn.ru

Ryazan (Russian: Рязань, IPA: [rʲɪˈzanʲ] (listen)) is the largest city and administrative center of Ryazan Oblast, Russia. The city is located on the banks of the Oka River in Central Russia, 196 km (122 mi) southeast of Moscow. As of the 2010 Census, Ryazan had a population of 524,927, making it the 33rd most populated city in Russia, and the fourth most populated in Central Russia after Moscow, Voronezh, and Yaroslavl.

Ryazan was previously known as Pereyaslavl-Ryazansky (Переяславль-Рязанский) until 1778, where it became the new capital of the Principality of Ryazan following the Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus’. The original capital, located 48 kilometres (30 mi) downstream on the Oka and now known as Old Ryazan (Старая Рязань, Staraya Ryazan), was among the first cities in Russia to be beseiged and destroyed during the invasion that began in 1237.^[10]

The city is known for the Ryazan Kremlin, a historic museum; the Pozhalostin Museum, one of the oldest art museums in Russia; the Memorial Museum-Estate of Academician I.P. Pavlov; and the Ryazan Museum of Long-Range Aviation.

History[edit]

Principality of Ryazan[edit]

The area of Ryazan was settled by Slavic tribes around the 6th century.^[11]

It is argued that the Ryazan kremlin was founded in 800, by Slavic settlers,^{[citation needed]} as a part of their drive into territory previously populated by Volga Finnic peoples.^{[citation needed]} Initially, it was built of wood, gradually replaced by masonry. The oldest preserved part of the Kremlin dates back to the 12th century.

However, the first written mention of the city, under the name of Pereslavl, dates to 1095. At that time, the city was part of the independent Principality of Ryazan, which had existed since 1078 and which was centered on the old city of Ryazan. The first ruler of Ryazan was supposedly Yaroslav Sviatoslavich, Prince of Ryazan and Murom (cities of Kievan Rus’).

Invasion by Mongols[edit]

In 12th century the lands of Ryazan being located on the border between woods and steppe suffered numerous invasions coming from the southern as northern parts of European Russia. The southern ones were usually carried out by military powers like Cumans, on the northern side, however, Ryazan was in a conflict with Vladimir-Suzdal duche who by end of the 12th century had burnt the capital of Ryazan several times already.

In the 13th century Ryazan was the first Russian city to face Mongolian invasion by hordes of Batu Khan. On December 21, 1237, after a short siege it was completely destroyed and never recovered. As result of the takeover, the seat of the principality was moved about 55 km (34 mi) to the town of Pereslavl-Ryazansky, which subsequently took the name of the destroyed capital. The site of the old capital now carries the name of Staraya Ryazan (Old Ryazan), close to Spassk-Ryazansky. Maps of the 16th-18th centuries show Ryazan (Old Ryazan) and Pereslavl-Ryazan together.^{[12][13][14][15][vague]}

Golden horde[edit]

In 1380, during the Battle of Kulikovo, the Grand Prince of Ryazan Oleg and his men came under a coalition of Mamai, a strongman of the Tatar Golden Horde, and the Grand Duke of Lithuania, against the armies under the command of the Grand Prince of Vladimir, Dmitry Donskoy.

Late in the 13th century, the Princes of Ryazan moved their capital to Pereyaslavl’ (Russian: Переяславль), which is known as Ryazan from the 16th century (officially renamed in 1778).

The principality was finally dissolved and incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Moscow in 1521. The principality’s last duke Ivan V of Ryazan was imprisoned for a short time for being suspected in a treasonous attempt to seal a treaty with Crimean Khanate in order to outweigh Moscow’s influence. The duke fled to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania where he died no later than 1534.^[16][17]

Being the southernmost border of Rus’ lands at the time, Ryazan continued to suffer from invasions of Crimean Tatars and their allies.

Grand Duchy of Moscow[edit]

Tsardom of Russia[edit]

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2021)

Time of Troubles[edit]

In June of 1605 Ryazan became a seat for Greek Cypriot-born Patriarch Ignatius, a clergyman who was sent by Russian Orthodox Church to serve as an archbishop of Ryazan.^[18][19] He was notorious for becoming the first church official to recognize a Poland-backed impostor False-Dmitry as a legitimate monarch, alleged Czar of Tsardom of Russia, after meeting with his forces in Tula.^[20]

Around that time Ryazan ex-duchy became a home for various noble families, most notable of which are Lyapunovs, whose brothers Prokopy and Zakhary Lyapunovs played a significant roles in shaping Russian history during Times of Troubles.

