Республика северная осетия алания на английском как пишется

Republic of North Ossetia–Alania
Republic
Республика Северная Осетия — Алания
Other transcription(s)
• Ossetian	Республикӕ Цӕгат Ирыстон — Алани
Flag Coat of arms
Anthem: State Anthem of the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania^[3]

Coordinates: 43°11′N 44°14′E / 43.183°N 44.233°ECoordinates: 43°11′N 44°14′E / 43.183°N 44.233°E
Country	Russia
Federal district	North Caucasian^[1]
Economic region	North Caucasus^[2]
Capital	Vladikavkaz^[4]
Government
• Body	Parliament^[5]
• Head^[5]	Sergey Menyaylo^[6]
Area ^[7]
• Total	8,000.11 km² (3,088.86 sq mi)
• Rank	79th
Population (2010 Census)^[8]
• Total	712,980
• Estimate (2018)^[9]	701,765 (−1.6%)
• Rank	65th
• Density	89/km² (230/sq mi)
• Urban	63.8%
• Rural	36.2%
Time zone	UTC+3 (MSK ^[10])
ISO 3166 code	RU-SE
License plates	15
OKTMO ID	90000000
Official languages	Russian;^[11] Ossetian^[12]
Website	www.rso-a.ru

The Republic of North Ossetia–Alania^[a] is a republic of Russia situated in the North Caucasus of Eastern Europe. Its population according to the 2010 Census was 712,980.^[8] The republic’s capital city is the city of Vladikavkaz, located on the foothills of the Caucasus Mountains.

Forming 65.1% of the republic’s population as of 2010, the Ossetians are an Iranian ethnic group native to the republic and neighboring South Ossetia.^[8] Ossetian is an east Iranian language descended from medieval Alanic and ancient Sarmatian.^[14] Unlike many groups in the North Caucasus, Ossetians are predominantly Christians. However, almost 30% of the population adheres to Ossetian ethnic religion, generally called Uatsdin (Уацдин, «True Faith»), and a sizable Muslim minority exists.^[15] Ethnic Russians and Ingush, who form a majority in neighboring Ingushetia, form substantial minorities in the republic.^[8]

The Ossetia region traces its history back to the ancient Alans, who founded the Kingdom of Alania in the 8th century and adopted Christianity in the 9th century. The kingdom would fall to the Mongols in the 13th century, and by the 17th century would be under the nominal rule of Safavid Iran. From 1774 to 1806, Ossetia was slowly incorporated into the Russian Empire, which would split the region into a northern part included in the Terek Oblast, and a southern one included in the Tiflis and Kutaisi governorates. This partition would persist in the Soviet period, where North Ossetia was made into the Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic within the Russian SFSR, while South Ossetia became an autonomous oblast within the Georgian SSR.^[16]

Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the republic experienced internal conflict like in much of the North Caucasus. In 1992, a brief ethnic war between Ossetians and the predominantly Muslim Ingush population in the Prigorodny District took place. The republic has experienced spillover from the Chechen conflict, most notably in the form of the 2004 Beslan school siege.^[17] Proposals for Russia to annex South Ossetia in order to incorporate the two as one entity exist to this day.

Ossetian cuisine is distinguished as an integral aspect of Ossetian culture. Ossetian-style pies such as Fydzhin (a meat pie) are a quintessential component of Ossetian cuisine. The «three pies» concept holds special symbolic significance, and representing the Sun, Earth, and water.^[18]

Name[edit]

In the last years of the Soviet Union, as nationalist movements swept throughout the Caucasus, many intellectuals in the North Ossetian ASSR called for the revival of the name of Alania, a medieval kingdom of the Alans.

The term «Alania» quickly became popular in Ossetian daily life through the names of various enterprises, a TV channel, political and civic organizations, publishing house, football team, etc. In November 1994, the name «Alania» was officially added to the republic’s title (Republic of North Ossetia–Alania).^[19]

Geography[edit]

The republic is located in the North Caucasus. The northern part of the republic is situated in the Stavropol Plain. 22% of the republic’s territory is covered by forests.

Area: 8,000 square kilometers (3,100 sq mi)
Borders:
- internal: Kabardino-Balkaria (W/NW/N), Stavropol Krai (N), Chechnya (NE/E), Ingushetia (E/SE)
- international: Georgia (including South Ossetia; Mtskheta-Mtianeti, Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti and Shida Kartli) (SE/S/SW)
Highest point: Mount Kazbek (5,033 meters (16,512 ft))
Maximum north–south distance: 130 kilometers (81 mi)
Maximum east–west distance: 120 kilometers (75 mi)

Rivers[edit]

All of the republic’s rivers belong to the drainage basin of the Terek River. Major rivers include:

Terek River (~600 km)
Urukh River (104 km)
Ardon River (101 km)
Kambileyevka River (99 km)
Gizeldon River (81 km)
Fiagdon River
Sunzha River (278 km)

Mountains[edit]

All of the mountains located on the territory of the republic are a part of the Caucasus. Mount Kazbek is the highest point (5,033 m), with Mount Dzhimara being the second-highest (4,780 m).

Natural resources[edit]

Natural resources include minerals (copper, silver, zinc), timber, mineral waters, hydroelectric power, and untapped reserves of oil and gas.

Climate[edit]

The climate is moderately continental.

Average January temperature: −5 °C (23 °F)
Average July temperature: +24 °C (75 °F)
Average annual precipitation: 400–700 millimeters (16–28 in) in the plains; over 1,000 millimeters (39 in) in the mountains.

