Zaporizhzhia[3][note 1] (Ukrainian: Запоріжжя) or Zaporozhye (Russian: Запорожье), until 1921 known as Aleksandrovsk or Oleksandrivsk,[note 2] is a city in southeast Ukraine, situated on the banks of the Dnieper River. It is the administrative centre of Zaporizhzhia Oblast.[4] Zaporizhzhia has a population of 710,052 (2022 est.)[5]
|
Zaporizhzhia Запоріжжя |
|
|---|---|
|
City |
|
|
From top to bottom and left to right:
|
|
|
Flag
Coat of arms |
|
|
Zaporizhzhia
Zaporizhzhia |
|
| Coordinates: 47°51′00″N 35°07′03″E / 47.85000°N 35.11750°ECoordinates: 47°51′00″N 35°07′03″E / 47.85000°N 35.11750°E | |
| Country |  Ukraine |
| Oblast |  Zaporizhzhia Oblast |
| Founded | 952 |
| City rights | 1806 |
| Raions |
7
|
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Anatolii Kurtiev (acting Mayor since 30 September 2021)[1] |
| Area | |
| • Total | 334 km2 (129 sq mi) |
| Population
(2022) |
|
| • Total | 710,052 |
| • Density | 1,365.2/km2 (3,536/sq mi) |
| • 2001[2] | 817,900 |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
| Postal code |
69xxx |
| Area code | +380 61(2) |
| Climate | Dfa |
Zaporizhzhia is known for the historic island of Khortytsia, multiple power stations and for being an important industrial centre. Steel, aluminium, aircraft engines, automobiles, transformers for substations, and other heavy industrial goods are produced in the region.
Names and etymology
The name Zaporizhzhia refers to the position of the city: «beyond the rapids»—downstream or south of the Dnieper Rapids. These were previously an impediment to navigation and the site of important portages. In 1932, the rapids were flooded to become part of the reservoir of the Dnieper Hydroelectric Station.[6]
Before 1921, the city was called Aleksandrovsk (or Oleksandrivsk), named after the original fortress that formed a part of the Dnieper Defence Line [ru] of the Russian Empire.
History
Zaporizhzhia was founded in 1770, when the Aleksandrovskaya (Александровская) Fortress was built as a part of the Dnieper Defence Line, to protect the southern territories of the Russian Empire from Crimean Tatar invasions.[7] Following the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca in 1775, the southern lands of the Russian Plain and the Crimean peninsula were absorbed into the Russian Empire. The Aleksandrovskaya Fortress then lost its military significance, and became a small rural town, which from 1806 to around 1930 was called Alexandrovsk.[6]
The opening of the Kichkas Bridge at the start of 20th century, the first rail crossing of the Dnieper, was followed the industrial growth of Zaporizhzhia .[8] In 1916, during World War I, the DEKA Stock Association transferred its aircraft engine manufacturing plant from Saint Petersburg to Zaporizhzhia.[9]
During the Russian Civil War (1918–1921), Zaporizhzhia was the scene of fierce fighting between the Red Army and the White armies of Denikin and Wrangel, Petliura’s Ukrainian People’s Army of the Ukrainian People’s Republic, and German-Austrian troops. The opposing armies used the strategically important Kichkas Bridge to transfer troops, ammunition, and medical supplies. The Soviet government industrialized Zaporizhzhia still further during the 1920s and 1930s, when the Dnieper Hydroelectric Station, and the Zaporizhzhia Steel Plant, and the Dnieper Aluminium Plant were built.[10][11][12][13] In the 1930s, the American United Engineering and Foundry Company built a strip mill similar to the Ford River Rouge steel mill to produce rolling steel strip. The annual capacity of the mill reached 540,000 tonnes (600,000 short tons) of 170 cm (66 inches) wide steel.[14]
World War II (1941–1945)
After the outbreak of the War between the USSR and Nazi Germany in June 1941, the Soviet government began evacuating Zaporizhzhia’s industries to Siberia.[15] and the Soviet security forces began shooting political prisoners in the city.[16] On 18 August 1941, elements of the German 1st Panzergruppe reached the outskirts of Zaporizhzhia on the right bank and seized the island of Khortytsia.[17]
The Red Army blew a 120 by 10 metres (394 ft × 33 ft) hole in the Dnieper hydroelectric dam on 18 August 1941, producing a flood wave that swept from Zaporizhzhia to Nikopol.[15] The flood killed local residents as well as soldiers from both armies, with historians estimating the death toll to be between 20,000 and 100,000.[18] Despite reinforcements, Zaporizhzhia was taken on 3 October 1941.[19] The German occupation lasted two years; during which the Germans shot over 35,000 people and sent 58,000 people to Germany as forced labourers.[15]
The Germans reformed Army Group South in February 1943, and put its headquarters in Zaporizhzhia.[20] Adolf Hitler visited the headquarters in February1943, and again the following month, where he was briefed by Field Marshal Eric von Manstein and his air force counterpart Field Marshal Wolfram Freiherr von Richthofen, and in September 1943,[21] the month the Army Group moved its headquarters to Kirovograd).[22]
In August 1943, the Germans built the Panther-Wotan defence line along the Dnieper from Kyiv to Crimea. They retreated back to this line in September 1943, holding the city as a bridgehead over the Dnieper with elements of 40th Panzer and 17th Corps.[23] The Soviet Southwestern Front, commanded by Army General Rodion Malinovsky, attacked Zaporizhzhia on 10 October 1943.[23] The defenders repelled these attacks, but the Red Army launched a surprise night attack on 13 October, which succeeded in reclaiming most parts of the city.[24]
1991–present
Modern Zaporizhzhia (2015)
In 2004, to alleviate congestion around the Zaporizhzhia Arch Bridge area, construction began on the New Zaporizhzhia Dniper Bridge, although construction was halted soon after it began, due to a lack of funding.[25]
During the 2014 Euromaidan regional state administration occupations, during protests against President Viktor Yanukovych,[26] Zaporizhzhia’s regional state administration building was occupied by 4,500 protesters,[27] and there were clashes between Ukrainian and pro-Russian activists in April 2014.[28]
On 19 May 2016, the Verkhovna Rada approved the «Decommunisation Law».[29] Since the introduction of the law, the city council renamed over 50 streets and administrative areas of the city,[note 3] monuments of the Soviet Union leaders]] Lenin and Felix Dzerzhinsky have been destroyed,[30][31] and names honouring Soviet leaders in the titles of industrial plants, factories, culture centres, and the DniproHES have been removed.[32]
Russian invasion (2022)
Russian forces have been engaged in ongoing attacks on Zaporizhzhia since the beginning of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. On 27 February, fighting was reported in the southern outskirts,[33] and Russian forces began shelling the city later that evening.[34] On 3 March, Russian forces approached the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant, raising concerns about a potential nuclear meltdown.[35][36] Russian military forces fired missiles on Zaporizhzhia on the evening of 12/13 May.[37]
On 30 September, hours before Russia formally annexed Southern and Eastern Ukraine, the Russian Armed Forces launched S-300 missiles at a civilian convoy in Zaporizhzhia, killing at least 30 people.[38] On 9 October, Russian forces launched rockets at residential buildings, killing at least 17 people.[39]
Geography
Zaporizhzhia is located in south-eastern Ukraine. The Dnieper splits the city in two; between them is Khortytsia Island. The city covers 334 km2 (129 sq mi) at an elevation of 50 m (160 ft) above sea level.[40] The New and Old Dnieper flow past around Khortytsia: The New Dnieper [uk] is about 800 m (2,600 feet) wide while the Old Dnieper [uk] is about 200 m (660 feet) wide. The island has 12 km × 2 km (7.5 mi × 1.2 mi) sizes. Smaller rivers in the city also enter the Dnieper: Sukha [uk] and Mokra Moskovka [uk], Kushuhum [uk], and Verkhnia Khortytsia [uk].
The flora of Khortytsia is unique and diverse, due to the dry steppe air and a large freshwater basin, which cleans the air polluted by industry. The island is a national park. The ground surface is cut by large ravines («balka«), hiking routes and historical monuments. The island, which is a popular recreational area, hassanatoriums, resorts, health centres, and sandy beaches.[41]
Climate
| Climate data for Zaporizhzhia (1991–2020, extremes 1959–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 12.2 (54.0) |
17.1 (62.8) |
24.0 (75.2) |
31.4 (88.5) |
35.9 (96.6) |
36.5 (97.7) |
39.5 (103.1) |
40.2 (104.4) |
35.9 (96.6) |
35.0 (95.0) |
20.9 (69.6) |
16.0 (60.8) |
40.2 (104.4) |
| Average high °C (°F) | −0.3 (31.5) |
1.2 (34.2) |
7.5 (45.5) |
16.1 (61.0) |
22.6 (72.7) |
26.6 (79.9) |
29.3 (84.7) |
29.0 (84.2) |
22.7 (72.9) |
14.7 (58.5) |
6.5 (43.7) |
1.3 (34.3) |
14.8 (58.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −3.1 (26.4) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
3.0 (37.4) |
10.5 (50.9) |
16.7 (62.1) |
20.9 (69.6) |
23.2 (73.8) |
22.6 (72.7) |
16.7 (62.1) |
9.7 (49.5) |
3.1 (37.6) |
−1.3 (29.7) |
10.0 (50.0) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −5.8 (21.6) |
−5.3 (22.5) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
5.0 (41.0) |
10.9 (51.6) |
15.2 (59.4) |
17.1 (62.8) |
16.4 (61.5) |
11.3 (52.3) |
5.5 (41.9) |
0.2 (32.4) |
−3.8 (25.2) |
5.5 (41.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −29.3 (−20.7) |
−26.1 (−15.0) |
−25 (−13) |
−8.2 (17.2) |
−2 (28) |
3.9 (39.0) |
8.2 (46.8) |
3.9 (39.0) |
−3 (27) |
−8.9 (16.0) |
−18.6 (−1.5) |
−26.2 (−15.2) |
−29.3 (−20.7) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 39 (1.5) |
32 (1.3) |
37 (1.5) |
41 (1.6) |
51 (2.0) |
61 (2.4) |
45 (1.8) |
44 (1.7) |
38 (1.5) |
34 (1.3) |
40 (1.6) |
53 (2.1) |
515 (20.3) |
| Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) | 7 (2.8) |
8 (3.1) |
4 (1.6) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
1 (0.4) |
3 (1.2) |
8 (3.1) |
| Average rainy days | 10 | 8 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 10 | 8 | 10 | 11 | 13 | 11 | 130 |
| Average snowy days | 14 | 14 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 13 | 58 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 85.2 | 82.4 | 77.6 | 67.2 | 63.1 | 66.0 | 63.6 | 62.1 | 68.5 | 75.5 | 84.3 | 86.1 | 73.5 |
| Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net[42] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: World Meteorological Organization (humidity 1981–2010)[43] |
Governance
Zaporizhzhia is the main city of Zaporizhzhia Oblast with a form of self-rule within the oblast. The city is divided into 7 administrative raions.
|
The population of the districts of the city of Zaporizhia as of November 1 2015:[44]
|
|
Demographics
City population
The city population has been declining since the first years of the state independence. In 2014–2015 the rate of the population decrease was −0.56%/year.[45]
In January 2017, the population was 750,685.[46]
The total reduction of the population of the city since independence has been around 146,000 (not including 2017–2018).
|
|
|
Ethnic structure
According to the 2001 census,[69] 70.28% of the population of Zaporizhzhia (total population 815,300) were Ukrainians, 25.39% were Russians, 0.67% were Belorussians, 0.44% were Bulgarians, 0.42% were Jews, 0.38% were Georgians, 0.38% were Armenians, 0.27% were Tatar, 0.15% were Azeris, 0.11% were Roma (Gypsies), 0.1% were Poles, 0.09% were Germans, 0.09% were Moldovans, and 0.07% were Greeks.
Language
Ukrainian is used for official government business. The native language of people living in Zaporizhzhia, according to censuses in Ukraine (by percent):
| Language | 1897[70] | 1926[71] | 1989[72] | 2001[73] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ukrainian | 43.0 | 33.8 | 41.3 | 41.6 |
| Russian | 24.8 | 52.2 | 57.0 | 56.8 |
| Yiddish | 27.8 | 9.7 | 0.1 |
Religion
The following religious denominations are present in Zaporizhzhia:[74]
- Christianity
- Orthodoxy
Holy Protection Cathedral
Most of the citizens are Orthodox Christians of Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate) or Orthodox Church of Ukraine. Among the Orthodox churches the Church of the Intercession [uk], which is under the Moscow Patriarchate, is most popular. There are also St. Nicholas Church and St. Andrew’s Cathedral in the city.
- Protestantism
Protestantism is represented by:
- All-Ukrainian Union of Christians of Evangelical Faith;
- Seventh-day Adventist Church;
- Full Gospel Church.
- Catholicism
Catholicism is represented by:
- Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church;
- The Roman Catholic Church.[75]
The biggest Catholic church is Church of God, the Father of Mercy
- Judaism
Orthodox Judaism is represented by one union and six communities.
- Islam
In the Zaporizhzhia district there are five communities which are part of the Spiritual Administration of Muslims of Ukraine and four independent Muslim communities.
- Hinduism
The city hosts a branch of the Vedic Academy.
Economy
Industry
Zaporizhzhia is an important industrial centre of Ukraine, the country’s main car manufacturing company, the Motor-Sich world-famous aircraft engine manufacturer. Well supplied with electricity, Zaporizhzhia forms, together with the adjoining Donets Basin (Donbas) and the Nikopol manganese and Kryvyi Rih iron mines, one of Ukraine’s leading industrial complexes.
The city is a home of Ukraine’s main automobile production centre, which is based at the Zaporizhzhia Automobile Factory (ZAZ), producing Ukrainian car brands such as Zaporozhets and Tavria.
After the end of the Russian Revolution, the city became an important industrial centre. The presence of cheap labor and the proximity of deposits of coal, iron ore, and manganese created favorable conditions for large-scale enterprises of the iron and mechanical engineering industries. Today Zaporizhzhia is an important industrial centre of the region with heavy industry (particularly metallurgy), aluminium, and chemical industry. Cars, avia motors and radioelectronics are manufactured in the city. The port of Zaporizhzhia is important for transshipment for goods from the Donbas.
Zaporizhstal, Ukraine’s fourth largest steel maker, and ranking 54th in the world, is based in the city.
Electricity generation
Zaporizhzhia is a large electricity generating hub. There are hydroelectric power plant known as «DniproHES» Dnieper Hydroelectric Station and the largest nuclear power plant in Europe. Prior to the 2022 invasion, the plants generated about 25% of the Ukrainian electricity supply. Located near the Enerhodar and about 60 km (37 miles) from Zaporizhzhia is the Zaporizhzhia Thermal Power Station and the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant, the largest nuclear power plant in Europe.
Culture
Magara Academic Drama Theatre
Zaporizhzhia has an orchestra, museums, theatres, and libraries. These include the Magara Academic Drama Theatre, the Municipal Theatre Lab «VIE», the Theatre for Young-Age spectators, the Theatre of Horse Riding «Zaporizhzhian Cossacks», the Zaporizhzhia Regional Museum, the National Museum of the History of the Zaporizhzhian Cossacks, the Zaporizhzhia Regional Art Museum, the Motor Sich Aviation Museum, and the Zaporizhzhia Region Universal Scientific Library.
There are a number of small amateur groups of folk music bands, art galleries in Zaporizhzhia. The city regularly holds festivals, Cossack martial arts competitions, and art exhibitions.
Zaporizhzhia has an open-air exhibition-and-sale of Zaporizhzhia city association of artists «Kolorit» near the ‘Fountain of Life’ at the Mayakovskoho square [uk]. A daily exhibition of artists’ organizations of the city is a unique place in Zaporizhzhia, where people can meet craftsmen and artists, watch carving, embroidery, beading classes, and receive advice from professional artists and designers.
Main sights
The historical and cultural museum «Zaporizka Sich» is placed on the northern rocky part of Khotritsa Island. The museum is a reconstruction of the stronghold of the Zaporizhzhian Cossacks, and contains features of the military camp life and their lifestyle.
Each of the smaller islands are located between the dam and the island Khortytsia has its own legend. On one of them, Durnya Scala («Rock of the Fool»), Tzar Peter the Great flogged the Cossacks for their betrayal the Russians during the Great Northern War between Russia and Sweden. Another small island, Stolb («Pillar»), has a geological feature, which looks like a large bowl in granite slabs, the Cossack’s Bowl. It is said that in summer days, water can be boiled in this «bowl», and the Cossacks used it for cooking galushki (boiled dough in a spicy broth).[76]
Transport links
Zaporizhzhia is an important transportation hub in Ukraine that includes roads, as well as rail, river and air links for passenger and freight transport. Zaporizhzhia International Airport, located to the east of the city on the left-bank of the Dnieper, serves domestic and international flights. Shyroke Airfield is to the west of the city on the right-bank of the Dnieper.
Zaporizhzhia is bypassed beyond its eastern outskirts by a major national highway M18, which connects Kharkiv with Simferopol. The H08, which starts just outside Kyiv and travels southeast along the Dnieper through Kremenchuk, Kamianske, Dnipro, passes through Zaporizhzhia on to Mariupol. The H15 from Donetsk and the H23 [de] from Kropyvnytskyi via Kryvyi Rih, both end in Zaporizhzhia.
There are four road bridges and two rail bridges over the Dnieper, nearly all of which bridges cross Khortytsia Island. President Volodymyr Zelenskyy opened the first stage of the New Zaporizhzhia Dniper Bridge early in 2022, .
The city has two rail stations, Zaporizhzhia-the-First and Zaporizhzhia-the-Second. The First is the central station, located in the southern part of the city and is a part of Simferopol-Kharkiv, the «north-south» transit route. The line of the Zaporizhzhia-the-Second station connects the Donbas coalfield with Kryvyi Rih.
The city’s two river ports are part of the national water transportation infrastructure that connects Kyiv to Kherson along the Dnieper. Freight ships and cutter boats travel between Zaporizhzhia and nearby villages. The island of Khortytsia splits the Dnieper into two; the main channel passes the island on its eastern side, with the Staryi Dnipro (Old Dnieper) flowing past the island on the western side.
Notable people
- Alyosha (born 1986), Ukrainian singer, stage name of Olena Oleksandrivna Kucher
- Vasiliy Bebko, (1932-2022), Russian diplomat
- Tamara Bulat (1933-2004), Ukrainian-American musicologist
- Victoria Bulitko (born 1983), a Ukrainian film, TV and theatre actress.
- Evgeniy Chernyak (born 1969), Ukrainian businessman
- Evgeniy Chuikov (1924-2000) Ukrainian landscape painter working in the Russian realist and French Impressionist traditions.
- Volodymyr Dakhno (1932-2006) Ukrainian animator and animation film director.
- Valentyna Danishevska (born 1957), Ukrainian lawyer and judge
- Gerhard Ens (1863–1952), farmer, immigration agent and politician in Saskatchewan
- Igor Fesunenko (1933-2016), Russian journalist and foreign affairs writer
- Sergey Glazyev (born 1961), Russian politician and economist
- Alina Gorlova (born 1992), a Ukrainian filmmaker, director, and screenwriter
- Konstantin Grigorishin (born 1965), a Russian-Ukrainian businessman and billionaire.
- Volodymyr Horbulin (born 1939), Ukrainian politician
- Valeriy Ivaschenko (born 1956), Ukrainian former Deputy Minister of Defence
- Boris Ivchenko, (1941-1990) Ukrainian actor and film director
- Igor P. Kaidashev (born 1969), Ukrainian immunologist and allergist
- Valeriy Kostyuk (born 1940), Russian scientist
- Maxim Ksenzov (born 1973), Russian statesman
- Valery Kulikov (born 1956), Ukrainian-born Russian politician
- Gosha Kutsenko (born 1967), Russian actor, producer, singer, poet and screenwriter
- Valentyn Nalyvaichenko (born 1966), Ukrainian diplomat and politician.
- Eva Neymann (born 1974), Ukrainian film director
- Maria Nikiforova (1885–1919), revolutionary insurgent and Anarchist partisan leader.
- Anna October (born 1991), Ukrainian fashion designer
- Aleksandr Panayotov (born 1984), Russian-Ukrainian singer and songwriter
- Mykhailo Papiyev (born 1960), Ukrainian engineer and politician
- Oleksandr Peklushenko, (1954-2015) Ukrainian politician
- Max Polyakov (born 1977), an international technology entrepreneur, economist and philanthropist
- Georgy Shchokin (born 1954), businessman, sociologist, psychologist and politician
- Boris Shtein, (1892–1961) Soviet diplomat
- Oleksandr Sin (born 1961), Ukrainian politician former mayor of Zaporizhzhia
- Serhiy Sobolyev (born 1961), Ukrainian politician
- Yanina Sokolova (born 1984) a journalist, TV presenter and actress.
- Naum Sorkin, (1899–1980) a Soviet military officer and diplomat.
- Oleksandr Starukh (born 1973), Ukrainian historian and politician
- Liudmyla Suprun (born 1965), a Ukrainian politician
- Yevhen Synelnykov (born 1981), a Ukrainian TV presenter, director and actor
- Estas Tonne (born 1975), a musician, plays guitar and flute
- Vladyslav Yama (born 1982), a Ukrainian dancer and educator
Sport
- Polina Astakhova (1936–2005) an artistic gymnast; won ten medals at the 1956, 1960 and 1964 Summer Olympics.
- Anastasia Bliznyuk (born 1994), a Russian group rhythmic gymnast.
- Maksym Dolhov (born 1996), Ukrainian diver
- Tanja Logwin (born 1974), Ukrainian-born Austrian handball player
- Alina Maksymenko (born 1991), Ukrainian rhythmic gymnast
- Oleksii Pashkov (born 1981), silver medallist in the discus at the 2012 Summer Paralympics
- Volodymyr Polikarpenko (born 1972), Ukrainian former trialthon athlete
- Yakiv Punkin (1921–1994) wrestler, gold medallist at the 1952 Summer Olympics.
- Oksana Skaldina (born 1972) gymnast; bronze medallist at the 1992 Summer Olympics
- Ganna Sorokina (born 1976) diver; team bronze medallist at the 2000 Summer Olympics
- Olga Strazheva (born 1972) gymnast; team gold medallist at the 1988 Summer Olympics
- Vita Styopina (born 1976) high jumper; bronze medallist at the 2004 Summer Olympics
- Denys Sylantyev (born 1976) politician and swimmer; four time Olympian, silver medallist at the 2000 Summer Olympics and national flag bearer at the 2004 Summer Olympics.
- Razmik Tonoyan (born 1988), Ukrainian sambist, (a Soviet-origin Russian martial art)
- Roman Volod’kov (born 1973), Ukrainian former diver
- Sergiusz Wołczaniecki (born 1964) a Polish weightlifter; bronze medallist at the 1992 Summer Olympics
- Olena Zhupina (born 1973), Ukrainian diver
In popular culture
Zaporizhzhia is a setting in two Axis victory in World War II short novels by the American author Harry Turtledove, Ready for the Fatherland (1991) and The Phantom Tolbukhin (1998).
Twin towns – sister cities
Zaporizhzhia is twinned with:[77]
- Lahti, Finland (1953)
- Belfort, France (1967)
- Birmingham, United Kingdom (1973)
- Linz, Austria (1983)
- Oberhausen, Germany (1986)
- Yichang, China (1997)
- Magdeburg, Germany (2008)
- Ashdod, Israel (2011)
In 1969, the city renamed one of its streets after the city of Wrocław. The Wrocław authorities reciprocated, and a part of the Sudecka – Grabiszyńska Street towards the Square of the Silesian Insurgents was renamed Zaporoska Street.[78]
See also
- Zaporizhzhia Ferroalloy Plant
- Zaporizhzhia Foundry and Mechanical Plant
Notes
- ^ Also spelled as Zaporizhzhya or Zaporizhia
- ^ Russian: Александровск; Ukrainian: Олександрівськ
- ^ Since modern Zaporizhiazhia was greatly enlarged in the Soviet Union, many typography in the city had to be renamed. In the year of the fall of the Russian Empire (1917), the population of Alexandrovsk was about 60,000 people. In the year of Ukraine’s declaration of independence (1991), the city’s population reached almost 1 million people.
References
- ^ (in Ukrainian) The mayor of Zaporozhye was fired, Ukrayinska Pravda (30 September 2021)
- ^ a b The size and composition of the population of Zaporizhzhia region up to the Ukrainian population census 2001 (Численность и состав населения Запорожской области по итогам Всеукраинской переписи населения 2001 года). (in Russian)
- ^ «Про затвердження транслітерації написання географічної назви міста Запоріжжя латиницею. Рішення виконавчого комітету №476». Zaporizhzhia city council. Executive committee. 28 August 2017.
- ^ (in Ukrainian) [1]
- ^ Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 [Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine.
- ^ a b Pospelov, pp. 25–26
- ^ Я. П. Новицкий. История города Александровска, (Екатеринославской губ.) в связи с историей возникновения крепостей Днепровской линии 1770–1806 г. – Екатеринослав: Типография Губернского Земства, 1905. – 176 с. (in Russian)
- ^ The bridges of Zaporizhzhia (Мосты Запорожья), by L. Adelberg (Адельберг Л), pub RA Tandem st, Zaporizhzhia, 2005. (in Russian)
- ^ a b c d e f g Official Portal Zaporizhzhia city authorities, History (Офіційний портал, Запорізької міської влади, Історія міста) Archived 21 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine, accessed 11 April 2011. (in Ukrainian)
- ^ «Sovetskai︠a︡ arkhitektura». Искусство. 27 October 1969 – via Google Books.
- ^ New world review, p40
- ^ Меерович М. Г. Соцгород – базовое понятие советской градостроительной теории первых пятилеток Archived 28 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ «История Запорожья». photoalbum.zp.ua.
- ^ The Soviet economy and the Red Army, 1930–1945, by Walter Scott Dunn, Greenwood Publishing Group, 1995 ISBN 0-275-94893-5, page 13.
- ^ a b c The Great Patriotic War on the territory of Zaporizhzhia (Великая Отечественная война на территории Запорожья) (in Russian)
- ^ Germany and the Second World War, Volume IV The Attack on the Soviet Union, by Horst Boog, Jürgen Förster, Joachim Hoffmann, Ernst Klink, Rolf-Dieter Müller, Gerd R. Ueberschär, pub Clarendon Press, 1998, ISBN 0-19-822886-4, p 909.
- ^ «The Eastern Front, Timeline 1941». Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 18 April 2011.
- ^ Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty, Ukrainian Activists Draw Attention To Little-Known WWII Tragedy , by Dmytro Moroz and Claire Bigg, 23 August 2013.
- ^ Germany and the Second World War, Volume IV The Attack on the Soviet Union, p 607 says that Zaporizhzhia was captured on 1 October 1941.
- ^ Lost Victories, by Field Marshal Eric von Manstein, translated by Anthony G Powell, pdf version p267-270.
- ^ Lost Victories, by Field Marshal Eric von Manstein, pdf version p290-2.
- ^ Lost Victories, by Field Marshal Eric von Manstein, says that the Germans finished repairing the railway bridge only a few months before they lost the city in October 1943.
- ^ a b «The Eastern Front, Timeline 1943». Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 18 April 2011.
- ^ Moscow-Stalingrad-Berlin-Prague, Memories of Army Commander («Москва-Сталінград-Берлін-Прага». Записки командарма), by Dmitri Danilovich Lelyushenko (Лелюшенко Дмитро Данилович), pub Nauka, Moscow, 1987, chapter 4.
- ^ Почему мосты строят по 14 лет – и что говорит Укравтодор
- ^ Buckley, Neil (26 January 2014). «Ukraine protests spread to Yanukovich heartland». Financial Times.
- ^ «В Запорожье участники Майдана опечатали кабинеты руководства Запорожской ОГА : Новости УНИАН». Ukrainian Independent Information Agency. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
- ^ Ukraine Tensions Escalate as Russia, U.S. Exchange Barbs Archived 15 September 2014 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Poroshenko signed the laws about decommunization. Ukrayinska Pravda. 15 May 2015
Poroshenko signs laws on denouncing Communist, Nazi regimes, Interfax-Ukraine. 15 May 20
Goodbye, Lenin: Ukraine moves to ban communist symbols, BBC News (14 April 2015) - ^ Vitaly Shevchenko (1 June 2016), In pictures: Ukraine removes communist-era symbols, BBC News
- ^ Полный перечень переименованных в Запорожье улиц
- ^ (in Ukrainian) In Zaporizhzhia began to «dekomunize» DniproGES, Radio Free Europe (4 April 2016)
- ^ «Техніка росіян зайшла до Бердянська, в Запоріжжі зброю дають усім готовим захищати обласний центр». Радіо Свобода (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 27 February 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
- ^ «Жителів Запоріжжя просять не покидати укриття: Обстрілюють аеродром – новини Запоріжжя». www.depo.ua (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 27 February 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
- ^ «Video analysis reveals Russian attack on Ukrainian nuclear plant veered near disaster». NPR. 11 March 2022. Retrieved 1 April 2022.
- ^ «Update 1-Ukraine nuclear power plant Zaporizhzhia on fire, town mayor says». Reuters. 4 March 2022. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
- ^ «Invaders fire missiles on Zaporizhzhia, Sumy region at night».
- ^ «Ukraine war: Survivors speak of horror as Zaporizhzhia convoy hit». BBC News. 30 September 2022. Retrieved 30 September 2022.
- ^ «At least 17 are killed in Zaporizhzhia». The New York Times. 9 October 2022. Archived from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 9 October 2022.
- ^ «Паспорт города Запорожье». photoalbum.zp.ua.
- ^ «The interactive map of island of Khortitsa (Russian)». Archived from the original on 2 July 2011. Retrieved 2 July 2011.
- ^
ПОГОДА в Запорожье (in Russian). Погода и климат. Archived from the original on 13 December 2019. Retrieved 8 November 2021.. Snow days have been taken to mean days on which it snowed, not days with snow cover on the ground. - ^ «World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981–2010». World Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 17 July 2021. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
- ^ Головне управління статистики в Запорізькій області — Чисельність населення м. Запоріжжя Archived 13 February 2019 at the Wayback Machine
на 1 листопада 2015 року] - ^ «Zaporizhzhia · Population». population.city.
- ^ «Держстат України» (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2018.
- ^ a b c d e Natalia Ostasheva Venger (2003). «The Mennonite Industrial Dynasties in Alexandrovsk». Journal of Mennonite Studies. Vol. V21. Dnepropetrovsk National University. pp. 89–110.
- ^ Collection of scientific works of graduate students (Збiрник наукових праць аспірантів), by T H Shevchenka, pub Vyd-vo Kyïvsʹkoho University, 1963, p87 gives the 1861 population as 3,729. (in Ukrainian)
- ^ Ripley, George; Dana, Charles A. (Charles Anderson) (27 October 1879). «The American cyclopaedia: a popular dictionary of general knowledge. Edited by George Ripley and Charles A. Dana». New York D. Appleton – via Internet Archive.
- ^ Brockhaus and Efron’s Encyclopedia (Энциклопедический Словарь Ф.А.Брокгауза и И.А.Ефрона), edited by Professor IE Andreevskago, and K. Arseniev, pub FA Brockhaus (Leipzig) and IA Efron (St Petersburg), 1890–1907, entry for Aleksandrovsk in Yekaterinoslavskaya province (Александровск, уездный город Екатеринославской губернии). (in Russian)
- ^ Universal Calendar for 1898 (Всеобщий календарь на 1898 год), pub Hermann Hoppe (St Petersburg), 1898, p217 List of the populated areas of the Russian Empire, Abakan – Alekseevskoe (Роспись населённых местностей Российской империи, Абаканское – Алексеевское). (in Russian)
- ^ Large Encyclopedia (Большая Знциклопедія) Volume I, pub Prosveshechenie (St Petersburg), 1903, p323. pdf version (in Russian)
- ^ Russian Calendar for 1906 (Русский календарь на 1906 г.), pub A. Suvorina (St Petersburg), 1906, p108 List of the populated areas of the Russian Empire, Abbas-Tuman – Belev (Список городов и других населённых пунктов Российской империи, Аббас-Туман – Белев). (in Russian)
- ^ a b Ukrainian SSR (Украинская ССР), pub Economic Institute of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, 1958, p87.