Soviet Union[edit]

During World War II, Ryazan was repeatedly bombed by German Luftwaffe.^[21][22] Immediately after the war, rapid development of the city began, and it became a major industrial, scientific, and military center of the European part of Russia.^[21][23] On October 19, 1960 a petroleum refinery produced its first gasoline.^[24]

Ryazan housed the USSR’s only producer of potato-harvesting equipment at the time. Ryazselmash factory (Russian: Рязсельмаш, lit. ‘Ryazan Countryside Machines’), an accounting machines plant, and a heavy forging equipment plant, among others, were also built.^[23]

Because of the city’s industrialization, Ryazan Oblast’s share of workers employed in the agrarian sector shifted into the industrial sector.^[23]

Ryazan was developed as a military center, and became the main training center of the Soviet Airborne Forces. Several positioned man-portable air-defense system protect the urban sky. Besides the Airborne School (at the time named after Kliment Voroshilov^[21]), Ryazan has the Automobile School and Institute of Communications, a regiment of railway troops, airbase strategic bombers, and a training center in Diaghilev.

Ryazan developed particularly rapidly while Nadezhda Nikolaevna Chumakova served as Chair of the Council of People’s Deputies of Ryazan and Ryazan mayor. Under Chumakova, the city’s population increased from 72,000 to 520,000. Chumakova oversaw the construction of social and cultural amenities, more than 20 urban areas, and hundreds of kilometers of trolleybus, tram and bus routes. Landscaping became a fundamental strategy for the development of the city at that time. A «green» ring of forests, parks, and garden associations surrounded Ryazan, with large parks located in each area of the city, and compositions of flowers and vertical gardening became customary, not only for the main streets, but also for industrial zones and factory buildings. Ryazan repeatedly won recognition among the cities of the Soviet Union for its landscaping. During her 26 years in office, Chumakova often accepted awards of the Red Banner of the USSR on behalf of Ryazan.

Post-Soviet period[edit]

By the time of the collapse of the Soviet Union, more than half of the city’s GDP was being exported into its satellite states. In the 1990s, Ryazan experienced significant economic troubles as part of the 1998 Russian financial crisis, with many ex-Soviet and newly established companies going bankrupt by the end of the decade.^[25] In September 1999, Ryazan suffered a series of attempted apartment bombing (see Ryazan Incident below).

As of 2001, Ryazan remained significantly influenced by its neighbor the Moscow Oblast, which exerted significant political and economic powers over it.^[26]

Culture[edit]

Architecture[edit]

Ryazan’s buildings are not characterized by any single architectural style. Many noted Russian architects worked in Ryazan, including Kazakov, who worked and died in this city, and built the house of Politech University.^{[citation needed]}

Ryazan’s churches were built between the 15th and 19th centuries. Soviet Constructivism was an important step in Ryazan architecture.

• 

  Pochtovaya street. The street is located next to Lenin’s square.

• 

  Old buildings in the city.

• 

  Noble Assembly Summer Club. After the Russian Revolution of 1917 it was renamed a Palace of people’s arts.

[edit]

In 2006 and 2007, the Public Committee in Defense of the Historical and Architectural Museum «Ryazan Kremlin» campaigned against attempts by the Diocese of Voronezh to establish ownership over the Ryazan Kremlin.^[27]

A number of environmental groups are active in the city, campaigning for the removal of illegal landfills and volunteering for water area clean up. In 2019 and 2020, these groups organized and staged ecological pickets and protests.^[28][29]

Ryazan Cycling has built bike paths in the central parks of the city. This activity attracted the attention of the government, who promise to build several similar paths passing through the whole territory of Ryazan.^{[citation needed]}

Religion[edit]

Ryazan is the seat of Diocese of Ryazan and Kasimov, an eparchy of the Russian Orthodox Church. Assumption Cathedral of the Ryazan Kremlin is one of the most important cathedrals in the city. Metropolia is the holder of the majority of religious temples in the city and the sole holder of the monasteries.