History[edit]

Ossetian tribes (both North and South) according to B. A. Kaloev.^[20]

Early history: Kingdom of Alania and Middle Ages[edit]

The territory of North Ossetia was first inhabited by Caucasian tribes. Some Nomadic Alans settled in the region in the 7th century, forming the Kingdom of Alania. It was eventually converted to Christianity by missionaries from Byzantium.

Alania greatly profited from the Silk Road which passed through its territory. At the time of the Mongol invasions of nearby Durdzuketia (modern Chechnya and Ingushetia), the Kingdom of Alania was multiethnic and included Dzurdzuks in its population.^[21]

After the Middle Ages, the Mongols’ and Tartars’ repeated invasions decimated the population, now known as the Ossetians. Islam was introduced to the region in the 17th century by Kabardians.

Russian imperial rule (1806–1917)[edit]

Conflicts between the Khanate of Crimea and the Ottoman Empire eventually pushed Ossetia into an alliance with Imperial Russia in the 18th century. Soon, Russia established a military base in the capital, Vladikavkaz, making it the first Russian-controlled area in the northern Caucasus. By 1806, Ossetia was under complete Russian control.

The Russians’ rule led to rapid development of industry and railways which overcame its isolation. The first books from the area came during the late 18th century, and became part of the Terskaya Region of Russia in the mid-19th century.

Soviet period (1917–1990)[edit]

Border changes after World War I.

The Russian Revolution of 1917 resulted in North Ossetia being merged into the Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in 1921. It then became the North Ossetian Autonomous Oblast on 7 July 1924, then merged into the North Ossetian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic on 5 December 1936. In World War II, it was subject to a number of attacks by Nazi German invaders unsuccessfully trying to seize Vladikavkaz in 1942.

The North Ossetian ASSR declared itself the autonomous republic of the Soviet Union on 20 June 1990. Its name was changed to the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania in 1994.

Russian Federation period (1990–present)[edit]

The dissolution of the Soviet Union posed particular problems for the Ossetian people, who were divided between North Ossetia, which was part of the Russian SFSR, and South Ossetia, part of the Georgian SSR. In December 1990, the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR abolished the autonomous Ossetian enclave amid the rising ethnic tensions in the region, which was further fanned by Moscow; a lot of the conflict zone population, faced with the ethnic cleansing, was forced to flee across the border to either North Ossetia or Georgia proper.

As a result, some 70,000 South Ossetian refugees were resettled in North Ossetia. Additionally, North Ossetia provoked the predominantly Ingush population in the Prigorodny District, which sparked the Ossetian–Ingush conflict. The results of the conflict were that 7,000 Ossetians and 64,000 Ingush refugees had to flee their homes.^[22] On 23 March 1995, North Ossetia–Alania signed a power-sharing agreement with the federal government, granting it autonomy.^[23] However, this agreement was abolished on 2 September 2002.^[24]

Following the de facto independence of South Ossetia, there have been proposals in this state of joining Russia and uniting with North Ossetia. As well as dealing with the effects of the conflict in South Ossetia, North Ossetia has had to deal with refugees and the occasional spillover of fighting from the wars around them. This notably manifested in the form of the 2004 Beslan school siege by Chechen terrorists.^[17]

Administrative divisions[edit]

Modern map of the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania

Economy[edit]

In recent years, North Ossetia–Alania’s economic development has been successful; the indicators of the republic’s social and economic development between 2005 and 2007 revealed a stable growth of all sectors of the economy and major social parameters. The nature and climatic conditions of the republic contribute to the successful development of various economic sectors, which is compounded by the abundance of natural resources. Gross regional product pro capita of the region in 2006 was 61,000 rubles ($2,596) and increased 30% in the 2005–2007 time period.^[25] GRP pro capita in 2007 was 76,455 rubles.^[26] From 2005 to 2007, the average monthly wage in North Ossetia–Alania doubled, with the actual cash earnings increased by 42.5 percent. In terms of the average monthly wage growth, the Republic ranks first in the North Caucasus.^[25]

The regional government’s economic priorities include industrial growth, development of small enterprise, spas, and resorts, and strengthening the budgetary and tax discipline.^[27]

The largest companies in the region include Elektrozinc, Sevkavkazenergo, Pobedit (tungsten and molybdenum producer).^[28]

Natural resources, agriculture, and industry[edit]

The most widespread resources are zinc- and lead-containing complex ores. There are deposits of limestone, dolomites, marble, and touchstone. There is also a large availability of construction materials, such as clay, sand, and gravel. The local oil deposit reserves are estimated at 10 million metric tons.^[25]

The agricultural sector is varied and specializes in the cultivation of wheat, corn, and sunflowers; horticulture; viticulture; and cattle and sheep breeding.^[29]^[30]

North Ossetia’s industry is mainly concentrated in Vladikavkaz. Major companies located here include Elektrotsink, Gazoapparat, an instrument-making plant, Elektrokontraktor, a factory producing automotive electrical equipment, a large-panel construction complex, and companies in the food industry. The Sadonsky industrial center has grown around the mining and forest industries.^[30]

Tourism[edit]

Despite the proximity to Chechnya, North Ossetia is making efforts to develop its tourist industry.^[31] Projects under a program for spa, resort, and tourism development have been successfully implemented in the mountainous part of the republic, according to the head of the regional government.^[27] There are nearly 3,000 historical monuments in the Republic and more than half of its area is occupied by Alania National Park, the North Ossetia National Preserve, and game preserves.