- ^ Sergina V. «City Z:1921-199», film «Year 1926» Сергина В. Город Z: 1921–1991 (Невыдуманные истории): Исторически–познавательный ТВ проект для любой зрительской аудитории. – К., 2005. – 1 компакт – диск. Фильм «Год 1926»
- ^ Economic geography of the USSR by S S Balźak, V F Vasyutin, Ya G Feigin, pub Macmillan, 1956.
- ^ a b Half a century classified as ‘Secret’: All-Union census in 1937 (Полвека под грифом ‘секретно’: Всесоюзная перепись населения 1937 года) Archived 25 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine, by Valentina B Zhiromskaya, I Kiselev, Yu A Polyakov, pub Nauka, 1996. This gives the 1926 population as 55,295.(DJV-ZIP – requires DjVu viewer software) (in Russian)
- ^ a b The emergency evacuation of cities: a cross-national historical and geographical study, by Wilbur Zelinsky, Leszek A. Kosiński, pub Rowman & Littlefield, 1991, ISBN 0-8476-7673-0.
- ^ a b c The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (Большая Советская Энциклопедия), entry for Zaporizhzhia – Zaporizhzhia oblast centre (Запорожье – центр Запорізької обл.), 3rd edition, pub 1969 to 1978. (in Russian)
- ^ Sergina V. «City Z:1921-199», film «Year 1942» (Сергина В. Город Z: 1921–1991 (Невыдуманные истории): Исторически–познавательный ТВ проект для любой зрительской аудитории. – К., 2005.- 1 компакт – диск. Фильм «Год 1942») said the population for 1942 was 103,400.
- ^ The Ukrainian quarterly, Volumes 26–27, pub Ukrainian Congress Committee of America, 1970, p223.
- ^ The population of the USSR: According to the Proc. Census 1979 (Население СССР: По данным Всесоюзной переписи населения 1979 г.), pub Politizdat (Moscow), 1980 – table: USSR, the Soviet population in 1979, cities with a population of 100 thousand and more people (СССР, население СССР на 1979 год, Население союзных и автономных республик). (in Russian)
- ^ www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie L’Encyclopédie en ligne entry for Zaporojie. (in French)
- ^ Rand McNally atlas of world geography, pub Rand McNally Company, 1996, p38.
- ^ Population on 1 August 2010 (Чисельність населення на 1 серпня 2010 року), press release No 1377 issued by the State Department of Statistics in the Zaporizhzhia oblast (Держкомстат. Головне управління статистики у Запорізькій області), 16 September 2010[dead link]. (in Ukrainian)
- ^ Population on 1 March 2011 (Чисельність населення на 1 березня 2011 року), press release No 1163 issued by the State Department of Statistics in the Zaporizhzhia oblast (Держкомстат. Головне управління статистики у Запорізькій області), 18 April 2011. (in Ukrainian)
- ^ [2][permanent dead link]
- ^ «ЧИСЕЛЬНІСТЬ НАЯВНОГО НАСЕЛЕННЯ УКРАЇНИ» (PDF) (in Ukrainian). 1 January 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2018.
- ^ Лозовой Н. (17 January 2011). «Этнические войны: украинская версия». Истеблишмент. Archived from the original on 15 August 2011.
- ^ «Demoskop Weekly: Prilozhenie. Spravochnik statisticheskikh pokazateleĭ» Демоскоп Weekly — Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей. [Demoscope Weekly: appendix. Digest of statistical indicators.]. www.demoscope.ru. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
- ^ Vsesoi͡uznai͡a perepisʹ naselenii͡a 1926 goda Всесоюзная перепись населения 1926 года [All-union census of population 1926]. Moscow: Издание ЦСУ Союза ССР. 1928–29.
- ^ Romant͡sov, V. O. «Населення України і його рідна мова за часів радянської влади та незалежності» Naselenni͡a Ukraïny i ĭoho ridna mova za chasiv radi͡ansʹkoï vlady ta nezalez͡hnosti [The population of Ukraine and its native language in the periods of the Soviet régime and independence]. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
- ^ «Vseukraïnsʹkyĭ perepys naselenni͡a 2001 roku: Rozpodil naselenni͡a za ridnoi͡u movoi͡u, Zaporizʹka oblastʹ» Всеукраїнський перепис населення 2001 року. Розподіл населення за рідною мовою, Запорізька область [All-Ukrainian census of population 2001: Distribution of population by native language, Zaporizka oblast.]. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2021.
- ^ «Религиозная карта области». Остров Свободы (in Russian). Archived from the original on 17 June 2008. Retrieved 17 April 2011.
- ^ Helena Krasowska,The Polish Minority in South-Eastern Ukraine, pub Institute of Slavic Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, 2017, ISBN 978-83-64031-65-6, p. 50-52.
- ^ Galina and Maxim Ostapenko, History of our Khortytsia (Галина и Максим Остапенко История нашей Хортицы) Archived 31 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ «Города-побратимы». zp.gov.ua (in Russian). Zaporizhia. Retrieved 10 December 2022.
- ^ «Wrocław, ul. Zaporoska – Dolny.Slask.org.pl». Archived from the original on 29 September 2011. Retrieved 29 July 2011.
Sources
- Е. М. Поспелов (Ye. M. Pospelov). «Имена городов: вчера и сегодня (1917–1992). Топонимический словарь.» (City Names: Yesterday and Today (1917–1992). Toponymic Dictionary.» Москва, «Русские словари», 1993.
External links
Look up Zaporizhia in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
- Official portal of Zaporizhzhia City (in Ukrainian)
- One of the portals of Zaporizhzhia City (in Russian)
- Another one of the portals of Zaporizhzhia City (in Russian)
- Zaporizhzhia seven ways to adventure
- One of the few external reports on the city in English is the BBC report «Ukraine: Why the Orange Revolution ran out of steam», Daniel Sandford, Moscow correspondent, BBC News 10 March 2011.
|
Zaporizhzhia Запоріжжя |
|
|---|---|
|
City |
|
|
From top to bottom and left to right:
|
|
|
Flag
Coat of arms |
|
|
Zaporizhzhia
Zaporizhzhia |
|
| Coordinates: 47°51′00″N 35°07′03″E / 47.85000°N 35.11750°ECoordinates: 47°51′00″N 35°07′03″E / 47.85000°N 35.11750°E | |
| Country | Ukraine |
| Oblast | Zaporizhzhia Oblast |
| Founded | 952 |
| City rights | 1806 |
| Raions |
7
|
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Anatolii Kurtiev (acting Mayor since 30 September 2021)[1] |
| Area | |
| • Total | 334 km2 (129 sq mi) |
| Population
(2022) |
|
| • Total | 710,052 |
| • Density | 1,365.2/km2 (3,536/sq mi) |
| • 2001[2] | 817,900 |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
| Postal code |
69xxx |
| Area code | +380 61(2) |
| Climate | Dfa |
Zaporizhzhia[3][note 1] (Ukrainian: Запоріжжя) or Zaporozhye (Russian: Запорожье), until 1921 known as Aleksandrovsk or Oleksandrivsk,[note 2] is a city in southeast Ukraine, situated on the banks of the Dnieper River. It is the administrative centre of Zaporizhzhia Oblast.[4] Zaporizhzhia has a population of 710,052 (2022 est.)[5]
Zaporizhzhia is known for the historic island of Khortytsia, multiple power stations and for being an important industrial centre. Steel, aluminium, aircraft engines, automobiles, transformers for substations, and other heavy industrial goods are produced in the region.
Names and etymology
The name Zaporizhzhia refers to the position of the city: «beyond the rapids»—downstream or south of the Dnieper Rapids. These were previously an impediment to navigation and the site of important portages. In 1932, the rapids were flooded to become part of the reservoir of the Dnieper Hydroelectric Station.[6]
Before 1921, the city was called Aleksandrovsk (or Oleksandrivsk), named after the original fortress that formed a part of the Dnieper Defence Line [ru] of the Russian Empire.
History
Zaporizhzhia was founded in 1770, when the Aleksandrovskaya (Александровская) Fortress was built as a part of the Dnieper Defence Line, to protect the southern territories of the Russian Empire from Crimean Tatar invasions.[7] Following the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca in 1775, the southern lands of the Russian Plain and the Crimean peninsula were absorbed into the Russian Empire. The Aleksandrovskaya Fortress then lost its military significance, and became a small rural town, which from 1806 to around 1930 was called Alexandrovsk.[6]
The opening of the Kichkas Bridge at the start of 20th century, the first rail crossing of the Dnieper, was followed the industrial growth of Zaporizhzhia .[8] In 1916, during World War I, the DEKA Stock Association transferred its aircraft engine manufacturing plant from Saint Petersburg to Zaporizhzhia.[9]
During the Russian Civil War (1918–1921), Zaporizhzhia was the scene of fierce fighting between the Red Army and the White armies of Denikin and Wrangel, Petliura’s Ukrainian People’s Army of the Ukrainian People’s Republic, and German-Austrian troops. The opposing armies used the strategically important Kichkas Bridge to transfer troops, ammunition, and medical supplies. The Soviet government industrialized Zaporizhzhia still further during the 1920s and 1930s, when the Dnieper Hydroelectric Station, and the Zaporizhzhia Steel Plant, and the Dnieper Aluminium Plant were built.[10][11][12][13] In the 1930s, the American United Engineering and Foundry Company built a strip mill similar to the Ford River Rouge steel mill to produce rolling steel strip. The annual capacity of the mill reached 540,000 tonnes (600,000 short tons) of 170 cm (66 inches) wide steel.[14]
World War II (1941–1945)
After the outbreak of the War between the USSR and Nazi Germany in June 1941, the Soviet government began evacuating Zaporizhzhia’s industries to Siberia.[15] and the Soviet security forces began shooting political prisoners in the city.[16] On 18 August 1941, elements of the German 1st Panzergruppe reached the outskirts of Zaporizhzhia on the right bank and seized the island of Khortytsia.[17]
The Red Army blew a 120 by 10 metres (394 ft × 33 ft) hole in the Dnieper hydroelectric dam on 18 August 1941, producing a flood wave that swept from Zaporizhzhia to Nikopol.[15] The flood killed local residents as well as soldiers from both armies, with historians estimating the death toll to be between 20,000 and 100,000.[18] Despite reinforcements, Zaporizhzhia was taken on 3 October 1941.[19] The German occupation lasted two years; during which the Germans shot over 35,000 people and sent 58,000 people to Germany as forced labourers.[15]
The Germans reformed Army Group South in February 1943, and put its headquarters in Zaporizhzhia.[20] Adolf Hitler visited the headquarters in February1943, and again the following month, where he was briefed by Field Marshal Eric von Manstein and his air force counterpart Field Marshal Wolfram Freiherr von Richthofen, and in September 1943,[21] the month the Army Group moved its headquarters to Kirovograd).[22]
In August 1943, the Germans built the Panther-Wotan defence line along the Dnieper from Kyiv to Crimea. They retreated back to this line in September 1943, holding the city as a bridgehead over the Dnieper with elements of 40th Panzer and 17th Corps.[23] The Soviet Southwestern Front, commanded by Army General Rodion Malinovsky, attacked Zaporizhzhia on 10 October 1943.[23] The defenders repelled these attacks, but the Red Army launched a surprise night attack on 13 October, which succeeded in reclaiming most parts of the city.[24]
1991–present
Modern Zaporizhzhia (2015)
In 2004, to alleviate congestion around the Zaporizhzhia Arch Bridge area, construction began on the New Zaporizhzhia Dniper Bridge, although construction was halted soon after it began, due to a lack of funding.[25]
During the 2014 Euromaidan regional state administration occupations, during protests against President Viktor Yanukovych,[26] Zaporizhzhia’s regional state administration building was occupied by 4,500 protesters,[27] and there were clashes between Ukrainian and pro-Russian activists in April 2014.[28]
On 19 May 2016, the Verkhovna Rada approved the «Decommunisation Law».[29] Since the introduction of the law, the city council renamed over 50 streets and administrative areas of the city,[note 3] monuments of the Soviet Union leaders]] Lenin and Felix Dzerzhinsky have been destroyed,[30][31] and names honouring Soviet leaders in the titles of industrial plants, factories, culture centres, and the DniproHES have been removed.[32]
Russian invasion (2022)
Russian forces have been engaged in ongoing attacks on Zaporizhzhia since the beginning of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. On 27 February, fighting was reported in the southern outskirts,[33] and Russian forces began shelling the city later that evening.[34] On 3 March, Russian forces approached the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant, raising concerns about a potential nuclear meltdown.[35][36] Russian military forces fired missiles on Zaporizhzhia on the evening of 12/13 May.[37]
On 30 September, hours before Russia formally annexed Southern and Eastern Ukraine, the Russian Armed Forces launched S-300 missiles at a civilian convoy in Zaporizhzhia, killing at least 30 people.[38] On 9 October, Russian forces launched rockets at residential buildings, killing at least 17 people.[39]
Geography
Zaporizhzhia is located in south-eastern Ukraine. The Dnieper splits the city in two; between them is Khortytsia Island. The city covers 334 km2 (129 sq mi) at an elevation of 50 m (160 ft) above sea level.[40] The New and Old Dnieper flow past around Khortytsia: The New Dnieper [uk] is about 800 m (2,600 feet) wide while the Old Dnieper [uk] is about 200 m (660 feet) wide. The island has 12 km × 2 km (7.5 mi × 1.2 mi) sizes. Smaller rivers in the city also enter the Dnieper: Sukha [uk] and Mokra Moskovka [uk], Kushuhum [uk], and Verkhnia Khortytsia [uk].
The flora of Khortytsia is unique and diverse, due to the dry steppe air and a large freshwater basin, which cleans the air polluted by industry. The island is a national park. The ground surface is cut by large ravines («balka«), hiking routes and historical monuments. The island, which is a popular recreational area, hassanatoriums, resorts, health centres, and sandy beaches.[41]
Climate
| Climate data for Zaporizhzhia (1991–2020, extremes 1959–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 12.2 (54.0) |
17.1 (62.8) |
24.0 (75.2) |
31.4 (88.5) |
35.9 (96.6) |
36.5 (97.7) |
39.5 (103.1) |
40.2 (104.4) |
35.9 (96.6) |
35.0 (95.0) |
20.9 (69.6) |
16.0 (60.8) |
40.2 (104.4) |
| Average high °C (°F) | −0.3 (31.5) |
1.2 (34.2) |
7.5 (45.5) |
16.1 (61.0) |
22.6 (72.7) |
26.6 (79.9) |
29.3 (84.7) |
29.0 (84.2) |
22.7 (72.9) |
14.7 (58.5) |
6.5 (43.7) |
1.3 (34.3) |
14.8 (58.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −3.1 (26.4) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
3.0 (37.4) |
10.5 (50.9) |
16.7 (62.1) |
20.9 (69.6) |
23.2 (73.8) |
22.6 (72.7) |
16.7 (62.1) |
9.7 (49.5) |
3.1 (37.6) |
−1.3 (29.7) |
10.0 (50.0) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −5.8 (21.6) |
−5.3 (22.5) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
5.0 (41.0) |
10.9 (51.6) |
15.2 (59.4) |
17.1 (62.8) |
16.4 (61.5) |
11.3 (52.3) |
5.5 (41.9) |
0.2 (32.4) |
−3.8 (25.2) |
5.5 (41.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −29.3 (−20.7) |
−26.1 (−15.0) |
−25 (−13) |
−8.2 (17.2) |
−2 (28) |
3.9 (39.0) |
8.2 (46.8) |
3.9 (39.0) |
−3 (27) |
−8.9 (16.0) |
−18.6 (−1.5) |
−26.2 (−15.2) |
−29.3 (−20.7) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 39 (1.5) |
32 (1.3) |
37 (1.5) |
41 (1.6) |
51 (2.0) |
61 (2.4) |
45 (1.8) |
44 (1.7) |
38 (1.5) |
34 (1.3) |
40 (1.6) |
53 (2.1) |
515 (20.3) |
| Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) | 7 (2.8) |
8 (3.1) |
4 (1.6) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
1 (0.4) |
3 (1.2) |
8 (3.1) |
| Average rainy days | 10 | 8 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 10 | 8 | 10 | 11 | 13 | 11 | 130 |
| Average snowy days | 14 | 14 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 13 | 58 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 85.2 | 82.4 | 77.6 | 67.2 | 63.1 | 66.0 | 63.6 | 62.1 | 68.5 | 75.5 | 84.3 | 86.1 | 73.5 |
| Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net[42] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: World Meteorological Organization (humidity 1981–2010)[43] |
Governance
Zaporizhzhia is the main city of Zaporizhzhia Oblast with a form of self-rule within the oblast. The city is divided into 7 administrative raions.
|
The population of the districts of the city of Zaporizhia as of November 1 2015:[44]
|
|
Demographics
City population
The city population has been declining since the first years of the state independence. In 2014–2015 the rate of the population decrease was −0.56%/year.[45]
In January 2017, the population was 750,685.[46]
The total reduction of the population of the city since independence has been around 146,000 (not including 2017–2018).
|
|
|
Ethnic structure
According to the 2001 census,[69] 70.28% of the population of Zaporizhzhia (total population 815,300) were Ukrainians, 25.39% were Russians, 0.67% were Belorussians, 0.44% were Bulgarians, 0.42% were Jews, 0.38% were Georgians, 0.38% were Armenians, 0.27% were Tatar, 0.15% were Azeris, 0.11% were Roma (Gypsies), 0.1% were Poles, 0.09% were Germans, 0.09% were Moldovans, and 0.07% were Greeks.
Language
Ukrainian is used for official government business. The native language of people living in Zaporizhzhia, according to censuses in Ukraine (by percent):
| Language | 1897[70] | 1926[71] | 1989[72] | 2001[73] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ukrainian | 43.0 | 33.8 | 41.3 | 41.6 |
| Russian | 24.8 | 52.2 | 57.0 | 56.8 |
| Yiddish | 27.8 | 9.7 | 0.1 |
Religion
The following religious denominations are present in Zaporizhzhia:[74]
- Christianity
- Orthodoxy
Holy Protection Cathedral
Most of the citizens are Orthodox Christians of Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate) or Orthodox Church of Ukraine. Among the Orthodox churches the Church of the Intercession [uk], which is under the Moscow Patriarchate, is most popular. There are also St. Nicholas Church and St. Andrew’s Cathedral in the city.
- Protestantism
Protestantism is represented by:
- All-Ukrainian Union of Christians of Evangelical Faith;
- Seventh-day Adventist Church;
- Full Gospel Church.
- Catholicism
Catholicism is represented by:
- Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church;
- The Roman Catholic Church.[75]
The biggest Catholic church is Church of God, the Father of Mercy
- Judaism
Orthodox Judaism is represented by one union and six communities.
- Islam
In the Zaporizhzhia district there are five communities which are part of the Spiritual Administration of Muslims of Ukraine and four independent Muslim communities.
- Hinduism
The city hosts a branch of the Vedic Academy.
Economy
Industry
Zaporizhzhia is an important industrial centre of Ukraine, the country’s main car manufacturing company, the Motor-Sich world-famous aircraft engine manufacturer. Well supplied with electricity, Zaporizhzhia forms, together with the adjoining Donets Basin (Donbas) and the Nikopol manganese and Kryvyi Rih iron mines, one of Ukraine’s leading industrial complexes.
The city is a home of Ukraine’s main automobile production centre, which is based at the Zaporizhzhia Automobile Factory (ZAZ), producing Ukrainian car brands such as Zaporozhets and Tavria.
After the end of the Russian Revolution, the city became an important industrial centre. The presence of cheap labor and the proximity of deposits of coal, iron ore, and manganese created favorable conditions for large-scale enterprises of the iron and mechanical engineering industries. Today Zaporizhzhia is an important industrial centre of the region with heavy industry (particularly metallurgy), aluminium, and chemical industry. Cars, avia motors and radioelectronics are manufactured in the city. The port of Zaporizhzhia is important for transshipment for goods from the Donbas.
Zaporizhstal, Ukraine’s fourth largest steel maker, and ranking 54th in the world, is based in the city.
Electricity generation
Zaporizhzhia is a large electricity generating hub. There are hydroelectric power plant known as «DniproHES» Dnieper Hydroelectric Station and the largest nuclear power plant in Europe. Prior to the 2022 invasion, the plants generated about 25% of the Ukrainian electricity supply. Located near the Enerhodar and about 60 km (37 miles) from Zaporizhzhia is the Zaporizhzhia Thermal Power Station and the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant, the largest nuclear power plant in Europe.
Culture
Magara Academic Drama Theatre
Zaporizhzhia has an orchestra, museums, theatres, and libraries. These include the Magara Academic Drama Theatre, the Municipal Theatre Lab «VIE», the Theatre for Young-Age spectators, the Theatre of Horse Riding «Zaporizhzhian Cossacks», the Zaporizhzhia Regional Museum, the National Museum of the History of the Zaporizhzhian Cossacks, the Zaporizhzhia Regional Art Museum, the Motor Sich Aviation Museum, and the Zaporizhzhia Region Universal Scientific Library.
There are a number of small amateur groups of folk music bands, art galleries in Zaporizhzhia. The city regularly holds festivals, Cossack martial arts competitions, and art exhibitions.
Zaporizhzhia has an open-air exhibition-and-sale of Zaporizhzhia city association of artists «Kolorit» near the ‘Fountain of Life’ at the Mayakovskoho square [uk]. A daily exhibition of artists’ organizations of the city is a unique place in Zaporizhzhia, where people can meet craftsmen and artists, watch carving, embroidery, beading classes, and receive advice from professional artists and designers.
Main sights
The historical and cultural museum «Zaporizka Sich» is placed on the northern rocky part of Khotritsa Island. The museum is a reconstruction of the stronghold of the Zaporizhzhian Cossacks, and contains features of the military camp life and their lifestyle.
Each of the smaller islands are located between the dam and the island Khortytsia has its own legend. On one of them, Durnya Scala («Rock of the Fool»), Tzar Peter the Great flogged the Cossacks for their betrayal the Russians during the Great Northern War between Russia and Sweden. Another small island, Stolb («Pillar»), has a geological feature, which looks like a large bowl in granite slabs, the Cossack’s Bowl. It is said that in summer days, water can be boiled in this «bowl», and the Cossacks used it for cooking galushki (boiled dough in a spicy broth).[76]
Transport links
Zaporizhzhia is an important transportation hub in Ukraine that includes roads, as well as rail, river and air links for passenger and freight transport. Zaporizhzhia International Airport, located to the east of the city on the left-bank of the Dnieper, serves domestic and international flights. Shyroke Airfield is to the west of the city on the right-bank of the Dnieper.
Zaporizhzhia is bypassed beyond its eastern outskirts by a major national highway M18, which connects Kharkiv with Simferopol. The H08, which starts just outside Kyiv and travels southeast along the Dnieper through Kremenchuk, Kamianske, Dnipro, passes through Zaporizhzhia on to Mariupol. The H15 from Donetsk and the H23 [de] from Kropyvnytskyi via Kryvyi Rih, both end in Zaporizhzhia.
There are four road bridges and two rail bridges over the Dnieper, nearly all of which bridges cross Khortytsia Island. President Volodymyr Zelenskyy opened the first stage of the New Zaporizhzhia Dniper Bridge early in 2022, .
The city has two rail stations, Zaporizhzhia-the-First and Zaporizhzhia-the-Second. The First is the central station, located in the southern part of the city and is a part of Simferopol-Kharkiv, the «north-south» transit route. The line of the Zaporizhzhia-the-Second station connects the Donbas coalfield with Kryvyi Rih.
The city’s two river ports are part of the national water transportation infrastructure that connects Kyiv to Kherson along the Dnieper. Freight ships and cutter boats travel between Zaporizhzhia and nearby villages. The island of Khortytsia splits the Dnieper into two; the main channel passes the island on its eastern side, with the Staryi Dnipro (Old Dnieper) flowing past the island on the western side.
Notable people
- Alyosha (born 1986), Ukrainian singer, stage name of Olena Oleksandrivna Kucher
- Vasiliy Bebko, (1932-2022), Russian diplomat
- Tamara Bulat (1933-2004), Ukrainian-American musicologist
- Victoria Bulitko (born 1983), a Ukrainian film, TV and theatre actress.
- Evgeniy Chernyak (born 1969), Ukrainian businessman
- Evgeniy Chuikov (1924-2000) Ukrainian landscape painter working in the Russian realist and French Impressionist traditions.
- Volodymyr Dakhno (1932-2006) Ukrainian animator and animation film director.
- Valentyna Danishevska (born 1957), Ukrainian lawyer and judge
- Gerhard Ens (1863–1952), farmer, immigration agent and politician in Saskatchewan
- Igor Fesunenko (1933-2016), Russian journalist and foreign affairs writer
- Sergey Glazyev (born 1961), Russian politician and economist
- Alina Gorlova (born 1992), a Ukrainian filmmaker, director, and screenwriter
- Konstantin Grigorishin (born 1965), a Russian-Ukrainian businessman and billionaire.
- Volodymyr Horbulin (born 1939), Ukrainian politician
- Valeriy Ivaschenko (born 1956), Ukrainian former Deputy Minister of Defence
- Boris Ivchenko, (1941-1990) Ukrainian actor and film director
- Igor P. Kaidashev (born 1969), Ukrainian immunologist and allergist
- Valeriy Kostyuk (born 1940), Russian scientist
- Maxim Ksenzov (born 1973), Russian statesman
- Valery Kulikov (born 1956), Ukrainian-born Russian politician
- Gosha Kutsenko (born 1967), Russian actor, producer, singer, poet and screenwriter
- Valentyn Nalyvaichenko (born 1966), Ukrainian diplomat and politician.
- Eva Neymann (born 1974), Ukrainian film director
- Maria Nikiforova (1885–1919), revolutionary insurgent and Anarchist partisan leader.
- Anna October (born 1991), Ukrainian fashion designer
- Aleksandr Panayotov (born 1984), Russian-Ukrainian singer and songwriter
- Mykhailo Papiyev (born 1960), Ukrainian engineer and politician
- Oleksandr Peklushenko, (1954-2015) Ukrainian politician
- Max Polyakov (born 1977), an international technology entrepreneur, economist and philanthropist
- Georgy Shchokin (born 1954), businessman, sociologist, psychologist and politician
- Boris Shtein, (1892–1961) Soviet diplomat
- Oleksandr Sin (born 1961), Ukrainian politician former mayor of Zaporizhzhia
- Serhiy Sobolyev (born 1961), Ukrainian politician
- Yanina Sokolova (born 1984) a journalist, TV presenter and actress.
- Naum Sorkin, (1899–1980) a Soviet military officer and diplomat.
- Oleksandr Starukh (born 1973), Ukrainian historian and politician
- Liudmyla Suprun (born 1965), a Ukrainian politician
- Yevhen Synelnykov (born 1981), a Ukrainian TV presenter, director and actor
- Estas Tonne (born 1975), a musician, plays guitar and flute
- Vladyslav Yama (born 1982), a Ukrainian dancer and educator
Sport
- Polina Astakhova (1936–2005) an artistic gymnast; won ten medals at the 1956, 1960 and 1964 Summer Olympics.
- Anastasia Bliznyuk (born 1994), a Russian group rhythmic gymnast.
- Maksym Dolhov (born 1996), Ukrainian diver
- Tanja Logwin (born 1974), Ukrainian-born Austrian handball player
- Alina Maksymenko (born 1991), Ukrainian rhythmic gymnast
- Oleksii Pashkov (born 1981), silver medallist in the discus at the 2012 Summer Paralympics
- Volodymyr Polikarpenko (born 1972), Ukrainian former trialthon athlete
- Yakiv Punkin (1921–1994) wrestler, gold medallist at the 1952 Summer Olympics.
- Oksana Skaldina (born 1972) gymnast; bronze medallist at the 1992 Summer Olympics
- Ganna Sorokina (born 1976) diver; team bronze medallist at the 2000 Summer Olympics
- Olga Strazheva (born 1972) gymnast; team gold medallist at the 1988 Summer Olympics
- Vita Styopina (born 1976) high jumper; bronze medallist at the 2004 Summer Olympics
- Denys Sylantyev (born 1976) politician and swimmer; four time Olympian, silver medallist at the 2000 Summer Olympics and national flag bearer at the 2004 Summer Olympics.
- Razmik Tonoyan (born 1988), Ukrainian sambist, (a Soviet-origin Russian martial art)
- Roman Volod’kov (born 1973), Ukrainian former diver
- Sergiusz Wołczaniecki (born 1964) a Polish weightlifter; bronze medallist at the 1992 Summer Olympics
- Olena Zhupina (born 1973), Ukrainian diver
In popular culture
Zaporizhzhia is a setting in two Axis victory in World War II short novels by the American author Harry Turtledove, Ready for the Fatherland (1991) and The Phantom Tolbukhin (1998).
Twin towns – sister cities
Zaporizhzhia is twinned with:[77]
In 1969, the city renamed one of its streets after the city of Wrocław. The Wrocław authorities reciprocated, and a part of the Sudecka – Grabiszyńska Street towards the Square of the Silesian Insurgents was renamed Zaporoska Street.[78]
See also
- Zaporizhzhia Ferroalloy Plant
- Zaporizhzhia Foundry and Mechanical Plant
Notes
- ^ Also spelled as Zaporizhzhya or Zaporizhia
- ^ Russian: Александровск; Ukrainian: Олександрівськ
- ^ Since modern Zaporizhiazhia was greatly enlarged in the Soviet Union, many typography in the city had to be renamed. In the year of the fall of the Russian Empire (1917), the population of Alexandrovsk was about 60,000 people. In the year of Ukraine’s declaration of independence (1991), the city’s population reached almost 1 million people.
References
- ^ (in Ukrainian) The mayor of Zaporozhye was fired, Ukrayinska Pravda (30 September 2021)
- ^ a b The size and composition of the population of Zaporizhzhia region up to the Ukrainian population census 2001 (Численность и состав населения Запорожской области по итогам Всеукраинской переписи населения 2001 года). (in Russian)
- ^ «Про затвердження транслітерації написання географічної назви міста Запоріжжя латиницею. Рішення виконавчого комітету №476». Zaporizhzhia city council. Executive committee. 28 August 2017.
- ^ (in Ukrainian) [1]
- ^ Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 [Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine.
- ^ a b Pospelov, pp. 25–26
- ^ Я. П. Новицкий. История города Александровска, (Екатеринославской губ.) в связи с историей возникновения крепостей Днепровской линии 1770–1806 г. – Екатеринослав: Типография Губернского Земства, 1905. – 176 с. (in Russian)
- ^ The bridges of Zaporizhzhia (Мосты Запорожья), by L. Adelberg (Адельберг Л), pub RA Tandem st, Zaporizhzhia, 2005. (in Russian)
- ^ a b c d e f g Official Portal Zaporizhzhia city authorities, History (Офіційний портал, Запорізької міської влади, Історія міста) Archived 21 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine, accessed 11 April 2011. (in Ukrainian)
- ^ «Sovetskai︠a︡ arkhitektura». Искусство. 27 October 1969 – via Google Books.
- ^ New world review, p40
- ^ Меерович М. Г. Соцгород – базовое понятие советской градостроительной теории первых пятилеток Archived 28 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ «История Запорожья». photoalbum.zp.ua.
- ^ The Soviet economy and the Red Army, 1930–1945, by Walter Scott Dunn, Greenwood Publishing Group, 1995 ISBN 0-275-94893-5, page 13.