Believers is the cathedral church of All Who Sorrow Church. In addition, the city is home to a number of religious people, including Catholics, Lutherans, Baptists, Jehovah’s Witnesses, Pentecostals, Seventh-day Adventists, Mormons, Charismatics and Muhtasibat Muslims, who built the Islamic Cultural Center.

• 

  Church of Annunciation of Saint Mary [ru]. Built in 1673. One of the oldest churches built in Ryazan. Similar church can be found in Isady village. There are many scattered throughout Ryazan Oblast.

• 

• 

  Church of Nikolay Yamskoy

Tourism[edit]

Ryazan is one of the leading tourist destinations in Central Russia. The Ryazan Kremlin is a symbol and the main landmark in Ryazan. It is an ensemble of the old main of Ryazan fortress (11 cen.), churches (15 — 20 cen.) and the Palace of Oleg. Sobornaia Bell is one of the highest bells of the Orthodox Church.^{[citation needed]}

Ryazan State Museum of Art is one of the largest museums of Russian and European arts. It has paintings of F. Guardi, A. van Ostade, V. V. Kandinsky and others.

• 

  Ignatiev house

• 

  The Ryazan Kremlin

• 

  The Ryazan Kremlin court.

• 

  Ryazan Kremlin Palace

Geography[edit]

Environment[edit]

As of 2021 an environmental pollution of air in the city remain relatively high.^[30] Excessive emissions of toxic fumes and gaseous substances such as sulfur dioxide (SO₂) from neighbouring industries (i.e. oil refinery) located next to the city are often reported by local media.^[31] In December 2020 local government was trying to address the problem by finging local commercial organizations.^[32]

Climate[edit]

Ryazan has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfb).^[33] The highest temperature recorded is 39.5 °C (103.1 °F) in August 2010 while the lowest temperature recorded is −40.9 °C (−41.6 °F) in January 1940.^[34]

Government[edit]

The Ryazan city governing body is divided among City’s legislature (Ryazan City Duma), City administration and district’s courts.

Executive powers of the city are administered by a city governour, his advisers and deputies.^[35] Formal control over activities of authorities is exercised by the Public Chamber of the city of Ryazan, who work with youth involved in the headquarters of youth activists.

The City Duma is a local parliament authorized to make city-wide laws. It’s divided into sub-committees.^[36]

Ryazan is also a system of community councils areas which are deliberative bodies coordinating the work of services housing and communal services and the Department of Public Works on urban areas.

[edit]

The city also hosts different regional governing bodies: Ryazan Oblast Duma (regional parliament), Government and the Governor of the Ryazan Oblast. In two urban and one suburban residence being received at the highest level.

Administrative and municipal status[edit]

Ryazan is the administrative center of the oblast^[1] and, within the framework of administrative divisions, it also serves as the administrative center of Ryazansky District, even though it is not a part of it.^{[citation needed]} As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the city of regional significance of Ryazan^[1]—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.^{[citation needed]} As a municipal division, the city is incorporated as Ryazan Urban Circuit.^[6]

City districts[edit]

The city of Ryazan is divided into four administrative districts:

•     Moskovsky (North-Western)
•     Oktyabrsky (Eastern)
•     Sovetsky, including a separate Solotcha district (North Eastern)
•     Zheleznodorozhny (Southern)

Protests[edit]

In January 2021 the city saw a spike in protest activity. As many as 2000 people have participated in rallies in Ryazan alone as part of the 2021 Russian protests.^[37]

Education[edit]

Important educational institutions in the city include:

• Ryazan State Radio Engineering University (RSREU)
  • The university studies mechanical and electrical engineering, software development and others fields.
  • As of 2016 RSRUE in a joint mission with EPAM offered free courses in software testing automation, front-end web software development (C# and .NET), and programming in JAVA.^[38]
• Higher Paratrooper Command Academy (HPCA), Russia state-run military school training officers for the airborne forces. Because of HPCA the city is often referred as the «paratrooper capital» (Russian: Столица ВДВ). In 2010 the institution discontinued enrollment to its paratrooping program, and now focuses on training professional sergeants for the armed forces.^[39]
• Gorky Library serves Ryazan as well as Ryazan Oblast. It is the largest library in the region.
• Ryazan State Medical University (RSMU)
• Ryazan State University
• Various technological colleges

Crime[edit]

90s gangs[edit]