There are more than 250 therapeutic, mineral, and freshwater springs in the republic with estimated daily reserves of 15,000 cubic meters. Besides providing the basis for health spas, these mineral waters also have the potential to be bottled and sold. North Ossetian mineral waters are known for their unique qualities, as well as special mineral composition.^[30]^[31]

Infrastructure[edit]

In terms of its infrastructure, North Ossetia–Alania ranks second in the Southern Federal District and 10th in the nation.^[25] The republic has some of the most extensive telecommunication networks in the North Caucasus region and in Russia. It ranks first in terms of its telecom network installations in the Southern Federal District.

The republic ranks fourth in Russia in terms of its paved roads, and its expanding transport and logistics complex provides communication networks between Russia and the South Caucasus, as well as Central Asia. The complex includes two federal highways (Georgian Military Road connects Vladikavkaz with Transcaucasia) running across the Greater Caucasus Range, two customs checkpoints for cars, a developed railway network, Vladikavkaz international airport, and well-equipped transport terminals.^[25]

Demographics[edit]

Population: 712,980 (2010 Census);^[8] 710,275 (2002 Census);^[32] 634,009 (1989 Census).^[33]

Number of refugees: 12,570^[34]

Life expectancy:^[35]^[36]

	2019	2021
Average:	75.8 years	72.5 years
Male:	70.5 years	68.1 years
Female:	80.6 years	76.5 years

Life expectancy at birth in North Ossetia ^[35]^[36]
Life expectancy with calculated differences
Life expectancy in North Ossetia in comparison with neighboring regions of the country

Settlements[edit]

Largest cities or towns in North Ossetia–Alania 2010 Russian Census
	Rank		Administrative Division	Pop.
Vladikavkaz Mozdok	1	Vladikavkaz	City of republic significance of Vladikavkaz	311,693
2	Mozdok	Mozdoksky District	38,768
3	Beslan	Pravoberezhny District	36,728
4	Alagir	Alagirsky District	20,949
5	Ardon	Ardonsky District	18,774
6	Elkhotovo	Kirovsky District	12,626
7	Sunzha	Prigorodny District	11,715
8	Nogir	Prigorodny District	11,480
9	Digora	Digorsky District	10,856
10	Kizlyar	Mozdoksky District	10,813

Vital statistics[edit]

^[37]	Average population (per 1000)	Live births	Deaths	Natural change	Crude birth rate (per 1000)	Crude death rate (per 1000)	Natural change (per 1000)	Fertility rates
1970	554	9,731	3,964	5,767	17.6	7.2	10.4
1975	575	10,368	4,664	5,704	18.0	8.1	9.9
1980	598	10,135	5,821	4,314	16.9	9.7	7.2
1985	617	11,598	6,047	5,551	18.8	9.8	9.0
1990	49	10,967	6,166	4,801	16.9	9.5	7.4	2.23
1991	679	10,985	6,694	4,291	16.2	9.9	6.3	2.09
1992	683	10,048	7,125	2,923	14.7	10.4	4.3	1.89
1993	661	8,251	7,872	379	12.5	11.9	0.6	1.67
1994	666	8,806	8,329	477	13.2	12.5	0.7	1.79
1995	674	8,781	8,574	207	13.0	12.7	0.3	1.78
1996	680	8,043	8,514	−471	11.8	12.5	−0.7	1.62
1997	681	7,758	8,378	−620	11.4	12.3	−0.9	1.56
1998	683	7,767	8,188	−421	11.4	12.0	−0.6	1.56
1999	689	7,195	8,412	−1,217	10.4	12.2	−1.8	1.43
2000	699	7,179	8,626	−1,447	10.3	12.3	−2.0	1.39
2001	707	7,317	8,205	−888	10.3	11.6	−1.3	1.39
2002	709	7,874	8,753	−879	11.1	12.3	−1.2	1.47
2003	709	7,978	8,952	−974	11.3	12.6	−1.4	1.48
2004	707	7,893	8,663	−770	11.2	12.2	−1.1	1.46
2005	706	7,894	8,654	−760	11.2	12.3	−1.1	1.46
2006	706	8,308	8,138	170	11.8	11.5	0.2	1.53
2007	706	9,556	7,806	1,750	13.5	11.1	2.5	1.76
2008	708	9,981	7,975	2,006	14.1	11.3	2.8	1.83
2009	710	10,017	7,987	2,030	14.1	11.3	2.9	1.84
2010	712	10,303	7,748	2,555	14.5	10.8	3.7	1.88
2011	715	10,375	7,720	2,655	14.5	10.8	3.7	1.88
2012	708	10,801	7,525	3,276	15.3	10.6	4.7	1.96
2013	705	10,760	7,394	3,366	15.3	10.5	4.8	1.98
2014	705	10,798	7,554	3,244	15.3	10.7	4.6	2.01
2015	704	10,341	7,558	2,783	14.6	10.7	3.9	1.93
2016	704	9,916	7,296	2,620	14.1	10.3	3.8	1.89
2017	702	8,992	7,151	1,841	12.8	10.2	2.6	1.75
2018		9,120	7,145	1,975	13.0	10.2	2.8	1.83
2019		8,589	7,220	1,369	12.3	10.3	2.0	1.75
2020		8,157	8,361	-204	11.7	12.0	-0.3	1.72
2021		8,091	9,784	-1,693	11.7	14.1	-2.4	1.71

Ethnic groups[edit]

The majority of the population of North Ossetia are Christians who belong to the Russian Orthodox Church, although there is also a Muslim minority who are of Ossetian-speaking origin.