- ^ a b c The Great Patriotic War on the territory of Zaporizhzhia (Великая Отечественная война на территории Запорожья) (in Russian)
- ^ Germany and the Second World War, Volume IV The Attack on the Soviet Union, by Horst Boog, Jürgen Förster, Joachim Hoffmann, Ernst Klink, Rolf-Dieter Müller, Gerd R. Ueberschär, pub Clarendon Press, 1998, ISBN 0-19-822886-4, p 909.
- ^ «The Eastern Front, Timeline 1941». Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 18 April 2011.
- ^ Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty, Ukrainian Activists Draw Attention To Little-Known WWII Tragedy , by Dmytro Moroz and Claire Bigg, 23 August 2013.
- ^ Germany and the Second World War, Volume IV The Attack on the Soviet Union, p 607 says that Zaporizhzhia was captured on 1 October 1941.
- ^ Lost Victories, by Field Marshal Eric von Manstein, translated by Anthony G Powell, pdf version p267-270.
- ^ Lost Victories, by Field Marshal Eric von Manstein, pdf version p290-2.
- ^ Lost Victories, by Field Marshal Eric von Manstein, says that the Germans finished repairing the railway bridge only a few months before they lost the city in October 1943.
- ^ a b «The Eastern Front, Timeline 1943». Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 18 April 2011.
- ^ Moscow-Stalingrad-Berlin-Prague, Memories of Army Commander («Москва-Сталінград-Берлін-Прага». Записки командарма), by Dmitri Danilovich Lelyushenko (Лелюшенко Дмитро Данилович), pub Nauka, Moscow, 1987, chapter 4.
- ^ Почему мосты строят по 14 лет – и что говорит Укравтодор
- ^ Buckley, Neil (26 January 2014). «Ukraine protests spread to Yanukovich heartland». Financial Times.
- ^ «В Запорожье участники Майдана опечатали кабинеты руководства Запорожской ОГА : Новости УНИАН». Ukrainian Independent Information Agency. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
- ^ Ukraine Tensions Escalate as Russia, U.S. Exchange Barbs Archived 15 September 2014 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Poroshenko signed the laws about decommunization. Ukrayinska Pravda. 15 May 2015
Poroshenko signs laws on denouncing Communist, Nazi regimes, Interfax-Ukraine. 15 May 20
Goodbye, Lenin: Ukraine moves to ban communist symbols, BBC News (14 April 2015) - ^ Vitaly Shevchenko (1 June 2016), In pictures: Ukraine removes communist-era symbols, BBC News
- ^ Полный перечень переименованных в Запорожье улиц
- ^ (in Ukrainian) In Zaporizhzhia began to «dekomunize» DniproGES, Radio Free Europe (4 April 2016)
- ^ «Техніка росіян зайшла до Бердянська, в Запоріжжі зброю дають усім готовим захищати обласний центр». Радіо Свобода (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 27 February 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
- ^ «Жителів Запоріжжя просять не покидати укриття: Обстрілюють аеродром – новини Запоріжжя». www.depo.ua (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 27 February 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
- ^ «Video analysis reveals Russian attack on Ukrainian nuclear plant veered near disaster». NPR. 11 March 2022. Retrieved 1 April 2022.
- ^ «Update 1-Ukraine nuclear power plant Zaporizhzhia on fire, town mayor says». Reuters. 4 March 2022. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
- ^ «Invaders fire missiles on Zaporizhzhia, Sumy region at night».
- ^ «Ukraine war: Survivors speak of horror as Zaporizhzhia convoy hit». BBC News. 30 September 2022. Retrieved 30 September 2022.
- ^ «At least 17 are killed in Zaporizhzhia». The New York Times. 9 October 2022. Archived from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 9 October 2022.
- ^ «Паспорт города Запорожье». photoalbum.zp.ua.
- ^ «The interactive map of island of Khortitsa (Russian)». Archived from the original on 2 July 2011. Retrieved 2 July 2011.
- ^
ПОГОДА в Запорожье (in Russian). Погода и климат. Archived from the original on 13 December 2019. Retrieved 8 November 2021.. Snow days have been taken to mean days on which it snowed, not days with snow cover on the ground. - ^ «World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981–2010». World Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 17 July 2021. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
- ^ Головне управління статистики в Запорізькій області — Чисельність населення м. Запоріжжя Archived 13 February 2019 at the Wayback Machine
на 1 листопада 2015 року] - ^ «Zaporizhzhia · Population». population.city.
- ^ «Держстат України» (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2018.
- ^ a b c d e Natalia Ostasheva Venger (2003). «The Mennonite Industrial Dynasties in Alexandrovsk». Journal of Mennonite Studies. Vol. V21. Dnepropetrovsk National University. pp. 89–110.
- ^ Collection of scientific works of graduate students (Збiрник наукових праць аспірантів), by T H Shevchenka, pub Vyd-vo Kyïvsʹkoho University, 1963, p87 gives the 1861 population as 3,729. (in Ukrainian)
- ^ Ripley, George; Dana, Charles A. (Charles Anderson) (27 October 1879). «The American cyclopaedia: a popular dictionary of general knowledge. Edited by George Ripley and Charles A. Dana». New York D. Appleton – via Internet Archive.
- ^ Brockhaus and Efron’s Encyclopedia (Энциклопедический Словарь Ф.А.Брокгауза и И.А.Ефрона), edited by Professor IE Andreevskago, and K. Arseniev, pub FA Brockhaus (Leipzig) and IA Efron (St Petersburg), 1890–1907, entry for Aleksandrovsk in Yekaterinoslavskaya province (Александровск, уездный город Екатеринославской губернии). (in Russian)
- ^ Universal Calendar for 1898 (Всеобщий календарь на 1898 год), pub Hermann Hoppe (St Petersburg), 1898, p217 List of the populated areas of the Russian Empire, Abakan – Alekseevskoe (Роспись населённых местностей Российской империи, Абаканское – Алексеевское). (in Russian)
- ^ Large Encyclopedia (Большая Знциклопедія) Volume I, pub Prosveshechenie (St Petersburg), 1903, p323. pdf version (in Russian)
- ^ Russian Calendar for 1906 (Русский календарь на 1906 г.), pub A. Suvorina (St Petersburg), 1906, p108 List of the populated areas of the Russian Empire, Abbas-Tuman – Belev (Список городов и других населённых пунктов Российской империи, Аббас-Туман – Белев). (in Russian)
- ^ a b Ukrainian SSR (Украинская ССР), pub Economic Institute of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, 1958, p87.
- ^ Sergina V. «City Z:1921-199», film «Year 1926» Сергина В. Город Z: 1921–1991 (Невыдуманные истории): Исторически–познавательный ТВ проект для любой зрительской аудитории. – К., 2005. – 1 компакт – диск. Фильм «Год 1926»
- ^ Economic geography of the USSR by S S Balźak, V F Vasyutin, Ya G Feigin, pub Macmillan, 1956.
- ^ a b Half a century classified as ‘Secret’: All-Union census in 1937 (Полвека под грифом ‘секретно’: Всесоюзная перепись населения 1937 года) Archived 25 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine, by Valentina B Zhiromskaya, I Kiselev, Yu A Polyakov, pub Nauka, 1996. This gives the 1926 population as 55,295.(DJV-ZIP – requires DjVu viewer software) (in Russian)
- ^ a b The emergency evacuation of cities: a cross-national historical and geographical study, by Wilbur Zelinsky, Leszek A. Kosiński, pub Rowman & Littlefield, 1991, ISBN 0-8476-7673-0.
- ^ a b c The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (Большая Советская Энциклопедия), entry for Zaporizhzhia – Zaporizhzhia oblast centre (Запорожье – центр Запорізької обл.), 3rd edition, pub 1969 to 1978. (in Russian)
- ^ Sergina V. «City Z:1921-199», film «Year 1942» (Сергина В. Город Z: 1921–1991 (Невыдуманные истории): Исторически–познавательный ТВ проект для любой зрительской аудитории. – К., 2005.- 1 компакт – диск. Фильм «Год 1942») said the population for 1942 was 103,400.
- ^ The Ukrainian quarterly, Volumes 26–27, pub Ukrainian Congress Committee of America, 1970, p223.
- ^ The population of the USSR: According to the Proc. Census 1979 (Население СССР: По данным Всесоюзной переписи населения 1979 г.), pub Politizdat (Moscow), 1980 – table: USSR, the Soviet population in 1979, cities with a population of 100 thousand and more people (СССР, население СССР на 1979 год, Население союзных и автономных республик). (in Russian)
- ^ www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie L’Encyclopédie en ligne entry for Zaporojie. (in French)
- ^ Rand McNally atlas of world geography, pub Rand McNally Company, 1996, p38.
- ^ Population on 1 August 2010 (Чисельність населення на 1 серпня 2010 року), press release No 1377 issued by the State Department of Statistics in the Zaporizhzhia oblast (Держкомстат. Головне управління статистики у Запорізькій області), 16 September 2010[dead link]. (in Ukrainian)
- ^ Population on 1 March 2011 (Чисельність населення на 1 березня 2011 року), press release No 1163 issued by the State Department of Statistics in the Zaporizhzhia oblast (Держкомстат. Головне управління статистики у Запорізькій області), 18 April 2011. (in Ukrainian)
- ^ [2][permanent dead link]
- ^ «ЧИСЕЛЬНІСТЬ НАЯВНОГО НАСЕЛЕННЯ УКРАЇНИ» (PDF) (in Ukrainian). 1 January 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2018.
- ^ Лозовой Н. (17 January 2011). «Этнические войны: украинская версия». Истеблишмент. Archived from the original on 15 August 2011.
- ^ «Demoskop Weekly: Prilozhenie. Spravochnik statisticheskikh pokazateleĭ» Демоскоп Weekly — Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей. [Demoscope Weekly: appendix. Digest of statistical indicators.]. www.demoscope.ru. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
- ^ Vsesoi͡uznai͡a perepisʹ naselenii͡a 1926 goda Всесоюзная перепись населения 1926 года [All-union census of population 1926]. Moscow: Издание ЦСУ Союза ССР. 1928–29.
- ^ Romant͡sov, V. O. «Населення України і його рідна мова за часів радянської влади та незалежності» Naselenni͡a Ukraïny i ĭoho ridna mova za chasiv radi͡ansʹkoï vlady ta nezalez͡hnosti [The population of Ukraine and its native language in the periods of the Soviet régime and independence]. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
- ^ «Vseukraïnsʹkyĭ perepys naselenni͡a 2001 roku: Rozpodil naselenni͡a za ridnoi͡u movoi͡u, Zaporizʹka oblastʹ» Всеукраїнський перепис населення 2001 року. Розподіл населення за рідною мовою, Запорізька область [All-Ukrainian census of population 2001: Distribution of population by native language, Zaporizka oblast.]. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2021.
- ^ «Религиозная карта области». Остров Свободы (in Russian). Archived from the original on 17 June 2008. Retrieved 17 April 2011.
- ^ Helena Krasowska,The Polish Minority in South-Eastern Ukraine, pub Institute of Slavic Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, 2017, ISBN 978-83-64031-65-6, p. 50-52.
- ^ Galina and Maxim Ostapenko, History of our Khortytsia (Галина и Максим Остапенко История нашей Хортицы) Archived 31 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ «Города-побратимы». zp.gov.ua (in Russian). Zaporizhia. Retrieved 10 December 2022.
- ^ «Wrocław, ul. Zaporoska – Dolny.Slask.org.pl». Archived from the original on 29 September 2011. Retrieved 29 July 2011.
Sources
- Е. М. Поспелов (Ye. M. Pospelov). «Имена городов: вчера и сегодня (1917–1992). Топонимический словарь.» (City Names: Yesterday and Today (1917–1992). Toponymic Dictionary.» Москва, «Русские словари», 1993.
External links
Look up Zaporizhia in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
- Official portal of Zaporizhzhia City (in Ukrainian)
- One of the portals of Zaporizhzhia City (in Russian)
- Another one of the portals of Zaporizhzhia City (in Russian)
- Zaporizhzhia seven ways to adventure
- One of the few external reports on the city in English is the BBC report «Ukraine: Why the Orange Revolution ran out of steam», Daniel Sandford, Moscow correspondent, BBC News 10 March 2011.
|
Zaporizhzhia Запоріжжя |
|
|---|---|
|
City |
|
|
From top to bottom and left to right:
|
|
|
Flag
Coat of arms |
|
|
Zaporizhzhia
Zaporizhzhia |
|
| Coordinates: 47°51′00″N 35°07′03″E / 47.85000°N 35.11750°ECoordinates: 47°51′00″N 35°07′03″E / 47.85000°N 35.11750°E | |
| Country | Ukraine |
| Oblast | Zaporizhzhia Oblast |
| Founded | 952 |
| City rights | 1806 |
| Raions |
7
|
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Anatolii Kurtiev (acting Mayor since 30 September 2021)[1] |
| Area | |
| • Total | 334 km2 (129 sq mi) |
| Population
(2022) |
|
| • Total | 710,052 |
| • Density | 1,365.2/km2 (3,536/sq mi) |
| • 2001[2] | 817,900 |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
| Postal code |
69xxx |
| Area code | +380 61(2) |
| Climate | Dfa |
Zaporizhzhia[3][note 1] (Ukrainian: Запоріжжя) or Zaporozhye (Russian: Запорожье), until 1921 known as Aleksandrovsk or Oleksandrivsk,[note 2] is a city in southeast Ukraine, situated on the banks of the Dnieper River. It is the administrative centre of Zaporizhzhia Oblast.[4] Zaporizhzhia has a population of 710,052 (2022 est.)[5]
Zaporizhzhia is known for the historic island of Khortytsia, multiple power stations and for being an important industrial centre. Steel, aluminium, aircraft engines, automobiles, transformers for substations, and other heavy industrial goods are produced in the region.
Names and etymology
The name Zaporizhzhia refers to the position of the city: «beyond the rapids»—downstream or south of the Dnieper Rapids. These were previously an impediment to navigation and the site of important portages. In 1932, the rapids were flooded to become part of the reservoir of the Dnieper Hydroelectric Station.[6]
Before 1921, the city was called Aleksandrovsk (or Oleksandrivsk), named after the original fortress that formed a part of the Dnieper Defence Line [ru] of the Russian Empire.
History
Zaporizhzhia was founded in 1770, when the Aleksandrovskaya (Александровская) Fortress was built as a part of the Dnieper Defence Line, to protect the southern territories of the Russian Empire from Crimean Tatar invasions.[7] Following the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca in 1775, the southern lands of the Russian Plain and the Crimean peninsula were absorbed into the Russian Empire. The Aleksandrovskaya Fortress then lost its military significance, and became a small rural town, which from 1806 to around 1930 was called Alexandrovsk.[6]
The opening of the Kichkas Bridge at the start of 20th century, the first rail crossing of the Dnieper, was followed the industrial growth of Zaporizhzhia .[8] In 1916, during World War I, the DEKA Stock Association transferred its aircraft engine manufacturing plant from Saint Petersburg to Zaporizhzhia.[9]
During the Russian Civil War (1918–1921), Zaporizhzhia was the scene of fierce fighting between the Red Army and the White armies of Denikin and Wrangel, Petliura’s Ukrainian People’s Army of the Ukrainian People’s Republic, and German-Austrian troops. The opposing armies used the strategically important Kichkas Bridge to transfer troops, ammunition, and medical supplies. The Soviet government industrialized Zaporizhzhia still further during the 1920s and 1930s, when the Dnieper Hydroelectric Station, and the Zaporizhzhia Steel Plant, and the Dnieper Aluminium Plant were built.[10][11][12][13] In the 1930s, the American United Engineering and Foundry Company built a strip mill similar to the Ford River Rouge steel mill to produce rolling steel strip. The annual capacity of the mill reached 540,000 tonnes (600,000 short tons) of 170 cm (66 inches) wide steel.[14]
World War II (1941–1945)
After the outbreak of the War between the USSR and Nazi Germany in June 1941, the Soviet government began evacuating Zaporizhzhia’s industries to Siberia.[15] and the Soviet security forces began shooting political prisoners in the city.[16] On 18 August 1941, elements of the German 1st Panzergruppe reached the outskirts of Zaporizhzhia on the right bank and seized the island of Khortytsia.[17]
The Red Army blew a 120 by 10 metres (394 ft × 33 ft) hole in the Dnieper hydroelectric dam on 18 August 1941, producing a flood wave that swept from Zaporizhzhia to Nikopol.[15] The flood killed local residents as well as soldiers from both armies, with historians estimating the death toll to be between 20,000 and 100,000.[18] Despite reinforcements, Zaporizhzhia was taken on 3 October 1941.[19] The German occupation lasted two years; during which the Germans shot over 35,000 people and sent 58,000 people to Germany as forced labourers.[15]
The Germans reformed Army Group South in February 1943, and put its headquarters in Zaporizhzhia.[20] Adolf Hitler visited the headquarters in February1943, and again the following month, where he was briefed by Field Marshal Eric von Manstein and his air force counterpart Field Marshal Wolfram Freiherr von Richthofen, and in September 1943,[21] the month the Army Group moved its headquarters to Kirovograd).[22]
In August 1943, the Germans built the Panther-Wotan defence line along the Dnieper from Kyiv to Crimea. They retreated back to this line in September 1943, holding the city as a bridgehead over the Dnieper with elements of 40th Panzer and 17th Corps.[23] The Soviet Southwestern Front, commanded by Army General Rodion Malinovsky, attacked Zaporizhzhia on 10 October 1943.[23] The defenders repelled these attacks, but the Red Army launched a surprise night attack on 13 October, which succeeded in reclaiming most parts of the city.[24]
1991–present
Modern Zaporizhzhia (2015)
In 2004, to alleviate congestion around the Zaporizhzhia Arch Bridge area, construction began on the New Zaporizhzhia Dniper Bridge, although construction was halted soon after it began, due to a lack of funding.[25]
During the 2014 Euromaidan regional state administration occupations, during protests against President Viktor Yanukovych,[26] Zaporizhzhia’s regional state administration building was occupied by 4,500 protesters,[27] and there were clashes between Ukrainian and pro-Russian activists in April 2014.[28]
On 19 May 2016, the Verkhovna Rada approved the «Decommunisation Law».[29] Since the introduction of the law, the city council renamed over 50 streets and administrative areas of the city,[note 3] monuments of the Soviet Union leaders]] Lenin and Felix Dzerzhinsky have been destroyed,[30][31] and names honouring Soviet leaders in the titles of industrial plants, factories, culture centres, and the DniproHES have been removed.[32]
Russian invasion (2022)
Russian forces have been engaged in ongoing attacks on Zaporizhzhia since the beginning of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. On 27 February, fighting was reported in the southern outskirts,[33] and Russian forces began shelling the city later that evening.[34] On 3 March, Russian forces approached the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant, raising concerns about a potential nuclear meltdown.[35][36] Russian military forces fired missiles on Zaporizhzhia on the evening of 12/13 May.[37]
On 30 September, hours before Russia formally annexed Southern and Eastern Ukraine, the Russian Armed Forces launched S-300 missiles at a civilian convoy in Zaporizhzhia, killing at least 30 people.[38] On 9 October, Russian forces launched rockets at residential buildings, killing at least 17 people.[39]
Geography
Zaporizhzhia is located in south-eastern Ukraine. The Dnieper splits the city in two; between them is Khortytsia Island. The city covers 334 km2 (129 sq mi) at an elevation of 50 m (160 ft) above sea level.[40] The New and Old Dnieper flow past around Khortytsia: The New Dnieper [uk] is about 800 m (2,600 feet) wide while the Old Dnieper [uk] is about 200 m (660 feet) wide. The island has 12 km × 2 km (7.5 mi × 1.2 mi) sizes. Smaller rivers in the city also enter the Dnieper: Sukha [uk] and Mokra Moskovka [uk], Kushuhum [uk], and Verkhnia Khortytsia [uk].
The flora of Khortytsia is unique and diverse, due to the dry steppe air and a large freshwater basin, which cleans the air polluted by industry. The island is a national park. The ground surface is cut by large ravines («balka«), hiking routes and historical monuments. The island, which is a popular recreational area, hassanatoriums, resorts, health centres, and sandy beaches.[41]
Climate
| Climate data for Zaporizhzhia (1991–2020, extremes 1959–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 12.2 (54.0) |
17.1 (62.8) |
24.0 (75.2) |
31.4 (88.5) |
35.9 (96.6) |
36.5 (97.7) |
39.5 (103.1) |
40.2 (104.4) |
35.9 (96.6) |
35.0 (95.0) |
20.9 (69.6) |
16.0 (60.8) |
40.2 (104.4) |
| Average high °C (°F) | −0.3 (31.5) |
1.2 (34.2) |
7.5 (45.5) |
16.1 (61.0) |
22.6 (72.7) |
26.6 (79.9) |
29.3 (84.7) |
29.0 (84.2) |
22.7 (72.9) |
14.7 (58.5) |
6.5 (43.7) |
1.3 (34.3) |
14.8 (58.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −3.1 (26.4) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
3.0 (37.4) |
10.5 (50.9) |
16.7 (62.1) |
20.9 (69.6) |
23.2 (73.8) |
22.6 (72.7) |
16.7 (62.1) |
9.7 (49.5) |
3.1 (37.6) |
−1.3 (29.7) |
10.0 (50.0) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −5.8 (21.6) |
−5.3 (22.5) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
5.0 (41.0) |
10.9 (51.6) |
15.2 (59.4) |
17.1 (62.8) |
16.4 (61.5) |
11.3 (52.3) |
5.5 (41.9) |
0.2 (32.4) |
−3.8 (25.2) |
5.5 (41.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −29.3 (−20.7) |
−26.1 (−15.0) |
−25 (−13) |
−8.2 (17.2) |
−2 (28) |
3.9 (39.0) |
8.2 (46.8) |
3.9 (39.0) |
−3 (27) |
−8.9 (16.0) |
−18.6 (−1.5) |
−26.2 (−15.2) |
−29.3 (−20.7) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 39 (1.5) |
32 (1.3) |
37 (1.5) |
41 (1.6) |
51 (2.0) |
61 (2.4) |
45 (1.8) |
44 (1.7) |
38 (1.5) |
34 (1.3) |
40 (1.6) |
53 (2.1) |
515 (20.3) |
| Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) | 7 (2.8) |
8 (3.1) |
4 (1.6) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
1 (0.4) |
3 (1.2) |
8 (3.1) |
| Average rainy days | 10 | 8 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 10 | 8 | 10 | 11 | 13 | 11 | 130 |
| Average snowy days | 14 | 14 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 13 | 58 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 85.2 | 82.4 | 77.6 | 67.2 | 63.1 | 66.0 | 63.6 | 62.1 | 68.5 | 75.5 | 84.3 | 86.1 | 73.5 |
| Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net[42] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: World Meteorological Organization (humidity 1981–2010)[43] |
Governance
Zaporizhzhia is the main city of Zaporizhzhia Oblast with a form of self-rule within the oblast. The city is divided into 7 administrative raions.
|
The population of the districts of the city of Zaporizhia as of November 1 2015:[44]
|
|
Demographics
City population
The city population has been declining since the first years of the state independence. In 2014–2015 the rate of the population decrease was −0.56%/year.[45]
In January 2017, the population was 750,685.[46]
The total reduction of the population of the city since independence has been around 146,000 (not including 2017–2018).
|
|
|
Ethnic structure
According to the 2001 census,[69] 70.28% of the population of Zaporizhzhia (total population 815,300) were Ukrainians, 25.39% were Russians, 0.67% were Belorussians, 0.44% were Bulgarians, 0.42% were Jews, 0.38% were Georgians, 0.38% were Armenians, 0.27% were Tatar, 0.15% were Azeris, 0.11% were Roma (Gypsies), 0.1% were Poles, 0.09% were Germans, 0.09% were Moldovans, and 0.07% were Greeks.
Language
Ukrainian is used for official government business. The native language of people living in Zaporizhzhia, according to censuses in Ukraine (by percent):
| Language | 1897[70] | 1926[71] | 1989[72] | 2001[73] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ukrainian | 43.0 | 33.8 | 41.3 | 41.6 |
| Russian | 24.8 | 52.2 | 57.0 | 56.8 |
| Yiddish | 27.8 | 9.7 | 0.1 |
Religion
The following religious denominations are present in Zaporizhzhia:[74]
- Christianity
- Orthodoxy
Holy Protection Cathedral
Most of the citizens are Orthodox Christians of Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate) or Orthodox Church of Ukraine. Among the Orthodox churches the Church of the Intercession [uk], which is under the Moscow Patriarchate, is most popular. There are also St. Nicholas Church and St. Andrew’s Cathedral in the city.
- Protestantism
Protestantism is represented by:
- All-Ukrainian Union of Christians of Evangelical Faith;
- Seventh-day Adventist Church;
- Full Gospel Church.
- Catholicism
Catholicism is represented by:
- Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church;
- The Roman Catholic Church.[75]
The biggest Catholic church is Church of God, the Father of Mercy
- Judaism
Orthodox Judaism is represented by one union and six communities.
- Islam
In the Zaporizhzhia district there are five communities which are part of the Spiritual Administration of Muslims of Ukraine and four independent Muslim communities.
- Hinduism
The city hosts a branch of the Vedic Academy.
Economy
Industry
Zaporizhzhia is an important industrial centre of Ukraine, the country’s main car manufacturing company, the Motor-Sich world-famous aircraft engine manufacturer. Well supplied with electricity, Zaporizhzhia forms, together with the adjoining Donets Basin (Donbas) and the Nikopol manganese and Kryvyi Rih iron mines, one of Ukraine’s leading industrial complexes.
The city is a home of Ukraine’s main automobile production centre, which is based at the Zaporizhzhia Automobile Factory (ZAZ), producing Ukrainian car brands such as Zaporozhets and Tavria.
After the end of the Russian Revolution, the city became an important industrial centre. The presence of cheap labor and the proximity of deposits of coal, iron ore, and manganese created favorable conditions for large-scale enterprises of the iron and mechanical engineering industries. Today Zaporizhzhia is an important industrial centre of the region with heavy industry (particularly metallurgy), aluminium, and chemical industry. Cars, avia motors and radioelectronics are manufactured in the city. The port of Zaporizhzhia is important for transshipment for goods from the Donbas.
Zaporizhstal, Ukraine’s fourth largest steel maker, and ranking 54th in the world, is based in the city.
Electricity generation
Zaporizhzhia is a large electricity generating hub. There are hydroelectric power plant known as «DniproHES» Dnieper Hydroelectric Station and the largest nuclear power plant in Europe. Prior to the 2022 invasion, the plants generated about 25% of the Ukrainian electricity supply. Located near the Enerhodar and about 60 km (37 miles) from Zaporizhzhia is the Zaporizhzhia Thermal Power Station and the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant, the largest nuclear power plant in Europe.
Culture
Magara Academic Drama Theatre
Zaporizhzhia has an orchestra, museums, theatres, and libraries. These include the Magara Academic Drama Theatre, the Municipal Theatre Lab «VIE», the Theatre for Young-Age spectators, the Theatre of Horse Riding «Zaporizhzhian Cossacks», the Zaporizhzhia Regional Museum, the National Museum of the History of the Zaporizhzhian Cossacks, the Zaporizhzhia Regional Art Museum, the Motor Sich Aviation Museum, and the Zaporizhzhia Region Universal Scientific Library.
There are a number of small amateur groups of folk music bands, art galleries in Zaporizhzhia. The city regularly holds festivals, Cossack martial arts competitions, and art exhibitions.
Zaporizhzhia has an open-air exhibition-and-sale of Zaporizhzhia city association of artists «Kolorit» near the ‘Fountain of Life’ at the Mayakovskoho square [uk]. A daily exhibition of artists’ organizations of the city is a unique place in Zaporizhzhia, where people can meet craftsmen and artists, watch carving, embroidery, beading classes, and receive advice from professional artists and designers.
Main sights
The historical and cultural museum «Zaporizka Sich» is placed on the northern rocky part of Khotritsa Island. The museum is a reconstruction of the stronghold of the Zaporizhzhian Cossacks, and contains features of the military camp life and their lifestyle.
Each of the smaller islands are located between the dam and the island Khortytsia has its own legend. On one of them, Durnya Scala («Rock of the Fool»), Tzar Peter the Great flogged the Cossacks for their betrayal the Russians during the Great Northern War between Russia and Sweden. Another small island, Stolb («Pillar»), has a geological feature, which looks like a large bowl in granite slabs, the Cossack’s Bowl. It is said that in summer days, water can be boiled in this «bowl», and the Cossacks used it for cooking galushki (boiled dough in a spicy broth).[76]
Transport links
Zaporizhzhia is an important transportation hub in Ukraine that includes roads, as well as rail, river and air links for passenger and freight transport. Zaporizhzhia International Airport, located to the east of the city on the left-bank of the Dnieper, serves domestic and international flights. Shyroke Airfield is to the west of the city on the right-bank of the Dnieper.
Zaporizhzhia is bypassed beyond its eastern outskirts by a major national highway M18, which connects Kharkiv with Simferopol. The H08, which starts just outside Kyiv and travels southeast along the Dnieper through Kremenchuk, Kamianske, Dnipro, passes through Zaporizhzhia on to Mariupol. The H15 from Donetsk and the H23 [de] from Kropyvnytskyi via Kryvyi Rih, both end in Zaporizhzhia.
There are four road bridges and two rail bridges over the Dnieper, nearly all of which bridges cross Khortytsia Island. President Volodymyr Zelenskyy opened the first stage of the New Zaporizhzhia Dniper Bridge early in 2022, .
The city has two rail stations, Zaporizhzhia-the-First and Zaporizhzhia-the-Second. The First is the central station, located in the southern part of the city and is a part of Simferopol-Kharkiv, the «north-south» transit route. The line of the Zaporizhzhia-the-Second station connects the Donbas coalfield with Kryvyi Rih.
The city’s two river ports are part of the national water transportation infrastructure that connects Kyiv to Kherson along the Dnieper. Freight ships and cutter boats travel between Zaporizhzhia and nearby villages. The island of Khortytsia splits the Dnieper into two; the main channel passes the island on its eastern side, with the Staryi Dnipro (Old Dnieper) flowing past the island on the western side.
Notable people
- Alyosha (born 1986), Ukrainian singer, stage name of Olena Oleksandrivna Kucher
- Vasiliy Bebko, (1932-2022), Russian diplomat
- Tamara Bulat (1933-2004), Ukrainian-American musicologist
- Victoria Bulitko (born 1983), a Ukrainian film, TV and theatre actress.
- Evgeniy Chernyak (born 1969), Ukrainian businessman
- Evgeniy Chuikov (1924-2000) Ukrainian landscape painter working in the Russian realist and French Impressionist traditions.
- Volodymyr Dakhno (1932-2006) Ukrainian animator and animation film director.
- Valentyna Danishevska (born 1957), Ukrainian lawyer and judge
- Gerhard Ens (1863–1952), farmer, immigration agent and politician in Saskatchewan
- Igor Fesunenko (1933-2016), Russian journalist and foreign affairs writer
- Sergey Glazyev (born 1961), Russian politician and economist
- Alina Gorlova (born 1992), a Ukrainian filmmaker, director, and screenwriter
- Konstantin Grigorishin (born 1965), a Russian-Ukrainian businessman and billionaire.
- Volodymyr Horbulin (born 1939), Ukrainian politician
- Valeriy Ivaschenko (born 1956), Ukrainian former Deputy Minister of Defence
- Boris Ivchenko, (1941-1990) Ukrainian actor and film director
- Igor P. Kaidashev (born 1969), Ukrainian immunologist and allergist
- Valeriy Kostyuk (born 1940), Russian scientist
- Maxim Ksenzov (born 1973), Russian statesman
- Valery Kulikov (born 1956), Ukrainian-born Russian politician
- Gosha Kutsenko (born 1967), Russian actor, producer, singer, poet and screenwriter
- Valentyn Nalyvaichenko (born 1966), Ukrainian diplomat and politician.
- Eva Neymann (born 1974), Ukrainian film director
- Maria Nikiforova (1885–1919), revolutionary insurgent and Anarchist partisan leader.