External images
Vyacheslav Ermolov, unknown date
Vyacheslav Ermolov (left) with members of his gang, 90s

Ryazan, like many cities in Russia after the collapse of the Soviet Union, saw a rise in crime during the 1990s. Slonovskaya organized criminal group [ru] (Russian: Слоновская ОПГ) (Slony for short), one of the largest gangs in Russia, managed to monopolize the downtown area and the criminal underworld of Ryazan. The name is literally translated as «Elephants», after one of its leaders’ height and power: Vyacheslav Ermolov Evgenievich (born 1962) nicknamed «Elephant». Before his criminal career started he was a taxi driver. The other leader was a personal driver of the vice prosecutor of the city.^[40]

In 1991, the gang became heavily involved in the racketeering of newly-privatized industries, motor vehicle sales, real estate, contract killings in other regions, participated in gang violence, kidnappings, and committed at least one armed attack on rivals which left 8 or 10 dead in November of 1993.^[41][42]

According to Russian propaganda channel, NTV, the gang was linked to local authorities.^[43] By 1995, Slony managed to briefly seize control over almost the entire business community of Ryazan. This situation continued up until 1996 when local law enforcement managed to apprehend some suspects linked to the gang. By 2000 the gang was almost completely eliminated. Some members were either sentenced to jail or were on the run.^[44] One member of the group allegedly committed suicide in a detention center of Tolyatti in 2016 and another in Ryazan according to Russian sources.^[45] Slony’s chief leader, Ermolov is still wanted as of August 2021.^[45]

In the same period, evidence was gathered against the former (4th) mayor and chairman of city duma, Fyodor Provotorov [ru]. Provotorova held powerful positions in the city for eight years, and, according to local authorities, was associated with the activities of the Slony gang.

Besides Slony, there were two other powerful criminal groups which rivaled Slony and were active in 1996-2001: Osokyn’s gang [ru] and Airapetov’s gang [ru] . By the 2018 many of Elephants served their prison terms and were freed.^[46] Some of members of the Osokyn’s gang were sentenced up to 20 years in 2011. Its leader who is currently a fugitive was allegedly apprehended in 2016 by Ukrainian authorities in Ukraine.

Ryazan Incident[edit]

In 1999 a group of allegedly plain-clothes FSB officers attempted to blow up a building on the East side of the city. The event is known as the Ryazan Incident.^[47][48]

2000s[edit]

Today, the crime rate in Ryazan is one of the lowest among the cities of the Central Federal District according to the Russian Interior Ministry. In the first six-months of 2012, 579.6 crimes were reported per hundred-thousand people, almost half the Central Federal District average of 839 reported crimes per hundred-thousand people. The low crime rate in Ryazan is often attributed to increased number of police patrols, high number of military schools, and voluntary militias headquarters distributed throughout the city’s districts.^{[citation needed]}

Economy[edit]

Major industry enterprises in the city include a military radio electronics production plant and an oil refinery (subsidiary of Rosneft, JSC Ryazan Oil Refining Company).^[49] The plant can refine 17 million metric tons of oil per year^[39] and is the city’s largest employer.

Around a quarter of the city’s population works in the electronics industry. The most notable company in this sector is Plazma, which produces plasma screens for products including tanks and locomotives. In 1994, the company created a 50-50 research and development joint-venture with the South Korean company Orion PDP. In addition to plasma technology, Plazma produces LCD screens, industrial gas lasers and medical lasers. The company exports its products to the United States, China, and Israel, among others.^[39]

In 1993 software development company EPAM Systems entered the Ryazan market. As of 2016 it worked in joint venture with RSREU helping to teach students for free.^[38]

In 2012 Russian search giant Yandex launched the 40MW data center in Sasovo; it is expected to accommodate 100,000 servers by 2019.^[50]

A steel casting company in the northwestern section of the city produces heavy steelworks and product, including industrial steel pipes for use in nuclear power plants. The plant employs a centrifugal casting method.^{[citation needed]}

Public transportation[edit]

A railway connects city to the Moscow (since 1864) via two train stations: Ryazan I ^[ru] and Ryazan II ^[ru]; both of which are part of the Ryazan railroad transit system within the city’s borders.^[51]

• 

  LiAZ-6212 articulated bus

• 

  Electric locomotives are common transportation used throughout Russia.