According to the 2021 Census,^[38] Ossetians make up 68.1% of the republic’s population. Other groups include Russians (18.9%), Ingush (3.8%), Kumyks (2.8%), Armenians (1.8%), Georgians (1.0%), and a host of smaller groups, each accounting for less than 1% of the total population.

Ethnic group	1926 Census¹	1939 Census	1959 Census	1970 Census	1979 Census	1989 Census	2002 Census	2010 Census	2021 Census²
Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%
Ossetians	141,723	49.6%	165,616	50.3%	215,463	47.8%	269,326	48.7%	299,022	50.5%	334,876	53.0%	445,310	62.7%	459,688	65.1%	439,949	68.1%
Russians	68,192	23.8%	122,614	37.2%	178,654	39.6%	202,367	36.6%	200,692	33.9%	189,159	29.9%	164,734	23.2%	147,090	20.8%	122,240	18.9%
Ingush	23,851	8.3%	6,106	1.9%	6,071	1.3%	18,387	3.3%	23,663	4.0%	32,783	5.2%	21,442	3.0%	28,336	4.0%	24,285	3.8%
Kumyks	3,153	1.1%	85	0.0%	3,921	0.9%	6,363	1.2%	7,610	1.3%	9,478	1.5%	12,659	1.8%	16,092	2.3%	18,054	2.8%
Armenians	9,185	3.2%	8,932	2.7%	12,012	2.7%	13,355	2.4%	12,912	2.2%	13,619	2.2%	17,147	2.4%	16,235	2.3%	11,668	1.8%
Georgians	6,057	2.1%	6,312	1.9%	8,160	1.8%	10,323	1.9%	11,347	1.9%	12,284	1.9%	10,803	1.5%	9,095	1.3%	6,756	1.0%
Ukrainians	19,101	6.7%	7,063	2.1%	9,362	2.1%	9,250	1.7%	10,574	1.8%	10,088	1.6%	5,198	0.7%	3,251	0.4%	925	0.1%
Others	14,690	5.1%	12,477	3.8%	16,938	3.8%	23,210	4.2%	26,182	4.4%	30,141	4.8%	32,982	4.6%	26,636	3.8%	22,418	3.5%
¹ The results of the 1926 census refer to the present territory, which is a combination of the North Ossetian AO, the city of Vladikavkaz and adjacent areas.^[39] ² 41,062 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.^[40]

Languages[edit]

There are two official languages in North Ossetia: Russian, which is official in all Russian territory, and Ossetian. Ossetian is an Indo-European language, belonging to the East Iranian group. Ossetian is one of the few Iranic languages spoken natively in Europe. Russian, acting as a lingua franca in the region, is an East Slavic language and as such also belongs to the Indo-European family, which means the two languages are related, albeit distantly.

Religion[edit]

According to a 2012 survey which interviewed 56,900 people,^[15] 49% of the population of North Ossetia–Alania adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church, 10% declare to be unaffiliated Christian believers, 2% are either Orthodox Christian believers who do not belong to churches or members of non-Russian Orthodox bodies. The second-largest religion is Ossetian ethnic religion, generally called Uatsdin (Уацдин, «True Faith»), a Scythian religion organized into movements such as the Atsætæ Church, comprising 29% of the population. Muslims constitute 15% of the population, and Protestants the 1%. In addition, 1% of the population declares to be «spiritual but not religious» and 3% to be atheist.^[15]

Education[edit]

The most important facilities of higher education include North Caucasus State Technological University, North Ossetian State University, North Ossetian State Medical Academy, and Mountain State Agrarian University – all in Vladikavkaz.

Politics[edit]

Seat of the Republic’s Government

During the Soviet period, the high authority in the republic was shared between three people; the first secretary of the North Ossetia Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) Committee (who in reality had the biggest authority), the chairman of the oblast Soviet (legislative power), and the Chairman of the Republic Executive Committee (executive power). Since 1991, CPSU lost all the power, and the head of the Republic administration, and eventually the governor was appointed/elected alongside elected regional parliament.

The Charter of the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania is the fundamental law of the region. The Parliament of North Ossetia–Alania is the republic’s regional standing legislative (representative) body. The Legislative Assembly exercises its authority by passing laws, resolutions, and other legal acts and by supervising the implementation and observance of the laws and other legal acts passed by it. The highest executive body is the Republic’s Government, which includes territorial executive bodies such as district administrations, committees, and commissions that facilitate development and run the day to day matters of the province. The Oblast administration supports the activities of the Governor who is the highest official and acts as guarantor of the observance of the krai Charter in accordance with the Constitution of Russia.

The head of government in the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania is the Head of the Republic. The current head of the republic is Sergey Menyaylo. Taymuraz Mamsurov succeeded Alexander Dzasokhov as head on 31 May 2005 following the Beslan school siege.^[42]

Culture[edit]

There are six professional theaters in North Ossetia–Alania, as well as Ossetian State Philharmonia.