- Anna October (born 1991), Ukrainian fashion designer
- Aleksandr Panayotov (born 1984), Russian-Ukrainian singer and songwriter
- Mykhailo Papiyev (born 1960), Ukrainian engineer and politician
- Oleksandr Peklushenko, (1954-2015) Ukrainian politician
- Max Polyakov (born 1977), an international technology entrepreneur, economist and philanthropist
- Georgy Shchokin (born 1954), businessman, sociologist, psychologist and politician
- Boris Shtein, (1892–1961) Soviet diplomat
- Oleksandr Sin (born 1961), Ukrainian politician former mayor of Zaporizhzhia
- Serhiy Sobolyev (born 1961), Ukrainian politician
- Yanina Sokolova (born 1984) a journalist, TV presenter and actress.
- Naum Sorkin, (1899–1980) a Soviet military officer and diplomat.
- Oleksandr Starukh (born 1973), Ukrainian historian and politician
- Liudmyla Suprun (born 1965), a Ukrainian politician
- Yevhen Synelnykov (born 1981), a Ukrainian TV presenter, director and actor
- Estas Tonne (born 1975), a musician, plays guitar and flute
- Vladyslav Yama (born 1982), a Ukrainian dancer and educator
Sport
- Polina Astakhova (1936–2005) an artistic gymnast; won ten medals at the 1956, 1960 and 1964 Summer Olympics.
- Anastasia Bliznyuk (born 1994), a Russian group rhythmic gymnast.
- Maksym Dolhov (born 1996), Ukrainian diver
- Tanja Logwin (born 1974), Ukrainian-born Austrian handball player
- Alina Maksymenko (born 1991), Ukrainian rhythmic gymnast
- Oleksii Pashkov (born 1981), silver medallist in the discus at the 2012 Summer Paralympics
- Volodymyr Polikarpenko (born 1972), Ukrainian former trialthon athlete
- Yakiv Punkin (1921–1994) wrestler, gold medallist at the 1952 Summer Olympics.
- Oksana Skaldina (born 1972) gymnast; bronze medallist at the 1992 Summer Olympics
- Ganna Sorokina (born 1976) diver; team bronze medallist at the 2000 Summer Olympics
- Olga Strazheva (born 1972) gymnast; team gold medallist at the 1988 Summer Olympics
- Vita Styopina (born 1976) high jumper; bronze medallist at the 2004 Summer Olympics
- Denys Sylantyev (born 1976) politician and swimmer; four time Olympian, silver medallist at the 2000 Summer Olympics and national flag bearer at the 2004 Summer Olympics.
- Razmik Tonoyan (born 1988), Ukrainian sambist, (a Soviet-origin Russian martial art)
- Roman Volod’kov (born 1973), Ukrainian former diver
- Sergiusz Wołczaniecki (born 1964) a Polish weightlifter; bronze medallist at the 1992 Summer Olympics
- Olena Zhupina (born 1973), Ukrainian diver
In popular culture
Zaporizhzhia is a setting in two Axis victory in World War II short novels by the American author Harry Turtledove, Ready for the Fatherland (1991) and The Phantom Tolbukhin (1998).
Twin towns – sister cities
Zaporizhzhia is twinned with:[77]
In 1969, the city renamed one of its streets after the city of Wrocław. The Wrocław authorities reciprocated, and a part of the Sudecka – Grabiszyńska Street towards the Square of the Silesian Insurgents was renamed Zaporoska Street.[78]
See also
- Zaporizhzhia Ferroalloy Plant
- Zaporizhzhia Foundry and Mechanical Plant
Notes
- ^ Also spelled as Zaporizhzhya or Zaporizhia
- ^ Russian: Александровск; Ukrainian: Олександрівськ
- ^ Since modern Zaporizhiazhia was greatly enlarged in the Soviet Union, many typography in the city had to be renamed. In the year of the fall of the Russian Empire (1917), the population of Alexandrovsk was about 60,000 people. In the year of Ukraine’s declaration of independence (1991), the city’s population reached almost 1 million people.
References
- ^ (in Ukrainian) The mayor of Zaporozhye was fired, Ukrayinska Pravda (30 September 2021)
- ^ a b The size and composition of the population of Zaporizhzhia region up to the Ukrainian population census 2001 (Численность и состав населения Запорожской области по итогам Всеукраинской переписи населения 2001 года). (in Russian)
- ^ «Про затвердження транслітерації написання географічної назви міста Запоріжжя латиницею. Рішення виконавчого комітету №476». Zaporizhzhia city council. Executive committee. 28 August 2017.
- ^ (in Ukrainian) [1]
- ^ Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 [Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine.
- ^ a b Pospelov, pp. 25–26
- ^ Я. П. Новицкий. История города Александровска, (Екатеринославской губ.) в связи с историей возникновения крепостей Днепровской линии 1770–1806 г. – Екатеринослав: Типография Губернского Земства, 1905. – 176 с. (in Russian)
- ^ The bridges of Zaporizhzhia (Мосты Запорожья), by L. Adelberg (Адельберг Л), pub RA Tandem st, Zaporizhzhia, 2005. (in Russian)
- ^ a b c d e f g Official Portal Zaporizhzhia city authorities, History (Офіційний портал, Запорізької міської влади, Історія міста) Archived 21 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine, accessed 11 April 2011. (in Ukrainian)
- ^ «Sovetskai︠a︡ arkhitektura». Искусство. 27 October 1969 – via Google Books.
- ^ New world review, p40
- ^ Меерович М. Г. Соцгород – базовое понятие советской градостроительной теории первых пятилеток Archived 28 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ «История Запорожья». photoalbum.zp.ua.
- ^ The Soviet economy and the Red Army, 1930–1945, by Walter Scott Dunn, Greenwood Publishing Group, 1995 ISBN 0-275-94893-5, page 13.
- ^ a b c The Great Patriotic War on the territory of Zaporizhzhia (Великая Отечественная война на территории Запорожья) (in Russian)
- ^ Germany and the Second World War, Volume IV The Attack on the Soviet Union, by Horst Boog, Jürgen Förster, Joachim Hoffmann, Ernst Klink, Rolf-Dieter Müller, Gerd R. Ueberschär, pub Clarendon Press, 1998, ISBN 0-19-822886-4, p 909.
- ^ «The Eastern Front, Timeline 1941». Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 18 April 2011.
- ^ Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty, Ukrainian Activists Draw Attention To Little-Known WWII Tragedy , by Dmytro Moroz and Claire Bigg, 23 August 2013.
- ^ Germany and the Second World War, Volume IV The Attack on the Soviet Union, p 607 says that Zaporizhzhia was captured on 1 October 1941.
- ^ Lost Victories, by Field Marshal Eric von Manstein, translated by Anthony G Powell, pdf version p267-270.
- ^ Lost Victories, by Field Marshal Eric von Manstein, pdf version p290-2.
- ^ Lost Victories, by Field Marshal Eric von Manstein, says that the Germans finished repairing the railway bridge only a few months before they lost the city in October 1943.
- ^ a b «The Eastern Front, Timeline 1943». Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 18 April 2011.
- ^ Moscow-Stalingrad-Berlin-Prague, Memories of Army Commander («Москва-Сталінград-Берлін-Прага». Записки командарма), by Dmitri Danilovich Lelyushenko (Лелюшенко Дмитро Данилович), pub Nauka, Moscow, 1987, chapter 4.
- ^ Почему мосты строят по 14 лет – и что говорит Укравтодор
- ^ Buckley, Neil (26 January 2014). «Ukraine protests spread to Yanukovich heartland». Financial Times.
- ^ «В Запорожье участники Майдана опечатали кабинеты руководства Запорожской ОГА : Новости УНИАН». Ukrainian Independent Information Agency. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
- ^ Ukraine Tensions Escalate as Russia, U.S. Exchange Barbs Archived 15 September 2014 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Poroshenko signed the laws about decommunization. Ukrayinska Pravda. 15 May 2015
Poroshenko signs laws on denouncing Communist, Nazi regimes, Interfax-Ukraine. 15 May 20
Goodbye, Lenin: Ukraine moves to ban communist symbols, BBC News (14 April 2015) - ^ Vitaly Shevchenko (1 June 2016), In pictures: Ukraine removes communist-era symbols, BBC News
- ^ Полный перечень переименованных в Запорожье улиц
- ^ (in Ukrainian) In Zaporizhzhia began to «dekomunize» DniproGES, Radio Free Europe (4 April 2016)
- ^ «Техніка росіян зайшла до Бердянська, в Запоріжжі зброю дають усім готовим захищати обласний центр». Радіо Свобода (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 27 February 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
- ^ «Жителів Запоріжжя просять не покидати укриття: Обстрілюють аеродром – новини Запоріжжя». www.depo.ua (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 27 February 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
- ^ «Video analysis reveals Russian attack on Ukrainian nuclear plant veered near disaster». NPR. 11 March 2022. Retrieved 1 April 2022.
- ^ «Update 1-Ukraine nuclear power plant Zaporizhzhia on fire, town mayor says». Reuters. 4 March 2022. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
- ^ «Invaders fire missiles on Zaporizhzhia, Sumy region at night».
- ^ «Ukraine war: Survivors speak of horror as Zaporizhzhia convoy hit». BBC News. 30 September 2022. Retrieved 30 September 2022.
- ^ «At least 17 are killed in Zaporizhzhia». The New York Times. 9 October 2022. Archived from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 9 October 2022.
- ^ «Паспорт города Запорожье». photoalbum.zp.ua.
- ^ «The interactive map of island of Khortitsa (Russian)». Archived from the original on 2 July 2011. Retrieved 2 July 2011.
- ^
ПОГОДА в Запорожье (in Russian). Погода и климат. Archived from the original on 13 December 2019. Retrieved 8 November 2021.. Snow days have been taken to mean days on which it snowed, not days with snow cover on the ground. - ^ «World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981–2010». World Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 17 July 2021. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
- ^ Головне управління статистики в Запорізькій області — Чисельність населення м. Запоріжжя Archived 13 February 2019 at the Wayback Machine
на 1 листопада 2015 року] - ^ «Zaporizhzhia · Population». population.city.
- ^ «Держстат України» (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2018.
- ^ a b c d e Natalia Ostasheva Venger (2003). «The Mennonite Industrial Dynasties in Alexandrovsk». Journal of Mennonite Studies. Vol. V21. Dnepropetrovsk National University. pp. 89–110.
- ^ Collection of scientific works of graduate students (Збiрник наукових праць аспірантів), by T H Shevchenka, pub Vyd-vo Kyïvsʹkoho University, 1963, p87 gives the 1861 population as 3,729. (in Ukrainian)
- ^ Ripley, George; Dana, Charles A. (Charles Anderson) (27 October 1879). «The American cyclopaedia: a popular dictionary of general knowledge. Edited by George Ripley and Charles A. Dana». New York D. Appleton – via Internet Archive.
- ^ Brockhaus and Efron’s Encyclopedia (Энциклопедический Словарь Ф.А.Брокгауза и И.А.Ефрона), edited by Professor IE Andreevskago, and K. Arseniev, pub FA Brockhaus (Leipzig) and IA Efron (St Petersburg), 1890–1907, entry for Aleksandrovsk in Yekaterinoslavskaya province (Александровск, уездный город Екатеринославской губернии). (in Russian)
- ^ Universal Calendar for 1898 (Всеобщий календарь на 1898 год), pub Hermann Hoppe (St Petersburg), 1898, p217 List of the populated areas of the Russian Empire, Abakan – Alekseevskoe (Роспись населённых местностей Российской империи, Абаканское – Алексеевское). (in Russian)
- ^ Large Encyclopedia (Большая Знциклопедія) Volume I, pub Prosveshechenie (St Petersburg), 1903, p323. pdf version (in Russian)
- ^ Russian Calendar for 1906 (Русский календарь на 1906 г.), pub A. Suvorina (St Petersburg), 1906, p108 List of the populated areas of the Russian Empire, Abbas-Tuman – Belev (Список городов и других населённых пунктов Российской империи, Аббас-Туман – Белев). (in Russian)
- ^ a b Ukrainian SSR (Украинская ССР), pub Economic Institute of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, 1958, p87.
- ^ Sergina V. «City Z:1921-199», film «Year 1926» Сергина В. Город Z: 1921–1991 (Невыдуманные истории): Исторически–познавательный ТВ проект для любой зрительской аудитории. – К., 2005. – 1 компакт – диск. Фильм «Год 1926»
- ^ Economic geography of the USSR by S S Balźak, V F Vasyutin, Ya G Feigin, pub Macmillan, 1956.
- ^ a b Half a century classified as ‘Secret’: All-Union census in 1937 (Полвека под грифом ‘секретно’: Всесоюзная перепись населения 1937 года) Archived 25 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine, by Valentina B Zhiromskaya, I Kiselev, Yu A Polyakov, pub Nauka, 1996. This gives the 1926 population as 55,295.(DJV-ZIP – requires DjVu viewer software) (in Russian)
- ^ a b The emergency evacuation of cities: a cross-national historical and geographical study, by Wilbur Zelinsky, Leszek A. Kosiński, pub Rowman & Littlefield, 1991, ISBN 0-8476-7673-0.
- ^ a b c The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (Большая Советская Энциклопедия), entry for Zaporizhzhia – Zaporizhzhia oblast centre (Запорожье – центр Запорізької обл.), 3rd edition, pub 1969 to 1978. (in Russian)
- ^ Sergina V. «City Z:1921-199», film «Year 1942» (Сергина В. Город Z: 1921–1991 (Невыдуманные истории): Исторически–познавательный ТВ проект для любой зрительской аудитории. – К., 2005.- 1 компакт – диск. Фильм «Год 1942») said the population for 1942 was 103,400.
- ^ The Ukrainian quarterly, Volumes 26–27, pub Ukrainian Congress Committee of America, 1970, p223.
- ^ The population of the USSR: According to the Proc. Census 1979 (Население СССР: По данным Всесоюзной переписи населения 1979 г.), pub Politizdat (Moscow), 1980 – table: USSR, the Soviet population in 1979, cities with a population of 100 thousand and more people (СССР, население СССР на 1979 год, Население союзных и автономных республик). (in Russian)
- ^ www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie L’Encyclopédie en ligne entry for Zaporojie. (in French)
- ^ Rand McNally atlas of world geography, pub Rand McNally Company, 1996, p38.
- ^ Population on 1 August 2010 (Чисельність населення на 1 серпня 2010 року), press release No 1377 issued by the State Department of Statistics in the Zaporizhzhia oblast (Держкомстат. Головне управління статистики у Запорізькій області), 16 September 2010[dead link]. (in Ukrainian)
- ^ Population on 1 March 2011 (Чисельність населення на 1 березня 2011 року), press release No 1163 issued by the State Department of Statistics in the Zaporizhzhia oblast (Держкомстат. Головне управління статистики у Запорізькій області), 18 April 2011. (in Ukrainian)
- ^ [2][permanent dead link]
- ^ «ЧИСЕЛЬНІСТЬ НАЯВНОГО НАСЕЛЕННЯ УКРАЇНИ» (PDF) (in Ukrainian). 1 January 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2018.
- ^ Лозовой Н. (17 January 2011). «Этнические войны: украинская версия». Истеблишмент. Archived from the original on 15 August 2011.
- ^ «Demoskop Weekly: Prilozhenie. Spravochnik statisticheskikh pokazateleĭ» Демоскоп Weekly — Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей. [Demoscope Weekly: appendix. Digest of statistical indicators.]. www.demoscope.ru. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
- ^ Vsesoi͡uznai͡a perepisʹ naselenii͡a 1926 goda Всесоюзная перепись населения 1926 года [All-union census of population 1926]. Moscow: Издание ЦСУ Союза ССР. 1928–29.
- ^ Romant͡sov, V. O. «Населення України і його рідна мова за часів радянської влади та незалежності» Naselenni͡a Ukraïny i ĭoho ridna mova za chasiv radi͡ansʹkoï vlady ta nezalez͡hnosti [The population of Ukraine and its native language in the periods of the Soviet régime and independence]. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
- ^ «Vseukraïnsʹkyĭ perepys naselenni͡a 2001 roku: Rozpodil naselenni͡a za ridnoi͡u movoi͡u, Zaporizʹka oblastʹ» Всеукраїнський перепис населення 2001 року. Розподіл населення за рідною мовою, Запорізька область [All-Ukrainian census of population 2001: Distribution of population by native language, Zaporizka oblast.]. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2021.
- ^ «Религиозная карта области». Остров Свободы (in Russian). Archived from the original on 17 June 2008. Retrieved 17 April 2011.
- ^ Helena Krasowska,The Polish Minority in South-Eastern Ukraine, pub Institute of Slavic Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, 2017, ISBN 978-83-64031-65-6, p. 50-52.
- ^ Galina and Maxim Ostapenko, History of our Khortytsia (Галина и Максим Остапенко История нашей Хортицы) Archived 31 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ «Города-побратимы». zp.gov.ua (in Russian). Zaporizhia. Retrieved 10 December 2022.
- ^ «Wrocław, ul. Zaporoska – Dolny.Slask.org.pl». Archived from the original on 29 September 2011. Retrieved 29 July 2011.
Sources
- Е. М. Поспелов (Ye. M. Pospelov). «Имена городов: вчера и сегодня (1917–1992). Топонимический словарь.» (City Names: Yesterday and Today (1917–1992). Toponymic Dictionary.» Москва, «Русские словари», 1993.
External links
Look up Zaporizhia in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
- Official portal of Zaporizhzhia City (in Ukrainian)
- One of the portals of Zaporizhzhia City (in Russian)
- Another one of the portals of Zaporizhzhia City (in Russian)
- Zaporizhzhia seven ways to adventure
- One of the few external reports on the city in English is the BBC report «Ukraine: Why the Orange Revolution ran out of steam», Daniel Sandford, Moscow correspondent, BBC News 10 March 2011.
запорожье
-
1
Запорожье
2) Geography: Zaporizhzhia , Zaporizhzhya , Zaporozhe
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Запорожье
-
2
Запорожье (г.)
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Запорожье (г.)
-
3
Запорожье
Русско-английский географический словарь > Запорожье
-
4
Запорожье
Новый русско-английский словарь > Запорожье
-
5
Запорожье
Русско-английский синонимический словарь > Запорожье
-
6
(г.) Запорожье
Geography:Zaporizhzhya , Zaporozhe
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > (г.) Запорожье
См. также в других словарях:
-
Запорожье — город, ц. Запорожской обл., Украина. Основан в 1770 г. как Александровская крепость. Название по имени командующего Первой русск. армией генерала Александра Голицына. С 1806 г. город Александровен. В 1921 г. переименован в Запорожье лежащий за… … Географическая энциклопедия
-
запорожье — Александровск Словарь русских синонимов. запорожье сущ., кол во синонимов: 2 • александровск (2) • … Словарь синонимов
-
Запорожье — (до 1921 г. Александровск), город (с 1806 г.) на Украине, центр Запорожской области. Население 777, 8 тысяч человек (2009 г.). Расположен на реке… … Города мира
-
ЗАПОРОЖЬЕ — (до 1921 Александровск), город (с 1806), областной центр на Украине. 897 тыс. жителей. Порт на реке Днепр; железнодорожный узел. Черная и цветная металлургия, машиностроение (автомобили Запорожец и Таврия , моторы, электротехническая аппаратура и … Современная энциклопедия
-
ЗАПОРОЖЬЕ — (до 1921 Александровск) город (с 1806) на Украине, центр Запорожской обл., порт на р. Днепр. Железнодорожный узел. 896,6 тыс. жителей (1991). Черная (комбинат Запорожсталь , завод Днепроспецсталь и др.) и цветная (титано магниевый комбинат,… … Большой Энциклопедический словарь
-
ЗАПОРОЖЬЕ — историческая область на Украине, на Днепре, ниже Днепровских порогов, на территории которой в 16 18 вв. находилась Запорожская Сечь; территория современной Днепропетровской, значительная часть Запорожской и Кировоградской, часть Херсонской и… … Большой Энциклопедический словарь
-
Запорожье — I историческая область в Украине, на Днепре, ниже Днепровских порогов, на территории которой в XVI XVIII вв. находилась Запорожская Сечь; территория современной Днепропетровской, значительная часть Запорожской и Кировоградской, часть Херсонской и … Энциклопедический словарь
-
Запорожье — У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. Запорожье (значения). Город Запорожье укр. Запоріжжя Флаг Герб … Википедия
-
Запорожье — I Запорожье (до 1921 Александровск) город, центр Запорожской области УССР, на Днепре. Речной порт (пристань Запорожье и порт им. В. И. Ленина). Один из крупнейших индустриальных и энергетических центров УССР. Узел железных дорог.… … Большая советская энциклопедия
-
Запорожье — ЗАПОРÓЖЬЕ, город, областной центр в УССравни на обоих берегах р. Днепр и на о. Хортица. Ж. д. узел. Нас. в 1939 – 289 тыс. чел. (в 1983 – 835 тыс. чел.). Один из крупнейших центров чёрной и цветной металлургии и энергетики на Украине. В … Великая Отечественная война 1941-1945: энциклопедия
-
ЗАПОРОЖЬЕ — (до 1921 Александровск) город, ц. Запорожской обл. УССР (с 1939), крупный речной порт на Днепре. Один из крупнейших индустр. и энергетич. центров УССР. В 1959 435 т. ж. (в 1885 6,7 т. ж., в 1897 19 т. ж., в 1923 44 т. ж., в 1939 282 т. ж.). Город … Советская историческая энциклопедия
В данной статье опубликован список городов Украины с переводом или транслитерацией, одобренной посольством США для анкеты DS-160 на неиммиграционную визу в США, формы DS-260 и других. Список правильного перевода городов для других стран по ссылкам здесь: Россия, Казахстан, Беларусь.
Для удобства поиска нужного города или области Украины, таблица рассортирована в алфавитном порядке. Либо можете воспользоваться браузерным поиском: нажмите одновременно на клавиатуре 2 клавиши «Ctrl и F», откроется окно с поиском, где указываете нужный город Украины для которого требуется найти перевод на английский язык для анкеты на визу в США или для американского посольства.
Города Украины на английском языке для анкеты на визу в США
Ниже список городов Украины по английски, как требуется указать в анкетах и формах на визу США, Грин Карту и прочих, например как правильно перевести и написать украинский город для анкеты DS-160.
На заметку
Для посольства США в России указываете перевод украинских городов слева — с русскоязычного названия города Украины. Если же собираетесь подавать документы на визу для посольства США в Украине, то используете для перевода украинских городов на английский язык, колонку справа — перевод городов Украины с украинского языка.
Если собеседование планируется не в местном консульском отделе, а заграничном.. к примеру, не в посольстве США в Киеве, а в посольстве США в Польше или ином консульском отделе США за пределами Украины, то в названии региона указываете «Region» вместо «Oblast».