Airports[edit]

The Dyagilevo strategic bomber base is just west of the city, and the Alexandrovo air base is to the southeast, as is Turlatovo Airport.

Notable people[edit]

Arts[edit]

• Alexander Alexandrov (1883–1946), composer
• Erast Garin (1902–1980), comic actor
• Alexander Genis (born 1953), writer, broadcaster and cultural critic
• Yuri Kholopov (1932–2003), musicologist, music theorist, doctor of arts, and professor of the Moscow Conservatoire
• Maximilian Kravkov (1887–1937), writer
• Andrei Mironov (born 1975), painter
• Konstantin Paustovsky (1892–1968), writer
• Alexander Pirogov (1899–1964), bass opera singer
• Yakov Polonsky (1819–1898), writer
• Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin (1826–1889), satirist
• Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn (1918–2008), writer
• Sergei Yesenin (1895–1925), poet
• Semen Zhivago (1807–1863), historical painter

Athletics[edit]

• Anton Belov (born 1986), professional ice hockey defenceman
• Olga Kaliturina (born 1976), high jumper
• Maria Kalmykova (born 1978), basketball player
• Yuri Kuleshov (born 1981), professional football defensive midfielder
• Irina Meleshina (born 1982), long jumper
• Ivan Nifontov (born 1987), judoka
• Sergei Panov (born 1970), basketball player
• Konstantin Selyavin (born 1974), former Russian professional football player
• Kirill Sosunov (born 1975), long jumper
• Alexandra Trusova (born 2004), figure skater

Engineering and science[edit]

• Andrey Arkhangelsky (1879–1940), geologist
• Victor Balykin (born 1947), Russian physicist
• Vladimir Gulevich (1867–1933), biochemist
• Aleksei Kozhevnikov (1836–1902), neurologist and psychiatrist
• Nikolai Kravkov (1865–1924), pharmacologist
• Sergey P. Kravkov (1873–1938), soil scientist
• Sergey V. Kravkov (1893–1951), psychologist and psychophysiologist
• Andrey Markov (1856–1922), mathematician
• Ivan Michurin (1855–1935), biologist
• Sergey Nepobedimy (1921–2014), designer of rocket weaponry
• Ivan Pavlov (1849–1936), physiologist
• Konstantin Tsiolkovsky (1857–1935), engineer

Others[edit]

• Dmitry Andreikin (born 1990), chess grandmaster
• Roman Putin (born 1977), businessman
• Lydia Fotiyeva (1881–1975), Bolshevik revolutionary

Twin towns and sister cities[edit]

Ryazan is twinned with:^[52]

References[edit]

Notes[edit]

Sources[edit]

• Рязанская областная Дума. Закон №128-ОЗ от 12 сентября 2007 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Рязанской области», в ред. Закона №56-ОЗ от 27 июля 2012 г. «О внесении изменения в статью 7 Закона Рязанской области «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Рязанской области»». Вступил в силу через десять дней после официального опубликования. Опубликован: «Рязанские ведомости», №273, 20 сентября 2007 г. (Ryazan Oblast Duma. Law #128-OZ of September 12, 2007 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Ryazan Oblast, as amended by the Law #56-OZ of July 27, 2012 On Amending Article 7 of the Law of Ryazan Oblast «On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Ryazan Oblast». Effective as of the day ten days after the official publication.).
• Рязанская областная Дума. Закон №75-ОЗ от 7 октября 2004 г. «О наделении муниципального образования — город Рязань статусом городского округа и установлении его границ», в ред. Закона №77-ОЗ от 9 июля 2008 г «Об утверждении границы муниципального образования — городской округ город Рязань». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: «Рязанские ведомости», №212–213, 14 октября 2004 г. (Ryazan Oblast Duma. Law #75-OZ of October 7, 2004 On Granting Urban Okrug Status to the Municipal Formation of the City of Ryazan and on Establishing Its Borders, as amended by the Law #77-OZ of July 9, 2008 On Establishing the Border of the Municipal Formation—the Urban Okrug of the City of Ryazan. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
• Рязанская областная Дума. Закон №74-ОЗ от 7 октября 2004 г. «О наделении муниципального образования — Рязанский район статусом муниципального района, об установлении его границ и границ муниципальных образований, входящих в его состав», в ред. Закона №45-ОЗ от 9 апреля 2008 г «Об утверждении границы муниципального образования — Рязанский муниципальный район и границ муниципальных образований, входящих в его состав». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: «Рязанские ведомости», №212–213 (без приложений), 14 октября 2004 г. (Ryazan Oblast Duma. Law #74-OZ of October 7, 2004 On Granting the Municipal Formation of Ryazansky District the Status of a Municipal District, on Establishing Its Borders and the Borders of the Municipal Formations It Comprises, as amended by the Law #45-OZ of April 9, 2008 On Establishing the Border of the Municipal Formation of Ryazansky Munipal Districts and the Borders of the Municipal Formations It Comprises. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).