Gallery[edit]

North Ossetian landscape

References[edit]

Notes[edit]

^ (Russian: Республика Северная Осетия — Алания; Ossetian: Республикӕ Цӕгат Ирыстон — Алани, Respublikæ Cægat Iryston — Alani, Ossetian pronunciation: [resˈpublikə t͡səˈgät iɾɨˈʃton äˈläni] listen (help·info))

^ Президент Российской Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу 13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: «Собрание законодательства РФ», No. 20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г. (President of the Russian Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District. Effective as of May 13, 2000.).
^ Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. (Gosstandart of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER. ).
^ Law #520A
^ Constitution of the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania, Article 64
^ ^a ^b Constitution of the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania, Article 7
^ Doroshenko, Ekaterina (9 April 2021). «Sergey Menyailo left the post of plenipotentiary representative of the President of Russia». Vesti Omsk (in Russian). Retrieved 2 May 2021.
^ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (21 May 2004). «Территория, число районов, населённых пунктов и сельских администраций по субъектам Российской Федерации (Territory, Number of Districts, Inhabited Localities, and Rural Administration by Federal Subjects of the Russian Federation)». Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
^ «26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года». Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
^ «Об исчислении времени». Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). 3 June 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
^ Official throughout the Russian Federation according to Article 68.1 of the Constitution of Russia.
^ Constitution of the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania, Article 15
^ North Ossetian ASSR, of which the modern Republic of North Ossetia–Alania is a direct successor, was established as a separate entity within the Russian SFSR upon the adoption of the 1936 Soviet Constitution
^ Foltz, Richard (2022). The Ossetes: Modern-Day Scythians of the Caucasus. London: Bloomsbury. ISBN 9780755618453.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d «Arena: Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia». Sreda, 2012.
^ «WHKMLA : History of Northern Ossetia». www.zum.de. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
^ ^a ^b Chappell, Bill (13 April 2017). «‘Serious Failings’ By Russia In Deadly Beslan School Siege, European Court Says». NPR. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
^ «The history of the origin of the Ossetian pie. Key travel destinations». boned.ru. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
^ Shnirelman, Victor (2006). The Politics of a Name: Between Consolidation and Separation in the Northern Caucasus. Acta Slavica Iaponica 23, pp. 37–49.
^ «Archived copy». Archived from the original on 5 February 2017. Retrieved 4 February 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ Jaimoukha, Amjad. The Chechens. Page 28
^ (Organization), Human Rights Watch (May 1996). RUSSIA: THE INGUSH-OSSETIAN CONFLICT IN THE PRIGORODNYI REGION. Human Rights Watch. ISBN 1-56432-165-7.
^ Solnick, Steven (29 May 1996). «Asymmetries in Russian Federation Bargaining» (PDF). The National Council for Soviet and East European Research: 12. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 August 2017. Retrieved 6 May 2019.
^ Chuman, Mizuki. «The Rise and Fall of Power-Sharing Treaties Between Center and Regions in Post-Soviet Russia» (PDF). Demokratizatsiya: 146. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 March 2019.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e «North Ossetia–Alania: social and economic indicators looking up». Moscow News. 18 September 2008. Archived from the original on 4 March 2009. Retrieved 30 August 2008.
^ Валовой региональный продукт на душу населения Федеральная служба государственной статистики
^ ^a ^b «Republic of North Ossetia–Alania: Introduction». Russia: All Regions Trade & Investment Guide. CTEC Publishing LLC. 2008. Archived from the original on 15 July 2011.
^ Выписки ЕГРЮЛ и ЕГРИП, проверка контрагентов, ИНН и КПП организаций, реквизиты ИП и ООО. СБИС (in Russian). Retrieved 20 October 2018.
^ «North Ossetia–Alania». Microsoft Encarta. Archived from the original on 1 November 2009. Retrieved 4 June 2009.
^ ^a ^b ^c «Republic of North Ossetia». Kommersant. 11 March 2004. Archived from the original on 5 January 2009. Retrieved 4 June 2009.
^ ^a ^b «Republic of North Ossetia». Russia Profile. 25 August 2008. Archived from the original on 4 December 2008. Retrieved 4 June 2009.
^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (21 May 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
^ В 2008 году естественный прирост населения Северной Осетии составил более 2 тыс. человек – Новости России – ИА REGNUM. Regnum.ru (26 February 2009). Retrieved on 18 August 2012.
^ ^a ^b «Демографический ежегодник России» [The Demographic Yearbook of Russia] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service of Russia (Rosstat). Retrieved 28 June 2022.
^ ^a ^b «Ожидаемая продолжительность жизни при рождении» [Life expectancy at birth]. Unified Interdepartmental Information and Statistical System of Russia (in Russian). Retrieved 28 June 2022.
^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service
^ «Национальный состав населения». Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 30 December 2022.
^ население северной осетии. Ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru. Retrieved on 18 August 2012.
^ Перепись-2010: русских становится больше. Perepis-2010.ru (19 December 2011). Retrieved on 18 August 2012.
^ 2012 Arena Atlas Religion Maps. «Ogonek», № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 21 April 2017. Archived.
^ «Regional government to quit over Beslan tragedy: president». ABC News. 8 September 2004.

Sources[edit]

Парламент Республики Северная Осетия — Алания. Закон №520А от 24 ноября 1994 г. «О государственном гимне Республики Северная Осетия — Алания», в ред. Закона №44-РЗ от 31 июля 2006 г «О внесении изменений в Закон Республики Северная Осетия — Алания «О государственном гимне Республики Северная Осетия — Алания»». Опубликован: Газета «Северная Осетия». (Parliament of the Republic of North Ossetia – Alania. Law #520A of 14 November 1994 On the State Anthem of the Republic of North Ossetia – Alania, as amended by the Law #44-RZ of 31 July 2006 On Amending the Law of the Republic of North Ossetia – Alania «On the State Anthem of the Republic of North Ossetia – Alania». ).
Верховный Совет Республики Северная Осетия. 12 ноября 1994 г. «Республика Северная Осетия-Алания. Конституция.», в ред. Конституционного Закона №5-РКЗ от 4 декабря 2013 г. «О внесении изменений в Конституцию Республики Северная Осетия–Алания». Вступил в силу 7 декабря 1994 г. Опубликован: брошюрой «Конституция Республики Северная Осетия–Алания». (Supreme Council of the Republic of North Ossetia. November 12, 1994 Republic of North Ossetia–Alania. Constitution., as amended by the Constitutional Law #5-RKZ of December 4, 2013 On Amending the Constitution of the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania. Effective as of December 7, 1994.).
Foltz, Richard (2022). The Ossetes: Modern-Day Scythians of the Caucasus. London: Bloomsbury. ISBN 9780755618453.