Примеры,
Kyiv Oblast — Kyiv Region
Lviv Oblast — Lviv Region
А
Авдеевка, Донецкая область -> Avdeevka, Donetsk Oblast | Авдіївка, Донецька область -> Avdiivka, Donetsk Oblast
Александрия, Кировоградская область -> Aleksandriia, Kirovohrad Oblast | Олександрія, Кіровоградська область -> Oleksandriia, Kirovohrad Oblast
Александровск, Луганская область -> Aleksandrovsk, Luhansk Oblast | Олександрівськ, Луганська область -> Oleksandrivsk, Luhansk Oblast
Алёшки, Херсонская область -> Aleshki, Kherson Oblast | Олешки, Херсонська область -> Oleshky, Kherson Oblast
Алмазная, Луганская область -> Almaznaya, Luhansk Oblast | Алмазна, Луганська область -> Almazna, Luhansk Oblast
Алупка, Автономная Республика Крым -> Alupka, Autonomous Republic of Crimea | Алупка, Автономна Республіка Крим
Алушта, Автономная Республика Крым -> Alushta, Autonomous Republic of Crimea | Алушта, Автономна Республіка Крим
Алчевск, Луганская область -> Alchevsk, Luhansk Oblast | Алчевськ, Луганська область
Амвросиевка, Донецкая область -> Amvrosiivka, Donetsk Oblast | Амвросіївка, Донецька область
Ананьев, Одесская область -> Ananyiv, Odessa Oblast | Ананьїв, Одеська область
Андрушёвка, Житомирская область -> Andrushivka, Zhytomyr Oblast | Андрушівка, Житомирська область
Антрацит, Луганская область -> Antratsit, Luhansk Oblast | Антрацит, Луганська область -> Antratsyt, Luhansk Oblast
Апостолово, Днепропетровская область -> Apostolove, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast | Апостолове, Дніпропетровська область
Армянск, Автономная Республика Крым -> Armyansk, Autonomous Republic of Crimea | Армянськ, Автономна Республіка Крим
Артёмовск (Кипучее), Луганская область -> Artemivsk, Luhansk Oblast | Артемівськ/Кипуче, Луганська область
Арциз, Одесская область -> Artsyz, Odessa Oblast | Арциз, Одеська область
Ахтырка, Сумская область -> Akhtyrka, Sumy Oblast | Охтирка, Сумська область -> Okhtyrka, Sumy Oblast
Б
Балаклея, Харьковская область -> Balakleya, Kharkiv Oblast | Балаклія, Харківська область -> Balakliia, Kharkiv Oblast
Балта, Одесская область -> Balta, Odessa Oblast | Балта, Одеська область
Бар, Винницкая область -> Bar, Vinnytsia Oblast | Бар, Вінницька область
Барановка, Житомирская область -> Baranivka, Zhytomyr Oblast | Баранівка, Житомирська область
Барвенково, Харьковская область -> Barvenkovo, Kharkiv Oblast | Барвінкове, Харківська область -> Barvinkove, Kharkiv Oblast
Батурин, Черниговская область -> Baturyn, Chernihiv Oblast | Батурин, Чернігівська область
Бахмач, Черниговская область -> Bakhmach, Chernihiv Oblast | Бахмач, Чернігівська область
Бахмут, Донецкая область -> Bakhmut, Donetsk Oblast | Бахмут, Донецька область
Бахчисарай, Автономная Республика Крым -> Bakhchysarai, Autonomous Republic of Crimea | Бахчисарай, Автономна Республіка Крим
Баштанка, Николаевская область -> Bashtanka, Mykolaiv Oblast | Баштанка, Миколаївська область
Белая Церковь, Киевская область -> Belaya Tserkov, Kiev Oblast | Біла Церква, Київська область -> Bila Tserkva, Kyiv Oblast
Белгород-Днестровский, Одесская область -> Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi, Odessa Oblast | Білгород-Дністровський, Одеська область
Белз, Львовская область -> Belz, Lviv Oblast | Белз, Львівська область
Белицкое, Донецкая область -> Bilytske, Donetsk Oblast | Бі́лицьке, Донецька область
Белогорск, Автономная Республика Крым -> Belogorsk, Autonomous Republic of Crimea | Білогірськ, Автономна Республіка Крим -> Bilohirsk, Autonomous Republic of Crimea
Белозёрское, Донецкая область -> Bilozerske, Donetsk Oblast | Білозе́рське, Донецька область
Белополье, Сумская область -> Bilopillia, Sumy Oblast | Білопілля, Сумська область
Беляевка, Одесская область -> Bilyayivka, Odessa Oblast | Біляївка, Одеська область
Бердичев, Житомирская область -> Berdichev, Zhytomyr Oblast | Бердичів, Житомирська область -> Berdychiv, Zhytomyr Oblast
Бердянск, Запорожская область -> Berdyansk, Zaporizhia Oblast | Бердянськ, Запорізька область
Берегово, Закарпатская область -> Beregovo, Zakarpattia Oblast | Берегове, Закарпатська область -> Berehove, Zakarpattia Oblast
Бережаны, Тернопольская область -> Berezhany, Ternopil Oblast | Бережани, Тернопільська область
Березань, Киевская область -> Berezan, Kiev Oblast | Березань, Київська область -> Berezan, Kyiv Oblast
Березно, Ровненская область -> Berezne, Rivne Oblast | Березне, Рівненська область
Березовка, Одесская область -> Berezivka, Odessa Oblast | Березі́вка, Одеська область
Берестечко, Волынская область -> Berestechko, Volyn Oblast | Берестечко, Волинська область
Берислав, Херсонская область -> Beryslav, Kherson Oblast | Берислав, Херсонська область
Бершадь, Винницкая область -> Bershad, Vinnytsia Oblast | Бершадь, Вінницька область
Бобринец, Кировоградская область -> Bobrynets, Kirovohrad Oblast | Бобринець, Кіровоградська область
Бобрка, Львовская область -> Bibrka, Lviv Oblast | Бібрка, Львівська область
Бобровица, Черниговская область -> Bobrovytsia, Chernihiv Oblast | Бобровиця, Чернігівська область
Богодухов, Харьковская область -> Bogodukhov, Kharkiv Oblast | Богодухів, Харківська область -> Bohodukhiv, Kharkiv Oblast
Богуслав, Киевская область -> Bohuslav, Kiev Oblast | Богуслав, Київська область -> Bohuslav, Kyiv Oblast
Болград, Одесская область -> Bolgrad, Odessa Oblast | Болград, Одеська область -> Bolhrad, Odessa Oblast
Болехов, Ивано-Франковская область -> Bolekhiv, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast | Болехів, Івано-Франківська область
Борзна, Черниговская область -> Borzna, Chernihiv Oblast | Борзна, Чернігівська область
Борислав, Львовская область -> Boryslav, Lviv Oblast | Борислав, Львівська область
Борисполь, Киевская область -> Borispol, Kiev Oblast | Бориспіль, Київська область -> Boryspil, Kyiv Oblast
Борщёв, Тернопольская область -> Borshchiv, Ternopil Oblast | Борщів, Тернопільська область
Боярка, Киевская область -> Boyarka, Kiev Oblast | Боярка, Київська область -> Boyarka, Kyiv Oblast
Бровары, Киевская область -> Brovary, Kiev Oblast | Бровари, Київська область -> Brovary, Kyiv Oblast
Броды, Львовская область -> Brody, Lviv Oblast | Броди, Львівська область
Брянка, Луганская область -> Brianka, Luhansk Oblast | Брянка, Луганська область
Бурштын, Ивано-Франковская область -> Burshtyn, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast | Бурштин, Івано-Франківська область
Бурынь, Сумская область -> Buryn, Sumy Oblast | Буринь, Сумська область
Буск, Львовская область -> Busk, Lviv Oblast | Буськ, Львівська область
Буча, Киевская область -> Bucha, Kiev Oblast | Буча, Київська область -> Bucha, Kyiv Oblast
Бучач, Тернопольская область -> Buchach, Ternopil Oblast | Бучач, Тернопільська область
В
Валки, Харьковская область -> Valky, Kharkiv Oblast | Валки, Харківська область
Вараш, Ровненская область -> Varash, Rivne Oblast | Вараш, Рівненська область
Васильевка, Запорожская область -> Vasylivka, Zaporizhia Oblast | Василівка, Запорізька область
Васильков, Киевская область -> Vasylkiv, Kiev Oblast | Васильків, Київська область -> Vasylkiv, Kyiv Oblast
Ватутино, Черкасская область -> Vatutine, Cherkasy Oblast | Ватутіне, Черкаська область
Вахрушево, Луганская область -> Vakhrusheve, Luhansk Oblast | Вахрушеве, Луганська область
Вашковцы, Черновицкая область -> Vashkivtsi, Chernivtsi Oblast | Вашківці, Чернівецька область
Великие Мосты, Львовская область -> Velyki Mosty, Lviv Oblast | Великі Мости, Львівська область
Верхнеднепровск, Днепропетровская область -> Verkhnodniprovsk, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast | Верхньодніпровськ, Дніпропетровська область
Верховцево, Днепропетровская область -> Verkhivtseve, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast | Верхівцеве, Дніпропетровська область
Вижница, Черновицкая область -> Vyzhnytsia, Chernivtsi Oblast | Вижниця, Чернівецька область
Вилково, Одесская область -> Vylkove, Odessa Oblast | Вилкове, Одеська область
Винники, Львовская область -> Vynnyky, Lviv Oblast | Винники, Львівська область
Винница, Винницкая область -> Vinnytsia, Vinnytsia Oblast | Вінниця, Вінницька область
Виноградов, Закарпатская область -> Vynohradiv, Zakarpattia Oblast | Виноградів, Закарпатська область
Вишнёвое, Киевская область -> Vyshneve, Kiev Oblast | Вишневе, Київська область -> Vyshneve, Kyiv Oblast
Владимир-Волынский, Волынская область -> Volodymyr-Volynskyi, Volyn Oblast | Володимир-Волинський, Волинська область
Вознесенск, Николаевская область -> Voznesensk, Mykolaiv Oblast | Вознесенськ, Миколаївська область
Волноваха, Донецкая область -> Volnovakha, Donetsk Oblast | Волнова́ха, Донецька область
Волочиск, Хмельницкая область -> Volochysk, Khmelnytskyi Oblast | Волочиськ, Хмельницька область
Волчанск, Харьковская область -> Vovchansk, Kharkiv Oblast | Вовчанськ, Харківська область
Вольногорск, Днепропетровская область -> Vilnohirsk, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast | Вільногірськ, Дніпропетровська область
Вольнянск, Запорожская область -> Vilniansk, Zaporizhia Oblast | Вільнянськ, Запорізька область
Ворожба, Сумская область -> Vorozhba, Sumy Oblast | Ворожба, Сумська область
Вышгород, Киевская область -> Vyshgorod, Kiev Oblast | Вишгород, Київська область -> Vyshhorod, Kyiv Oblast
Г
Гадяч, Полтавская область -> Hadiach, Poltava Oblast | Гáдяч, Полтавська область
Гайворон, Кировоградская область -> Haivoron, Kirovohrad Oblast | Гайворон, Кіровоградська область
Гайсин, Винницкая область -> Gaysin, Vinnytsia Oblast | Гайсин, Вінницька область -> Haisyn, Vinnytsia Oblast
Галич, Ивано-Франковская область -> Halych, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast | Галич, Івано-Франківська область
Геническ, Херсонская область -> Henichesk, Kherson Oblast | Генічеськ, Херсонська область
Герца, Черновицкая область -> Hertsa, Chernivtsi Oblast | Герца, Чернівецька область
Глобино, Полтавская область -> Hlobyne, Poltava Oblast | Глобине, Полтавська область
Глухов, Сумская область -> Glukhov, Sumy Oblast | Глухів, Сумська область -> Hlukhiv, Sumy Oblast
Глиняны, Львовская область -> Hlyniany, Lviv Oblast | Глиняни, Львівська область
Гнивань, Винницкая область -> Gnivan, Vinnytsia Oblast | Гнівань, Вінницька область -> Hnivan, Vinnytsia Oblast
Голая Пристань, Херсонская область -> Hola Prystan, Kherson Oblast | Гола Пристань, Херсонська область
Горишние Плавни, Полтавская область -> Horishni Plavni, Poltava Oblast | Горішні Плавні, Полтавська область
Горловка, Донецкая область -> Gorlovka, Donetsk Oblast | Горлiвка, Донецька область -> Horlivka, Donetsk Oblast
Горное, Луганская область -> Gornoye, Luhansk Oblast | Гірне, Луганська область
Горняк, Донецкая область -> Hirnyk, Donetsk Oblast | Гірни́к, Донецька область
Городенка, Ивано-Франковская область -> Horodenka, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast | Городенка, Івано-Франківська область
Городище, Черкасская область -> Horodyshche, Cherkasy Oblast | Городище, Черкаська область
Городня, Черниговская область -> Horodnia, Chernihiv Oblast | Городня, Чернігівська область
Городок, Львовская область -> Horodok, Lviv Oblast | Городок, Львівська область
Городок, Хмельницкая область -> Horodok, Khmelnytskyi Oblast | Городок, Хмельницька область
Горохов, Волынская область -> Horokhiv, Volyn Oblast | Горохів, Волинська область
Гребёнка, Полтавская область -> Hrebinka, Poltava Oblast | Гребінка, Полтавська область
Гуляйполе, Запорожская область -> Huliaipole, Zaporizhia Oblast | Гуляйполе, Запорізька область
Д
Дебальцево, Донецкая область -> Debaltsevo, Donetsk Oblast | Дебальцеве, Донецька область -> Debaltseve, Donetsk Oblast
Деражня, Хмельницкая область -> Derazhnia, Khmelnytskyi Oblast | Деражня, Хмельницька область
Дергачи, Харьковская область -> Derhachi, Kharkiv Oblast | Дергачі, Харківська область
Джанкой, Автономная Республика Крым -> Dzhankoy, Autonomous Republic of Crimea | Джанкой, Автономна Республіка Крим
Днепр, Днепропетровская область -> Dnipro, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast | Дніпро, Дніпропетровська область
Днепрорудное, Запорожская область -> Dniprorudne, Zaporizhia Oblast | Дніпрорудне, Запорізька область
Добромиль, Львовская область -> Dobromyl, Lviv Oblast | Добромиль, Львівська область
Доброполье, Донецкая область -> Dobropolye, Donetsk Oblast | Добропілля, Донецька область -> Dobropillia, Donetsk Oblast
Докучаевск, Донецкая область -> Dokuchaievsk, Donetsk Oblast | Докучаєвськ, Донецька область
Долина, Ивано-Франковская область -> Dolyna, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast | Долина, Івано-Франківська область
Долинская, Кировоградская область -> Dolynska, Kirovohrad Oblast | Долинська, Кіровоградська область
Донецк, Донецкая область -> Donetsk, Donetsk Oblast | Донецьк, Донецька область
Дрогобыч, Львовская область -> Drohobych, Lviv Oblast | Дрогобич, Львівська область
Дружба, Сумская область -> Druzhba, Sumy Oblast | Дружба, Сумська область
Дружковка, Донецкая область -> Druzhkovka, Donetsk Oblast | Дружкі́вка, Донецька область -> Druzhkivka, Donetsk Oblast
Дубляны, Львовская область -> Dubliany, Lviv Oblast | Дубляни, Львівська область
Дубно, Ровненская область -> Dubno, Rivne Oblast | Дубно, Рівненська область
Дубровица, Ровненская область -> Dubrovytsia, Rivne Oblast | Дубровиця, Рівненська область
Дунаевцы, Хмельницкая область -> Dunaivtsi, Khmelnytskyi Oblast | Дунаївці, Хмельницька область
Е,Ж
Евпатория, Автономная Республика Крым -> Yevpatoria, Autonomous Republic of Crimea | Євпаторія, Автономна Республіка Крим
Енакиево, Донецкая область -> Yenakiyevo, Donetsk Oblast | Єнакієве, Донецька область -> Yenakiieve, Donetsk Oblast
Жашков, Черкасская область -> Zhashkiv, Cherkasy Oblast | Жашків, Черкаська область
Ждановка, Донецкая область -> Zhdanivka, Donetsk Oblast | Жданівка, Донецька область
Жёлтые Воды, Днепропетровская область -> Zhovti Vody, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast | Жовті Води, Дніпропетровська область
Жидачов, Львовская область -> Zhydachiv, Lviv Oblast | Жидачів, Львівська область
Житомир, Житомирская область -> Zhytomyr, Zhytomyr Oblast | Житомир, Житомирська область
Жмеринка, Винницкая область -> Zhmerynka, Vinnytsia Oblast | Жмеринка, Вінницька область
Жолква, Львовская область -> Zhovkva, Lviv Oblast | Жовква, Львівська область
З
Заводское, Полтавская область -> Zavodske, Poltava Oblast | Заводське, Полтавська область
Залещики, Тернопольская область -> Zalishchyky, Ternopil Oblast | Заліщики, Тернопільська область
Запорожье, Запорожская область -> Zaporozhye, Zaporizhia Oblast | Запоріжжя, Запорізька область -> Zaporizhia, Zaporizhia Oblast
Заставна, Черновицкая область -> Zastavna, Chernivtsi Oblast | Заставна, Чернівецька область
Збараж, Тернопольская область -> Zbarazh, Ternopil Oblast | Збараж, Тернопільська область
Зборов, Тернопольская область -> Zboriv, Ternopil Oblast | Зборів, Тернопільська область
Звенигородка, Черкасская область -> Zvenyhorodka, Cherkasy Oblast | Звенигородка, Черкаська область
Здолбунов, Ровненская область -> Zdolbuniv, Rivne Oblast | Здолбунів, Рівненська область
Зеленодольск, Днепропетровская область -> Zelenodolsk, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast | Зеленодольськ, Дніпропетровська область
Зеньков, Полтавская область -> Zinkiv, Poltava Oblast | Зіньків, Полтавська область
Зимогорье, Луганская область -> Zymohiria, Luhansk Oblast | Зимогір’я, Луганська область
Змиёв, Харьковская область -> Zmiiv, Kharkiv Oblast | Зміїв, Харківська область
Знаменка, Кировоградская область -> Znamianka, Kirovohrad Oblast | Знам’янка, Кіровоградська область
Золотое, Луганская область -> Zolote, Luhansk Oblast | Золоте, Луганська область
Золотоноша, Черкасская область -> Zolotonosha, Cherkasy Oblast | Золотоноша, Черкаська область
Золочев, Львовская область -> Zolochiv, Lviv Oblast | Золочів, Львівська область
Зоринск, Луганская область -> Zorynsk, Luhansk Oblast | Зоринськ, Луганська область
Зугрэс, Донецкая область -> Zuhres, Donetsk Oblast | Зугре́с, Донецька область
И
Ивано-Франковск, Ивано-Франковская область -> Ivano-Frankivsk, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast | Івано-Франківськ, Івано-Франківська область
Измаил, Одесская область -> Izmail, Odessa Oblast | Ізмаїл, Одеська область
Изюм, Харьковская область -> Izium, Kharkiv Oblast | Ізюм, Харківська область
Изяслав, Хмельницкая область -> Iziaslav, Khmelnytskyi Oblast | Ізяслав, Хмельницька область
Иловайск, Донецкая область -> Ilovaisk, Donetsk Oblast | Іловайськ, Донецька область
Ильинцы, Винницкая область -> Illintsi, Vinnytsia Oblast | Іллінці, Вінницька область
Инкерман -> Inkerman | Інкерман
Ирмино, Луганская область -> Irmino, Luhansk Oblast | Ірміно, Луганська область
Ирпень, Киевская область -> Irpen, Kiev Oblast | Ірпінь, Київська область -> Irpin, Kyiv Oblast
Иршава, Закарпатская область -> Irshava, Zakarpattia Oblast | Іршава, Закарпатська область
Ичня, Черниговская область -> Ichnia, Chernihiv Oblast | Ічня, Чернігівська область
К
Кагарлык, Киевская область -> Kaharlyk, Kiev Oblast | Кагарлик, Київська область -> Kaharlyk, Kyiv Oblast
Казатин, Винницкая область -> Koziatyn, Vinnytsia Oblast | Козятин, Вінницька область
Калиновка, Винницкая область -> Kalynivka, Vinnytsia Oblast | Калинівка, Вінницька область
Калуш, Ивано-Франковская область -> Kalush, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast | Калуш, Івано-Франківська область
Каменец-Подольский, Хмельницкая область -> Kamianets-Podilskyi, Khmelnytskyi Oblast | Кам’янець-Подільський, Хмельницька область
Каменка, Черкасская область -> Kamianka, Cherkasy Oblast | Кам’янка, Черкаська область
Каменка-Бугская, Львовская область -> Kamianka-Buzka, Lviv Oblast | Кам’янка-Бузька, Львівська область
Каменка-Днепровская, Запорожская область -> Kamianka-Dniprovska, Zaporizhia Oblast | Кам’янка-Дніпровська, Запорізька область
Каменское, Днепропетровская область -> Kamianske, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast | Кам’янське, Дніпропетровська область
Камень-Каширский, Волынская область -> Kamin-Kashyrskyi, Volyn Oblast | Камінь-Каширський, Волинська область
Канев, Черкасская область -> Kanev, Cherkasy Oblast | Канів, Черкаська область -> Kaniv, Cherkasy Oblast
Карловка, Полтавская область -> Karlovka, Poltava Oblast | Карлівка, Полтавська область -> Karlivka, Poltava Oblast
Каховка, Херсонская область -> Kakhovka, Kherson Oblast | Каховка, Херсонська область
Керчь, Автономная Республика Крым -> Kerch, Autonomous Republic of Crimea | Керч, Автономна Республіка Крим
Киверцы, Волынская область -> Kivertsi, Volyn Oblast | Ківерці, Волинська область
Киев -> Kiev | Київ -> Kyiv
Килия, Одесская область -> Kiliya, Odessa Oblast | Кілія, Одеська область
Кировск, Луганская область -> Kirovsk, Luhansk Oblast | Кіровськ, Луганська область
Кировское, Донецкая область -> Kirovske, Donetsk Oblast | Кі́ровське, Донецька область
Кицмань, Черновицкая область -> Kitsman, Chernivtsi Oblast | Кіцмань, Чернівецька область
Кобеляки, Полтавская область -> Kobeliaky, Poltava Oblast | Кобеляки, Полтавська область
Ковель, Волынская область -> Kovel, Volyn Oblast | Ковель, Волинська область
Кодыма, Одесская область -> Kodyma, Odessa Oblast | Кодима, Одеська область
Коломыя, Ивано-Франковская область -> Kolomyia, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast | Коломия, Івано-Франківська область
Конотоп, Сумская область -> Konotop, Sumy Oblast | Конотоп, Сумська область
Константиновка, Донецкая область -> Kostiantynivka, Donetsk Oblast | Костянти́нівка, Донецька область
Корец, Ровненская область -> Korets, Rivne Oblast | Корець, Рівненська область
Коростень, Житомирская область -> Korosten, Zhytomyr Oblast | Коростень, Житомирська область
Коростышев, Житомирская область -> Korostyshiv, Zhytomyr Oblast | Коростишів, Житомирська область
Корсунь-Шевченковский, Черкасская область -> Korsun-Shevchenkivskyi, Cherkasy Oblast | Корсунь-Шевченківський, Черкаська область
Корюковка, Черниговская область -> Koriukivka, Chernihiv Oblast | Корюківка, Чернігівська область
Косов, Ивано-Франковская область -> Kosov, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast | Косів, Івано-Франківська область -> Kosiv, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast
Костополь, Ровненская область -> Kostopol, Rivne Oblast | Костопіль, Рівненська область -> Kostopil, Rivne Oblast
Краматорск, Донецкая область -> Kramatorsk, Donetsk Oblast | Краматорськ, Донецька область
Красилов, Хмельницкая область -> Krasylov, Khmelnytskyi Oblast | Красилів, Хмельницька область -> Krasyliv, Khmelnytskyi Oblast
Красноград, Харьковская область -> Krasnograd, Kharkiv Oblast | Красноград, Харківська область -> Krasnohrad, Kharkiv Oblast
Краснодон, Луганская область -> Krasnodon, Luhansk Oblast | Краснодон, Луганська область
Красноперекопск, Автономная Республика Крым -> Krasnoperekopsk, Autonomous Republic of Crimea | Красноперекопськ, Автономна Республіка Крим
Красный Луч, Луганская область -> Krasnyi Luch, Luhansk Oblast | Красний Луч, Луганська область
Кременец, Тернопольская область -> Kremenets, Ternopil Oblast | Кременець, Тернопільська область
Кременчуг, Полтавская область -> Kremenchuk, Poltava Oblast | Кременчук, Полтавська область -> Kremenchug, Poltava Oblast
Кривой Рог, Днепропетровская область -> Krivoy Rog, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast | Кривий Ріг, Дніпропетровська область -> Kryvyi Rih, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast
Кролевец, Сумская область -> Krolevets, Sumy Oblast | Кролевець, Сумська область
Кропивницкий, Кировоградская область -> Kropyvnytskyi, Kirovohrad Oblast | Кропивницький, Кіровоградська область
Купянск, Харьковская область -> Kupyansk, Kharkiv Oblast | Куп’янськ, Харківська область -> Kupiansk, Kharkiv Oblast
Л
Ладыжин, Винницкая область -> Ladyzhyn, Vinnytsia Oblast | Ладижин, Вінницька область
Лановцы, Тернопольская область -> Lanivtsi, Ternopil Oblast | Ланівці, Тернопільська область
Лебедин, Сумская область -> Lebedyn, Sumy Oblast | Лебедин, Сумська область
Лиман, Донецкая область -> Lyman, Donetsk Oblast | Лиман, Донецька область
Лисичанск, Луганская область -> Lysychansk, Luhansk Oblast | Лисичанськ, Луганська область
Лозовая, Харьковская область -> Lozovaya, Kharkiv Oblast | Лозова, Харківська область -> Lozova, Kharkiv Oblast
Лохвица, Полтавская область -> Lokhvytsia, Poltava Oblast | Лохвиця, Полтавська область
Лубны, Полтавская область -> Lubny, Poltava Oblast | Лубни, Полтавська область
Луганск, Луганская область -> Luhansk, Luhansk Oblast | Луганськ, Луганська область
Лутугино, Луганская область -> Lutuhyne, Luhansk Oblast | Лутугине, Луганська область
Луцк, Волынская область -> Lutsk, Volyn Oblast | Луцьк, Волинська область
Львов, Львовская область -> Lvov, Lviv Oblast | Львів, Львівська область -> Lviv, Lviv Oblast
Любомль, Волынская область -> Liuboml, Volyn Oblast | Лю́бомль, Волинська область
Люботин, Харьковская область -> Liubotyn, Kharkiv Oblast | Люботин, Харківська область
М
Малин, Житомирская область -> Malyn, Zhytomyr Oblast | Мал, Житомирська область
Марганец, Днепропетровская область -> Marhanets, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast | Марганець, Дніпропетровська областьм
Мариуполь, Донецкая область -> Mariupol, Donetsk Oblast | Маріуполь, Донецька область
Макеевка, Донецкая область -> Makiivka, Donetsk Oblast | Макіївка, Донецька область
Малая Виска, Кировоградская область -> Mala Vyska, Kirovohrad Oblast | Мала Виска, Кіровоградська область
Мелитополь, Запорожская область -> Melitopol, Zaporizhia Oblast | Мелітополь, Запорізька область
Мена, Черниговская область -> Mena, Chernihiv Oblast | Мена, Чернігівська область
Мерефа, Харьковская область -> Merefa, Kharkiv Oblast | Мерефа, Харківська область
Миргород, Полтавская область -> Myrhorod, Poltava Oblast | Миргород, Полтавська область
Мирноград (Димитров), Донецкая область -> Myrnohrad, Donetsk Oblast | Мирноград, Донецька область
Мироновка, Киевская область -> Myronovka, Kiev Oblast | Миронівка, Київська область -> Myronivka, Kyiv Oblast
Миусинск, Луганская область -> Miusynsk, Luhansk Oblast | Міусинськ, Луганська область
Могилёв-Подольский, Винницкая область -> Mohyliv-Podilskyi, Vinnytsia Oblast | Могилів-Подільський, Вінницька область
Молодогвардейск, Луганская область -> Molodohvardiysk, Luhansk Oblast | Молодогвардійськ, Луганська область
Молочанск, Запорожская область -> Molochansk, Zaporizhia Oblast | Молочанськ, Запорізька область
Монастыриска, Тернопольская область -> Monastyryska, Ternopil Oblast | Монастириська, Тернопільська область
Монастырище, Черкасская область -> Monastyryshche, Cherkasy Oblast | Монастирище, Черкаська область
Мостиска, Львовская область -> Mostyska, Lviv Oblast | Мостиська, Львівська область
Мукачево, Закарпатская область -> Mukachevo, Zakarpattia Oblast | Мукачево, Закарпатська область
Н
Надворная, Ивано-Франковская область -> Nadvirna, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast | Надвірна, Івано-Франківська область
Николаев, Львовская область -> Mykolaiv, Lviv Oblast | Миколаїв, Львівська область
Николаев, Николаевская область -> Nikolaev, Mykolaiv Oblast | Миколаїв, Миколаївська область -> Mykolaiv, Mykolaiv Oblast
Никополь, Днепропетровская область -> Nikopol, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast | Нікополь, Дніпропетровська область
Нежин, Черниговская область -> Nizhyn, Chernihiv Oblast | Ніжин, Чернігівська область
Немиров, Винницкая область -> Nemyriv, Vinnytsia Oblast | Немирів, Вінницька область
Нетешин, Хмельницкая область -> Netishyn, Khmelnytskyi Oblast | Нетішин, Хмельницька область
Новая Каховка, Херсонская область -> Nova Kakhovka, Kherson Oblast | Нова Каховка, Херсонська область
Новая Одесса, Николаевская область -> Nova Odesa, Mykolaiv Oblast | Нова Одеса, Миколаївська область
Новый Буг, Николаевская область -> Novyi Buh, Mykolaiv Oblast | Новий Буг, Миколаївська область
Новоазовск, Донецкая область -> Novoazovsk, Donetsk Oblast | Новоазовськ, Донецька область
Нововолынск, Волынская область -> Novovolynsk, Volyn Oblast | Нововолинськ, Волинська область
Новгород-Северский, Черниговская область -> Novhorod-Siverskyi, Chernihiv Oblast | Новгород-Сіверський, Чернігівська область
Новогродовка, Донецкая область -> Novohrodivka, Donetsk Oblast | Новогро́дівка, Донецька область
Новомиргород, Кировоградская область -> Novomyrhorod, Kirovohrad Oblast | Новомиргород, Кіровоградська область
Новоград-Волынский, Житомирская область -> Novohrad-Volynskyi, Zhytomyr Oblast | Новоград-Волинський, Житомирська область
Новодружеск, Луганская область -> Novodruzhesk, Luhansk Oblast | Новодружеськ, Луганська область
Новоднестровск, Черновицкая область -> Novodnistrovsk, Chernivtsi Oblast | Новодністровськ, Чернівецька область
Новомосковск, Днепропетровская область -> Novomoskovsk, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast | Новомосковськ, Дніпропетровська область
Новопсков, Луганская область -> Novopskov, Luhansk Oblast | Новопсков, Луганська область
Новоселица, Черновицкая область -> Novoselytsia, Chernivtsi Oblast | Новоселиця, Чернівецька область
Новоукраинка, Кировоградская область -> Novoukrainka, Kirovohrad Oblast | Новоукраїнка, Кіровоградська область
Новый Роздол, Львовская область -> Novyi Rozdil, Lviv Oblast | Новий Розділ, Львівська область
Носовка, Черниговская область -> Nosivka, Chernihiv Oblast | Носівка, Чернігівська область
О
Обухов, Киевская область -> Obukhiv, Kiev Oblast | Обухів, Київська область -> Obukhiv, Kyiv Oblast
Овруч, Житомирская область -> Ovruch, Zhytomyr Oblast | Овруч, Житомирська область
Одесса, Одесская область -> Odessa, Odessa Oblast | Одеса, Одеська область
Орехов, Запорожская область -> Orikhov, Zaporizhia Oblast | Оріхів, Запорізька область -> Orikhiv, Zaporizhia Oblast
Острог, Ровненская область -> Ostrog, Rivne Oblast | Острог, Рівненська область -> Ostroh, Rivne Oblast
Очаков, Николаевская область -> Ochakov, Mykolaiv Oblast | Очаків, Миколаївська область -> Ochakiv, Mykolaiv Oblast
П
Павлоград, Днепропетровская область -> Pavlohrad, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast | Павлоград, Дніпропетровська область
Первомайск, Луганская область -> Pervomaisk, Luhansk Oblast | Первомайськ, Луганська область
Первомайск, Николаевская область -> Pervomaisk, Mykolaiv Oblast | Первома́йськ, Миколаївська область
Первомайский, Харьковская область -> Pervomaiskyi, Kharkiv Oblast | Первомайський, Харківська область
Перевальск, Луганская область -> Perevalsk, Luhansk Oblast | Перевальськ, Луганська область
Перемышляны, Львовская область -> Peremyshliany, Lviv Oblast | Перемишляни, Львівська область
Перечин, Закарпатская область -> Perechyn, Zakarpattia Oblast | Перечин, Закарпатська область
Перещепино, Днепропетровская область -> Pereshchepyne, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast | Перещепине, Дніпропетровська область
Переяслав-Хмельницкий, Киевская область -> Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi, Kiev Oblast | Переяслав-Хмельницький, Київська область -> Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi, Kyiv Oblast
Першотравенск, Днепропетровская область -> Pershotravensk, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast | Першотравенськ, Дніпропетровська область
Петровское, Луганская область -> Petrovske, Luhansk Oblast | Петро́вське, Луганська область
Пирятин, Полтавская область -> Pyriatyn, Poltava Oblast | Пирятин, Полтавська область
Погребище, Винницкая область -> Pohrebyshche, Vinnytsia Oblast | Погребище, Вінницька область
Подволочиск, Тернопольская область -> Pidvolochysk, Ternopil Oblast | Підволочиськ, Тернопільська область
Подгайцы, Тернопольская область -> Pidhaitsi, Ternopil Oblast | Підгайці, Тернопільська область
Подгородное, Днепропетровская область -> Pidhorodne, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast | Підгородне, Дніпропетровська область
Подольск, Одесская область -> Podolsk, Odessa Oblast | Подільськ, Одеська область -> Podilsk, Odessa Oblast
Покров, Днепропетровская область -> Pokrov, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast | Покров, Дніпропетровська область
Покровск, Донецкая область -> Pokrovsk, Donetsk Oblast | Покровськ, Донецька область
Пологи, Запорожская область -> Polohy, Zaporizhia Oblast | Пологи, Запорізька область
Полонное, Хмельницкая область -> Polonne, Khmelnytskyi Oblast | Полонне, Хмельницька область
Полтава, Полтавская область -> Poltava, Poltava Oblast | Полта́ва, Полтавська область
Попасная, Луганская область -> Popasna, Luhansk Oblast | Попасна, Луганська область
Почаев, Тернопольская область -> Pochaiv, Ternopil Oblast | Почаїв, Тернопільська область
Приволье, Луганская область -> Pryvillia, Luhansk Oblast | Привілля, Луганська область
Прилуки, Черниговская область -> Pryluky, Chernihiv Oblast | Прилуки, Чернігівська область
Приморск, Запорожская область -> Prymorsk, Zaporizhia Oblast | Приморськ, Запорізька область
Припять, Киевская область -> Pripyat, Kiev Oblast | Прип’ять, Київська область -> Pripyat, Kyiv Oblast
Пустомыты, Львовская область -> Pustomyty, Lviv Oblast | Пустомити, Львівська область
Путивль, Сумская область -> Putyvl, Sumy Oblast | Путивль, Сумська область
Пятихатки, Днепропетровская область -> Piatykhatky, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast | П’ятихатки, Дніпропетровська область
Р
Рава-Русская, Львовская область -> Rava-Ruska, Lviv Oblast | Рава-Руська, Львівська область
Радехов, Львовская область -> Radekhiv, Lviv Oblast | Радехів, Львівська область
Радомышль, Житомирская область -> Radomyshl, Zhytomyr Oblast | Радомишль, Житомирська область
Радивилов, Ровненская область -> Radivilov, Rivne Oblast | Радивилів, Рівненська область -> Radyvyliv, Rivne Oblast
Раздельная, Одесская область -> Rozdilna, Odessa Oblast | Роздільна, Одеська область
Рахов, Закарпатская область -> Rakhiv, Zakarpattia Oblast | Рахів, Закарпатська область
Ржищев, Киевская область -> Rzhyshchiv, Kiev Oblast | Ржищів, Київська область -> Rzhyshchiv, Kyiv Oblast
Рогатин, Ивано-Франковская область -> Rohatyn, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast | Рогатин, Івано-Франківська область
Ровеньки, Луганская область -> Rovenky, Luhansk Oblast | Ровеньки, Луганська область
Ровно, Ровненская область -> Rovno, Rivne Oblast | Рівне, Рівненська область -> Rivne, Rivne Oblast
Рожище, Волынская область -> Rozhyshche, Volyn Oblast | Рожище, Волинська область
Ромны, Сумская область -> Romny, Sumy Oblast | Ромни, Сумська область
Рубежное, Луганская область -> Rubezhnoye, Luhansk Oblast | Рубіжне, Луганська область -> Rubizhne, Luhansk Oblast
Рудки, Львовская область -> Rudky, Lviv Oblast | Рудки, Львівська область
С
Саки, Автономная Республика Крым -> Saki, Autonomous Republic of Crimea | Саки, Автономна Республіка Крим -> Saky, Autonomous Republic of Crimea
Самбор, Львовская область -> Sambor, Lviv Oblast | Самбiр, Львівська область -> Sambir, Lviv Oblast
Сарны, Ровненская область -> Sarny, Rivne Oblast | Сарни, Рівненська область
Свалява, Закарпатская область -> Svaliava, Zakarpattia Oblast | Свалява, Закарпатська область
Сватово, Луганская область -> Svatovo, Luhansk Oblast | Сватове, Луганська область -> Svatove, Luhansk Oblast
Свердловск, Луганская область -> Sverdlovsk, Luhansk Oblast | Свердловськ, Луганська область
Светловодск, Кировоградская область -> Svitlovodsk, Kirovohrad Oblast | Світловодськ, Кіровоградська область
Севастополь -> Sevastopol
Северодонецк, Луганская область -> Severodonetsk, Luhansk Oblast | Сєвєродоне́цьк, Луганська область -> Sievierodonetsk, Luhansk Oblast
Седнев, Черниговская область -> Sedniv, Chernihiv Oblast | Седнів, Чернігівська область
Селидово, Донецкая область -> Selydove, Donetsk Oblast | Селидове, Донецька область
Семёновка, Черниговская область -> Semenovka, Chernihiv Oblast | Семенівка, Чернігівська область -> Semenivka, Chernihiv Oblast
Середина-Буда, Сумская область -> Seredyna-Buda, Sumy Oblast | Середина-Буда, Сумська область
Симферополь, Автономная Республика Крым -> Simferopol, Autonomous Republic of Crimea | Сімферополь, Автономна Республіка Крим
Синельниково, Днепропетровская область -> Synelnykovo, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast | Синельникове, Дніпропетровська область -> Synelnykove, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast
Скадовск, Херсонская область -> Skadovsk, Kherson Oblast | Скадовськ, Херсонська область
Скалат, Тернопольская область -> Skalat, Ternopil Oblast | Скалат, Тернопільська область
Сквира, Киевская область -> Skvyra, Kiev Oblast | Сквира, Київська область -> Skvyra, Kyiv Oblast
Сколе, Львовская область -> Skole, Lviv Oblast | Сколе, Львівська область
Славута, Хмельницкая область -> Slavuta, Khmelnytskyi Oblast | Славута, Хмельницька область
Славутич, Киевская область -> Slavutych, Kiev Oblast | Славутич, Київська область -> Slavutych, Kyiv Oblast
Славянск, Донецкая область -> Sloviansk, Donetsk Oblast | Слов’янськ, Донецька область
Смела, Черкасская область -> Smela, Cherkasy Oblast | Сміла, Черкаська область
Снежное, Донецкая область -> Snezhnoye, Donetsk Oblast | Сніжне, Донецька область -> Snizhne, Donetsk Oblast
Снигирёвка, Николаевская область -> Snihurivka, Mykolaiv Oblast | Снігурівка, Миколаївська область
Сновск, Черниговская область -> Snovsk, Chernihiv Oblast | Сновськ, Чернігівська область
Снятын, Ивано-Франковская область -> Sniatyn, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast | Снятин, Івано-Франківська область
Сокаль, Львовская область -> Sokal, Lviv Oblast | Сокаль, Львівська область
Сокиряны, Черновицкая область -> Sokyriany, Chernivtsi Oblast | Сокиряни, Чернівецька область
Соледар, Донецкая область -> Soledar, Donetsk Oblast | Соледар, Донецька область
Старобельск, Луганская область -> Starobilsk, Luhansk Oblast | Старобільськ, Луганська область
Староконстантинов, Хмельницкая область -> Starokostiantyniv, Khmelnytskyi Oblast | Старокостянтинів, Хмельницька область
Старый Крым, Автономная Республика Крым -> Stary Krym, Autonomous Republic of Crimea | Старий Крим, Автономна Республіка Крим
Старый Самбор, Львовская область -> Staryi Sambir, Lviv Oblast | Старий Самбір, Львівська область
Стаханов, Луганская область -> Stakhanov, Luhansk Oblast | Стаханов, Луганська область
Сторожинец, Черновицкая область -> Storozhynets, Chernivtsi Oblast | Сторожинець, Чернівецька область
Стрый, Львовская область -> Stryi, Lviv Oblast | Стрий, Львівська область
Судак, Автономная Республика Крым -> Sudak, Autonomous Republic of Crimea | Судак, Автономна Республіка Крим
Сумы, Сумская область -> Sumy, Sumy Oblast | Суми, Сумська область
Суходольск, Луганская область -> Sukhodilsk, Luhansk Oblast | Суходільськ, Луганська область
Счастье, Луганская область -> Shchastya, Luhansk Oblast | Щастя, Луганська область
Т
Таврийск, Херсонская область -> Tavriisk, Kherson Oblast | Таврійськ, Херсонська область -> Tavriysk, Kherson Oblast
Тальное, Черкасская область -> Talnoye, Cherkasy Oblast | Тальне, Черкаська область -> Talne, Cherkasy Oblast
Тараща, Киевская область -> Tarashcha, Kiev Oblast | Тараща, Київська область -> Tarashcha, Kyiv Oblast
Татарбунары, Одесская область -> Tatarbunary, Odessa Oblast | Татарбунари, Одеська область
Теплодар, Одесская область -> Teplodar, Odessa Oblast | Теплодар, Одеська область
Тернополь, Тернопольская область -> Ternopol, Ternopol Oblast | Тернопіль, Тернопільська область -> Ternopil, Ternopil Oblast
Терновка, Днепропетровская область -> Ternovka, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast | Тернівка, Дніпропетровська область -> Ternivka, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast
Тетиев, Киевская область -> Tetiev, Kiev Oblast | Тетіїв, Київська область -> Tetiiv, Kyiv Oblast
Тысменица, Ивано-Франковская область -> Tysmenytsia, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast | Тисмениця, Івано-Франківська область
Тлумач, Ивано-Франковская область -> Tlumach, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast | Тлумач, Івано-Франківська область
Теребовля, Тернопольская область -> Terebovlia, Ternopil Oblast | Теребовля, Тернопільська область
Тростянец, Сумская область -> Trostianets, Sumy Oblast | Тростянець, Сумська область
Трускавец, Львовская область -> Truskavets, Lviv Oblast | Трускавець, Львівська область
Токмак, Запорожская область -> Tokmak, Zaporizhia Oblast | Токмак, Запорізька область
Торез, Донецкая область -> Torez, Donetsk Oblast | Торез, Донецька область
Торецк, Донецкая область -> Toretsk, Donetsk Oblast | Торецьк, Донецька область
Тульчин, Винницкая область -> Tulchyn, Vinnytsia Oblast | Тульчин, Вінницька область
Тячев, Закарпатская область -> Tiachiv, Zakarpattia Oblast | Тячів, Закарпатська область
У
Угледар, Донецкая область -> Vuhledar, Donetsk Oblast | Вугледа́р, Донецька область
Угнев, Львовская область -> Uhniv, Lviv Oblast | Угнів, Львівська область
Узин, Киевская область -> Uzyn, Kiev Oblast | Узин, Київська область -> Uzyn, Kyiv Oblast
Украинка, Киевская область -> Ukrainka, Kiev Oblast | Українка, Київська область -> Ukrayinka, Kyiv Oblast
Ужгород, Закарпатская область -> Uzhhorod, Zakarpattia Oblast | Ужгород, Закарпатська область
Умань, Черкасская область -> Uman, Cherkasy Oblast | Умань, Черкаська область
Устилуг, Волынская область -> Ustyluh, Volyn Oblast | Устилуг, Волинська область
Ф,Х
Фастов, Киевская область -> Fastov, Kiev Oblast | Фастів, Київська область -> Fastiv, Kyiv Oblast
Феодосия, Автономная Республика Крым -> Feodosia, Autonomous Republic of Crimea | Феодосія, Автономна Республіка Крим
Харцызск, Донецкая область -> Khartsyzsk, Donetsk Oblast | Харци́зьк, Донецька область -> Khartsyzk, Donetsk Oblast
Харьков, Харьковская область -> Kharkov, Kharkov Oblast | Харків, Харківська область -> Kharkiv, Kharkiv Oblast
Херсон, Херсонская область -> Kherson, Kherson Oblast | Херсон, Херсонська область
Хмельник, Винницкая область -> Khmilnyk, Vinnytsia Oblast | Хмільник, Вінницька область
Хмельницкий, Хмельницкая область -> Khmelnytskyi, Khmelnytskyi Oblast | Хмельницький, Хмельницька область
Хорол, Полтавская область -> Khorol, Poltava Oblast | Хорол, Полтавська область
Хотин, Черновицкая область -> Khotyn, Chernivtsi Oblast | Хотин, Чернівецька область
Христиновка, Черкасская область -> Khristinovka, Cherkasy Oblast | Христинівка, Черкаська область -> Khrystynivka, Cherkasy Oblast
Хуст, Закарпатская область -> Khust, Zakarpattia Oblast | Хуст, Закарпатська область
Хыров, Львовская область -> Khyriv, Lviv Oblast | Хирів, Львівська область
Ч
Червоноград, Львовская область -> Chervonohrad, Lviv Oblast | Червоноград, Львівська область
Червонопартизанск, Луганская область -> Chervonopartyzansk, Luhansk Oblast | Червонопартизанськ, Луганська область
Черноморск, Одесская область -> Chornomorsk, Odessa Oblast | Чорноморськ, Одеська область
Черкассы, Черкасская область -> Cherkasy, Cherkasy Oblast | Черкаси, Черкаська область
Чернигов, Черниговская область -> Chernigov, Chernihiv Oblast | Чернігів, Чернігівська область -> Chernihiv, Chernihiv Oblast
Чернобыль, Киевская область -> Chernobyl, Kiev Oblast | Чорнобиль, Київська область -> Chornobyl, Kyiv Oblast
Черновцы, Черновицкая область -> Chernivtsi, Chernivtsi Oblast | Чернівці, Чернівецька область
Чигирин, Черкасская область -> Chyhyryn, Cherkasy Oblast | Чигирин, Черкаська область
Чоп, Закарпатская область -> Chop, Zakarpattia Oblast | Чоп, Закарпатська область
Чортков, Тернопольская область -> Chortkiv, Ternopil Oblast | Чортків, Тернопільська область
Чугуев, Харьковская область -> Chuguev, Kharkiv Oblast | Чугуїв, Харківська область -> Chuhuiv, Kharkiv Oblast
Ш
Шаргород, Винницкая область -> Sharhorod, Vinnytsia Oblast | Шаргород, Вінницька область
Шахтёрск, Донецкая область -> Shakhtyorsk, Donetsk Oblast | Шахта́рськ, Донецька область -> Shakhtarsk, Donetsk Oblast
Шепетовка, Хмельницкая область -> Shepetovka, Khmelnytskyi Oblast | Шепетівка, Хмельницька область -> Shepetivka, Khmelnytskyi Oblast
Шостка, Сумская область -> Shostka, Sumy Oblast | Шостка, Сумська область
Шпола, Черкасская область -> Shpola, Cherkasy Oblast | Шпола, Черкаська область
Шумск, Тернопольская область -> Shumsk, Ternopil Oblast | Шумськ, Тернопільська область
Щ,Э,Ю
Щёлкино, Автономная Республика Крым -> Shchelkino, Autonomous Republic of Crimea | Щолкіне, Автономна Республіка Крим -> Shcholkine, Autonomous Republic of Crimea
Энергодар, Запорожская область -> Enerhodar, Zaporizhia Oblast | Енергодар, Запорізька область
Южное, Одесская область -> Yuzhne, Odessa Oblast | Южне, Одеська область
Южноукраинск, Николаевская область -> Yuzhnoukrainsk, Mykolaiv Oblast | Южноукраїнськ, Миколаївська область
Я
Яворов, Львовская область -> Yavorov, Lviv Oblast | Яворів, Львівська область -> Yavoriv, Lviv Oblast
Яготин, Киевская область -> Yahotyn, Kiev Oblast | Яготин, Київська область -> Yahotyn, Kyiv Oblast
Ялта, Автономная Республика Крым -> Yalta, Autonomous Republic of Crimea | Ялта, Автономна Республіка Крим
Ямполь, Винницкая область -> Yampol, Vinnytsia Oblast | Ямпіль, Вінницька область -> Yampil, Vinnytsia Oblast
Яремче, Ивано-Франковская область -> Yaremche, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast | Яремче, Івано-Франківська область
Ясиноватая, Донецкая область -> Yasinovataya, Donetsk Oblast | Ясинува́та, Донецька область -> Yasynuvata, Donetsk Oblast
Перевод «запорожье» на английский
Ваш текст переведен частично.