Further reading[edit]

• «Riazan». Hand-book for Travellers in Russia, Poland, and Finland (2nd ed.). London: John Murray. 1868.
• Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). «Ryazan (government)» . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 948.
• Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). «Ryazan (town)» . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 948–949.

External links[edit]

• Official website of Ryazan (in Russian)
• Unofficial website of Ryazan (in Russian)
• Unofficial website of Ryazan region (in Russian)
• Photos of Ryazan
• Photos of Ryazan (in Russian)
• The Uspensky cathedral (inside the Ryazan kremlin)
• Konstantinovo (motherland of the Sergei Yesenin) and other photos.
• Photos of historical part of Ryazan

History of Ryazan

Foundation of today’s Ryazan

The first settlements arose on the territory of today’s Ryazan as early as the Middle Paleolithic era (from 300,000 to 30,000 years ago). Near the city, in the village of Dubrovichi, archaeologists discovered a flint ax made more than 80 thousand years ago — the most ancient material monument found in the Ryazan region.

Slavic tribes, in this case the Vyatichi, came to the Oka around the 6th century AD. Already in the 7th-8th centuries, a whole network of settlements was founded around the future Ryazan. These people were mainly engaged in arable farming.

Until the middle of the 10th century, the Vyatichi, like several other East Slavic tribal unions, were politically dependent on the Khazar Khaganate (650-969). The Old Russian state played the decisive role in its decline. In 964, Prince Svyatoslav freed the last Slavic tribe of the Vyatichi dependent on the Khazars. The Ryazan and Murom lands were included into the Old Russian state.

The presence of several large settlements on this territory led to the need to create a single military center. In 1095, the town of Pereyaslavl-Ryazansky was founded on a high hill at the confluence of the Trubezh and Lybid rivers.

More Historical Facts…

Streets of Ryazan

Ryazan — Features

Ryazan, one of the oldest cities in Central Russia, is located in the center of the East European Plain, in the northwestern part of Ryazan Oblast. It is included in the so-called inner ring of large cities located 150-200 km from Moscow.

About 50 km downstream of the Oka River there is a historical and landscape museum-reserve Old Ryazan — the old capital of the Great Ryazan principality. The present city (initially known as Pereyaslavl-Ryazansky) was renamed in its honor in 1778.

The climate of the city is moderately continental. Summer in Ryazan is warm, winter is moderately cold. The average temperature in July is plus 19.2 degrees Celsius, in February — minus 7.9 degrees Celsius.

The coat of arms and flag of Ryazan represent the image of the Prince holding a silver sword in his right hand, and a silver scabbard in his left. The sword raised to the chest symbolizes defense. The Prince is a collective image of the defender of the Motherland and has nothing to do with a specific person. The City Day of Ryazan is celebrated on the first Saturday in August.

The favorable economic and geographical position of Ryazan on the navigable Oka River, proximity to Moscow predetermined the significant development of the city. Ryazan is crossed by the M5 Ural Highway, railway lines to the south and to the center of Russia. The leading local industries are tool making, machine tool building, power engineering, petrochemistry, mechanical engineering, metallurgy, building materials industry, woodworking, food and flour-and-cereal industries.

Main Attractions of Ryazan

Ryazan Kremlin — the oldest part of Ryazan, a historical and architectural open-air museum-reserve, an architectural monument of federal importance. The construction of stone fortifications in Pereyaslavl-Ryazansky (today’s Ryazan) began in the 15th century. The main structures built in the 17th century have survived to this day. In total, the Ryazan Kremlin ensemble includes 18 monuments of history and culture of the 11th-19th centuries. You can reach it by any public transport that goes to Sobornaya Square.