External links[edit]

Official website of the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania (in Russian)
(archived) Official website of the Parliament of the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania (in Russian)
North Ossetia–Alania travel guide from Wikivoyage

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1. The Russian Federation includes the following subjects of the Russian Federation:

the Republic of Adygeya (Adygeya), the Republic of Altai, the Republic of Bashkortostan, the Republic of Buryatia, the Republic of Daghestan, the Republic of Ingushetia, the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, the Republic of Kalmykia, the Karachayevo-Circassian Republic, the Republic of Karelia, the Komi Republic, the Republic of Marii El, the Republic of Mordovia, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the Republic of North Ossetia – Alania, the Republic of Tatarstan (Tatarstan), the Republic of Tuva, the Udmurtian Republic, the Republic of Khakassia, the Chechen Republic, the Chuvash Republic – Chuvashia;
the Altai Territory, the Krasnodar Territory, the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the Primorie Territory, the Stavropol Territory, the Khabarovsk Territory;
the Amur Region, the Archangel Region, the Astrakhan Region, the Belgorod Region, the Bryansk Region, the Vladimir Region, the Volgograd Region, the Vologda Region, the Voronezh Region, the Ivanovo Region, the Irkutsk Region, the Kaliningrad Region, the Kaluga Region, the Kamchatka Region, the Kemerovo Region, the Kirov Region, the Kostroma Region, the Kurgan Region, the Kursk Region, the Leningrad Region, the Lipetsk Region, the Magadan Region, the Moscow Region, the Murmansk Region, the Nizhni Novgorod Region, the Novgorod Region, the Novosibirsk Region, the Omsk Region, the Orenburg Region, the Orel Region, the Penza Region, the Perm Region, the Pskov Region, the Rostov Region, the Ryazan Region, the Samara Region, the Saratov Region, the Sakhalin Region, the Sverdlovsk Region, the Smolensk Region, the Tambov Region, the Tver Region, the Tomsk Region, the Tula Region, the Tyumen Region, the Ulyanovsk Region, the Chelyabinsk Region, the Chita Region, the Yaroslavl Region;
Moscow, St. Petersburg – cities of federal importance;
the Jewish Autonomous Region;
the Aginsk Buryat Autonomous Area, the Komi-Permyak Autonomous Area, the Koryak Autonomous Area, the Nenets Autonomous Area, the Taimyr (Dolgano-Nenets) Autonomous Area, the Ust-Ordyn Buryat Autonomous Area, the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area, the Chukotka Autonomous Area, the Evenki Autonomous Area, the Yamalo-Nents Autonomous Area.
2. The admission to the Russian Federation and the creation in it of a new subject shall be carried out according to the rules established by the federal constitutional law.
__________
<На русском языке см. [ref dict=»The Constitution of Russia (Russian)»]Статья 65[/ref]>
<На немецком языке см. [ref dict=»The Constitution of Russia (German)»]Artikel 65[/ref]>
<На французском языке см. [ref dict=»The Constitution of Russia (French)»]Article 65[/ref]>

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НАЗВАНИЯ СУБЪЕКТОВ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

НА АНГЛИЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ

(Согласно статье 65 Конституции РФ )