Вы можете переводить не более 999 символов за один раз.
Войдите или зарегистрируйтесь бесплатно на PROMT.One и переводите еще больше!
<>
Запорожье
ср.р.
существительное
Склонение
Zaporozhye
Это что, действительно город Запорожье?
Is this really Zaporozhye city?
Контексты
Это что, действительно город Запорожье?
Is this really Zaporozhye city?
В таких крупных и в основном русскоязычных украинских городах, как Днепропетровск, Запорожье, Харьков, Краматорск и Одесса, возникло множество организаций, предлагающих бесплатные курсы украинского языка.
Free Ukrainian courses have mushroomed in big, mostly Russian-speaking cities such as Dnipropetrovsk, Zaporizhzhia, Kharkiv, Kramatorsk and Odessa.
Еще хуже для Януковича то, что демонстрации начались и в различных местах русскоязычного региона Донбасс: в Днепропетровске, Одессе, Харькове и Запорожье (так в тексте — прим. перев.).
Worse still for Yanukovych, demonstrations have erupted in various places in Ukraine’s Russophone Donbass region: Dnepropetrovsk, Odessa, Kharkiv and Zaporizhzhya.
Так как мы сочли невозможным проводить полноценные исследования в охваченных войной Донецкой и Луганской областях, мы заказали Киевскому международному институту социологии (КМИС) рандомизированный личный опрос 2003 человек в Одессе, Николаеве, Херсоне, Запорожье, Днепропетровске и Харькове.
We judged it impossible to do reliable survey work in war afflicted Donetsk and Luhansk, instead contracting with the Kyiv International Institute of Sociology (KIIS) to administer a randomized face-to-face survey to 2003 persons in Odesa, Mykolaiv, Kherson, Zaporizhia, Dnipropetrovsk and Kharkiv.
Лучше я вас на той неделе отправлю на Запорожье.
I better you during the week send to Zaporozhye.
Бесплатный переводчик онлайн с русского на английский
Вам нужно переводить на английский сообщения в чатах, письма бизнес-партнерам и в службы поддержки онлайн-магазинов или домашнее задание? PROMT.One мгновенно переведет с русского на английский и еще на 20+ языков.
Точный переводчик
С помощью PROMT.One наслаждайтесь точным переводом с русского на английский, а также смотрите английскую транскрипцию, произношение и варианты переводов слов с примерами употребления в предложениях. Бесплатный онлайн-переводчик PROMT.One — достойная альтернатива Google Translate и другим сервисам, предоставляющим перевод с английского на русский и с русского на английский. Переводите в браузере на персональных компьютерах, ноутбуках, на мобильных устройствах или установите мобильное приложение Переводчик PROMT.One для iOS и Android.
Нужно больше языков?
PROMT.One бесплатно переводит онлайн с русского на азербайджанский, арабский, греческий, иврит, испанский, итальянский, казахский, китайский, корейский, немецкий, португальский, татарский, турецкий, туркменский, узбекский, украинский, финский, французский, эстонский и японский.
Перевод «Запорожье» на английский
Zaporizhia — это перевод «Запорожье» на английский.
Пример переведенного предложения: Запорожье называют «столицей игровых видов спорта страны». ↔ Indianapolis has been called the «Amateur Sports Capital of the World».
Запорожье
proper
существительное среднего рода
грамматика
-
Zaporizhia, Zaporizhzhia, Zaporozhye (city in Ukraine)
Совет директоров открытого акционерного общества «Мотор Сич» сообщает о проведении 27 марта 2009 г. общего собрания акционеров по адресу: 69068, г. Запорожье, ул. 8-Марта, 15 (в помещении конференцзала).
On 25-29 September, 2008, the 6-th AVIASVIT-XXI International Airshow was held at Antonov airport, Gostomel town, Keiv region.
После чего появились клубы во Львове, Тернополе, Харькове, Днепропетровске, Симферополе, Ровно, Полтаве, Ужгороде, еще один клуб в Киеве (Киев-Центр), Ялте, Суммах, Черкассах (Черкассы-Smile) и Запорожье.
After that, new clubs in Lvov, Ternopol, Kharkov, Dnepropetrovsk, Simferopol, Rovno, Poltava, Uzhgorod, a second club in Kyiv (Kyiv-Centre), Yalta, Sumy, Cherkassy (Cherkassy-Smile) and Zhaporozhie were chartered.
У нас были надежные деловые связи с Испанией и два офиса – в Барселоне и Запорожье.
We had reliable business contacts with Spain and two offices – in Barcelona and in Zaporizhzhya.
В 2008 году спуском на воду в Запорожье акционерная судоходная компания «Укрречфлот» завершила производство серии из пяти несамоходных барж типа «Европа-М».
In 2008, in Zaporizhia joint stock shipping company «Ukrrichflot» has completed production of series of five self-propelled barges of the type «Europe-M».
В Запорожье выгодно вкладывать деньги — таковы выводы экономических форумов, инвестиционных конференций, которые становятся традиционными для столицы казацкого края.
IFC, a member of the World Bank Group, has announced that Raiffeisen Bank Aval is the first issuing bank in Ukraine to join the IFC Global Trade Finance Program. IFC’s $30 million trade finance line to the bank will support corporate clients and small and medium enterprises in the country.
С материалами повестки дня собрания акционеры могут ознакомиться лично по адресу: Украина, г. Запорожье, пр. Моторостроителей, 15.
The shareholders can find more details about agenda at address: 15 Motorostroiteley Av., Zasporozhye, Ukraine.
По приказу командующего Вооружёнными Силами Украины и Крыма No 654/168 от 1 июня 1922 года в г. Запорожье в Украинском военном округе (далее УкрВО)началось формирование корпуса.
By order of the Command of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and Crimea No 654/168 dated June 1, 1922, Zaporozhye in Ukrainian Military District (hereinafter UkrVO) formation of the body.
Запорожье называют «столицей игровых видов спорта страны».
Indianapolis has been called the «Amateur Sports Capital of the World».
Здесь соединяются все транспортные потоки, отсюда можно легко и быстро добраться в любую часть Запорожья.
From here you can easily get to any part of Zaporizhia.
Заканчиваются подготовительные работы к инсталляции SDH-сетей в городах Хмельницком, Запорожье, и других.
Preparatory work for installing SDH-networks in the cities of Khmelnitskiy, Zaporozhie, and others is coming to an end.
Гостиница расположена в самом сердце г. Запорожья на проспекте Ленина возле здания городской администрации.
The hotel is located in the heart of Zaporozhye city on the main avenue in front of the city administration.
Вантовый мост через Днепр в Запорожье через главное русло.
Cable-stayed bridge across mainstream of Dnieper in Zaporizhzhja.
Интервью были проведены во многих населённых пунктах Украины, в частности, в Киеве, Одессе, Балте, Бердичеве, Черновцах, Днепропетровске, Донецке, Харькове, Могилёве-Подольском, Симферополе, Виннице, Запорожье и Жмеринке.
Interviews were conducted by 44 interviewers and videotaped by 31 videographers.
Мне лично Запорожье запомнилось тем, что там фюрер присвоил мне и Энгелю чин подполковника.
I remember Saporoshye if only because Hitler promoted Engel and myself to the rank of Oberstleutnant there.
Предлагаем к Вашему вниманию супермаркет в городе Запорожье.
We offer to Your attention a supermarket in Zaporizzja.
Потеря Никополя (на Днепре, юго-западнее Запорожья) означала бы конец войны».
Loss of Nikopol (on the Dnieper River, southwest of Zaporozhye) would mean the end of war.»
В 5 международных аэропортах «Борисполь», «Львов», «Днепропетровск», «Запорожье«, «Киев» (Жуляны) для транспортировки по перрону пассажиров с инвалидностью и ограниченными физическими возможностями, осуществления их посадки/высадки в/из воздушных судов используется спецмашина «Амбулифт» (в аэропорту «Борисполь» – 2 ед.).
At the five international airports, Borispol, Lviv, Dnipropetrovsk, Zaporizhzhya and Kyiv, in order to convey passengers with physical or other disabilities to the apron and to help them in and out of the aircraft, a special machine called an Ambulift is used (Borispol has two such machines).
Лучше я вас на той неделе отправлю на Запорожье.
Better I’ll send you to Zaporozhye * next week.
В Запорожье милиция уже второй день разыскивает Евгения Сотникова — чемпиона Украины по борьбе дзюдо. Атлета подозревают в убийстве человека.
One will be able to resolve on poor competence of individual officials of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine or their willful acts, which may be covered by the following provisions: paragraphs 1, 2 of Article 367, paragraph 1, 2 of Article 170, Article 364, Article 365, paragraphs 1, 2, 3 of Article 161 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine.
Сегодня состоялась пресс-конференция руководителей ведущих промышленных предприятий Запорожья – завода ферросплавов, алюминиевого комбината, коксохимического и абразивного заводов, «Запорожстали» и «Днепроспецстали». Промышленники рассказали о положении дел на предприятиях города, предпринимаемых антикризисных мерах.
On the First of June — International Children’s Day, DNEPROSPETSSTAL provides the opportunity for all those who wish to offer help to the Residential Children’s School No 3 and the Oncology and Hematology Ward of the Zaporozhye Region’s Children’s Hospital.
С 1993 по 1997 года проживал в Запорожье, где повторно совершил кражу и часть срока (с 1997 по 2000 годы) провёл в психиатрической больнице.
From 1993 to 1997 he lived in Zaporizhia, where he repeatedly committed theft and spent a partial term (from 1997 to 2000) in a psychiatric hospital.
Это Всеукраинские фестивали “Мы- украинские” (Запорожье), еврейского искусства “Шолом, Украина!” (г. Киев), межнациональные фестивали национальных культур (города Николаев и Каменец-Подольский), “Мелодии соленых озер” (Закарпатье), фестиваль культур национальных меньшинств Киевщины “Фольклорама”, Дни румынской культуры (г. Черновцы), областные фестивали венгерской, польской, корейской, молдавской и греческой культур
These events include the nationwide festival “We Are Ukrainian” (Zaporozhye), the “Shalom, Ukraine!” Jewish arts festival (Kiev), inter-ethnic cultural festivals (in the cities of Nikolayev and Kamenets-Podolsky), “Melodies of the Saltwater Seas” (Zakarpatye), the “Folklorama” festival of national minority cultures of the Kiev region, Romanian culture days (in the city of Chernovtsy) and oblast Hungarian, Polish, Korean, Moldovan and Greek cultural festivals
Смертельный удар планируется нанести через Лозовую и Павлоград на Днепропетровск и Запорожье.
The fatal blow was to move through Lozowaja and Pawlograd to Dnepropetrowsk and Saporoschje.
В центральной части города Запорожья, вблизи культурного и делового центра гостеприимно встречает своих посетителей уютный и комфортабельный VIP-отель «Прага».
Hotel «Yes» — located next to a park area of the central part of Zaporozhia city, near the Dnieper River.
Родился в Оренбурге, детство провёл в Москве и Запорожье, во время войны жил на Урале.
He was born in Orenburg, spent his childhood in Moscow and Zaporozhye, during the war he lived in the Urals.
|
Zaporizhzhia Запоріжжя |
|
|---|---|
|
City |
|
|
From top to bottom and left to right:
|
|
|
Flag
Coat of arms |
|
|
Zaporizhzhia
Zaporizhzhia |
|
| Coordinates: 47°51′00″N 35°07′03″E / 47.85000°N 35.11750°ECoordinates: 47°51′00″N 35°07′03″E / 47.85000°N 35.11750°E | |
| Country | Ukraine |
| Oblast | Zaporizhzhia Oblast |
| Founded | 952 |
| City rights | 1806 |
| Raions |
7
|
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Anatolii Kurtiev (acting Mayor since 30 September 2021)[1] |
| Area | |
| • Total | 334 km2 (129 sq mi) |
| Population
(2022) |
|
| • Total | 710,052 |
| • Density | 1,365.2/km2 (3,536/sq mi) |
| • 2001[2] | 817,900 |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
| Postal code |
69xxx |
| Area code | +380 61(2) |
| Climate | Dfa |
Zaporizhzhia[3][note 1] (Ukrainian: Запоріжжя) or Zaporozhye (Russian: Запорожье), until 1921 known as Aleksandrovsk or Oleksandrivsk,[note 2] is a city in southeast Ukraine, situated on the banks of the Dnieper River. It is the administrative centre of Zaporizhzhia Oblast.[4] Zaporizhzhia has a population of 710,052 (2022 est.)[5]
Zaporizhzhia is known for the historic island of Khortytsia, multiple power stations and for being an important industrial centre. Steel, aluminium, aircraft engines, automobiles, transformers for substations, and other heavy industrial goods are produced in the region.
Names and etymology
The name Zaporizhzhia refers to the position of the city: «beyond the rapids»—downstream or south of the Dnieper Rapids. These were previously an impediment to navigation and the site of important portages. In 1932, the rapids were flooded to become part of the reservoir of the Dnieper Hydroelectric Station.[6]
Before 1921, the city was called Aleksandrovsk (or Oleksandrivsk), named after the original fortress that formed a part of the Dnieper Defence Line [ru] of the Russian Empire.
History
Zaporizhzhia was founded in 1770, when the Aleksandrovskaya (Александровская) Fortress was built as a part of the Dnieper Defence Line, to protect the southern territories of the Russian Empire from Crimean Tatar invasions.[7] Following the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca in 1775, the southern lands of the Russian Plain and the Crimean peninsula were absorbed into the Russian Empire. The Aleksandrovskaya Fortress then lost its military significance, and became a small rural town, which from 1806 to around 1930 was called Alexandrovsk.[6]
The opening of the Kichkas Bridge at the start of 20th century, the first rail crossing of the Dnieper, was followed the industrial growth of Zaporizhzhia .[8] In 1916, during World War I, the DEKA Stock Association transferred its aircraft engine manufacturing plant from Saint Petersburg to Zaporizhzhia.[9]
During the Russian Civil War (1918–1921), Zaporizhzhia was the scene of fierce fighting between the Red Army and the White armies of Denikin and Wrangel, Petliura’s Ukrainian People’s Army of the Ukrainian People’s Republic, and German-Austrian troops. The opposing armies used the strategically important Kichkas Bridge to transfer troops, ammunition, and medical supplies. The Soviet government industrialized Zaporizhzhia still further during the 1920s and 1930s, when the Dnieper Hydroelectric Station, and the Zaporizhzhia Steel Plant, and the Dnieper Aluminium Plant were built.[10][11][12][13] In the 1930s, the American United Engineering and Foundry Company built a strip mill similar to the Ford River Rouge steel mill to produce rolling steel strip. The annual capacity of the mill reached 540,000 tonnes (600,000 short tons) of 170 cm (66 inches) wide steel.[14]
World War II (1941–1945)
After the outbreak of the War between the USSR and Nazi Germany in June 1941, the Soviet government began evacuating Zaporizhzhia’s industries to Siberia.[15] and the Soviet security forces began shooting political prisoners in the city.[16] On 18 August 1941, elements of the German 1st Panzergruppe reached the outskirts of Zaporizhzhia on the right bank and seized the island of Khortytsia.[17]
The Red Army blew a 120 by 10 metres (394 ft × 33 ft) hole in the Dnieper hydroelectric dam on 18 August 1941, producing a flood wave that swept from Zaporizhzhia to Nikopol.[15] The flood killed local residents as well as soldiers from both armies, with historians estimating the death toll to be between 20,000 and 100,000.[18] Despite reinforcements, Zaporizhzhia was taken on 3 October 1941.[19] The German occupation lasted two years; during which the Germans shot over 35,000 people and sent 58,000 people to Germany as forced labourers.[15]
The Germans reformed Army Group South in February 1943, and put its headquarters in Zaporizhzhia.[20] Adolf Hitler visited the headquarters in February1943, and again the following month, where he was briefed by Field Marshal Eric von Manstein and his air force counterpart Field Marshal Wolfram Freiherr von Richthofen, and in September 1943,[21] the month the Army Group moved its headquarters to Kirovograd).[22]
In August 1943, the Germans built the Panther-Wotan defence line along the Dnieper from Kyiv to Crimea. They retreated back to this line in September 1943, holding the city as a bridgehead over the Dnieper with elements of 40th Panzer and 17th Corps.[23] The Soviet Southwestern Front, commanded by Army General Rodion Malinovsky, attacked Zaporizhzhia on 10 October 1943.[23] The defenders repelled these attacks, but the Red Army launched a surprise night attack on 13 October, which succeeded in reclaiming most parts of the city.[24]
1991–present
Modern Zaporizhzhia (2015)
In 2004, to alleviate congestion around the Zaporizhzhia Arch Bridge area, construction began on the New Zaporizhzhia Dniper Bridge, although construction was halted soon after it began, due to a lack of funding.[25]
During the 2014 Euromaidan regional state administration occupations, during protests against President Viktor Yanukovych,[26] Zaporizhzhia’s regional state administration building was occupied by 4,500 protesters,[27] and there were clashes between Ukrainian and pro-Russian activists in April 2014.[28]
On 19 May 2016, the Verkhovna Rada approved the «Decommunisation Law».[29] Since the introduction of the law, the city council renamed over 50 streets and administrative areas of the city,[note 3] monuments of the Soviet Union leaders]] Lenin and Felix Dzerzhinsky have been destroyed,[30][31] and names honouring Soviet leaders in the titles of industrial plants, factories, culture centres, and the DniproHES have been removed.[32]
Russian invasion (2022)
Russian forces have been engaged in ongoing attacks on Zaporizhzhia since the beginning of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. On 27 February, fighting was reported in the southern outskirts,[33] and Russian forces began shelling the city later that evening.[34] On 3 March, Russian forces approached the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant, raising concerns about a potential nuclear meltdown.[35][36] Russian military forces fired missiles on Zaporizhzhia on the evening of 12/13 May.[37]
On 30 September, hours before Russia formally annexed Southern and Eastern Ukraine, the Russian Armed Forces launched S-300 missiles at a civilian convoy in Zaporizhzhia, killing at least 30 people.[38] On 9 October, Russian forces launched rockets at residential buildings, killing at least 17 people.[39]
Geography
Zaporizhzhia is located in south-eastern Ukraine. The Dnieper splits the city in two; between them is Khortytsia Island. The city covers 334 km2 (129 sq mi) at an elevation of 50 m (160 ft) above sea level.[40] The New and Old Dnieper flow past around Khortytsia: The New Dnieper [uk] is about 800 m (2,600 feet) wide while the Old Dnieper [uk] is about 200 m (660 feet) wide. The island has 12 km × 2 km (7.5 mi × 1.2 mi) sizes. Smaller rivers in the city also enter the Dnieper: Sukha [uk] and Mokra Moskovka [uk], Kushuhum [uk], and Verkhnia Khortytsia [uk].
The flora of Khortytsia is unique and diverse, due to the dry steppe air and a large freshwater basin, which cleans the air polluted by industry. The island is a national park. The ground surface is cut by large ravines («balka«), hiking routes and historical monuments. The island, which is a popular recreational area, hassanatoriums, resorts, health centres, and sandy beaches.[41]
Climate
| Climate data for Zaporizhzhia (1991–2020, extremes 1959–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 12.2 (54.0) |
17.1 (62.8) |
24.0 (75.2) |
31.4 (88.5) |
35.9 (96.6) |
36.5 (97.7) |
39.5 (103.1) |
40.2 (104.4) |
35.9 (96.6) |
35.0 (95.0) |
20.9 (69.6) |
16.0 (60.8) |
40.2 (104.4) |
| Average high °C (°F) | −0.3 (31.5) |
1.2 (34.2) |
7.5 (45.5) |
16.1 (61.0) |
22.6 (72.7) |
26.6 (79.9) |
29.3 (84.7) |
29.0 (84.2) |
22.7 (72.9) |
14.7 (58.5) |
6.5 (43.7) |
1.3 (34.3) |
14.8 (58.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −3.1 (26.4) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
3.0 (37.4) |
10.5 (50.9) |
16.7 (62.1) |
20.9 (69.6) |
23.2 (73.8) |
22.6 (72.7) |
16.7 (62.1) |
9.7 (49.5) |
3.1 (37.6) |
−1.3 (29.7) |
10.0 (50.0) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −5.8 (21.6) |
−5.3 (22.5) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
5.0 (41.0) |
10.9 (51.6) |
15.2 (59.4) |
17.1 (62.8) |
16.4 (61.5) |
11.3 (52.3) |
5.5 (41.9) |
0.2 (32.4) |
−3.8 (25.2) |
5.5 (41.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −29.3 (−20.7) |
−26.1 (−15.0) |
−25 (−13) |
−8.2 (17.2) |
−2 (28) |
3.9 (39.0) |
8.2 (46.8) |
3.9 (39.0) |
−3 (27) |
−8.9 (16.0) |
−18.6 (−1.5) |
−26.2 (−15.2) |
−29.3 (−20.7) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 39 (1.5) |
32 (1.3) |
37 (1.5) |
41 (1.6) |
51 (2.0) |
61 (2.4) |
45 (1.8) |
44 (1.7) |
38 (1.5) |
34 (1.3) |
40 (1.6) |
53 (2.1) |
515 (20.3) |
| Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) | 7 (2.8) |
8 (3.1) |
4 (1.6) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
1 (0.4) |
3 (1.2) |
8 (3.1) |
| Average rainy days | 10 | 8 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 10 | 8 | 10 | 11 | 13 | 11 | 130 |
| Average snowy days | 14 | 14 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 13 | 58 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 85.2 | 82.4 | 77.6 | 67.2 | 63.1 | 66.0 | 63.6 | 62.1 | 68.5 | 75.5 | 84.3 | 86.1 | 73.5 |
| Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net[42] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: World Meteorological Organization (humidity 1981–2010)[43] |
Governance
Zaporizhzhia is the main city of Zaporizhzhia Oblast with a form of self-rule within the oblast. The city is divided into 7 administrative raions.
|
The population of the districts of the city of Zaporizhia as of November 1 2015:[44]
|
|
Demographics
City population
The city population has been declining since the first years of the state independence. In 2014–2015 the rate of the population decrease was −0.56%/year.[45]
In January 2017, the population was 750,685.[46]
The total reduction of the population of the city since independence has been around 146,000 (not including 2017–2018).
|
|
|
Ethnic structure
According to the 2001 census,[69] 70.28% of the population of Zaporizhzhia (total population 815,300) were Ukrainians, 25.39% were Russians, 0.67% were Belorussians, 0.44% were Bulgarians, 0.42% were Jews, 0.38% were Georgians, 0.38% were Armenians, 0.27% were Tatar, 0.15% were Azeris, 0.11% were Roma (Gypsies), 0.1% were Poles, 0.09% were Germans, 0.09% were Moldovans, and 0.07% were Greeks.