Assumption Cathedral (1663-1699) — the main dominant of the Ryazan Kremlin built in the Naryshkin Baroque style. The stylized image of this cathedral is one of the symbols of Ryazan. The Assumption Cathedral and its bell tower are built in such a way that they can be seen from almost anywhere in the city. For a long time, they served as a visual reference point when navigating on the Oka River. Inside there is a magnificent 27-meter iconostasis, consisting of 7 tiers and decorated with stone carvings — a real masterpiece of decorative art.

Nativity of Christ Cathedral — the first stone building on the territory of the Ryazan Kremlin and one of the oldest buildings in Ryazan Oblast. The cathedral was founded by the Grand Prince Oleg Ryazansky on the territory of his court at the end of the 14th century. In the 14th-15th centuries, five Ryazan princes and three princesses were buried in the Nativity of Christ Cathedral. As a result of numerous reconstructions, the current architectural appearance of this cathedral combines elements of baroque and classicism.

Palace of Prince Oleg — the largest civil building on the territory of the Ryazan Kremlin, which was built in stages over the 17th-19th centuries. Until the 16th century, a princely court with bishops chambers was located here. Today, the premises of the palace house the exposition “From Rus to Russia”, as well as exhibitions “Old Ryazan” and “The Legend of Evpatiy Kolovrat”.

Soborny (Cathedral) Park — a public garden located near the Ryazan Kremlin, where residents and visitors of the city like to stroll in the shade of trees. The most convenient way to get to Soborny Park is from Sobornaya Square, through the front entrance with columns. The main alley of this park leads to the Ryazan Kremlin and the Ryazan Embankment. There are several interesting sights here: the Church of the Savior on Yar, Ilyinsky Cathedral, the monument to Sergei Yesenin, the chapel of the 900th anniversary of Ryazan. It is a place where you can buy Ryazan souvenirs, ride horses.

Ryazan Art Museum named after Ivan Pozhalostin — one of the oldest art museums in Russia. The collection includes about 12,000 works of Russian and Western European art of the late 15th-20th centuries: paintings, graphics, sculptures, decorative and applied art, folk art. The collection of Western European art includes paintings by Italian, Dutch, French artists, porcelain from Germany, France, and England.

The collection of Russian art includes Old Russian icons and sculptures, Russian paintings, sculptures and graphics of the 18th-20th centuries, including works by local artists, porcelain, glass, and furniture. A significant section of the collection is the folk art of the Ryazan land: costumes, weaving, embroidery, lace, ceramics, clay toys. Svobody Street, 57.

Museum of the History of the Airborne Forces — the first and largest official museum on this subject. On both sides of the entrance, on the pedestals, you can see combat vehicles, artillery and airborne self-propelled guns. The basis of the exposition is made up of banners of airborne divisions and brigades that participated in the Second World War, examples of Russian and foreign small arms, parachutes, military equipment. Margelova Square, 1. The historical and memorial hall of military equipment and weapons of the Airborne Forces, a branch of this museum, is located at Voyennykh Avtomobilistov Street, 12.

Memorial Museum-Estate of Academician Ivan Pavlov — one of the most famous sights of Ryazan located in its center. The complex consists of picturesque wooden buildings, among which there is a two-storey house of the early 20th century, where the world famous physiologist Ivan Pavlov, the first Russian Nobel Prize winner, lived. Inside, the historic interior was recreated with Pavlov’s personal belongings. Pavlova Street, 25.

Summer Club of the Noble Assembly (1905) — a beautiful wooden house decorated with skillful carvings, the main decoration of the Ryazan City Park. Until 1917, the local aristocracy met here to chat, discuss current events, or just relax on pleasant summer evenings. Today, it houses the center of folk art. Uritskogo Street, 72.

Sculpture “Mushrooms with Eyes” — an interesting sculpture dedicated to the famous Ryazan proverb about mushrooms — “In Ryazan, mushrooms have eyes.” Allegedly, because of this, it is difficult to gather mushrooms in the surrounding forests. The art object depicts a whole family: a father mushroom and his two sons surrounded by forest dwellers. It was installed on the territory of the Lower City Garden in 2013. Lenina Street, 26.