Республики	Republics
Республика Адыгея (Адыгея)	Republic of Adygeya
Республика Алтай	Republic of Altai
Республика Башкортостан	Republic of Bashkortostan
Республика Бурятия	Republic of Buryatia
Республика Дагестан	Republic of Daghestan
Республика Ингушетия	Republic of Ingushetia
Кабардино-Балкарская Республика	Kabardino-Balkarian Republic
Республика Калмыкия	Republic of Kalmykia
Карачаево-Черкесская Республика	Karachayevo-Circassian Republic
Республика Карелия	Republic of Karelia
Республика Коми	Komi Republic
Республика Крым	Republic of Crimea
Республика Марий Эл	Republic of Mari El
Республика Мордовия	Republic of Mordovia
Республика Саха (Якутия)	Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
Республика Северная Осетия – Алания	Republic of North Ossetia – Alania
Республика Татарстан (Татарстан)	Republic of Tatarstan
Республика Тыва	Republic of Tuva
Удмуртская Республика	Udmurtian Republic
Республика Хакассия	Republic of Khakassia
Чеченская Республика	Chechen Republic
Чувашская Республика – Чувашия	Chuvash Republic
Края	Territories
Алтайский край	Altai Territory
Забайкальский край	Trans-Baikal Territory
Камчатский край	Kamchatka Territory
Краснодарский край	Krasnodar Territory
Красноярский край	Krasnoyarsk Territory
Пермский край	Perm Territory
Приморский край	Primorye Territory
Ставропольский край	Stavropol Territory
Хабаровский край	Khabarovsk Territory
Области	Regions
Амурская область	Amur Region
Архангельская область	Arkhangelsk Region
Астраханская область	Astrakhan Region
Белгородская область	Belgorod Region
Брянская область	Bryansk Region
Владимирская область	Vladimir Region
Волгоградская область	Volgograd Region
Вологодская область	Vologda Region
Воронежская область	Voronezh Region
Ивановская область	Ivanovo Region
Иркутская область	Irkutsk Region
Калининградская область	Kaliningrad Region
Калужская область	Kaluga Region
Кемеровская область	Kemerovo Region
Кировская область	Kirov Region
Костромская область	Kostroma Region
Курганская область	Kurgan Region
Курская область	Kursk Region
Ленинградская область	Leningrad Region
Липецкая область	Lipetsk Region
Магаданская область	Magadan Region
Московская область	Moscow Region
Мурманская область	Murmansk Region
Нижегородская область	Nizhny Novgorod Region
Новгородская область	Novgorod Region
Новосибирская область	Novosibirsk Region
Омская область	Omsk Region
Оренбургская область	Orenburg Region
Орловская область	Orel Region
Пензенская область	Penza Region
Пермская область	PermRegion
Псковская область	Pskov Region
Ростовская область	Rostov Region
Рязанская область	Ryazan Region
Самарская область	Samara Region
Саратовская область	Saratov Region
Сахалинская область	Sakhalin Region
Свердловская область	Sverdlovsk Region
Смоленская область	Smolensk Region
Тамбовская область	Tambov Region
Тверская область	Tver Region
Томская область	Tomsk Region
Тульская область	Tula Region
Тюменская область	Tyumen Region
Ульяновская область	Ulyanovsk Region
Челябинская область	Chelyabinsk Region
Читинская область	Chita Region
Ярославская область	Yaroslavl Region
Города федерального значения	Cities of Federal Importance
Москва	Moscow
Санкт-Петербург	St. Petersburg
Севастополь	Sevastopol
Автономные области	Autonomous Regions
Еврейская автономная область	Jewish Autonomous Region
Автономные округа	Autonomous Areas
Ненецкий автономный округ	Nenets Autonomous Area
Ханты-Мансийский автономный округ – Югра	Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area – Yugra
Чукотский автономный округ	Chukotka Autonomous Area
Ямало-Ненецкий автономный округ	Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Area

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На основании Вашего запроса эти примеры могут содержать грубую лексику.

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Северная Осетия-Алания

Северная Осетия — Алания

Северной Осетии-Алании

Северной Осетии — Алании

Северной-Осетии-Alania

РСО-А

РСО-Алания

Republic of North Ossetia-Alania has high scientific and technical potential, highly qualified scientific, engineering personnel and labour forces ensuring technological upgrading of the key industries.

Республика Северная Осетия-Алания располагает высоким научно-техническим потенциалом, квалифицированными научными, инженерными и рабочими кадрами, позволяющими обеспечить технологическую модернизацию базовых отраслей экономики.

Republic of North Ossetia-Alania has significant hydropower potential of numerous mountain rivers that amounts to 5.2 billion kWh; its capacities are now used by eight hydroelectric power plants.

Республика Северная Осетия-Алания располагает значительным гидроэнергетическим потенциалом многочисленных горных рек, составляющим 5,2 млрд кВт. часов в год, возможности которого сегодня используются 8 гидроэлектростанциями.

These turned to be three natives of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, aged from 26 to 37.

Это были три уроженца Республики Северная Осетия в возрасте от 26 до 37 лет.

Thus, in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, during the Soviet period, migration did not have any significant effect on the demographic situation.

Так, в Республике Северная Осетия-Алания в советский период миграция не оказывала сколь-нибудь существенного влияния на демографическую ситуацию.

Office of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, support and development of small business.

Комитет Республики Северная Осетия-Алания по поддержке и развитию малого предпринимательства.

Tugan Sohiev, the renowned conductor, winner of international contests, People’s Artist of North Ossetia-Alania.

Тугана Сохиева, прославленного дирижера, лауреата международных конкурсов, народного артиста республики Северная Осетия-Алания.

The investigation reveal the attitude of the students’ parents to the introduction of new educational standards for modern secondary schools in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania.

По материалам исследования выявлен характер отношения родителей учащихся к введению новых стандартов образования для современной школы в Республике Северная Осетия-Алания.

Keywords: assessment; regulatory impact; mechanism; management decisions; investment projects; the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania

Ключевые слова: оценка; регулирующее воздействие; механизм; управленческие решения; инвестиционные проекты; Республика Северная Осетия-Алания

The relationship between health-demographics and socio-economic situation in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania

Взаимосвязь между медико-демографической ситуацией и социально-экономическим положением в Республике Северная Осетия-Алания

This article examines intercultural relations in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania (RNO-A).

В этой статье рассматриваются межкультурные отношения в Республике Северная Осетия-Алания (РСО-А).

Ambitious and adventurous policies includes in the fight for the presidency of the republic of North Ossetia-Alania, which is February 29 was temporarily occupied by the regional government chairman Vyacheslav Bitarov.

Амбициозные и предприимчивые политики включаются в борьбу за пост главы республики Северная Осетия-Алания, который 29 февраля временно занял председатель регионального правительства Вячеслав Битаров.

The article shows that the main reason for the negative migration processes in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania in recent years has been the unfavorable situation in the labor market and growing unemployment among educated youth.

В статье показано, что главной причиной, обусловливающей негативные миграционные процессы в Республики Северная Осетия-Алания, в последние годы является неблагоприятная ситуация на рынке труда и растущая безработица среди образованной молодежи.