Language
Ukrainian is used for official government business. The native language of people living in Zaporizhzhia, according to censuses in Ukraine (by percent):
| Language | 1897[70] | 1926[71] | 1989[72] | 2001[73] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ukrainian | 43.0 | 33.8 | 41.3 | 41.6 |
| Russian | 24.8 | 52.2 | 57.0 | 56.8 |
| Yiddish | 27.8 | 9.7 | 0.1 |
Religion
The following religious denominations are present in Zaporizhzhia:[74]
- Christianity
- Orthodoxy
Holy Protection Cathedral
Most of the citizens are Orthodox Christians of Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate) or Orthodox Church of Ukraine. Among the Orthodox churches the Church of the Intercession [uk], which is under the Moscow Patriarchate, is most popular. There are also St. Nicholas Church and St. Andrew’s Cathedral in the city.
- Protestantism
Protestantism is represented by:
- All-Ukrainian Union of Christians of Evangelical Faith;
- Seventh-day Adventist Church;
- Full Gospel Church.
- Catholicism
Catholicism is represented by:
- Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church;
- The Roman Catholic Church.[75]
The biggest Catholic church is Church of God, the Father of Mercy
- Judaism
Orthodox Judaism is represented by one union and six communities.
- Islam
In the Zaporizhzhia district there are five communities which are part of the Spiritual Administration of Muslims of Ukraine and four independent Muslim communities.
- Hinduism
The city hosts a branch of the Vedic Academy.
Economy
Industry
Zaporizhzhia is an important industrial centre of Ukraine, the country’s main car manufacturing company, the Motor-Sich world-famous aircraft engine manufacturer. Well supplied with electricity, Zaporizhzhia forms, together with the adjoining Donets Basin (Donbas) and the Nikopol manganese and Kryvyi Rih iron mines, one of Ukraine’s leading industrial complexes.
The city is a home of Ukraine’s main automobile production centre, which is based at the Zaporizhzhia Automobile Factory (ZAZ), producing Ukrainian car brands such as Zaporozhets and Tavria.
After the end of the Russian Revolution, the city became an important industrial centre. The presence of cheap labor and the proximity of deposits of coal, iron ore, and manganese created favorable conditions for large-scale enterprises of the iron and mechanical engineering industries. Today Zaporizhzhia is an important industrial centre of the region with heavy industry (particularly metallurgy), aluminium, and chemical industry. Cars, avia motors and radioelectronics are manufactured in the city. The port of Zaporizhzhia is important for transshipment for goods from the Donbas.
Zaporizhstal, Ukraine’s fourth largest steel maker, and ranking 54th in the world, is based in the city.
Electricity generation
Zaporizhzhia is a large electricity generating hub. There are hydroelectric power plant known as «DniproHES» Dnieper Hydroelectric Station and the largest nuclear power plant in Europe. Prior to the 2022 invasion, the plants generated about 25% of the Ukrainian electricity supply. Located near the Enerhodar and about 60 km (37 miles) from Zaporizhzhia is the Zaporizhzhia Thermal Power Station and the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant, the largest nuclear power plant in Europe.
Culture
Magara Academic Drama Theatre
Zaporizhzhia has an orchestra, museums, theatres, and libraries. These include the Magara Academic Drama Theatre, the Municipal Theatre Lab «VIE», the Theatre for Young-Age spectators, the Theatre of Horse Riding «Zaporizhzhian Cossacks», the Zaporizhzhia Regional Museum, the National Museum of the History of the Zaporizhzhian Cossacks, the Zaporizhzhia Regional Art Museum, the Motor Sich Aviation Museum, and the Zaporizhzhia Region Universal Scientific Library.
There are a number of small amateur groups of folk music bands, art galleries in Zaporizhzhia. The city regularly holds festivals, Cossack martial arts competitions, and art exhibitions.
Zaporizhzhia has an open-air exhibition-and-sale of Zaporizhzhia city association of artists «Kolorit» near the ‘Fountain of Life’ at the Mayakovskoho square [uk]. A daily exhibition of artists’ organizations of the city is a unique place in Zaporizhzhia, where people can meet craftsmen and artists, watch carving, embroidery, beading classes, and receive advice from professional artists and designers.
Main sights
The historical and cultural museum «Zaporizka Sich» is placed on the northern rocky part of Khotritsa Island. The museum is a reconstruction of the stronghold of the Zaporizhzhian Cossacks, and contains features of the military camp life and their lifestyle.
Each of the smaller islands are located between the dam and the island Khortytsia has its own legend. On one of them, Durnya Scala («Rock of the Fool»), Tzar Peter the Great flogged the Cossacks for their betrayal the Russians during the Great Northern War between Russia and Sweden. Another small island, Stolb («Pillar»), has a geological feature, which looks like a large bowl in granite slabs, the Cossack’s Bowl. It is said that in summer days, water can be boiled in this «bowl», and the Cossacks used it for cooking galushki (boiled dough in a spicy broth).[76]
Transport links
Zaporizhzhia is an important transportation hub in Ukraine that includes roads, as well as rail, river and air links for passenger and freight transport. Zaporizhzhia International Airport, located to the east of the city on the left-bank of the Dnieper, serves domestic and international flights. Shyroke Airfield is to the west of the city on the right-bank of the Dnieper.
Zaporizhzhia is bypassed beyond its eastern outskirts by a major national highway M18, which connects Kharkiv with Simferopol. The H08, which starts just outside Kyiv and travels southeast along the Dnieper through Kremenchuk, Kamianske, Dnipro, passes through Zaporizhzhia on to Mariupol. The H15 from Donetsk and the H23 [de] from Kropyvnytskyi via Kryvyi Rih, both end in Zaporizhzhia.
There are four road bridges and two rail bridges over the Dnieper, nearly all of which bridges cross Khortytsia Island. President Volodymyr Zelenskyy opened the first stage of the New Zaporizhzhia Dniper Bridge early in 2022, .
The city has two rail stations, Zaporizhzhia-the-First and Zaporizhzhia-the-Second. The First is the central station, located in the southern part of the city and is a part of Simferopol-Kharkiv, the «north-south» transit route. The line of the Zaporizhzhia-the-Second station connects the Donbas coalfield with Kryvyi Rih.
The city’s two river ports are part of the national water transportation infrastructure that connects Kyiv to Kherson along the Dnieper. Freight ships and cutter boats travel between Zaporizhzhia and nearby villages. The island of Khortytsia splits the Dnieper into two; the main channel passes the island on its eastern side, with the Staryi Dnipro (Old Dnieper) flowing past the island on the western side.
Notable people
- Alyosha (born 1986), Ukrainian singer, stage name of Olena Oleksandrivna Kucher
- Vasiliy Bebko, (1932-2022), Russian diplomat
- Tamara Bulat (1933-2004), Ukrainian-American musicologist
- Victoria Bulitko (born 1983), a Ukrainian film, TV and theatre actress.
- Evgeniy Chernyak (born 1969), Ukrainian businessman
- Evgeniy Chuikov (1924-2000) Ukrainian landscape painter working in the Russian realist and French Impressionist traditions.
- Volodymyr Dakhno (1932-2006) Ukrainian animator and animation film director.
- Valentyna Danishevska (born 1957), Ukrainian lawyer and judge
- Gerhard Ens (1863–1952), farmer, immigration agent and politician in Saskatchewan
- Igor Fesunenko (1933-2016), Russian journalist and foreign affairs writer
- Sergey Glazyev (born 1961), Russian politician and economist
- Alina Gorlova (born 1992), a Ukrainian filmmaker, director, and screenwriter
- Konstantin Grigorishin (born 1965), a Russian-Ukrainian businessman and billionaire.
- Volodymyr Horbulin (born 1939), Ukrainian politician
- Valeriy Ivaschenko (born 1956), Ukrainian former Deputy Minister of Defence
- Boris Ivchenko, (1941-1990) Ukrainian actor and film director
- Igor P. Kaidashev (born 1969), Ukrainian immunologist and allergist
- Valeriy Kostyuk (born 1940), Russian scientist
- Maxim Ksenzov (born 1973), Russian statesman
- Valery Kulikov (born 1956), Ukrainian-born Russian politician
- Gosha Kutsenko (born 1967), Russian actor, producer, singer, poet and screenwriter
- Valentyn Nalyvaichenko (born 1966), Ukrainian diplomat and politician.
- Eva Neymann (born 1974), Ukrainian film director
- Maria Nikiforova (1885–1919), revolutionary insurgent and Anarchist partisan leader.
- Anna October (born 1991), Ukrainian fashion designer
- Aleksandr Panayotov (born 1984), Russian-Ukrainian singer and songwriter
- Mykhailo Papiyev (born 1960), Ukrainian engineer and politician
- Oleksandr Peklushenko, (1954-2015) Ukrainian politician
- Max Polyakov (born 1977), an international technology entrepreneur, economist and philanthropist
- Georgy Shchokin (born 1954), businessman, sociologist, psychologist and politician
- Boris Shtein, (1892–1961) Soviet diplomat
- Oleksandr Sin (born 1961), Ukrainian politician former mayor of Zaporizhzhia
- Serhiy Sobolyev (born 1961), Ukrainian politician
- Yanina Sokolova (born 1984) a journalist, TV presenter and actress.
- Naum Sorkin, (1899–1980) a Soviet military officer and diplomat.
- Oleksandr Starukh (born 1973), Ukrainian historian and politician
- Liudmyla Suprun (born 1965), a Ukrainian politician
- Yevhen Synelnykov (born 1981), a Ukrainian TV presenter, director and actor
- Estas Tonne (born 1975), a musician, plays guitar and flute
- Vladyslav Yama (born 1982), a Ukrainian dancer and educator
Sport
- Polina Astakhova (1936–2005) an artistic gymnast; won ten medals at the 1956, 1960 and 1964 Summer Olympics.
- Anastasia Bliznyuk (born 1994), a Russian group rhythmic gymnast.
- Maksym Dolhov (born 1996), Ukrainian diver
- Tanja Logwin (born 1974), Ukrainian-born Austrian handball player
- Alina Maksymenko (born 1991), Ukrainian rhythmic gymnast
- Oleksii Pashkov (born 1981), silver medallist in the discus at the 2012 Summer Paralympics
- Volodymyr Polikarpenko (born 1972), Ukrainian former trialthon athlete
- Yakiv Punkin (1921–1994) wrestler, gold medallist at the 1952 Summer Olympics.
- Oksana Skaldina (born 1972) gymnast; bronze medallist at the 1992 Summer Olympics
- Ganna Sorokina (born 1976) diver; team bronze medallist at the 2000 Summer Olympics
- Olga Strazheva (born 1972) gymnast; team gold medallist at the 1988 Summer Olympics
- Vita Styopina (born 1976) high jumper; bronze medallist at the 2004 Summer Olympics
- Denys Sylantyev (born 1976) politician and swimmer; four time Olympian, silver medallist at the 2000 Summer Olympics and national flag bearer at the 2004 Summer Olympics.
- Razmik Tonoyan (born 1988), Ukrainian sambist, (a Soviet-origin Russian martial art)
- Roman Volod’kov (born 1973), Ukrainian former diver
- Sergiusz Wołczaniecki (born 1964) a Polish weightlifter; bronze medallist at the 1992 Summer Olympics
- Olena Zhupina (born 1973), Ukrainian diver
In popular culture
Zaporizhzhia is a setting in two Axis victory in World War II short novels by the American author Harry Turtledove, Ready for the Fatherland (1991) and The Phantom Tolbukhin (1998).
Twin towns – sister cities
Zaporizhzhia is twinned with:[77]
In 1969, the city renamed one of its streets after the city of Wrocław. The Wrocław authorities reciprocated, and a part of the Sudecka – Grabiszyńska Street towards the Square of the Silesian Insurgents was renamed Zaporoska Street.[78]
See also
- Zaporizhzhia Ferroalloy Plant
- Zaporizhzhia Foundry and Mechanical Plant
Notes
- ^ Also spelled as Zaporizhzhya or Zaporizhia
- ^ Russian: Александровск; Ukrainian: Олександрівськ
- ^ Since modern Zaporizhiazhia was greatly enlarged in the Soviet Union, many typography in the city had to be renamed. In the year of the fall of the Russian Empire (1917), the population of Alexandrovsk was about 60,000 people. In the year of Ukraine’s declaration of independence (1991), the city’s population reached almost 1 million people.
References
- ^ (in Ukrainian) The mayor of Zaporozhye was fired, Ukrayinska Pravda (30 September 2021)
- ^ a b The size and composition of the population of Zaporizhzhia region up to the Ukrainian population census 2001 (Численность и состав населения Запорожской области по итогам Всеукраинской переписи населения 2001 года). (in Russian)
- ^ «Про затвердження транслітерації написання географічної назви міста Запоріжжя латиницею. Рішення виконавчого комітету №476». Zaporizhzhia city council. Executive committee. 28 August 2017.
- ^ (in Ukrainian) [1]
- ^ Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 [Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine.
- ^ a b Pospelov, pp. 25–26
- ^ Я. П. Новицкий. История города Александровска, (Екатеринославской губ.) в связи с историей возникновения крепостей Днепровской линии 1770–1806 г. – Екатеринослав: Типография Губернского Земства, 1905. – 176 с. (in Russian)
- ^ The bridges of Zaporizhzhia (Мосты Запорожья), by L. Adelberg (Адельберг Л), pub RA Tandem st, Zaporizhzhia, 2005. (in Russian)
- ^ a b c d e f g Official Portal Zaporizhzhia city authorities, History (Офіційний портал, Запорізької міської влади, Історія міста) Archived 21 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine, accessed 11 April 2011. (in Ukrainian)
- ^ «Sovetskai︠a︡ arkhitektura». Искусство. 27 October 1969 – via Google Books.
- ^ New world review, p40
- ^ Меерович М. Г. Соцгород – базовое понятие советской градостроительной теории первых пятилеток Archived 28 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ «История Запорожья». photoalbum.zp.ua.
- ^ The Soviet economy and the Red Army, 1930–1945, by Walter Scott Dunn, Greenwood Publishing Group, 1995 ISBN 0-275-94893-5, page 13.
- ^ a b c The Great Patriotic War on the territory of Zaporizhzhia (Великая Отечественная война на территории Запорожья) (in Russian)
- ^ Germany and the Second World War, Volume IV The Attack on the Soviet Union, by Horst Boog, Jürgen Förster, Joachim Hoffmann, Ernst Klink, Rolf-Dieter Müller, Gerd R. Ueberschär, pub Clarendon Press, 1998, ISBN 0-19-822886-4, p 909.
- ^ «The Eastern Front, Timeline 1941». Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 18 April 2011.
- ^ Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty, Ukrainian Activists Draw Attention To Little-Known WWII Tragedy , by Dmytro Moroz and Claire Bigg, 23 August 2013.
- ^ Germany and the Second World War, Volume IV The Attack on the Soviet Union, p 607 says that Zaporizhzhia was captured on 1 October 1941.
- ^ Lost Victories, by Field Marshal Eric von Manstein, translated by Anthony G Powell, pdf version p267-270.
- ^ Lost Victories, by Field Marshal Eric von Manstein, pdf version p290-2.
- ^ Lost Victories, by Field Marshal Eric von Manstein, says that the Germans finished repairing the railway bridge only a few months before they lost the city in October 1943.
- ^ a b «The Eastern Front, Timeline 1943». Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 18 April 2011.
- ^ Moscow-Stalingrad-Berlin-Prague, Memories of Army Commander («Москва-Сталінград-Берлін-Прага». Записки командарма), by Dmitri Danilovich Lelyushenko (Лелюшенко Дмитро Данилович), pub Nauka, Moscow, 1987, chapter 4.
- ^ Почему мосты строят по 14 лет – и что говорит Укравтодор
- ^ Buckley, Neil (26 January 2014). «Ukraine protests spread to Yanukovich heartland». Financial Times.
- ^ «В Запорожье участники Майдана опечатали кабинеты руководства Запорожской ОГА : Новости УНИАН». Ukrainian Independent Information Agency. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
- ^ Ukraine Tensions Escalate as Russia, U.S. Exchange Barbs Archived 15 September 2014 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Poroshenko signed the laws about decommunization. Ukrayinska Pravda. 15 May 2015
Poroshenko signs laws on denouncing Communist, Nazi regimes, Interfax-Ukraine. 15 May 20
Goodbye, Lenin: Ukraine moves to ban communist symbols, BBC News (14 April 2015) - ^ Vitaly Shevchenko (1 June 2016), In pictures: Ukraine removes communist-era symbols, BBC News
- ^ Полный перечень переименованных в Запорожье улиц
- ^ (in Ukrainian) In Zaporizhzhia began to «dekomunize» DniproGES, Radio Free Europe (4 April 2016)
- ^ «Техніка росіян зайшла до Бердянська, в Запоріжжі зброю дають усім готовим захищати обласний центр». Радіо Свобода (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 27 February 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
- ^ «Жителів Запоріжжя просять не покидати укриття: Обстрілюють аеродром – новини Запоріжжя». www.depo.ua (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 27 February 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
- ^ «Video analysis reveals Russian attack on Ukrainian nuclear plant veered near disaster». NPR. 11 March 2022. Retrieved 1 April 2022.
- ^ «Update 1-Ukraine nuclear power plant Zaporizhzhia on fire, town mayor says». Reuters. 4 March 2022. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
- ^ «Invaders fire missiles on Zaporizhzhia, Sumy region at night».
- ^ «Ukraine war: Survivors speak of horror as Zaporizhzhia convoy hit». BBC News. 30 September 2022. Retrieved 30 September 2022.
- ^ «At least 17 are killed in Zaporizhzhia». The New York Times. 9 October 2022. Archived from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 9 October 2022.
- ^ «Паспорт города Запорожье». photoalbum.zp.ua.
- ^ «The interactive map of island of Khortitsa (Russian)». Archived from the original on 2 July 2011. Retrieved 2 July 2011.
- ^
ПОГОДА в Запорожье (in Russian). Погода и климат. Archived from the original on 13 December 2019. Retrieved 8 November 2021.. Snow days have been taken to mean days on which it snowed, not days with snow cover on the ground. - ^ «World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981–2010». World Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 17 July 2021. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
- ^ Головне управління статистики в Запорізькій області — Чисельність населення м. Запоріжжя Archived 13 February 2019 at the Wayback Machine
на 1 листопада 2015 року] - ^ «Zaporizhzhia · Population». population.city.
- ^ «Держстат України» (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2018.
- ^ a b c d e Natalia Ostasheva Venger (2003). «The Mennonite Industrial Dynasties in Alexandrovsk». Journal of Mennonite Studies. Vol. V21. Dnepropetrovsk National University. pp. 89–110.
- ^ Collection of scientific works of graduate students (Збiрник наукових праць аспірантів), by T H Shevchenka, pub Vyd-vo Kyïvsʹkoho University, 1963, p87 gives the 1861 population as 3,729. (in Ukrainian)
- ^ Ripley, George; Dana, Charles A. (Charles Anderson) (27 October 1879). «The American cyclopaedia: a popular dictionary of general knowledge. Edited by George Ripley and Charles A. Dana». New York D. Appleton – via Internet Archive.
- ^ Brockhaus and Efron’s Encyclopedia (Энциклопедический Словарь Ф.А.Брокгауза и И.А.Ефрона), edited by Professor IE Andreevskago, and K. Arseniev, pub FA Brockhaus (Leipzig) and IA Efron (St Petersburg), 1890–1907, entry for Aleksandrovsk in Yekaterinoslavskaya province (Александровск, уездный город Екатеринославской губернии). (in Russian)
- ^ Universal Calendar for 1898 (Всеобщий календарь на 1898 год), pub Hermann Hoppe (St Petersburg), 1898, p217 List of the populated areas of the Russian Empire, Abakan – Alekseevskoe (Роспись населённых местностей Российской империи, Абаканское – Алексеевское). (in Russian)
- ^ Large Encyclopedia (Большая Знциклопедія) Volume I, pub Prosveshechenie (St Petersburg), 1903, p323. pdf version (in Russian)
- ^ Russian Calendar for 1906 (Русский календарь на 1906 г.), pub A. Suvorina (St Petersburg), 1906, p108 List of the populated areas of the Russian Empire, Abbas-Tuman – Belev (Список городов и других населённых пунктов Российской империи, Аббас-Туман – Белев). (in Russian)
- ^ a b Ukrainian SSR (Украинская ССР), pub Economic Institute of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, 1958, p87.
- ^ Sergina V. «City Z:1921-199», film «Year 1926» Сергина В. Город Z: 1921–1991 (Невыдуманные истории): Исторически–познавательный ТВ проект для любой зрительской аудитории. – К., 2005. – 1 компакт – диск. Фильм «Год 1926»
- ^ Economic geography of the USSR by S S Balźak, V F Vasyutin, Ya G Feigin, pub Macmillan, 1956.
- ^ a b Half a century classified as ‘Secret’: All-Union census in 1937 (Полвека под грифом ‘секретно’: Всесоюзная перепись населения 1937 года) Archived 25 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine, by Valentina B Zhiromskaya, I Kiselev, Yu A Polyakov, pub Nauka, 1996. This gives the 1926 population as 55,295.(DJV-ZIP – requires DjVu viewer software) (in Russian)
- ^ a b The emergency evacuation of cities: a cross-national historical and geographical study, by Wilbur Zelinsky, Leszek A. Kosiński, pub Rowman & Littlefield, 1991, ISBN 0-8476-7673-0.
- ^ a b c The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (Большая Советская Энциклопедия), entry for Zaporizhzhia – Zaporizhzhia oblast centre (Запорожье – центр Запорізької обл.), 3rd edition, pub 1969 to 1978. (in Russian)
- ^ Sergina V. «City Z:1921-199», film «Year 1942» (Сергина В. Город Z: 1921–1991 (Невыдуманные истории): Исторически–познавательный ТВ проект для любой зрительской аудитории. – К., 2005.- 1 компакт – диск. Фильм «Год 1942») said the population for 1942 was 103,400.
- ^ The Ukrainian quarterly, Volumes 26–27, pub Ukrainian Congress Committee of America, 1970, p223.
- ^ The population of the USSR: According to the Proc. Census 1979 (Население СССР: По данным Всесоюзной переписи населения 1979 г.), pub Politizdat (Moscow), 1980 – table: USSR, the Soviet population in 1979, cities with a population of 100 thousand and more people (СССР, население СССР на 1979 год, Население союзных и автономных республик). (in Russian)
- ^ www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie L’Encyclopédie en ligne entry for Zaporojie. (in French)
- ^ Rand McNally atlas of world geography, pub Rand McNally Company, 1996, p38.
- ^ Population on 1 August 2010 (Чисельність населення на 1 серпня 2010 року), press release No 1377 issued by the State Department of Statistics in the Zaporizhzhia oblast (Держкомстат. Головне управління статистики у Запорізькій області), 16 September 2010[dead link]. (in Ukrainian)
- ^ Population on 1 March 2011 (Чисельність населення на 1 березня 2011 року), press release No 1163 issued by the State Department of Statistics in the Zaporizhzhia oblast (Держкомстат. Головне управління статистики у Запорізькій області), 18 April 2011. (in Ukrainian)
- ^ [2][permanent dead link]
- ^ «ЧИСЕЛЬНІСТЬ НАЯВНОГО НАСЕЛЕННЯ УКРАЇНИ» (PDF) (in Ukrainian). 1 January 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2018.
- ^ Лозовой Н. (17 January 2011). «Этнические войны: украинская версия». Истеблишмент. Archived from the original on 15 August 2011.
- ^ «Demoskop Weekly: Prilozhenie. Spravochnik statisticheskikh pokazateleĭ» Демоскоп Weekly — Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей. [Demoscope Weekly: appendix. Digest of statistical indicators.]. www.demoscope.ru. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
- ^ Vsesoi͡uznai͡a perepisʹ naselenii͡a 1926 goda Всесоюзная перепись населения 1926 года [All-union census of population 1926]. Moscow: Издание ЦСУ Союза ССР. 1928–29.
- ^ Romant͡sov, V. O. «Населення України і його рідна мова за часів радянської влади та незалежності» Naselenni͡a Ukraïny i ĭoho ridna mova za chasiv radi͡ansʹkoï vlady ta nezalez͡hnosti [The population of Ukraine and its native language in the periods of the Soviet régime and independence]. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
- ^ «Vseukraïnsʹkyĭ perepys naselenni͡a 2001 roku: Rozpodil naselenni͡a za ridnoi͡u movoi͡u, Zaporizʹka oblastʹ» Всеукраїнський перепис населення 2001 року. Розподіл населення за рідною мовою, Запорізька область [All-Ukrainian census of population 2001: Distribution of population by native language, Zaporizka oblast.]. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2021.
- ^ «Религиозная карта области». Остров Свободы (in Russian). Archived from the original on 17 June 2008. Retrieved 17 April 2011.
- ^ Helena Krasowska,The Polish Minority in South-Eastern Ukraine, pub Institute of Slavic Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, 2017, ISBN 978-83-64031-65-6, p. 50-52.
- ^ Galina and Maxim Ostapenko, History of our Khortytsia (Галина и Максим Остапенко История нашей Хортицы) Archived 31 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ «Города-побратимы». zp.gov.ua (in Russian). Zaporizhia. Retrieved 10 December 2022.
- ^ «Wrocław, ul. Zaporoska – Dolny.Slask.org.pl». Archived from the original on 29 September 2011. Retrieved 29 July 2011.
Sources
- Е. М. Поспелов (Ye. M. Pospelov). «Имена городов: вчера и сегодня (1917–1992). Топонимический словарь.» (City Names: Yesterday and Today (1917–1992). Toponymic Dictionary.» Москва, «Русские словари», 1993.
External links
Look up Zaporizhia in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
- Official portal of Zaporizhzhia City (in Ukrainian)
- One of the portals of Zaporizhzhia City (in Russian)
- Another one of the portals of Zaporizhzhia City (in Russian)
- Zaporizhzhia seven ways to adventure
- One of the few external reports on the city in English is the BBC report «Ukraine: Why the Orange Revolution ran out of steam», Daniel Sandford, Moscow correspondent, BBC News 10 March 2011.
|
Zaporizhzhia Запоріжжя |
|
|---|---|
|
City |
|
|
From top to bottom and left to right:
|
|
|
Flag
Coat of arms |
|
|
Zaporizhzhia
Zaporizhzhia |
|
| Coordinates: 47°51′00″N 35°07′03″E / 47.85000°N 35.11750°ECoordinates: 47°51′00″N 35°07′03″E / 47.85000°N 35.11750°E | |
| Country | Ukraine |
| Oblast | Zaporizhzhia Oblast |
| Founded | 952 |
| City rights | 1806 |
| Raions |
7
|
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Anatolii Kurtiev (acting Mayor since 30 September 2021)[1] |
| Area | |
| • Total | 334 km2 (129 sq mi) |
| Population
(2022) |
|
| • Total | 710,052 |
| • Density | 1,365.2/km2 (3,536/sq mi) |
| • 2001[2] | 817,900 |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
| Postal code |
69xxx |
| Area code | +380 61(2) |
| Climate | Dfa |
Zaporizhzhia[3][note 1] (Ukrainian: Запоріжжя) or Zaporozhye (Russian: Запорожье), until 1921 known as Aleksandrovsk or Oleksandrivsk,[note 2] is a city in southeast Ukraine, situated on the banks of the Dnieper River. It is the administrative centre of Zaporizhzhia Oblast.[4] Zaporizhzhia has a population of 710,052 (2022 est.)[5]
Zaporizhzhia is known for the historic island of Khortytsia, multiple power stations and for being an important industrial centre. Steel, aluminium, aircraft engines, automobiles, transformers for substations, and other heavy industrial goods are produced in the region.
Names and etymology
The name Zaporizhzhia refers to the position of the city: «beyond the rapids»—downstream or south of the Dnieper Rapids. These were previously an impediment to navigation and the site of important portages. In 1932, the rapids were flooded to become part of the reservoir of the Dnieper Hydroelectric Station.[6]
Before 1921, the city was called Aleksandrovsk (or Oleksandrivsk), named after the original fortress that formed a part of the Dnieper Defence Line [ru] of the Russian Empire.
History
Zaporizhzhia was founded in 1770, when the Aleksandrovskaya (Александровская) Fortress was built as a part of the Dnieper Defence Line, to protect the southern territories of the Russian Empire from Crimean Tatar invasions.[7] Following the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca in 1775, the southern lands of the Russian Plain and the Crimean peninsula were absorbed into the Russian Empire. The Aleksandrovskaya Fortress then lost its military significance, and became a small rural town, which from 1806 to around 1930 was called Alexandrovsk.[6]
The opening of the Kichkas Bridge at the start of 20th century, the first rail crossing of the Dnieper, was followed the industrial growth of Zaporizhzhia .[8] In 1916, during World War I, the DEKA Stock Association transferred its aircraft engine manufacturing plant from Saint Petersburg to Zaporizhzhia.[9]
During the Russian Civil War (1918–1921), Zaporizhzhia was the scene of fierce fighting between the Red Army and the White armies of Denikin and Wrangel, Petliura’s Ukrainian People’s Army of the Ukrainian People’s Republic, and German-Austrian troops. The opposing armies used the strategically important Kichkas Bridge to transfer troops, ammunition, and medical supplies. The Soviet government industrialized Zaporizhzhia still further during the 1920s and 1930s, when the Dnieper Hydroelectric Station, and the Zaporizhzhia Steel Plant, and the Dnieper Aluminium Plant were built.[10][11][12][13] In the 1930s, the American United Engineering and Foundry Company built a strip mill similar to the Ford River Rouge steel mill to produce rolling steel strip. The annual capacity of the mill reached 540,000 tonnes (600,000 short tons) of 170 cm (66 inches) wide steel.[14]
World War II (1941–1945)
After the outbreak of the War between the USSR and Nazi Germany in June 1941, the Soviet government began evacuating Zaporizhzhia’s industries to Siberia.[15] and the Soviet security forces began shooting political prisoners in the city.[16] On 18 August 1941, elements of the German 1st Panzergruppe reached the outskirts of Zaporizhzhia on the right bank and seized the island of Khortytsia.[17]
The Red Army blew a 120 by 10 metres (394 ft × 33 ft) hole in the Dnieper hydroelectric dam on 18 August 1941, producing a flood wave that swept from Zaporizhzhia to Nikopol.[15] The flood killed local residents as well as soldiers from both armies, with historians estimating the death toll to be between 20,000 and 100,000.[18] Despite reinforcements, Zaporizhzhia was taken on 3 October 1941.[19] The German occupation lasted two years; during which the Germans shot over 35,000 people and sent 58,000 people to Germany as forced labourers.[15]
The Germans reformed Army Group South in February 1943, and put its headquarters in Zaporizhzhia.[20] Adolf Hitler visited the headquarters in February1943, and again the following month, where he was briefed by Field Marshal Eric von Manstein and his air force counterpart Field Marshal Wolfram Freiherr von Richthofen, and in September 1943,[21] the month the Army Group moved its headquarters to Kirovograd).[22]
In August 1943, the Germans built the Panther-Wotan defence line along the Dnieper from Kyiv to Crimea. They retreated back to this line in September 1943, holding the city as a bridgehead over the Dnieper with elements of 40th Panzer and 17th Corps.[23] The Soviet Southwestern Front, commanded by Army General Rodion Malinovsky, attacked Zaporizhzhia on 10 October 1943.[23] The defenders repelled these attacks, but the Red Army launched a surprise night attack on 13 October, which succeeded in reclaiming most parts of the city.[24]
1991–present
Modern Zaporizhzhia (2015)
In 2004, to alleviate congestion around the Zaporizhzhia Arch Bridge area, construction began on the New Zaporizhzhia Dniper Bridge, although construction was halted soon after it began, due to a lack of funding.[25]
During the 2014 Euromaidan regional state administration occupations, during protests against President Viktor Yanukovych,[26] Zaporizhzhia’s regional state administration building was occupied by 4,500 protesters,[27] and there were clashes between Ukrainian and pro-Russian activists in April 2014.[28]
On 19 May 2016, the Verkhovna Rada approved the «Decommunisation Law».[29] Since the introduction of the law, the city council renamed over 50 streets and administrative areas of the city,[note 3] monuments of the Soviet Union leaders]] Lenin and Felix Dzerzhinsky have been destroyed,[30][31] and names honouring Soviet leaders in the titles of industrial plants, factories, culture centres, and the DniproHES have been removed.[32]
Russian invasion (2022)
Russian forces have been engaged in ongoing attacks on Zaporizhzhia since the beginning of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. On 27 February, fighting was reported in the southern outskirts,[33] and Russian forces began shelling the city later that evening.[34] On 3 March, Russian forces approached the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant, raising concerns about a potential nuclear meltdown.[35][36] Russian military forces fired missiles on Zaporizhzhia on the evening of 12/13 May.[37]
On 30 September, hours before Russia formally annexed Southern and Eastern Ukraine, the Russian Armed Forces launched S-300 missiles at a civilian convoy in Zaporizhzhia, killing at least 30 people.[38] On 9 October, Russian forces launched rockets at residential buildings, killing at least 17 people.[39]
Geography
Zaporizhzhia is located in south-eastern Ukraine. The Dnieper splits the city in two; between them is Khortytsia Island. The city covers 334 km2 (129 sq mi) at an elevation of 50 m (160 ft) above sea level.[40] The New and Old Dnieper flow past around Khortytsia: The New Dnieper [uk] is about 800 m (2,600 feet) wide while the Old Dnieper [uk] is about 200 m (660 feet) wide. The island has 12 km × 2 km (7.5 mi × 1.2 mi) sizes. Smaller rivers in the city also enter the Dnieper: Sukha [uk] and Mokra Moskovka [uk], Kushuhum [uk], and Verkhnia Khortytsia [uk].