Long-range aviation museum at the Dyagilevo air base. The exposition of this thematic museum and exhibition complex brings together a large number of objects related to the history of the development and use of military aviation of the USSR and Russia: combat aircraft, examples of weapons and equipment, uniforms, equipment, personal belongings and awards of pilots, documents, maps, photographs, etc. It is located about 11 km west of Ryazan. A visit to this museum is possible only as part of an excursion group (5+ people) and by prior arrangement. The tour takes two hours and you can take pictures for free.

Sergei Yesenin Museum-Reserve in Konstantinovo. This museum complex located about 40 km from Ryazan is devoted to one of the most well-known Russian poets of the 20th century. The main building is the wooden house of the poet’s parents, where his personal belongings and old photographs of the family are kept. In the 1980s, a whole ensemble of museum buildings was formed in Konstantinovo, which included the estate of L. I. Kashina with an adjoining park, a village school building, the Church of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God, and other objects.

Starozhilovsky Stud Farm. It was founded by order of Baron von Dervies in the 1890s. The stud farm building constructed in the Gothic style by the architect Fyodor Shekhtel is of particular interest. Unfortunately, during the Second World War, during the evacuation across the Oka, all the horses died. Today, about 300 horses are kept here. The stud farm is located about 55 km south of Ryazan in the village of Starozhilovo.

Другие языки

метки: Рязань, Перевод, Английский, Город, История, Посетить, Радость, Картинка

Хочу рассказать вам о прекрасном месте под названием Рязань, о ее широтах, замечательных улочках, незабываемых закатах солнца, о ее древней и увлекательной истории. Рязань считает одним из не просто старейших, а древнейших городов России. Располагается этот город в ста восьмидесяти километрах от Москвы и берет свое историческое начало от берега Оки.

Весьма интересна и занимательна Рязанская история. До конца восемнадцатого века город величали Переяславлем — Рязанским. А вот имя «Рязань» было присвоено лишь в конце 1778 г, тот же год был ознаменован присвоением рязанской области собственного герба. Рязанские земли отличались удивительным плодородием еще с двенадцатого века. В XIV веке, судя историческим данным, каждый торговец на русских землях знал о торговом пути, что проходил через рязанский край, большое движение товаров помогло Рязани стать торговым центром. Не за горами и строительство Кремля.

Говоря о народе Рязани, можно без преуменьшения воспевать их мужество и отвагу. Ведь в первых рядах войск при защите нашей родины были именно Рязанцы. Есть весьма интересная легенда, которая гласит, что во время Великой Отечественной войны командование запретило немцам бомбить исторический центр Рязани, поэтому местный кремль уцелел. Даже Монгольское нашествие не смогло сломить этих отважных жителей. В Рязани много героев и о них никто не забывает, их имена увековечены в названиях улиц и площадей.

Рязань — это город, которому есть чем гордиться. Урожденными Рязанцами были многие известные люди, такие как: Иван Павлов, мать Петра Первого, поэт Сергей Есенин, братья Уткины, Константин Циолковский, и многие другие выдающиеся люди. Конечно же, нельзя промолчать о достопримечательностях Рязанского края. Знаменитый Успенский собор олицетворяет всю старинность этого города, построен он в самом конце XVII века Яковом Бухвостовым. Размеры этого сооружения просто поразят Вас, а внутри все так же прекрасно выстлан уникальный и весьма старинный иконостас.

Несмотря на свои годы Рязань хорошеет на глазах. Рядом со старыми постройками вырастают новые строения, которые не нарушают всю археологическую старинность этого города. Рязани славится и своей необыкновенностью возьмите даже наше скульптуры : «Свинья-копилка», «Конституция 1936 года» и «Грибы с глазами». Посетив наш город вы унесете с собой множество прекрасных историй и увлекательных моментов. Рязань с радостью распахнет свои объятия и погрузит Вас в увлекательное путешествия по старинным местам.

2 стр., 734 слов

Сочинение репортаж площадь победы рязань

… на параде на центральной площади десантников. Ведь это еще одна достопримечательность нашего города – Рязанское высшее воздушно-десантное училище имени генерала В.Ф. Маргелова. Рязань … удовольствием фотографируются горожане и туристы. Рязань уникальна еще и тем, что в наших купеческих … памятники и сооружения 14-15 веков. В постройках сегодня открыты музеи. На территории музея-заповедника Рязанский …

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Картинка к сочинению Рязань

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