This paper examines relationship between social identities and acculturation strategies of Russians (the ethnic minority) and Ossetians (the ethnic majority) in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania (RNO-A).

В данной статье рассматривается взаимосвязь социальной идентичности и стратегий аккультурации русских (этнического меньшинства) и осетин (этническое большинство) в Республике Северная Осетия-Алания (РСО-А).

In November 1994 the name of Alania was added to the republican title (Republic of North Ossetia-Alania).

В ноябре 1994, название «Alania» было официально добавлено к республиканскому названию (Республика Северная Осетия-Алания).

Monthly 360 thousand rubles are allotted to the citizens of South Ossetia, suffering from chronic renal failure and undergoing hemodialysis in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania.

Ежемесячно 360 тысяч рублей перечисляются гражданам Южной Осетии, больным хронической почечной недостаточностью и проходящим гемодиализ в Республике Северная Осетия-Алания.

The Ministry of culture of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania reported that the star for a long time struggled with a serious disease, whose name is not specified.

В Министерстве культуры Республики Северная Осетия-Алания сообщили, что звезда длительное время боролся с серьезным недугом, название которого не уточняется.

The Procurator-General’s Office keeps a constant watch over respect for citizens’ constitutional rights and the law governing the return of displaced persons of Ingush nationality to the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania.

Генеральная прокуратура Российской Федерации постоянно осуществляет надзор за соблюдением конституционных прав граждан и законодательства, регламентирующего процесс возвращения вынужденных переселенцев ингушской национальности в Республику Северная Осетия-Алания.

More than 25 years he is the permanent deputy of Parliament of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania.

WWF has signed an agreement with the Government of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania on cooperation in the field of restoration of the bison population in the republic.

WWF подписал соглашение с Правительством Республики Северная Осетия-Алания о сотрудничестве в области восстановления популяции зубра в республике.

Ничего не найдено для этого значения.

Результатов: 186. Точных совпадений: 186. Затраченное время: 99 мс

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Указом № 1285 Президента Российской Федерации от 6 октября 2004 года » О мерах по совершенствованию деятельности государственных органов по развитию отношений между Республикой Северная Осетия-Алания и Республикой Ингушетия » на ФМС России возложены новые задачи, связанные с вопросами урегулирования последствий осетино-ингушского конфликта.
Pursuant to Presidential Decree No. 1285 of 6 October 2004 on facilitating official efforts to develop relations between the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania and the Republic of Ingushetia, the Federal Migration Service has been given the extra task of managing the aftermath of the Ossete-Ingush conflict.

Наконец, в начале сентября банда чеченцев захватила 1 128 заложников в школе Беслана, Северная Осетия: 334 человека, в том числе 186 детей погибли в ходе трехдневной осады.
Finally, in early September, a Chechen band seized 1,128 hostages at a school in Beslan, North Ossetia; 334 civilians, including 186 children, died during the three-day siege.

Тем не менее, будет ошибочным полагать, что Абхазия и Северная Осетия стали полностью зависимыми от России протекторатами.
However, it would be a mistake to regard Abkhazia and South Ossetia as fully dependent Russian protectorates.

Это явно проявилось в трагедии с захватом заложников в школе города Беслан (Северная Осетия).
The consequences were apparent in the school hostage drama in Beslan in North Ossetia.

НЬЮ-ЙОРК — Северная Корея, официально известная как Корейская Народно-Демократическая Республика, является одной из самых репрессивных, закрытых и порочных диктатур.
NEW YORK — North Korea, officially known as the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, is one of the world’s most oppressive, closed, and vicious dictatorships.

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Источник

Republic of North Ossetia–Alania
Republic
Республика Северная Осетия — Алания
Other transcription(s)
• Ossetian	Республикӕ Цӕгат Ирыстон — Алани
Flag Coat of arms
Anthem: State Anthem of the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania^[3]

Coordinates: 43°11′N 44°14′E / 43.183°N 44.233°ECoordinates: 43°11′N 44°14′E / 43.183°N 44.233°E
Country	Russia
Federal district	North Caucasian^[1]
Economic region	North Caucasus^[2]
Capital	Vladikavkaz^[4]
Government
• Body	Parliament^[5]
• Head^[5]	Sergey Menyaylo^[6]
Area ^[7]
• Total	8,000.11 km² (3,088.86 sq mi)
• Rank	79th
Population (2010 Census)^[8]
• Total	712,980
• Estimate (2018)^[9]	701,765 (−1.6%)
• Rank	65th
• Density	89/km² (230/sq mi)
• Urban	63.8%
• Rural	36.2%
Time zone	UTC+3 (MSK ^[10])
ISO 3166 code	RU-SE
License plates	15
OKTMO ID	90000000
Official languages	Russian;^[11] Ossetian^[12]
Website	www.rso-a.ru

Name[edit]

Geography[edit]

The republic is located in the North Caucasus. The northern part of the republic is situated in the Stavropol Plain. 22% of the republic’s territory is covered by forests.

Area: 8,000 square kilometers (3,100 sq mi)
Borders:
- internal: Kabardino-Balkaria (W/NW/N), Stavropol Krai (N), Chechnya (NE/E), Ingushetia (E/SE)
- international: Georgia (including South Ossetia; Mtskheta-Mtianeti, Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti and Shida Kartli) (SE/S/SW)
Highest point: Mount Kazbek (5,033 meters (16,512 ft))
Maximum north–south distance: 130 kilometers (81 mi)
Maximum east–west distance: 120 kilometers (75 mi)