The flora of Khortytsia is unique and diverse, due to the dry steppe air and a large freshwater basin, which cleans the air polluted by industry. The island is a national park. The ground surface is cut by large ravines («balka«), hiking routes and historical monuments. The island, which is a popular recreational area, hassanatoriums, resorts, health centres, and sandy beaches.[41]
Climate
| Climate data for Zaporizhzhia (1991–2020, extremes 1959–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 12.2 (54.0) |
17.1 (62.8) |
24.0 (75.2) |
31.4 (88.5) |
35.9 (96.6) |
36.5 (97.7) |
39.5 (103.1) |
40.2 (104.4) |
35.9 (96.6) |
35.0 (95.0) |
20.9 (69.6) |
16.0 (60.8) |
40.2 (104.4) |
| Average high °C (°F) | −0.3 (31.5) |
1.2 (34.2) |
7.5 (45.5) |
16.1 (61.0) |
22.6 (72.7) |
26.6 (79.9) |
29.3 (84.7) |
29.0 (84.2) |
22.7 (72.9) |
14.7 (58.5) |
6.5 (43.7) |
1.3 (34.3) |
14.8 (58.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −3.1 (26.4) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
3.0 (37.4) |
10.5 (50.9) |
16.7 (62.1) |
20.9 (69.6) |
23.2 (73.8) |
22.6 (72.7) |
16.7 (62.1) |
9.7 (49.5) |
3.1 (37.6) |
−1.3 (29.7) |
10.0 (50.0) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −5.8 (21.6) |
−5.3 (22.5) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
5.0 (41.0) |
10.9 (51.6) |
15.2 (59.4) |
17.1 (62.8) |
16.4 (61.5) |
11.3 (52.3) |
5.5 (41.9) |
0.2 (32.4) |
−3.8 (25.2) |
5.5 (41.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −29.3 (−20.7) |
−26.1 (−15.0) |
−25 (−13) |
−8.2 (17.2) |
−2 (28) |
3.9 (39.0) |
8.2 (46.8) |
3.9 (39.0) |
−3 (27) |
−8.9 (16.0) |
−18.6 (−1.5) |
−26.2 (−15.2) |
−29.3 (−20.7) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 39 (1.5) |
32 (1.3) |
37 (1.5) |
41 (1.6) |
51 (2.0) |
61 (2.4) |
45 (1.8) |
44 (1.7) |
38 (1.5) |
34 (1.3) |
40 (1.6) |
53 (2.1) |
515 (20.3) |
| Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) | 7 (2.8) |
8 (3.1) |
4 (1.6) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
1 (0.4) |
3 (1.2) |
8 (3.1) |
| Average rainy days | 10 | 8 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 10 | 8 | 10 | 11 | 13 | 11 | 130 |
| Average snowy days | 14 | 14 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 13 | 58 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 85.2 | 82.4 | 77.6 | 67.2 | 63.1 | 66.0 | 63.6 | 62.1 | 68.5 | 75.5 | 84.3 | 86.1 | 73.5 |
| Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net[42] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: World Meteorological Organization (humidity 1981–2010)[43] |
Governance
Zaporizhzhia is the main city of Zaporizhzhia Oblast with a form of self-rule within the oblast. The city is divided into 7 administrative raions.
|
The population of the districts of the city of Zaporizhia as of November 1 2015:[44]
|
|
Demographics
City population
The city population has been declining since the first years of the state independence. In 2014–2015 the rate of the population decrease was −0.56%/year.[45]
In January 2017, the population was 750,685.[46]
The total reduction of the population of the city since independence has been around 146,000 (not including 2017–2018).
|
|
|
Ethnic structure
According to the 2001 census,[69] 70.28% of the population of Zaporizhzhia (total population 815,300) were Ukrainians, 25.39% were Russians, 0.67% were Belorussians, 0.44% were Bulgarians, 0.42% were Jews, 0.38% were Georgians, 0.38% were Armenians, 0.27% were Tatar, 0.15% were Azeris, 0.11% were Roma (Gypsies), 0.1% were Poles, 0.09% were Germans, 0.09% were Moldovans, and 0.07% were Greeks.
Language
Ukrainian is used for official government business. The native language of people living in Zaporizhzhia, according to censuses in Ukraine (by percent):
| Language | 1897[70] | 1926[71] | 1989[72] | 2001[73] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ukrainian | 43.0 | 33.8 | 41.3 | 41.6 |
| Russian | 24.8 | 52.2 | 57.0 | 56.8 |
| Yiddish | 27.8 | 9.7 | 0.1 |
Religion
The following religious denominations are present in Zaporizhzhia:[74]
- Christianity
- Orthodoxy
Holy Protection Cathedral
Most of the citizens are Orthodox Christians of Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate) or Orthodox Church of Ukraine. Among the Orthodox churches the Church of the Intercession [uk], which is under the Moscow Patriarchate, is most popular. There are also St. Nicholas Church and St. Andrew’s Cathedral in the city.
- Protestantism
Protestantism is represented by:
- All-Ukrainian Union of Christians of Evangelical Faith;
- Seventh-day Adventist Church;
- Full Gospel Church.
- Catholicism
Catholicism is represented by:
- Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church;
- The Roman Catholic Church.[75]
The biggest Catholic church is Church of God, the Father of Mercy
- Judaism
Orthodox Judaism is represented by one union and six communities.
- Islam
In the Zaporizhzhia district there are five communities which are part of the Spiritual Administration of Muslims of Ukraine and four independent Muslim communities.
- Hinduism
The city hosts a branch of the Vedic Academy.
Economy
Industry
Zaporizhzhia is an important industrial centre of Ukraine, the country’s main car manufacturing company, the Motor-Sich world-famous aircraft engine manufacturer. Well supplied with electricity, Zaporizhzhia forms, together with the adjoining Donets Basin (Donbas) and the Nikopol manganese and Kryvyi Rih iron mines, one of Ukraine’s leading industrial complexes.
The city is a home of Ukraine’s main automobile production centre, which is based at the Zaporizhzhia Automobile Factory (ZAZ), producing Ukrainian car brands such as Zaporozhets and Tavria.
After the end of the Russian Revolution, the city became an important industrial centre. The presence of cheap labor and the proximity of deposits of coal, iron ore, and manganese created favorable conditions for large-scale enterprises of the iron and mechanical engineering industries. Today Zaporizhzhia is an important industrial centre of the region with heavy industry (particularly metallurgy), aluminium, and chemical industry. Cars, avia motors and radioelectronics are manufactured in the city. The port of Zaporizhzhia is important for transshipment for goods from the Donbas.
Zaporizhstal, Ukraine’s fourth largest steel maker, and ranking 54th in the world, is based in the city.
Electricity generation
Zaporizhzhia is a large electricity generating hub. There are hydroelectric power plant known as «DniproHES» Dnieper Hydroelectric Station and the largest nuclear power plant in Europe. Prior to the 2022 invasion, the plants generated about 25% of the Ukrainian electricity supply. Located near the Enerhodar and about 60 km (37 miles) from Zaporizhzhia is the Zaporizhzhia Thermal Power Station and the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant, the largest nuclear power plant in Europe.
Culture
Magara Academic Drama Theatre
Zaporizhzhia has an orchestra, museums, theatres, and libraries. These include the Magara Academic Drama Theatre, the Municipal Theatre Lab «VIE», the Theatre for Young-Age spectators, the Theatre of Horse Riding «Zaporizhzhian Cossacks», the Zaporizhzhia Regional Museum, the National Museum of the History of the Zaporizhzhian Cossacks, the Zaporizhzhia Regional Art Museum, the Motor Sich Aviation Museum, and the Zaporizhzhia Region Universal Scientific Library.
There are a number of small amateur groups of folk music bands, art galleries in Zaporizhzhia. The city regularly holds festivals, Cossack martial arts competitions, and art exhibitions.
Zaporizhzhia has an open-air exhibition-and-sale of Zaporizhzhia city association of artists «Kolorit» near the ‘Fountain of Life’ at the Mayakovskoho square [uk]. A daily exhibition of artists’ organizations of the city is a unique place in Zaporizhzhia, where people can meet craftsmen and artists, watch carving, embroidery, beading classes, and receive advice from professional artists and designers.
Main sights
The historical and cultural museum «Zaporizka Sich» is placed on the northern rocky part of Khotritsa Island. The museum is a reconstruction of the stronghold of the Zaporizhzhian Cossacks, and contains features of the military camp life and their lifestyle.
Each of the smaller islands are located between the dam and the island Khortytsia has its own legend. On one of them, Durnya Scala («Rock of the Fool»), Tzar Peter the Great flogged the Cossacks for their betrayal the Russians during the Great Northern War between Russia and Sweden. Another small island, Stolb («Pillar»), has a geological feature, which looks like a large bowl in granite slabs, the Cossack’s Bowl. It is said that in summer days, water can be boiled in this «bowl», and the Cossacks used it for cooking galushki (boiled dough in a spicy broth).[76]
Transport links
Zaporizhzhia is an important transportation hub in Ukraine that includes roads, as well as rail, river and air links for passenger and freight transport. Zaporizhzhia International Airport, located to the east of the city on the left-bank of the Dnieper, serves domestic and international flights. Shyroke Airfield is to the west of the city on the right-bank of the Dnieper.
Zaporizhzhia is bypassed beyond its eastern outskirts by a major national highway M18, which connects Kharkiv with Simferopol. The H08, which starts just outside Kyiv and travels southeast along the Dnieper through Kremenchuk, Kamianske, Dnipro, passes through Zaporizhzhia on to Mariupol. The H15 from Donetsk and the H23 [de] from Kropyvnytskyi via Kryvyi Rih, both end in Zaporizhzhia.
There are four road bridges and two rail bridges over the Dnieper, nearly all of which bridges cross Khortytsia Island. President Volodymyr Zelenskyy opened the first stage of the New Zaporizhzhia Dniper Bridge early in 2022, .
The city has two rail stations, Zaporizhzhia-the-First and Zaporizhzhia-the-Second. The First is the central station, located in the southern part of the city and is a part of Simferopol-Kharkiv, the «north-south» transit route. The line of the Zaporizhzhia-the-Second station connects the Donbas coalfield with Kryvyi Rih.
The city’s two river ports are part of the national water transportation infrastructure that connects Kyiv to Kherson along the Dnieper. Freight ships and cutter boats travel between Zaporizhzhia and nearby villages. The island of Khortytsia splits the Dnieper into two; the main channel passes the island on its eastern side, with the Staryi Dnipro (Old Dnieper) flowing past the island on the western side.
Notable people
- Alyosha (born 1986), Ukrainian singer, stage name of Olena Oleksandrivna Kucher
- Vasiliy Bebko, (1932-2022), Russian diplomat
- Tamara Bulat (1933-2004), Ukrainian-American musicologist
- Victoria Bulitko (born 1983), a Ukrainian film, TV and theatre actress.
- Evgeniy Chernyak (born 1969), Ukrainian businessman
- Evgeniy Chuikov (1924-2000) Ukrainian landscape painter working in the Russian realist and French Impressionist traditions.
- Volodymyr Dakhno (1932-2006) Ukrainian animator and animation film director.
- Valentyna Danishevska (born 1957), Ukrainian lawyer and judge
- Gerhard Ens (1863–1952), farmer, immigration agent and politician in Saskatchewan
- Igor Fesunenko (1933-2016), Russian journalist and foreign affairs writer
- Sergey Glazyev (born 1961), Russian politician and economist
- Alina Gorlova (born 1992), a Ukrainian filmmaker, director, and screenwriter
- Konstantin Grigorishin (born 1965), a Russian-Ukrainian businessman and billionaire.
- Volodymyr Horbulin (born 1939), Ukrainian politician
- Valeriy Ivaschenko (born 1956), Ukrainian former Deputy Minister of Defence
- Boris Ivchenko, (1941-1990) Ukrainian actor and film director
- Igor P. Kaidashev (born 1969), Ukrainian immunologist and allergist
- Valeriy Kostyuk (born 1940), Russian scientist
- Maxim Ksenzov (born 1973), Russian statesman
- Valery Kulikov (born 1956), Ukrainian-born Russian politician
- Gosha Kutsenko (born 1967), Russian actor, producer, singer, poet and screenwriter
- Valentyn Nalyvaichenko (born 1966), Ukrainian diplomat and politician.
- Eva Neymann (born 1974), Ukrainian film director
- Maria Nikiforova (1885–1919), revolutionary insurgent and Anarchist partisan leader.
- Anna October (born 1991), Ukrainian fashion designer
- Aleksandr Panayotov (born 1984), Russian-Ukrainian singer and songwriter
- Mykhailo Papiyev (born 1960), Ukrainian engineer and politician
- Oleksandr Peklushenko, (1954-2015) Ukrainian politician
- Max Polyakov (born 1977), an international technology entrepreneur, economist and philanthropist
- Georgy Shchokin (born 1954), businessman, sociologist, psychologist and politician
- Boris Shtein, (1892–1961) Soviet diplomat
- Oleksandr Sin (born 1961), Ukrainian politician former mayor of Zaporizhzhia
- Serhiy Sobolyev (born 1961), Ukrainian politician
- Yanina Sokolova (born 1984) a journalist, TV presenter and actress.
- Naum Sorkin, (1899–1980) a Soviet military officer and diplomat.
- Oleksandr Starukh (born 1973), Ukrainian historian and politician
- Liudmyla Suprun (born 1965), a Ukrainian politician
- Yevhen Synelnykov (born 1981), a Ukrainian TV presenter, director and actor
- Estas Tonne (born 1975), a musician, plays guitar and flute
- Vladyslav Yama (born 1982), a Ukrainian dancer and educator
Sport
- Polina Astakhova (1936–2005) an artistic gymnast; won ten medals at the 1956, 1960 and 1964 Summer Olympics.
- Anastasia Bliznyuk (born 1994), a Russian group rhythmic gymnast.
- Maksym Dolhov (born 1996), Ukrainian diver
- Tanja Logwin (born 1974), Ukrainian-born Austrian handball player
- Alina Maksymenko (born 1991), Ukrainian rhythmic gymnast
- Oleksii Pashkov (born 1981), silver medallist in the discus at the 2012 Summer Paralympics
- Volodymyr Polikarpenko (born 1972), Ukrainian former trialthon athlete
- Yakiv Punkin (1921–1994) wrestler, gold medallist at the 1952 Summer Olympics.
- Oksana Skaldina (born 1972) gymnast; bronze medallist at the 1992 Summer Olympics
- Ganna Sorokina (born 1976) diver; team bronze medallist at the 2000 Summer Olympics
- Olga Strazheva (born 1972) gymnast; team gold medallist at the 1988 Summer Olympics
- Vita Styopina (born 1976) high jumper; bronze medallist at the 2004 Summer Olympics
- Denys Sylantyev (born 1976) politician and swimmer; four time Olympian, silver medallist at the 2000 Summer Olympics and national flag bearer at the 2004 Summer Olympics.
- Razmik Tonoyan (born 1988), Ukrainian sambist, (a Soviet-origin Russian martial art)
- Roman Volod’kov (born 1973), Ukrainian former diver
- Sergiusz Wołczaniecki (born 1964) a Polish weightlifter; bronze medallist at the 1992 Summer Olympics
- Olena Zhupina (born 1973), Ukrainian diver
In popular culture
Zaporizhzhia is a setting in two Axis victory in World War II short novels by the American author Harry Turtledove, Ready for the Fatherland (1991) and The Phantom Tolbukhin (1998).
Twin towns – sister cities
Zaporizhzhia is twinned with:[77]
In 1969, the city renamed one of its streets after the city of Wrocław. The Wrocław authorities reciprocated, and a part of the Sudecka – Grabiszyńska Street towards the Square of the Silesian Insurgents was renamed Zaporoska Street.[78]
See also
- Zaporizhzhia Ferroalloy Plant
- Zaporizhzhia Foundry and Mechanical Plant
Notes
- ^ Also spelled as Zaporizhzhya or Zaporizhia
- ^ Russian: Александровск; Ukrainian: Олександрівськ
- ^ Since modern Zaporizhiazhia was greatly enlarged in the Soviet Union, many typography in the city had to be renamed. In the year of the fall of the Russian Empire (1917), the population of Alexandrovsk was about 60,000 people. In the year of Ukraine’s declaration of independence (1991), the city’s population reached almost 1 million people.
References
- ^ (in Ukrainian) The mayor of Zaporozhye was fired, Ukrayinska Pravda (30 September 2021)
- ^ a b The size and composition of the population of Zaporizhzhia region up to the Ukrainian population census 2001 (Численность и состав населения Запорожской области по итогам Всеукраинской переписи населения 2001 года). (in Russian)
- ^ «Про затвердження транслітерації написання географічної назви міста Запоріжжя латиницею. Рішення виконавчого комітету №476». Zaporizhzhia city council. Executive committee. 28 August 2017.
- ^ (in Ukrainian) [1]
- ^ Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 [Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine.
- ^ a b Pospelov, pp. 25–26
- ^ Я. П. Новицкий. История города Александровска, (Екатеринославской губ.) в связи с историей возникновения крепостей Днепровской линии 1770–1806 г. – Екатеринослав: Типография Губернского Земства, 1905. – 176 с. (in Russian)
- ^ The bridges of Zaporizhzhia (Мосты Запорожья), by L. Adelberg (Адельберг Л), pub RA Tandem st, Zaporizhzhia, 2005. (in Russian)
- ^ a b c d e f g Official Portal Zaporizhzhia city authorities, History (Офіційний портал, Запорізької міської влади, Історія міста) Archived 21 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine, accessed 11 April 2011. (in Ukrainian)
- ^ «Sovetskai︠a︡ arkhitektura». Искусство. 27 October 1969 – via Google Books.
- ^ New world review, p40
- ^ Меерович М. Г. Соцгород – базовое понятие советской градостроительной теории первых пятилеток Archived 28 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ «История Запорожья». photoalbum.zp.ua.
- ^ The Soviet economy and the Red Army, 1930–1945, by Walter Scott Dunn, Greenwood Publishing Group, 1995 ISBN 0-275-94893-5, page 13.
- ^ a b c The Great Patriotic War on the territory of Zaporizhzhia (Великая Отечественная война на территории Запорожья) (in Russian)
- ^ Germany and the Second World War, Volume IV The Attack on the Soviet Union, by Horst Boog, Jürgen Förster, Joachim Hoffmann, Ernst Klink, Rolf-Dieter Müller, Gerd R. Ueberschär, pub Clarendon Press, 1998, ISBN 0-19-822886-4, p 909.
- ^ «The Eastern Front, Timeline 1941». Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 18 April 2011.
- ^ Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty, Ukrainian Activists Draw Attention To Little-Known WWII Tragedy , by Dmytro Moroz and Claire Bigg, 23 August 2013.
- ^ Germany and the Second World War, Volume IV The Attack on the Soviet Union, p 607 says that Zaporizhzhia was captured on 1 October 1941.
- ^ Lost Victories, by Field Marshal Eric von Manstein, translated by Anthony G Powell, pdf version p267-270.
- ^ Lost Victories, by Field Marshal Eric von Manstein, pdf version p290-2.
- ^ Lost Victories, by Field Marshal Eric von Manstein, says that the Germans finished repairing the railway bridge only a few months before they lost the city in October 1943.
- ^ a b «The Eastern Front, Timeline 1943». Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 18 April 2011.
- ^ Moscow-Stalingrad-Berlin-Prague, Memories of Army Commander («Москва-Сталінград-Берлін-Прага». Записки командарма), by Dmitri Danilovich Lelyushenko (Лелюшенко Дмитро Данилович), pub Nauka, Moscow, 1987, chapter 4.
- ^ Почему мосты строят по 14 лет – и что говорит Укравтодор
- ^ Buckley, Neil (26 January 2014). «Ukraine protests spread to Yanukovich heartland». Financial Times.
- ^ «В Запорожье участники Майдана опечатали кабинеты руководства Запорожской ОГА : Новости УНИАН». Ukrainian Independent Information Agency. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
- ^ Ukraine Tensions Escalate as Russia, U.S. Exchange Barbs Archived 15 September 2014 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Poroshenko signed the laws about decommunization. Ukrayinska Pravda. 15 May 2015
Poroshenko signs laws on denouncing Communist, Nazi regimes, Interfax-Ukraine. 15 May 20
Goodbye, Lenin: Ukraine moves to ban communist symbols, BBC News (14 April 2015) - ^ Vitaly Shevchenko (1 June 2016), In pictures: Ukraine removes communist-era symbols, BBC News
- ^ Полный перечень переименованных в Запорожье улиц
- ^ (in Ukrainian) In Zaporizhzhia began to «dekomunize» DniproGES, Radio Free Europe (4 April 2016)
- ^ «Техніка росіян зайшла до Бердянська, в Запоріжжі зброю дають усім готовим захищати обласний центр». Радіо Свобода (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 27 February 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
- ^ «Жителів Запоріжжя просять не покидати укриття: Обстрілюють аеродром – новини Запоріжжя». www.depo.ua (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 27 February 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
- ^ «Video analysis reveals Russian attack on Ukrainian nuclear plant veered near disaster». NPR. 11 March 2022. Retrieved 1 April 2022.
- ^ «Update 1-Ukraine nuclear power plant Zaporizhzhia on fire, town mayor says». Reuters. 4 March 2022. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
- ^ «Invaders fire missiles on Zaporizhzhia, Sumy region at night».
- ^ «Ukraine war: Survivors speak of horror as Zaporizhzhia convoy hit». BBC News. 30 September 2022. Retrieved 30 September 2022.
- ^ «At least 17 are killed in Zaporizhzhia». The New York Times. 9 October 2022. Archived from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 9 October 2022.
- ^ «Паспорт города Запорожье». photoalbum.zp.ua.
- ^ «The interactive map of island of Khortitsa (Russian)». Archived from the original on 2 July 2011. Retrieved 2 July 2011.
- ^
ПОГОДА в Запорожье (in Russian). Погода и климат. Archived from the original on 13 December 2019. Retrieved 8 November 2021.. Snow days have been taken to mean days on which it snowed, not days with snow cover on the ground. - ^ «World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981–2010». World Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 17 July 2021. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
- ^ Головне управління статистики в Запорізькій області — Чисельність населення м. Запоріжжя Archived 13 February 2019 at the Wayback Machine
на 1 листопада 2015 року] - ^ «Zaporizhzhia · Population». population.city.
- ^ «Держстат України» (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2018.
- ^ a b c d e Natalia Ostasheva Venger (2003). «The Mennonite Industrial Dynasties in Alexandrovsk». Journal of Mennonite Studies. Vol. V21. Dnepropetrovsk National University. pp. 89–110.
- ^ Collection of scientific works of graduate students (Збiрник наукових праць аспірантів), by T H Shevchenka, pub Vyd-vo Kyïvsʹkoho University, 1963, p87 gives the 1861 population as 3,729. (in Ukrainian)
- ^ Ripley, George; Dana, Charles A. (Charles Anderson) (27 October 1879). «The American cyclopaedia: a popular dictionary of general knowledge. Edited by George Ripley and Charles A. Dana». New York D. Appleton – via Internet Archive.
- ^ Brockhaus and Efron’s Encyclopedia (Энциклопедический Словарь Ф.А.Брокгауза и И.А.Ефрона), edited by Professor IE Andreevskago, and K. Arseniev, pub FA Brockhaus (Leipzig) and IA Efron (St Petersburg), 1890–1907, entry for Aleksandrovsk in Yekaterinoslavskaya province (Александровск, уездный город Екатеринославской губернии). (in Russian)
- ^ Universal Calendar for 1898 (Всеобщий календарь на 1898 год), pub Hermann Hoppe (St Petersburg), 1898, p217 List of the populated areas of the Russian Empire, Abakan – Alekseevskoe (Роспись населённых местностей Российской империи, Абаканское – Алексеевское). (in Russian)
- ^ Large Encyclopedia (Большая Знциклопедія) Volume I, pub Prosveshechenie (St Petersburg), 1903, p323. pdf version (in Russian)
- ^ Russian Calendar for 1906 (Русский календарь на 1906 г.), pub A. Suvorina (St Petersburg), 1906, p108 List of the populated areas of the Russian Empire, Abbas-Tuman – Belev (Список городов и других населённых пунктов Российской империи, Аббас-Туман – Белев). (in Russian)
- ^ a b Ukrainian SSR (Украинская ССР), pub Economic Institute of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, 1958, p87.
- ^ Sergina V. «City Z:1921-199», film «Year 1926» Сергина В. Город Z: 1921–1991 (Невыдуманные истории): Исторически–познавательный ТВ проект для любой зрительской аудитории. – К., 2005. – 1 компакт – диск. Фильм «Год 1926»
- ^ Economic geography of the USSR by S S Balźak, V F Vasyutin, Ya G Feigin, pub Macmillan, 1956.
- ^ a b Half a century classified as ‘Secret’: All-Union census in 1937 (Полвека под грифом ‘секретно’: Всесоюзная перепись населения 1937 года) Archived 25 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine, by Valentina B Zhiromskaya, I Kiselev, Yu A Polyakov, pub Nauka, 1996. This gives the 1926 population as 55,295.(DJV-ZIP – requires DjVu viewer software) (in Russian)
- ^ a b The emergency evacuation of cities: a cross-national historical and geographical study, by Wilbur Zelinsky, Leszek A. Kosiński, pub Rowman & Littlefield, 1991, ISBN 0-8476-7673-0.
- ^ a b c The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (Большая Советская Энциклопедия), entry for Zaporizhzhia – Zaporizhzhia oblast centre (Запорожье – центр Запорізької обл.), 3rd edition, pub 1969 to 1978. (in Russian)
- ^ Sergina V. «City Z:1921-199», film «Year 1942» (Сергина В. Город Z: 1921–1991 (Невыдуманные истории): Исторически–познавательный ТВ проект для любой зрительской аудитории. – К., 2005.- 1 компакт – диск. Фильм «Год 1942») said the population for 1942 was 103,400.
- ^ The Ukrainian quarterly, Volumes 26–27, pub Ukrainian Congress Committee of America, 1970, p223.
- ^ The population of the USSR: According to the Proc. Census 1979 (Население СССР: По данным Всесоюзной переписи населения 1979 г.), pub Politizdat (Moscow), 1980 – table: USSR, the Soviet population in 1979, cities with a population of 100 thousand and more people (СССР, население СССР на 1979 год, Население союзных и автономных республик). (in Russian)
- ^ www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie L’Encyclopédie en ligne entry for Zaporojie. (in French)
- ^ Rand McNally atlas of world geography, pub Rand McNally Company, 1996, p38.
- ^ Population on 1 August 2010 (Чисельність населення на 1 серпня 2010 року), press release No 1377 issued by the State Department of Statistics in the Zaporizhzhia oblast (Держкомстат. Головне управління статистики у Запорізькій області), 16 September 2010[dead link]. (in Ukrainian)
- ^ Population on 1 March 2011 (Чисельність населення на 1 березня 2011 року), press release No 1163 issued by the State Department of Statistics in the Zaporizhzhia oblast (Держкомстат. Головне управління статистики у Запорізькій області), 18 April 2011. (in Ukrainian)
- ^ [2][permanent dead link]
- ^ «ЧИСЕЛЬНІСТЬ НАЯВНОГО НАСЕЛЕННЯ УКРАЇНИ» (PDF) (in Ukrainian). 1 January 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2018.
- ^ Лозовой Н. (17 January 2011). «Этнические войны: украинская версия». Истеблишмент. Archived from the original on 15 August 2011.
- ^ «Demoskop Weekly: Prilozhenie. Spravochnik statisticheskikh pokazateleĭ» Демоскоп Weekly — Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей. [Demoscope Weekly: appendix. Digest of statistical indicators.]. www.demoscope.ru. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
- ^ Vsesoi͡uznai͡a perepisʹ naselenii͡a 1926 goda Всесоюзная перепись населения 1926 года [All-union census of population 1926]. Moscow: Издание ЦСУ Союза ССР. 1928–29.
- ^ Romant͡sov, V. O. «Населення України і його рідна мова за часів радянської влади та незалежності» Naselenni͡a Ukraïny i ĭoho ridna mova za chasiv radi͡ansʹkoï vlady ta nezalez͡hnosti [The population of Ukraine and its native language in the periods of the Soviet régime and independence]. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
- ^ «Vseukraïnsʹkyĭ perepys naselenni͡a 2001 roku: Rozpodil naselenni͡a za ridnoi͡u movoi͡u, Zaporizʹka oblastʹ» Всеукраїнський перепис населення 2001 року. Розподіл населення за рідною мовою, Запорізька область [All-Ukrainian census of population 2001: Distribution of population by native language, Zaporizka oblast.]. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2021.
- ^ «Религиозная карта области». Остров Свободы (in Russian). Archived from the original on 17 June 2008. Retrieved 17 April 2011.
- ^ Helena Krasowska,The Polish Minority in South-Eastern Ukraine, pub Institute of Slavic Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, 2017, ISBN 978-83-64031-65-6, p. 50-52.
- ^ Galina and Maxim Ostapenko, History of our Khortytsia (Галина и Максим Остапенко История нашей Хортицы) Archived 31 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ «Города-побратимы». zp.gov.ua (in Russian). Zaporizhia. Retrieved 10 December 2022.
- ^ «Wrocław, ul. Zaporoska – Dolny.Slask.org.pl». Archived from the original on 29 September 2011. Retrieved 29 July 2011.
Sources
- Е. М. Поспелов (Ye. M. Pospelov). «Имена городов: вчера и сегодня (1917–1992). Топонимический словарь.» (City Names: Yesterday and Today (1917–1992). Toponymic Dictionary.» Москва, «Русские словари», 1993.
External links
Look up Zaporizhia in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
- Official portal of Zaporizhzhia City (in Ukrainian)
- One of the portals of Zaporizhzhia City (in Russian)
- Another one of the portals of Zaporizhzhia City (in Russian)
- Zaporizhzhia seven ways to adventure
- One of the few external reports on the city in English is the BBC report «Ukraine: Why the Orange Revolution ran out of steam», Daniel Sandford, Moscow correspondent, BBC News 10 March 2011.